desalination market & technologies - gedeon.prd.fr · desalination technologies 9 sept. 2008...

DESALINATIONMarket & Technologies

V. Bonnélye

9 Sept. 2008

WATER RESOURCES

• Increase in the precipitation repartition inequality over the world

Source: J. Labre/Suez

9 sept. 2008 > DEGREMONT - Desalination – Market & Technologies

WATER RESOURCES

Global internal renewable resources per person per year

Source GWI


DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES


• Two main technologies are used for seawater desalination at full scale:− Thermal processes: MSF (Multi Stage Flash) and MED (Multi Effect Distillation)− Membrane process: reverse osmosis

• Thermal processes are based on evaporation:− Seawater temperature is increased,− Evaporation is taking place, distilled water is collected by condensation,− The warm brine is rejected from the system− The thermodynamic conditions have been optimized to improve the efficiency

of the système• Temperature/pressure during evaporation• Separation of the process in Stage or effect to optimize the evaporation

according to the surface of exchanges available, including recirculation loops, intermediate heating systems



• Entropie, Bahrain • MSF Fisia, Jebel Ali, Saoudi Arabia



• Reverse osmosis use a semi permeable membrane (hollow fibers or flat sheetinstalled in spiral modules):− The semi permeable membrane retains most of the salts while letting the pure

water flowing through;− Pressure is applied on the feed water to over pass the osmotic pressure and

the resistance of the membrane to the water flow;− The system is fed continuously, with a continuous bleed of concentrate (brine)

and collection of permeate (low salinity water)− The maximum production of water is related to

• The flux applied on the membrane (generally 13-16 L/h/m²)• The recovery system (from 42 to 55%), the higher the recovery the higher

the osmotic pressure on the brine part


• Example of desalination Plant (Perth, Western Australia)




Parameter MSF MED (TVC) RO

Pretreatment required Minimum Minimum Critical

Chemical production Low Low highest

Sludge production None None Some

Scaling Notice Low Lowest

Fouling Low Lowest Highest

Operational complexity Lowest Low Highest

Reliability High High Pretreatment dependant

Electricity consumption (kWh/m3) 3.5 1.5 4

Stream consumption (G.O.R.) 10/1 8/1 n/a

Concentration factor (Brine/feed) 1.7 1.7 1.9

Top brine temperature (°C) 110 65 n/a

Feed/product Flow (including cooling) 8/1 8/1 2.2/1

Product TDS (mg/L) <25 <25 450

Max. Capacity per unit (m3/d) 75 000 35 000 20 000



• Desalination plant capacity: the top 10 largest plants (50% under construction)− Shoaiba Saoudi Arabia 880 MLD MSF 2009− Marafiq Saoudi Arabia 800 MLD MED 2011− Jebel Ali UAE 640 MLD MED 2011− Fujairah 2 UAE 590 MLD MED/RO 2011− Mactaa Algeria 500 MLD RO 2012− Shuweihat UAE 455 MLD MFS 2004− Fujairah 1 UAE 425 MLD MSF/RO 2004− Tianjin China 400 MLD MED 2011− Sulaibya Koweit 375 MLD RO 2004− Ashkelon Israel 330 MLD RO 2005− Jebel Ali UAE 320 MLD MSF 2005

Increase of the largest plant size capacity both in RO and Thermal

DESALINATION MARKET GROWTH

Source GWI


DESALINATION MARKET

Desalination - Capacity by Countries

01 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

7 000 000

8 000 000

9 000 000

10 000 00011 000 000

Saud

i Ara

bia

USA UA

E

Kuw

ait

Spai

n

Lybi

a

Isra

el

Alg

eria

Japa

n

Qua

tar

Italy

Om

an

Indi

a

Bah

rain

Kor

ea

Chi

na

Iran

Iraq

Aus

tral

ia

Mex

ico

Sing

apor

e

Taiw

an

Ger

man

y

Net

herla

nd

Fran

ce

Chi

le

Mal

ta

Cyp

rus

Con

trac

ted

m3/

day

THERMAL MEMBRANES PROJECT ND

− historically• Middle East• North Africa, very active the last 5 years(South Africa coming soon)

On-going large projects

IndiaChinaAustralia (125-500 MLD)


DESALINATION MARKET

• Contracted desalination market share by technology 2000-2007

Source GWI


DESALINATION MARKET

• Customers:− 2/3 municipal− 1/3 industrial application

• Delivery mechanism (desalination capacity)


Source GWI

DESALINATION MARKET GROWTH

• Annual capital expenditure thermal vs. membrane 2006-2016

Source GWI


THE DESALINATION PLAYERS


Names Origin Thermal Membrane

Degremont – Suez Environnement Group France X

Veolia (special unit for thermical : Sidem) France X X

Acciona Spain X

Befesa – Abengoa group Spain X

Inima – OHL group Spain X

Aqualia – FCC Spain X

Doosan Korea X X

Fisia Italimpianti Italy X

IDE Technologies Israel X X

Hyflux Singapore X

Biwater Great-Britain X

VA Tech Wabag Austria X X

Aqualyng AS Norway X

Aquatech United States X X

Sasakura Japan X

Alfa Laval Sweden X

DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIESFuture Developments


• On the existing technologies:− Thermal processes:

• Unitary capacity increase (MED),• Hybrid systems optimization RO/MED• Membrane/MED coupling using nanofiltration membranes,

− Reverse osmosis:• Membrane evolution (continue), increase membrane permeability and salt

rejection,• Energy recovery equipments (continue)

• On new processes/new technologies− Membrane distillation− Forward osmosis− Nanotechnologies

desalination market & technologies - gedeon.prd.fr · desalination technologies 9 sept. 2008...

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