description of piezometer nests and water levels in … · bravo 1 and rio bravo 2 piezometer nests...

DESCRIPTION OF PIEZOMETER NESTS AND WATER LEVELS

IN THE RIO ORANDE VALLEyNEAR ALBUQUERQUE,

BERNALtLLO COUNTy, NEW MEXICO

By Scott K. Anderholm and Thomas F. Bullard

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 87-122

Prepared in cooperation with the

NEW MEXICO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT DIVISION

Albuquerque, New Mexico

1987

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information Copies of this report canwrite to: be purchased from:

District ChiefU.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological SurveyWater Resources Division Books and Open-File Reports Sectionpinetree Office Park Federal Center4501 Indian School Rd. NE, Suite 200 Box 25425Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110 Denver, Colorado 80225

CONTENTS

PageAbstract ............................................................. 1

Introduction.......................................................... 2

Purpose and scope ............................................... 2Acknowledgments ................................................. 2Drilling method and well construction ........................... 4Well development ................................................ 4

Description of piezometer nests ...................................... 6

Rio Bravo 1 ..................................................... 6Rio Bravo 2 ..................................................... 12Rio Bravo 3 ..................................................... 16Rio Bravo 4 ..................................................... 21MontaTio 1 ....................................................... 25Montano 2 ....................................................... 31Montano 3 ....................................................... 35Montano 4 ....................................................... 40

Water-level data ..................................................... 44

References ........................................................... 51

FIGURES

Figure 1. Map showing the location of the piezometer nests inthe Rio Grande valley near Albuquerque ................. 3

2. Schematic of piezometer construction. ..................... 5

3. Diagram of configuration of piezometers in the RioBravo 1 and Rio Bravo 2 piezometer nests ............... 9

4. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo1 piezometer nest ...................................... 10

5. Geophysical logs of the deepest borehole in theRio Bravo 1 piezometer nest ............................ 11

6. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo2 piezometer nest ...................................... 14

7. Geophysical logs of the deepest borehole in the RioBravo 2 piezometer nest ................................ 15

111

FIGURES - Continued

Page Figure 8. Diagram of configuration of piezometers in the

Rio Bravo 3 and Rio Bravo 4 piezometer nests ........... 18

9. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in the RioBravo 3 piezometer nest ................................ 19


11. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in the RioBravo 4 piezometer nest ................................ 23


13. Diagram of configuration of piezometers in theMontano 1 and Monta'no 2 piezometer nests ............... 28

14. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in theMontarfo 1 piezometer nest .............................. 29

15. Geophysical logs of the deepest borehole in theMonta'no 1 piezometer nest .............................. 30

16. Driller's log of the deepest borehole in theMontano 2 piezometer nest .............................. 33

17. Geophysical logs of the deepest borehole in theMonta'no 2 piezometer nest .............................. 34

18. Diagram of configuration of piezometers in theMonta'no 3 and Montano 4 piezometer nests ............... 37


20. Geophysical logs of the intermediate-depth boreholein the Montano 3 piezometer nest ....................... 39


22. Geophysical logs of the deepest borehole in theMontanb 4 piezometer nest .............................. 43

IV

FIGURES - Concluded

Figures 23-26. Water-level hydrographs of the:Page

23. Rio Bravo 1 and Rio Bravo 2 piezometernests ........................................... 45

24. Rio Bravo 3 and Rio Bravo 4 piezometernests ........................................... 46

25. Montario 1 and Montano 2 piezometer nests .......... 47

f\s

CONVERSION FACTORS

For the convenience of readers who prefer to use the International System of units (SI), conversion factors for terms used in this report are listed below:

Multiply inch-pound unit

inch foot mile

By

25.400.30481.609

To obtain SI unit

millimetermeterkilometer

Use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Sea level; In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called "Mean Sea Level of 1929."

VI

DESCRIPTION OF PIEZOMETER NESTS AND WATER LEVELS

IN THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY NEAR ALBUQUERQUE,

BERNALILLO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO

By Scott K. Anderholm and Thomas F. Bullard

ABSTRACT

Ground-water contamination in the Rio Grande valley near Albuquerque has been recognized by several authors, but prediction of the movement and fate of contamination has not been evaluated because of the poor understanding of the shallow ground-water flow system. Twenty-four piezometers were installed from mid-October 1984 to mid-January 1985 in two sections of the Rio Grande valley near Albuquerque. Each section is comprised of four piezometer nests and each nest is comprised of three piezometers completed at different depths. This report describes the piezometer nests and presents water-level data collected from the piezometers.

