desalination benefits from krohne

8/12/2019 Desalination Benefits From KROHNE

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KROHNE, Inc. Peabody MA (USA) us.krohne.com [email protected] 1-800 FLOWING

In certain applications, conventional grounding of electromagnetic flowmeters can posespecial challenges. This article illustrates those challenges and sheds light on a uniquesolution that is especially suitable for problematic applications, some of which are foundin desalination facilities. An example of a successful chemical application is provided.

For many decades, electromagnetic flowmeters (EMFs)have been the first choice for measuring the volumetricflow of electrically conductive liquids. This is true formany industriessuch as chemical, pharmaceutical, food,beverage and throughout the water/wastewater industry.

The basis of the measuring principle isFaraday's Law ofInduction,wherein an induced voltage at the electrodesis proportional to the velocity of a conductive fluid movingwithin a magnetic field. The inner wall of the measuringtube must be electrically isolated and only the electrodes

are in contact with the fluid. Thus, most EMF measuringtubes are lined with hard rubber or other elastomers, orin cases where the fluids are extremely corrosive, theycan be made entirely of ceramic.

GroundingLike all electrical equipment, EMFs must be grounded in

accordance with safety regulations for protectivegrounding or potential equalization. EMF groundingensures primary protection against electric shock. In the

event of a ground fault there is no hazardous voltage transferred to the conductive partsof the device. However, most important for the measurement, proper grounding providesa fixed reference potential which is crucial since EMF signal voltage is typically about amillivolt or less. The EMF signal converter can only process such small sensed signalsmost efficiently when there is minimal difference between the induced voltage of themedium and the reference potential at the converter. In other words, the better thegrounding, the better the flow measurement.The three classical methods to ensure solid grounding are detailed below. In addition,the newest virtual reference method which eliminates the need for grounding the fluid is

Desalination Plants Benefit from MagMeters with Unique Virtual ReferenceFeatureAuthor: Joe Incontri, Director of Marketing, North AmericaKROHNE, Inc., Peabody, MA

Figure 1 KROHNE OPTIFLUX 4300

Electromagnetic Flowmeter
http://www.krohne.com/EMF_Magmeters_Start_en.186.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/EMF_Magmeters_Start_en.186.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/Measuring_principle_EMF_electromagnetic_flowmeters_en.1343.0.htmlhttp://www.krohne.com/EMF_Magmeters_Start_en.186.0.html


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also discussed.Three classical grounding methods

1- Grounding in electrically conductive pipesThis is the simplest case for grounding. In electrically conductive pipes (steel orstainless steel) the liquid is in direct contact with the metal and therefore it has thesame potential as the grounded pipe. The signal voltage on the electrodes thus has afixed reference potential and no additional fluid grounding mechanisms are requiredfor EMF use.2- Grounding Rings for non-conductive pipesFor ceramic, plastic or concrete and internally coated steel pipes, the fluid is brought

to a known, fixed potential by using metal grounding rings. For maximum effective-ness KROHNE recommends one on the inlet and outlet of the flow meter. Each ring isin conductive contact with the fluid and grounded with the sensor.When assembling the pipeline to the meters flanges, gaskets are necessary to limitany leak potential. The installed grounding rings and gaskets must not disturb the flowprofile since this may affect meter performance. This technically reliable method hasbeen proven for many decades in countless applications. However, higher groundingring costs apply when special materials are needed for chemically aggressive media.One example is sea water inflow in desalination facilities where large pipe sizes arerequired and stainless steel grounding rings are not suitable.Stray currents can travel via the grounding rings and the grounding cable wherepersistent and significant electrical potential exists between the fluid and ground. In

time, those grounding rings will deteriorate as a result of the electrochemical reactionswith the fluid.3- Grounding with grounding electrodesSome vendors will provide EMFs with a single grounding electrode situated at the inletside of the meter. It is in direct contact with the sensor housing and is connected tothe functional earth (FE) point of the EMF sensor. This additional electrode is oftenmuch less costly than equivalent grounding rings but they provide much less surfacearea so their performance is less effective for a variety of reasons.Grounding electrodes can be more readily destroyed than rings by electrolytic actionin the presence of electrical potential differences. The resulting fluid leak path aroundthe electrode would lead to the eventual destruction of the complete EMF therebyrequiring its replacement while affecting the process. Similarly, abrasive solids in

horizontal pipelines can quickly destroy these grounding electrodes through erosion.Deposits on the grounding electrode can inhibit the basic fluid grounding function,thus also inhibiting measuring performance. In the case of large EMFs equipped withgrounding electrodes, significant deviations also occur when an EMF calibrated in anelectrically conductive pipeline is used in an isolated pipeline application.

