derived from vmware education services course ‘virtual...

Derived from VMware Education Services course ‘Virtual Infrastructure’See http://www.vmware.com/services/education.html for course schedule


PAC 448 ESX Server Command Line Tips

Liz Laughlin, VCPTechnical Trainer

VMware, Inc.


This presentation may contain VMware confidential information.

Copyright © 2005 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective

companies.


Goal of This Presentation

To acquaint you with two categories of commands that can be run within the ESX Server Service Console:

Basic Linux commands ESX Server commands


Command Formatcommand [-options] [arguments]

ls no options, no argumentsls –l single option, no argumentsls –alR multiple options, no argumentsls /tmp one argument, no optionsls –l /tmp one option, one argumentcp f1 f2 two required argumentscp -R d1 d2 one option, 2 required argumentsman command on-line manual pageman cpman -k copy key word search of man files

(makewhatis generates database)


Sample Man OutputNAME

cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIScp [OPTION]... SOURCE DESTcp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORYcp [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTIONCopy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.……………..-p, --preserve preserve file attributes if possible…………….

-r copy recursively, non-directories as files WARNING:use -R instead when you might copy special fileslike FIFOs or /dev/zero

…………..:


No Man Page# man vmkpcidivy

No manual entry for vmkpcidivy# vmkpcidivy [-h]Usage: /usr/sbin/vmkpcidivy [ -i[nteractive]] [-l[abel] name] [-m[emory]

memsize] [ -q[uery]] [ -r[efreshnames]] [-[csv][dev] bus:slot:fcn][-d[rootdev] rootdev]

interactive: Interactively go through the PCI divy processlabel: Perform operations on configuration with specified labelmemory: Specify memory (in megabytes) given to Service Consolequery: Execute query. Valid queries: vmkmod, vmkdump_part, vmkdump_dev labels

vmfs_part vmhba_dev vmhba_devsrefreshnames: creates or updates device names[csv]dev: Assign specified device exclusively to console, shared or virtual machines


Understanding PathsAbsolute path

Describes where a file exists in the directory structure when beginning at the top level or “root” directoryPath always begins with a “/”Valid anywhere in the file systems

Relative pathDescribes where a file exists in the directory structure relative to the current directoryNever begins with a “/”Must be different in each directory in the file systems


File and Directory Commandspwd print working directorycd change directoryls list contents (dir)

[root@esx1 bin]# pwd/usr/local/bin

[root@esx1 bin]# cd /etc[root@esx1 etc]# pwd

/etc[root@esx1 vmware]# ls vmware

config license-16-0.esx.2.0 devnames.conf license-16-2.esx-smp.2.0 ….


File and Directory Commandsmkdir make (create) directory

rmdir remove directory

[root@esx1 vmimages]# mkdir win2k_templates[root@esx1 vmimages]# ls

win2k_templates winxp[root@esx1 vmimages]# rmdir win2k_templates winxp

rmdir: `winxp': Directory not empty


File and Directory Commandscp copy files or directories

[root@esx1 vmware]# cp win2k.vmx win2k.vmx.bk[root@esx1 vmimages]# cp f1 f2 f3 mydir

rm remove files or directories

[root@esx1 vmware]# rm win2k.vmx.bk /vmimages/mydir/f3[root@esx1 vmimages]# rm -r winxp

mv move or rename files/directories

[root@esx1 vmware]# mv win2k.vmx win2k.vmx.bk[root@esx1 vmware]# mv win2k.vmx.bk /vmimages/mydir/


File Display Commands

cat file display utility (no scroll)

more provides scrolling through large files

less provides scrolling with additional features

head displays first 10 lines of a file

tail displays last 10 lines of a file

tail -f display last 10 lines of a file and keep the file open


Viewing Disk Spacevdf -h free disk space on filesystems[root@esx1 root]# vdf -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/ida/c0d0p2 1.7G 663M 1019M 40% //dev/ida/c0d0p1 50M 12M 36M 24% /boot/dev/ida/c0d0p7 1008M 17M 940M 2% /homenone 93M 0 93M 0% /dev/shm/dev/ida/c0d0p5 7.9G 6.1G 1.4G 82% /vmimagesvmhba0:0:0:8 21G 14G 6.1G 70% /vmfs/vmhba0:0:0:8


vmkpcidivy SyntaxCommand for managing device allocation

between the Service Console and the VMkernel

vmkpcidivy [ -i[nteractive]] [-l[abel] name] [m[emory] memsize] [ -q[uery]] [-r[efreshnames]] [-[csv][dev] bus:slot:fcn][-d[rootdev] rootdev]

query: Execute query. Valid queries: vmkmod, vmkdump_part, vmkdump_dev, labels, vmfs_part, vmhba_dev, vmhba_devs


Command Examples[root@esx1 root]# vmkpcidivy -iBoot image configuration: esx

Image file: /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.9-vmnix2Memory: 192MService Console devices:Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82557 Amount of memory (in megs) to allocate to the Service Console [192]:. . .