The piezometers were drilled using the hydraulic rotary method. Driller's logs, geophysical logs, and descriptions of well cuttings were made of a borehole at each piezometer nest. The piezometers were completed with 5 feet of 60-slot wire-wound stainless-steel well screen and flush-joint polyvinyl chloride well casing. Description of each piezometer nest consists of location; a figure showing the location, depth, altitude, and station- identification numbers of piezometers in each nest; and a driller's log, geophysical logs, and description of the well cuttings from a borehole in each piezometer nest.

Water levels were measured in each piezometer weekly from February through June 1985. During that period, water levels generally rose in the piezometers in the Rio Bravo Boulevard section but not in the Montano Road section. Water-level altitudes in piezometers completed at different depths in a particular nest are about the same in all of the Rio Bravo Boulevard nests and in the Montano 1 nest. In several of the piezometer nests, water- level altitudes decrease with depth, especially in the Montano nests.

INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Scope

Ground-water contamination in the Rio Grande valley near Albuquerque has been described by several authors (Hines, 1981; McQuillan, 1982), but prediction of the movement and fate of contamination has not been evaluated because of the poor understanding of the shallow ground-water flow system. Two sections comprised of four piezometer nests per section and three piezometers per nest were installed in the Rio Grande valley near Albuquerque to collect water-level data. These data may be used to investigate the interaction of the surface-water system with the shallow ground-water flow system.

The purpose of this report is to describe the piezometer nests and present water-level data that were collected from the piezometers. This includes a description of the location and depth of each piezometer; driller's logs, geophysical logs, and descriptions of well cuttings from a borehole at each piezometer nest; and water levels measured in each piezometer.

The two sections are along Montano Road and Rio Bravo Boulevard (fig. 1). The sections are approximately perpendicular to the Rio Grande. The piezometer nests are on right-of-way land of the New Mexico State Highway Department; Bernalillo County; City of Albuquerque; or the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District.

Acknowledgment s

Paul Meyers of the New Mexico State Highway Department; Becky Sandoval, Thomas Shafer, and Russell Givler of the City of Albuquerque; Manuel Chavez of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District; and David Ridgley of Bernalillo County were helpful in obtaining permission to drill piezometers on right-of- way land.

1

012345 KILOMETERS

Figure 1.--Location of the piezometer nests in the Rio Grande valley

near Albuquerque.

3

Drilling Method and Well Construction

The boreholes were drilled from mid-October 1984 to mid-January 1985 using the hydraulic rotary method. A 12.75-inch-diameter borehole was drilled for each piezometer. Samples of the material drilled were collected at 5-foot intervals during drilling of a borehole (generally the first borehole drilled) at each nest. The driller kept a log of his description of the materials drilled and the drilling rate. Geophysical logs were run on this borehole prior to installation of well casing. Geophysical logs and the driller's log were used to select permeable zones for the screened interval of the other piezometers in each nest. Red Devil drilling mud was used in the drilling of the boreholes; however, in several boreholes, drilling through clay beds resulted in thickened drilling fluids, so drilling mud was not needed after penetrating these clay beds. After reaching the total depth of each borehole, drilling fluids were circulated in the borehole and the viscosity of the drilling fluids was adjusted (generally the mud was thinned with water) to facilitate placement of the gravel pack. After the viscosity was adjusted and the borehole was logged, if necessary, the well casing and screens were installed. The well casing was 5-inch-diameter, schedule-80 flush-joint (threaded) PVC pipe. Glues or solvents were not used during installation of the casing and screens. Five feet of blank casing capped at the bottom (flush-tube extension) was installed below 5 feet of 60-slot, opening width 0.060 inch, wire-wound stainless-steel screen (fig. 2). This 5 feet of blank well casing was installed to trap sediment that passes through the gravel pack and well screen and into the well bore, thus preventing or delaying the plugging of the well screens by this material. After the casing and screens were set, the gravel pack, consisting of 1/2-inch-diameter washed rock, was emplaced in the annulus between the borehole and the casing using a tremie pipe to a level approximately 1 foot above the top of the well screen (fig. 2). Approximately 3 feet of silica sand or washed masonry sand was placed on top of the gravel pack using a tremie pipe. To prevent leakage of water along the annulus, at least 5 feet of cement grout was emplaced above the sand also using a tremie pipe. The rest of the annulus was backfilled to within 3 feet of land surface using heavy mud and fine-grained drill cuttings. A cement seal was placed at land surface to anchor the casing and seal the annulus from surface water (fig. 2). Centering devices were not used on the well casing to ensure an even gravel pack around the well screen.

Well Development

The piezometers were developed to remove drilling mud and fine-grained material in the aquifer adjacent to the screened interval. After the cement grout seals had cured, each piezometer was developed using an air compressor on the drill rig. Drill-stem or 1-inch-diameter PVC pipe was lowered to the bottom of the borehole and air was pumped down the drill stem or pipe. Specific conductance and amount of sediment in the produced water were monitored during development. Development was assumed to be completed when the specific conductance and amount of sediment in the water did not change. In several cases, water from the wells contained fine sand that possibly entered the well screen because of the lack of centering devices.

CEMENT GROUT

SURFACE SEAL

WIRE-WOUND STAINLESS-

STEEL SCREEN, 60-SLOT

S FEET

FLUSH-TUBE EXTENSION

S FEET

'///A V//

^

i^S$i%

:j§;i|:;:

I'M-

I*I*I*I

LAND SURFACE

CEMENT GROUT SEAL

5 FEET MINIMUM

FINE SAND

3 FEET

GRAVEL PACK

I I FEET

FEET

S ~

4 -

3 -

2 -

1 -

O 1 | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 2 4 6 8 10 INCHES

Figure 2.--Schematic of piezometer construction,

DESCRIPTION OF PIEZOMETER NESTS

The description of each piezometer nest consists of its location; a figure showing the location, depth, altitude, and station-identification number of piezometers in each nest; and a driller's log, geophysical logs, and description of the well cuttings from a borehole in each piezometer nest. The measuring-point altitude is the reference altitude from which depth to water is measured; the measuring point is the high point of the well casing and is within 1 foot of land surface. Altitudes were determined by surveying from bench marks to the measuring points. The station-identification number of each piezometer consists of the six-digit latitude, seven-digit longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The deepest piezometer in each nest has been assigned a sequence number of 01, the mid-depth piezometer 02, and the shallowest piezometer 03.

Lithologic logs were prepared from well-cutting samples collected at 5- foot intervals of a borehole in each piezometer nest. Descriptions of well cuttings were made in the office using a 14 X magnification binocular microscope. The following properties were determined and evaluated for each borehole: (1) Dry and moist colors, (2) grain size, (3) roundness and sorting of grains, (4) distinction of rock fragment types, (5) presence of clay film and colloidal stains, and (6) reaction to 10 percent hydrochloric acid. Dry and moist colors were determined with a standard rock color chart (National Research Council, 1948). Grain-size estimates were made using grain-size images and scales. Roundness and sorting of samples were evaluated visually, using roundness and sorting images (Krumbein and Sloss, 1956; Folk, 1974). Distinction of rock fragment types was based on textural characteristics and mineralogical constituents for individual rock fragments as viewed under 14 X magnification. Reaction of 10 percent hydrochloric acid indicates the presence or absence of calcium carbonate. The degree of effervescence is based on a relative scale as described by Birkeland (1974).

Rio Bravo 1

The Rio Bravo 1 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the east side of the Pajarito Lateral south of Rio Bravo Boulevard (latitude 35°01'37", longitude 106°41'05"). The piezometers are oriented approximately north-south and the deepest piezometer (148.5 feet) is the southern piezometer in the nest (fig. 3). The distance between the southern and middle piezometers is 14.3 feet and the distance between the middle and northern piezometers is 21.0 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 4 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 5. The description of well cuttings is in table 1.