The latest alternative to classical grounding: Virtual ReferenceIn certain applications, conventional grounding methods of EMFs pose problems: For


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example, in lines with cathodic corrosion protection or in galvanisation plants, avoltage is present between the electrodes and the earth. In desalination plants anymetal in contact with the chemically aggressive fluid, including grounding rings orelectrodes, are usually made of expensive materials. These can add up to very highcosts where pipe sizes above 6 inches are concerned.

KROHNEs unique and effective solution to this problem is called "virtual reference" orsometimes "virtual grounding". With the virtual reference, the EMF sensor can beinstalled in any type of pipeline without grounding rings or electrodes. The converter'sinput amplifier evaluates the fluids electrical potentialat the measuring electrodes anda patented method is used to create an offsetting voltage to eliminate the inducedelectrical noise. This voltage is used as the reference potential for flow signalprocessing.

Figure 2 Diagram of EMF with Classic and Virtual Reference Grounding

This method has several advantages: For one thing, no additional fluid groundingdevices are necessary. This advantage should not be underestimated since faultygrounding is the most common cause of error for an operating EMF.The elimination of grounding rings and the simpler installation of the EMFs results inlower overall costs. Unlike the use of grounding electrodes or rings there is no risk ofelectrolytic destruction when there are potential differences in the system. Straycurrents cannot flow from the product through grounding paths. Ungrounded use is


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also possible where voltage and current are applied to the pipes for electrolytic orgalvanic treatment.Virtual reference is available for sensor diameters above inch and for fluidconductivity at or above 200 S/cm.KROHNE patented this method for the virtual referencing of EMFs in 1998 and is theonly manufacturer using this method in their flowmeters..

Figure 3 Installation of OPTIFLUX 4300 with Virtual Reference

The KROHNE EMFs with virtual reference perform reliably even in the harshestconditions. When the conditions mentioned regarding the diameter and conductivity ofthe product are fulfilled, the EMFs can be installed in all systems where classicalgrounding is a challenge.

Virtual reference forDesalinationKROHNE has also deployed the virtual reference option on a large number of EMFsinstalled in desalination plants. The special grounding ring or electrode materialsneeded for seawater were not required thus reducing the capital outlay and improvinglong term performance in galvanically protected pipes.


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2 | OPTIFLUX - W&WW specialist for large sizes | 2013-10-01

Good reasons for choosing

OPTIFLUX electromagnetic flowmeters

in desalination plantsProduct Marketing EMF

2013-07


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OPTIFLUX in Desalination Plants | MarketTrends

Cost-saving innovationsin seawater desalination

technology

Becoming more affordableto meet worlds growing

freshwater needs

Reduction of energyrequirements

Large capacity plants

Co-location with power plantgeneration facilities

Reverse osmosis (RO)increasingly adopted as major

desalination technology



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OPTIFLUX in Desalination Plants | Market

Trends

Top 15 country desalination markets



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OPTIFLUX in Desalination Plants | MarketTrends

Desalination technologies

Reverse Osmosis

Thermal Desalination

Multiple Effect Distillation

Multi-Stage Flash Distillation



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OPTIFLUX in Desalination Plants | Applications

Inlet of seawater

Desalination units

Outlet of drinking water


Customer witness

Calibration DN1600Outlet potable water

Marafiq, SA

Inlet of salt water

Process control


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OPTIFLUX in Desalination PlantsProcess conditions

Inlet of seawater

Salty environment(similar to offshore)

Salt water with particles

Huge pipelines andflow rates

Reliable flowmeter.No maintenance

Optional CT Redundant meter installation

Outlet of drinking water

Drinking waterapprovals

CT certification

Large sizes

Redundant meterinstallation


Desalination units

Process metering

Non CT

Large numberof units


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OPTIFLUX 2000 Sensors | Inlet of SeawaterThe reliable solution