Type 'c' to allocate to the Service Console or 'v' to allocate to the virtual machines, or 's' to share between both


Command ExamplesTo map from VMkernel disk to a Linux device file:# vmkpcidivy –refreshnames# vmkpcidivy –q vmhba_devs

vmhba0:0:8 /dev/sdavmhba1:0:0 /dev/cciss/c0d0

To create a new partition or view existing partitions:# fdisk /dev/sda


vmkfstools SyntaxCommand for VMware ESX Server file system

management on SCSI disks

vmkfstools -OPTION [arg…] VMkernel-path

The last argument is always a path using the VMkernel’s device spaceEither a VMFS name (physical or friendly)vmhba0:1:0:5 /vmfs/vmhba0:1:0:5myvmfs /vmfs/myvmfsOr a VMFS name followed by a virtual disk file namevmhba0:1:0:5:a.dsk /vmfs/vmhba0:1:0:5/a.dskmyvmfs:a.dsk /vmfs/myvmfs/a.dsk


Command ExamplesTo build a new VMFS:# vmkfstools –C vmfs2 vmhba0:8:0:1

To set the volume label# vmkfstools –S sanV3 vmhba0:8:0:1

To create a new virtual disk:# vmkfstools –c 4096 sanV3:websvr.vmdk


Command ExamplesTo export:# vmkfstools –e /vmimages/ws.vmdk

sanV3:ws.vmdk

To extend the virtual disk:# vmkfstools –X 8192M sanV3:windata.vmdk

To import:# vmkfstools –i /vmimages/disk2.vmdk

sanV3:other.vmdk


vmware-mount.pl SyntaxTo display the partition table inside a virtual disk:

# vmware-mount.pl –p /vmfs/sanV3/db.vmdk

Nr Start Size Type Id System-- ----- ------- ---- --- ---------------1 63 4176837 BIOS 7 HPFS/NTFS

# vmware-mount.pl –p /vmfs/sanV3/mail.vmdk

Nr Start Size Type Id System-- ----- ------- ---- --- ---------------1 32 81888 BIOS 83 Linux2 81920 262144 BIOS 82 Linux swap3 344064 972800 BIOS 83 Linux


Command Examples# mkdir /myntfs

# vmware-mount.pl /vmfs/sanV3/db.vmdk 1

-t ntfs -o ro /myntfs

In another window:

# ls /myntfsAUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYS IO.SYSboot.ini Documents and Settings MSDOS.SYS

Press Ctrl-C to kill vmware-mount.pl when done


vmware-cmd SyntaxVirtual machine operations

/usr/bin/vmware-cmd <options> <vm-cfg-path> <vm-action> <arguments>

Server operations/usr/bin/vmware-cmd -s <options> <server-action> <arguments>

See VMware Scripting API User’s Manual on http://www.vmware.com


Command ExamplesTo list registered virtual machines:vmware-cmd –l

To register a virtual machine:vmware-cmd –s register /home/a/b/b.vmx

To start a virtual machine:vmware-cmd /home/a/b/b.vmx start

To check for heartbeat:vmware-cmd /home/fred/…/b.vmx

getheartbeatwait a few seconds, then repeat


vmsnap.pl and vmres.plTo back up:vmsnap.pl -a archiveserver -c

/home/vmware/name/name.vmx

To restore:vmres.pl -a archiveserver -d

/home/vmware/name/name.vmx-o owner -g group -v VMFS

More details on this in the “Virtual Infrastructure in Production: Backup and Disaster Recovery” lab.


Sample Script

for vm in $(vmware-cmd -l)do

vmware-cmd $vm start softdone


Sample Script

for vm in $(vmware-cmd -l)do

cp $vm /vmimages/backup_config/done


PAC879: The Next Phase of Virtual Infrastructure: Introducing ESX Server 3.0 and VirtualCenter 2.0

PAC177: Distributed Availability Services ArchitecturePAC484: Consolidated Backup with ESX Server:

In-Depth ReviewPAC485: Managing Data Center Resources Using the

VirtualCenter Distributed Resource SchedulerPAC532: iSCSI and NAS in ESX Server 3

This presentation covers the current versions of our products. Details about

future releases of our products are available in select sessions at VMworld, including: