Derek D. Houston1,2, Dennis K. Shiozawa1 , and Brett R. Riddle2

1Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT

2School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Phylogenetic Relationships, Molecular Dating, And Phylogeography Of The Western North

American Genus Richardsonius

Western North America

Geological changes

- Miocene (23.0 – 5.3 Ma)

- Pliocene(5.3 – 2.6 Ma)

Climatic Changes

- Pleistocene (2.6 – 0.01 Ma)

- Holocene(0.01 – 0.0 Ma)

Western North America

Western North America

Geological and climatic changes to the landscape have influenced genetic diversity across a wide variety of taxa

Given their reduced vagility compared to terrestrial organisms, freshwater taxa may maintain a more intact genetic signature of these processes

Richardsonius

R. egregiusR. balteatus

- R. b. balteatus- R. b. hydrophlox

Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980

C. elongatus

C. funduloides

Clinostomus

 Illustration by E. Edmondson & H. Chrisp (NYSDC)

www.fishbase.org Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980

Monotypic genus

I. phlegethontis

National Audobon Society

Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980;

Mock & Miller, 2005

Iotichthys

Coburn & Cavender, 1992

Estabrook et al., 2007Simons et al., 2003

Smith et al., 2002

Simons & Mayden, 1999

R. egregius

R. balteatus

I. phlegethontis

C. elongatus

C. funduloides

Objectives

Address phylogenetic relationships of these genera– Clinostomus vs. Iotichthys as sister to Richardsonius?

Assess monophyly of Richardsonius with respect to Iotichthys.

Reciprocal monophyly of R. balteatus and R. egregius?

Establish a time frame for evolution of this group.

R. balteatus

M. caurinus

P. macrolepidotus

C. funduloides

C. elongatus

I. phlegethontis1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

R. egregius

87 / 98

100 / 100

100 / 100

100 / 99

98 / 100

100 / 93 / 0.99

0.05

300 km

0.01

C. elongatus

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius

R. balteatus

M. caurinus

C. funduloides

W

E

Co

Ci

B

99 / 100 1.00

83 / 99 1.00

99 / 100 1.00

99 / 99 1.00

100 / 100 1.00

100 / 100 1.00

98 / 83 1.00

84 / 97 1.00

100 / 100 1.00

73 / 98 1.00

92 / 86 / 1.00

95 / 97 / 1.00

79 / 97 / 1.00

mtDNA - cytochrome b - control region

300 km

0.01

C. elongatus

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius

R. balteatus

M. caurinus

C. funduloides

C. funduloides (BR7257b)

0.2

I. phlegethontis (LU8237a)

R. balteatus (SL7871a)

R. balteatus (HN7234)

R. balteatus (KT9001b)

R. egregius (WK7277a)

R. balteatus (EK7334)

R. balteatus (TE7214b)

R. egregius (MC7881b)

R. balteatus (CA6291b)

R. balteatus (TP7284)

R. balteatus (DB9251b)

R. balteatus (EK7335)

R. balteatus (TE7214a)

R. balteatus (SL7871b)

R. egregius (WK7275)R. egregius (WK7277b)

R. egregius (MC7881a)

R. balteatus (CW8247)

R. balteatus (MN8042)

R. balteatus (HB7861)

C. elongatus (KK7294)

R. balteatus (DB9252a)

R. balteatus (CA6291a)

C. funduloides (BR7257a)C. elongatus (KK7295)

R. balteatus (KT9001a)

R. balteatus (DB9252b)

R. egregius (TK7265b)

R. balteatus (SJ7224)

R. balteatus (DB9251a)

R. egregius (TK7265a)

M. caurinus (PM1)

R. balteatus (SI8452)

R. balteatus (TE7216)

R. balteatus

R. egregius

100 / 100

1.00100 / 100

1.00

I. phlegethontis (LU8237b)

100 / 100

1.00

87 / 97

1.0

89 / 90

1.00

79 / 79

0.96

70 / 81

1.00

81 / 64

1.00

70 / <60 / 0.93

62 / 65 / 0.9865 / 69 / 0.99

83 / 64 / 0.99

64 / 65 0.99

61 / 65 / 0.97

nuDNA - S7 first intron

Time (My)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene

C. elongatus

R. balteatus (B)

C. funduloides

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius (E)

R. balteatus (Ci)

R. balteatus (Co)

M. caurinus

R. egregius (W)

C1

C2

C2

Earliest known Mylocheilus fossil (7.0 Ma)Earliest known Richardsonius fossil (3.5 Ma)

C1

Time (My)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene

C. elongatus

R. balteatus (B)

C. funduloides

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius (E)

R. balteatus (Ci)

R. balteatus (Co)

M. caurinus

R. egregius (W)

4.95.7

mtDNA

nuDNA

C1

C2

Snake River

HumRiver

boldt

Columbia River

Sacr

amen

to

River

Klamath River

Colorado River

Saskatchewan River

Missouri River

?

Miocene – Pliocene- Missouri River connection

Fish Smith, 1981; Smith et al., 2000

Spring Snails Hershler & Gustafson, 2001

Hershler et al., 2008

Time (My)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene

C. elongatus

R. balteatus (B)

C. funduloides

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius (E)

R. balteatus (Ci)

R. balteatus (Co)

M. caurinus

R. egregius (W)

mtDNA

nuDNA

3.73.5

C1

C2

Pliocene connections between Bonneville and Lahontan Basins

Fish Miller, 1958;

Minckley et al., 1986

Mollusks Taylor, 1985

Time (My)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene

C. elongatus

R. balteatus (B)

C. funduloides

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius (E)

R. balteatus (Ci)

R. balteatus (Co)

M. caurinus

R. egregius (W)

mtDNA

nuDNA

2.12.8

C1

C2

Snake River capture

3.2 – 2.5 Ma Link et al., 2002 Beranek et al., 2006

Event may have put both species of Richardsonius on unique evolutionary trajectories.

Snake River

HumRiver

boldt

Columbia River

Sacr

amen

to

River

Klamath River

Colorado River

Saskatchewan River

Missouri River

Hells Canyon

Time (My)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene

C. elongatus

R. balteatus (B)

C. funduloides

I. phlegethontis

R. egregius (E)

R. balteatus (Ci)

R. balteatus (Co)

M. caurinus

R. egregius (W)

mtDNA

nuDNA

1.51.4

1.81.6

C1

C2

AcknowledgementsAdvisory CommitteeDr. John KlickaDr. Javier RodríguezDr. Stephen Rowland

UNLV Systematics GroupStacy MantoothMarkus MikaBrian SmithGarth SpellmanJeff DaCostaRob BrysonSean NeiswenterLois AlexanderTereza JezkovaMallory EckstutOthers

FundingNational Science FoundationGraduate and Professional Student

Association (UNLV)

Provided SamplesGavin Hanke – RBCMMike McGee – BLMJerry Vogt – ODFWPaul Sheerer – ODFWJay Potter – ODFWDan Jenkins - ODFWNathan Brindza – IDFGKim Tisdale - NDOWMatt McKell – UDWR