Tablei. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 1 piezometer nest

[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; CaCOo, calcite; HCl, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

RIO BRAVO 1

Lithology

Depth intervalbelow land surface

(feet)

Silty sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d), fine- 0-15 to very coarse grained sand; subangular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose, milky, and yellow quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of feldspar, volcaniclastic, sandstone, basalt, and gneissic and granitic crystalline rock fragments; very thin, discontinuous iron-oxide stains and clay films on some grains; very weak effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 15 - 55 10YR 2/2 m), fine- to coarse-grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of scoria, mica, and gneissic rock fragments; granules and pebbles from 2 to 8 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and rose and milky quartzite and rose and milky quartz with lesser amounts of gneissic and granitic crystalline rock fragments, scoria, pumice, sandstone, and mica; very thin clay films on some grains; very weak effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 4/4 m), 55 - 65 very fine to coarse-grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear and smokey quartz with lesser amounts of pumice, mica, and gneissic and granitic grains; granules 2 to 3 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica, pyroclastic, and granitic clasts; very few thin, discontinuous clay films and some iron-oxide stains on some grains; weak to moderate effervescence to HCl.

Table 1. Lithologic description of veil cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 1 piezometer nest - Concluded

RIO BRAVO 1

Depth interval below land surface

Lithology (feet)

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; light-brown (SYR 6/4 d, 65 - 95 SYR 4/4 m) clay to coarse-grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, rose, and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, basalt, and granitic and metamorphic grains; pebbles up to 20 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, and metamorphic and granitic clasts; increasing abundance of metamorphic clasts with depth around 80 feet; very few thick, discontinuous grain coatings with clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1; weak cementing with CaCCU and clay is apparent.

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; light-brown (SYR 6/4 d, 95 - 120 SYR 4/4 m) clay to coarse-grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, smokey, and rose quartz with lesser amounts of metamorphic and granitic clasts and pyroclastic grains; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite; few thin, discontinuous clay and iron-oxide films on grains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl, some CaCCU coatings on grains, CaCO^ nodules 1 to 2 mm.

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 120 - 148.5 5YR 4/4 m) clay to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, volcanic, metamorphic, and granitic grains; pebbles up to 15 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz; very thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains, minor cementation of grains by iron oxide; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl increasing with depth.

RIO BRAVO I

SOUTH NORTH

4950 '-

4900 '-

-

4850 1 -

4800 '-

-

4750 1

ID 350137106410501 ID 350137106410502 ID 350137106410503

MP 4930. 88 MP 4930. 81 MP4930.58

TD 38 .

TD 103.8

TD 148.5

4

- 4950

- 4900

-

- 4850

-

- 4800

-

_ 47«?n

RIO BRAVO 2

WES

4950 '-,

4900 '-

-

4850 '-

-

4800 '-

4750'

T E

ID 350138106395501 ID 350138106395502 ID 350138106395503

MP4928.71 MP4928.84 MP4928.91

TD 4

TD 91.16

8.60

TD 1 53 . 53

AST

i- 4950

- 4900

-

- 4850

-

- 4800

i- 475 n

I 0 FEET

0 I

VERT I CAI_

DATUM

2 3 METERS

EXAGGERATION X

IS SEA LEVEL.

10

I D

MP

TD

EXPLANAT1 ON

STATION- I DENT 1FI CAT 1 ON NUMBER

MEASURING-PO1NT ALTITUDE (TOP OF CASING)

TOTAL DEPTH, IN FEET

Figure 3.--Configuration of piezometers in the Rio Bravo 1 and Rio Bravo 2

piezometer nests.

RIO BRAVO 1

DEPTH,IN

FEETSOIL DESCRIPTION

DRILLINGRATE,INFEET PERMINUTE

DEPTH,IN



\J

5 =

10 =

15 =

20 =

25:

30 =

35:

:

140:

145-

1 t;n =

SMALL GRAVEL LAYER

SILTY SAND WITH CLAY SMALL GRAVEL LAYER

GRAVELLY SAND

WITH SOME COBBLES

SILTY FINE SAND WITH CLAY

SILTY CLAY WITH SOME SAND

GRAVELLY SAND

GRAVELLY SAND

SILTY CLAY

SILTY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL

NO GRAVEL

WITH SOME GRAVEL

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL

OCCASIONAL COBBLES

WITH CLAY LAYERS

SILTY FINE SAND WITH CLAY

WITH GRAVEL


FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL AND CLAY

SILTY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL

0.4

0.5

1.7

0.7

0.4

1.0

0.2

0.6

1.4

0.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

Figure 4.--Driller's log

pi ezometer

of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 1

nest.

