DESCRIBE THE HABITAT REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER

FACTORS THAT AFFECT WILDLIFE SPECIES

NATURAL RESOURCE IFISHERY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVE 5.03

HABITAT• THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF FOOD, COVER, WATER, HOME RANGE AND TERRITORY

ARE ALL PART OF AN ANIMAL’S HABITAT.

FOODHERBIVORE CARNIVORE

THE PLANT EATERS THE MEAT EATERS

FOODINSECTIVORES: THE INSECT EATERS FRUGIVORES: THE FRUIT EATERS

SHREW

MOLE

ARMADILLO

GIANT ANT EATER

HEDGEHOG

GIANT TORTOISE

CHIMPANZEE

TOUCAN

FOODOMNIVORES: EAT MANY FOOD TYPES SPERMIVORES: SEED EATERS

CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS BY FOOD VARIETY

• EUROPHAGOUS: CONSUMES GREAT VARIETIES OF FOOD

• STENOPHAGOUS: EATS A SPECIALIZED DIET

EVERGLADES KITE (HAWK)

FEED ON JUST ONE

VARIETY OF SNAIL

FEATHER MITE

CAN SURVIVE

ON ONE

SPECIES OF

BIRD

COYOTES

HUMANS

OPOSSUM

COVER• A PLACE FOR PROTECTION FROM

WEATHER• A PLACE FOR PROTECTION FROM

PREDATORS

WATER• IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT OF WILDLIFE

• MOST ANIMALS BODIES ARE 60-80% WATER

• IMPORTANCE: BLOOD COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE REGULATION, AND NUTRIENT TRANSPORT

• SOME ANIMALS GET MOST OF THEIR WATER FROM FOODS THEY EAT

HOME RANGE AND TERRITORY• HOME RANGE: THE AREA OVER WHICH

GAME TRAVELS, WHICH COULD BE FROM ONE ACRE TO HUNDREDS OF SQUARE MILES

• TERRITORY: THE AREA AN ANIMAL WILL DEFEND, OFTEN TO THE DEATH

GAME MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES• GAME REFUGES ARE LANDS SET ASIDE FOR PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE SPECIES

• HABITAT DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OCCURS WHEN HABITAT IS DEVELOPED AND MANAGED FOR MAXIMUM BENEFIT TO WILDLIFE

• FENCEROW PLANTINGS

• WOODLAND MANAGEMENT-NOT USING WOODLAND FOR GRAZING WILL INCREASE GAME POPULATION

COORDINATION WITH OTHER RESOURCES• MANAGING THE WILDLIFE IN COORDINATION OR HARMONY WITH OTHER RESOURCES;

EXAMPLE: FARMER MANAGING THE SOIL PROPERLY TO GROW CROPS, LEAVING SOME FOR WILDLIFE TO EAT

HUNTING REGULATIONS• HUNTING MUST BE MANAGED TO CONTROL WILDLIFE POPULATION

• SOME PROCEDURES ARE BAG LIMITS, HUNTING SEASONS AND CLOSED SEASONS

• TOO MUCH WILDLIFE (OVERPOPULATION) CAN CAUSE TOO MUCH COMPETITION FOR HABITAT

• TOO MUCH HARVESTING CAN CAUSE UNDER-POPULATION.

PREDATOR CONTROL

• INVOLVES CONTROLLING PREDATORS OF THE GAME, RATHER THAN GAME

• PREDATORS CAN KEEP GAME HEALTHIER

• PREDATORS MAINTAIN AN IMPROVED GAME POPULATION BY REMOVING WEAK

ARTIFICIAL STOCKING• INVOLVES BRINGING ANIMALS INTO AN AREA

• CAN INVOLVE BRINGING ANIMALS NATURAL TO THE AREA OR INTRODUCING A NEW SPECIES TO AN AREA—CALLED “INTRODUCTION OF EXOTICS”

NEED TO CONSIDER

•POPULATION DENSITY—REFERS TO NUMBER OF GAME ANIMALS IN A DEFINED AREA

NEED TO CONSIDER• CARRYING CAPACITY—THE AMOUNT OF GAME AN AREA IS ABLE TO SUSTAIN

LEGISLATION AND GAME MANAGEMENT• GENERALLY MANAGED BY EACH STATE

Major legislation governing wildlife

• LACEY ACT OF 1900: FIRST MAJOR LAW AFFECTING WILDLIFE. MADE FEDERAL

OFFENSE TO TRANSPORT ILLEGALLY TAKEN WILDLIFE ACROSS STATE LINES. (AMENDED

IN 2008 TO INCLUDE PLANTS)

MAJOR LEGISLATION GOVERNING WILDLIFEMIGRATORY BIRD ACT OF 1929—PROVIDED REFUGES FOR MIGRATORY BIRDS

MAJOR LEGISLATION GOVERNING WILDLIFE• ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1966-GAVE THE AUTHORITY OF PROTECTING RARE

AND ENDANGERED SPECIES TO THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.

RED WOLFTAR RIVER SPINY MUSCLE

VENUS FLY TRAP

RED COCKADED WOODPECKER

HAWKBILL SEA TURTLE

TOWNSENDS BIG EAR BAT

EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• ACTIONS THAT LED TO WILDLIFE POPULATION PROBLEMS

• TAKING ANIMALS FASTER THAN THEY CAN REPRODUCE---

BISON

EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• KILLING ANIMALS BECAUSE THEY APPEARED HOSTILE

GRIZZLY BEAR COUGAR WOLVES

SEEN AS A THREAT TO PEOPLE

EXTINCTION OR ENDANGERMENT• SEEN AS A THREAT TO DOMESTIC ANIMALS

RED TAILED

HAWK

EXAMPLE: THE RED-TAILED HAWK DID NOT EAT MANY DOMESTIC ANIMALS ANYWAY

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

• EXTINCT– SPECIES NO LONGER EXISTS OUTSIDE OF MUSEUMS OR PHOTOS

PASSENGER PIGEON BLACK RHINOCEROS DODO

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

• ENDANGERED—A SPECIES THAT IS NO LONGER COMMON AND IS IN DANGER OF BECOMING EXTINCTBIGHORN SHEEP

POLAR BEARKEY DEER

WOLVES

PUMA

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

• EXAMPLES OF ENDANGERED BIRDS

WHOOPING CRANE PRAIRIE CHICKEN

BALD EAGLE

IVORY BILLED

WOODPECKER

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

• THREATENED—A SPECIES THAT FACES SERIOUS DANGERS AND IS LIKELY TO BECOME ENDANGERED

KOALA WOOD STORK

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

•RARE—A SPECIES THAT EXISTS IN SMALL NUMBERS

PYGMY 3 TOED SLOTH ANGEL SHARK

• ISLAND GREY FOX

EXTINCT, RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

• FISH—IN 1987 THERE WERE 25 FISH ON THE ENDANGERED LIST. BY

2013 THERE WERE 133

BLUEFIN TUNA

GOLIATH GROUPER

CHINESE STURGEON