Unique calibration capabilitiesfor large sized flowmeters

- Sizes up to DN 3.000

- Flow rates up to 32.000 m3/hr

Unique calibration facility

with RvA accreditation

With Virtual Reference option

no need for grounding measures

High quality meters:

- Special offshore coating

- Flanges, connection box, and

converter housing in SS

Accuracy of flowmeters

Easy installation and no maintenance

Large diameter range:

DN25 to DN 3.000


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | Outlet of Drinking WaterThe reliable solution

Large diameter range:DN25 to DN3.000

High accuracy

Drinking water approvals incl.KTW, WRc, KIWA, ACS

Optional IP68

Compliance withMI-001, OIML R49, ISO 4064

Maintenance free Extensive diagnostics

Optional: NMi & customer calibration witnessOPTIFLUX 2100


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | Large Sizes up to DN3000

Large diameter range

from DN2.5

up to DN3000


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IFC 300 Converter | Virtual Reference

Full-feature flow converter

Standard extensive diagnostics

Provides highest accuracy

Required for master / transfer

meters checking other

flowmeters

With Virtual Reference option(KROHNE patented)

Grounding rings or electrodes can

be omitted!

Substantial lower investment with

- Large diameters

- Special materials

Simplifies installation reduces

- Installation time- Risk of wrong installation of

grounding rings & gaskets

Simplifies engineering

Simplifies maintenanceIFC 300 | housing options


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Project | Sidem Desalination PlantsMiddle East

Customer: SIDEM

Subsidiary of Veolia Water Solutions

& Technologies

Designs & builds large desalination plants

for industrial & municipal needs

Projects

4 Large desalination units in Middle East

Incl. 27 desalination units of Marafiq in Saudi

Arabia producing > 800.000 m3/per day

KROHNE Scope of supply

About 20 electromagnetic flowmeters

per desalination units

In total >1000 magmeters for 4 desalination

plants (530 units for Marafiq)


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OPTIFLUX References

in Desalination ProjectsProduct Marketing EMF

2013-07


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OPTIFLUX | Sidem Desalination Plantsin Middle East

Al Hidd, Bahrain

10 desalination units of

27,276 m3/day each

Ras Lafan, Qatar


28.64000 m3/day each

Fujairah, UAE


38,640 m3/day each

Marafiq, Saudi Arabia


30,000 m3/day each


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Project: Marafiq IWPP, Saudi Arabia

Independent Water & Power Production(IWPP) project

Owner: Jubail Water & Power Co.

End User: Marafiq

27 desalination units

30,000 m3/day (6.6 MIGD)

Total capacity: 805.000 m3/day

SIDEM

Engineering, procurement, construction &commissioning of

Potabilisation plant, CO2 plant, sea watersupply and reject lines, sea water boosterpumping station, etc

Marafiq, Arabian Sea: One of the largest

desalination plants in the world


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Project: Marafiq, Saudi Arabia

Project details


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Marafiq | Inlet of SeawaterOPTIFLUX 2300

Installation

2 x 2 meters in series -

main & check meter

Measurement chamber with

length of more than 40 meters

Measurement requirement

Max. difference between

2 meters < 0,4%!

Solution: OPTIFLUX 2300

2 x DN 1000, 2 x DN 1400

IFC 300 converter with

Virtual reference

Marafiq, Saudi Arabia


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Project: Ras Lafan IWPP, Qatar

Independent Water & Power Production(IWPP) project

Client: Mitsui Bahrain

End-user: Ras Girtas Power Company


With 28,640 m3/day each, for a total

capacity of 286,400 m3/day (63 MIGD)

Sea water booster pumping station

Pump capacity: 45.000 m3/hour

Seawater pumped and sold to

desalination plant


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Ras Lafan | Inlet of SeawaterOPTIFLUX 2000 with DN3000

Application

Inlet of seawater

Pumped & sold to desalination plant

Metering installation:

Seawater transportedvia 2 redundant pipelines

In each pipe: 2 x OPTIFLUX 2000

- one at inlet (main meter)- one at outlet (check meter)

All flow can be directed via 1 pipeline

Scope of supply

4 x OPTIFLUX 2300 with diameter DN3000

DN 3000 in production


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | DN 3000 in production


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | In house calibration to DN3000Standard factory calibration