10

ELECTRIC LOG

UONG NORMAL-

SHORT NORMAU

10 OHMS PER DIVISION

Q tn

I 60

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20 OHMS PER

DIVISION

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gs of the

deepest borehole in

th

e Ri

o Bravo

1 piezometer ne

st

Rio Bravo 2

The Rio Bravo 2 piezometer nest is on the south side of Rio Bravo Boulevard (fig. 1), approximately 1,200 feet east of the east riverside drain (the Albuquerque Drain) along the Rio Grande (latitude 35°01'38", longitude 106°39'55"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (153.53 feet) is the western piezometer (fig. 3). The distance between the western and middle piezometers is 17.4 feet and the distance between the middle and eastern piezometers is 15.3 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 6 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 7. The description of well cuttings is in table 2.

Table 2. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 2 piezometer nest

[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; HCl, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

RIO BRAVO 2


Lithology (feet)

Clayey, silty sand; pale-brown (5YR 5/2 d, 5YR 3/4 m) 0-35 clay to medium- to coarse-grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, and basalt; pebbles to 12 mm composed of black quartzite and quartz; few thin, discontinuous clay films, locally thick; strong effervescence to HCl.

Silty, gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 35 - 80 5YR 3/4 m) silt to coarse-grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 20 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica, basalt, and granitic and metamorphic clasts; few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; some grain cementation by oxides; strong to violent effervescence to HCl.

12

Table 2. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 2 piezometer nest - Concluded

RIO BRAVO 2


Lithology (feet)

Silty, gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2 d, 80 - 115 5YR 5/6 m) silt to very coarse grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of smokey and clear quartz and brown and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 18 mm composed of black and brown quartzite, quartz, and granitic clasts; thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; strong effervescence to HC1.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 5YR 115 - 130 5/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose, milky, and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and metamorphic grains; granules and pebbles to 5 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz; thin, discontinuous clay films and some thin iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Silty, gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2 d, 130 - 153.5 5YR 6/4 m) silt to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and smokey quartz and black quartzite; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica and metamorphic and igneous clasts; thin, discontinuous clay films, some minor iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

13

RIO BRAVO 2

DEPTH,IN


DRILLING DEPTH, RATE,IN IN FEET PER FEET MINUTE

75

SOIL DESCRIPTION

u

5-

10 =

15 =

20 =

25 ~

30 =

35 =

4o ~

45 1

50 =

55 I

60 -

65:

70 :

75 :


WITH SAND

CLAYEY SILT WITH SAND


CLAYEY SILT

SILTY CLAY

WITH MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND

CLAYEY SAND

SANDY GRAVEL WITH FREQUENT COBBLES AND BOULDERS

SANDY GRAVEL WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS

COARSE SAND WITH GRAVEL AND COBBLES


GRAVELLY SAND WITH SOME COBBLES

1.0

2.0

3.2

5.01.0

1.6

6.2

1.4

3.0

4.0

0.8

1.2

2.0

1.0

1.8

2.6

DRILLINGRATE, INFEET PERMINUTE

90-

100

105 =

110-

115

120-

125

130

135

140

145 -

150

-

-

-

-

:

-

_

)-

-

^ -


CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL GRAVELLY SAND WITH SOME CLAY AND OCCASIONAL COBBLE

SANDY CLAY WITH SOME GRAVEL

CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL AND COBBLES

CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL AND \OCCASIONAL COBBLE

SILTY CLAY WITH SOME SAND AND GRAVEL

NO GRAVEL


GRAVELLY SAND WITH SOME CLAY

WITH OCCASIONAL COBBLE OR BOULDER




CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL WITH COBBLES

2.6

1.0

0.6 -1 0.5 L

1.0

1.5

10.0

14.0

2.5

2.0

1.0

0.5

1.0

1.3

Figure 6.--Driller's log of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 2

piezometer nest.

