DESCRIBING TRENDS

1. The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.

Source:http://writefix.com/?page_id=202

• The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.

• In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.

• Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.

There was a sharp rise.

There was a slight fall.

There was a dramatic fall.

There was a slow increase.

ADJECTIVE + NOUN

…followed by stabilisation

It showed a lot of fluctuation.

It rose sharply.

It fell slightly.

It fell dramatically.

It increased slowly.

VERB + ADVERB

It levelled off.

It fluctuatedsignificantly.

It soared.

It slipped.

It plummeted.

It rallied.

DIFFERENT VERBS

It levelled off.

It skyrocketed.

It sank.

It bottomed out.

SORT OUT:a rise an upsurge a decline a fall an increase a decrease a drop an upturn a downturn

There was a(n)…

NOUNS

SORT OUT:sharp, slight, dramatic, steep, slow, rapid, significant, gradual,sudden, gentle, substantial, considerable

ADJECTIVES

MORE INTENSITY IN CHANGE LESS INTENSITY IN CHANGE

ADJECTIVES→ADVERBS

• rapid• quick• slight• moderate• dramatic• considerable• substantial• gradual• steady

• rapidly• quickly• slightly• moderately• dramatically• considerably• substantially• gradually• steadily

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB?

• There was a __________fall.

• It fell _____________.

• There was a ____________upturn.

• The government decreased taxes ________.

• They reported a ___________ downturn.

TRANSLATE USING ‘RISE’ OR ‘RAISE’

• Cijene rastu svaki dan.

• Cijene su narasle.

• Vlasnik često povisuje cijenu.

• Vlasnik je povisio cijenu.

• Prices rise every day.

• Prices rose. (Prices have risen.)

• The owner often raises the price.

• The owner raised the price.

INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE

• RISE

• GROW

• JUMP

• RALLY

• FALL

• DECLINE

• PLUMMET

• SLUMP

• TO BOOST THE ECONOMY

• TO SLASH TAXES• TO BRING DOWN

PRICES

INCREASEDECREASE

Prices rise. He raised the prices.

Unemployment figures fell. Time to lower the prices.

Plunge = to fall a long way in a short time.

DRAW THESE SENTENCES USING ARROWS.

1.The American economy picked up in the first quarter.2.The price of oil topped out for the year.3.Gold prices plummet in South Africa.4.Pharmaxis shares plunge 52 per cent.5.India’s GDP bottomed out.6.Shares rally on Spanish auction.7.Bay Area home prices soar in buyer bidding wars.

Soar = to increase to a high level in a very short time

Plummet = to fall or drop straight down at high speed.

Rally = a sudden rise in stock prices

Pick up = to improve in condition or activity

PREPOSITIONS

1) Retail sales rose _____$1m _____$2m.

2) The index increased ____5% (from 10 to 15%)

3) The index increased ____5% (from 2%).

4) The company recorded a decrease _____5%.

5) The company expects a 5% increase

____sales.

6) Sales stood ____$1 m ____1998.

PREPOSITIONS

1) Retail sales rose from $1m to $2m.

2) The index increased by 5% (from 10 to 15%)

3) The index increased to 5% (from 2%).

4) The company recorded a decrease of 5%.

5) The company expects a 5% increase in sales.

6) Sales stood at $1 m in 1998.

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH.

1. Cijene su lagano narasle.

2. Vrijednost dionice je neznatno pala.

3. Kamatne stope su znatno porasle.

4. Cijene nekretnina su jako pale.

5. Vrijednost dionice je dosegla najnižu točku.

6. Cijena nafte se stabilizirala.

7. Prošle godine je cijena nafte dosegla najveću

vrijednost ikad.

• MK P. 88 A FINANCIAL NEWS REPORT

• MK P. 89 VOCABULARY

• HANDOUT (EXERCISES)