Every flowmeter leaving the factory

Wet calibrated by direct volume

comparison on worlds most

accurate calibration facilities

Calibration certificate included

Optional calibration to RvA,

OIML, MID etc

Calibration facilities

DN2.5 to DN3000

Max. flow rate: 30.000 m3/hr

Traceable to (inter-)national

standards

Uncertainty down to

0.013% of MV

DN3000 at calibration facilities at KROHNE Altometer


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Desalination units | Process control

OPTIFLUX 2100 & 2300

Approx. 18 flowmeters inuse per desalination unit

Desalination units:

- Ras Lafan, Qatar: 10- Fujairah, UAE: 12

- Marafiq, S-Arabia: 27

(500 flowmeters)

- Al Hidd, Bahrain: 10

Diameter sizes:

DN150, 200, 250

Fujairah, UAE


38,640 m3/day each


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Project: Fujairah II, UAE

Independent Water & PowerProduction project

Client: Fujairah Asia Power

Company

End-user:Abu Dhabi Water and

Electricity Authority


38,640 m3/day (8.5 MIGD) each

A mixed MED 100 MIGD / SWRO

30 MIGD project

Delivery of water to .


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Fujarah | Outlet of Potable WaterOPTIFLUX 2000

Installation

All OPTIFLUX flowmeters installed in aredundant installation with main & checkmeter

CT: Connected to a metering systemfor billing

Requirements

Certificate of conformity with OIML R49

Unique ability to calibrate 2 meters with

diameter DN900 in series

Scope of supply

Ras Lafan: 2 x DN1000

Marafiq: 2 x DN1000, 2 x DN1400

Fujarah: 6 x DN900, 2 x DN350 Fujarah: KROHNE chosen for abilityto calibrate 2 x DN900 in series


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | DN 1800Outlet of Sidney desalination plant

OPTIFLUX 2000DN1800 on its route

to the Sidney

Desalination plant

Outlet of potable

water

2 meters in series


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OPTIFLUX 2000 | DN 1800Outlet of Sidney desalination plant

Customer:

Blue Water Joint Venture,

under contract to Sydney Water

Project:

Sydney Desalination Plant

Application:

Outlet of potable water

2 meters in seriesScope of supply:

2 x OPTIFLUX 2000 - DN 1800


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OPTIFLUX in Desalination PlantsRecommendations from Application Support

Contact KROHNE Altometeron lay-out of plant for optimal flowmeter installation

Choose full faced Hard Rubber (available as an option)

Electrode material: C22 > contact factory for advice on optimal choice

IP68 version (covers of connection box were left open in the rain)

Remote version: protect electronics from sun

Go for virtual reference for seawater inlet- Stainless steel not always sufficient

- Not easy to install for large sizes

Check conductivity of clean water behind filter- VR: > 150 S

Provide training to installation people



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Questions?

Product Marketing EMF

2012-10


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SIDEM | Leader in MED Desalination Technology

Multiple-Effect Distillation (MED)

Low temperature thermal process of obtaining fresh water by

recovering vapour of boiling sea water in a sequence of vessels

(called effects) each maintained at a lower temperature than the last.

Because the boiling point of water decreases as pressure decreases,

the vapour boiled off in one vessel can be used to heat the next one.

Only the first one (at highest pressure) requires an external source of heat.

Independent Water & Power Production (IWPP) projects

Thermal desalination is even more efficient when combined with a power plant. Considering the low overall efficiency of power generation whatever process

used, it will reject large quantities of low temperature heat to the environment.

Since desalination processes work at low temperatures they can be efficiently

supplied with heat recovered from power plant rejects.

These particular arrangements provide the lowest water costs.


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Project | Seawater reverse osmosis plant

Customer:

Larnaca SWRO Water , Cyprus

Project:

Seawater desalination plant,

based on reverse osmosis in Cyprus


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OPTIFLUX 4000 | Checks water & filter capacity

Application:

6 x 9000 m3/day

Controlling and recording waterand filter capacity

Solution:ALTOFLUX (Now OPTIFLUX 4000)

18 units

DN 200 600

No dead spaces,thus no accumulation of dirt

No need for regular maintenance, nocleaning nor repairs

Commissioning: 2001

Larnaca SWRO Water Desalination Plant, Cyprus

desalination benefits from krohne

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