14

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE,

IN FEET

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Rio Bravo 3

The Rio Bravo 3 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the south side of Rio Bravo Boulevard west of the intersection of Rio Bravo Boulevard and 2nd Street (latitude 35°01'38", longitude 106°39'32"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (148.0 feet) is the eastern piezometer (fig. 8). The distance between the eastern and middle piezometers is 15.9 feet and the distance between the middle and western piezometers is 16.0 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 9 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 10. The description of well cuttings is in table 3.

Table 3. Lithplogic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 3 piezometer nest


RIO BRAVO 3


Lithology (feet)

Clayey, silty sand; medium-light-gray (N6 d, N4 m) silt 0-10 and clay to medium-grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly sorted; composed dominantly of quartz; strong effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; light-brownish-gray (SYR 6/2 d, SYR 4/1 m), 10 - 20 fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of pumice, mica/biotite, and metamorphic grains; granules to 4 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite with lesser amounts of pumice, mica, and metamorphic clasts; very few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; weak to moderate effervescence to HCl.

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown 20 - 30 (10YR 6/2 d, SYR 5/6 m) clay, fine silt, and medium- to coarse-grained sand; subangular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz with lesser amounts of pumice, mica, and volcanic glass; granules to 3 mm composed of black quartzite with some pumice; clay films and oxide stains not apparent; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

16

Table 3. Lithologic description of well cuttings frpm_ _the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 3 piezometer nest - Concluded

RIO BRAVO 3


Lithology ( feet)

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 30 - 90 10YR 4/2 m), very fine to very coarse grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of pumice, mica, and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 12 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of sandstone, pumice, gneissic and igneous crytalline clasts; very few discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 4/4 m), 90 - 125 very fine to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of pumice, mica, and granitic clasts; pebbles to 18 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, and granitic clasts; few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; yellowish-gray (5YR 8/1 d, 125 - 148 10YR 4/2 m) clay and silt to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and granitic clasts; pebbles to 12 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, and metamorphic and granitic clasts; moderate effervescence to HCl.

17

RIO BRAVO 3

WEST EAST

4950--1

4900 '-

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4850'-

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4800'-

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ID 350138106393203 ID 350138106393202 ID 350138106393201

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TD 49.33

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TD 149.4

ID 350135106390602

MP 4932 . 75

ID 350135106390603

MP 4932 . 81

TD 49 . 33

TD 124. 23

J ,-L1 0 FEET -I

3 METERS0 1 2

VERTICAL. EXAGGERATION X 10

DATUM 15 SEA LEVEL

EXPLANATION

1 D

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H- 4850

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4750

STATION- I DENT 1FI CAT ION NUMBER

MEASURING-PO1 NT ALTITUDE (TOP OF CASING)

TOTAL DEPTH, IN FEET

Figure 8.--Configuration of piezometers in the Rio Bravo 3 and Rio Bravo k

piezometer nests.

18

DEPTH,

IN SOIL DESCRIPTION

0

RIO BRAVO 3

DRILLING DEPTH, RATE,IN IN FEET PER FEET MINUTE

5-

10-

15-

20-

25

30

35

50;

55;

60.

65

70

75


FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH OCCASIONAL FINE GRAVEL LAYER


GRAVELLY SAND WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS

GRAVELLY SAND WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS

OCCASIONAL BOULDER OR COBBLE

FREQUENT COBBLE OR BOULDER

1.6

0.5

3.3

1.0

2.0

0.6

1.7

1.0

1.3

SOIL DESCRIPTIONDRILLINGRATE,INFEET PERMINUTE

/ 2

8n~

85=

90 Z

95 I

100 =

105-

110-

115"

120-

125"

130 =

135_

140-

145 =

1 c n _

GRAVELLY SAND WITH OCCASIONAL COBBLE OR BOULDER


SMALL CEMENTED LAYER

WITH SOME GRAVEL

CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL

SILTY CLAY

WITH SAND

GRAVELLY SAND



GRAVELLY SAND WITH OCCASIONAL SMALL CLAY LAYER

SILTY CLAY WITH SAND

WITH GRAVEL




GRAVELLY SAND WITH COBBLES

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH GRAVEL AND CLAY

1.3

1.5

2.5

1.2

1.8

4.0

2.3

2.0

5.4

1.5

1.7

Figure 9.--Dri11er's log of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 3

piezometer nest.

19

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Figure 10.--Geophysica1 logs of the

deepest

borehole in

th

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Brav

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piezometer ne

st

jlio Bravo 4

The Rio Bravo 4 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the south side of Rio Bravo Boulevard west of the intersection of Rio Bravo Boulevard and Prince Street (latitude 35°01'35", longitude 106°39'06"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (149.4 feet) is the western piezometer (fig. 8). The distance between the western and middle piezometers is 13.7 feet and the distance between the middle and eastern piezometers is 14.4 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 11 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 12. The description of well cuttings is in tab 1 e 4 .

Table 4. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 4 piezometer nest


RIO BRAVO 4

Lithology


(feet)

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 0-15 7/2 d, 5YR 5/2 m) clay, silt, and fine- to coarse- grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite; pebbles to 5 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite; very thin, discontinuous clay films; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 10YR 15 - 40 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with minor amount of mica; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica, sandstone, and volcanic clasts; few thin, discontinuous clay films; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

21

Table 4, Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 4 piezometer nest - Concluded

RIO BRAVO 4


Lithology (feet)

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 5YR 40 - 70 5/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of biotite and metamorphic clasts; pebbles to 23 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica and gneissic and granitic clasts; few very thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 10YR 70 - 130 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of biotite, pumice, and volcanic, metamorphic, and granitic clasts; pebbles to 10 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of mica and metamorphic, plutonic, and volcanic clasts; some mollusk shells from 105 to 110 feet; very few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Silty, gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 130 - 149.4 10YR 4/2 m) silt and fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of metamorphic grains; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz; shell material at 135 feet; very few thin, discontinuous clay films, some minor grain cementation by iron oxides; strong effervescence to HC1.

22

RIO BRAVO 4

DEPTH,

SOIL DESCRIPTIONDRILLING RATE,IN

FEET FEET PER MINUTEo ________________

ID-

20 1

25:

30 =

35 =

40

45:

50 =

55:

60 =

65:

70 =

7 5 : ... __


MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND


GRAVELLY SAND ,

SILTY SAND WITH SOME CLAY

SILTY CLAY


WITH BOULDERS

GRAVELLY SAND WITH FREQUENT COBBLES AND BOULDERS

FREQUENT COBBLES AND OCCASIONAL BOULDER

SILTY FINE SAND

GRAVELLY SAND WITH FREQUENT COBBLES AND OCCASIONAL BOULDER

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.5

1.0

1.6

1.2

1.2

2.0

1.0

0.7

DEPTH,IN



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~

90-

95 =

100 =

105 =

110 =

115 =

120-

125~

130-

135_

140 1

U5:

1 c n -

GRAVELLY SAND WITH FREQUENT COBBLES AND OCCASIONAL BOULDER


SANDY GRAVEL WITH FREQUENT COBBLES AND OCCASIONAL BOULDER


GRAVELLY SAND WITH FREQUENT COBBLES

OCCASIONAL SMALL CLAY LAYER

BOULDER

SILTY SAND WITH CLAY

GRAVELLY SAND WITH FREQUENT COBBLES

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH SOME SILT


SANDY SILT WITH SOME CLAY

CLAY SILT WITH SOME SAND

OCCASIONAL SMALL SAND LAYER


SMALL GRAVELLY LAYER

OCCASIONAL GRAVEL

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL, TRACE SILT AND CLAY

0.7

1.0

0.6

0.4

1.0

0.6

1.2

0.6

1.2

2.4

1.6

Figure 11.--Dri1ler's log of the deepest borehole in the Rio Bravo 4

piezometer nest.

23

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MontarTo 1

The Montano 1 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the north side of Montano Road east of the intersection of Monta'no Road and Taylor Ranch Road (latitude 35°08'54", longitude 106°40'37"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (152.0 feet) is the eastern piezometer (fig. 13). The distance between the eastern and middle piezometers is 15.3 feet and the distance between the middle and western piezometers is 15.6 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 14 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 15. The description of well cuttings is in table 5.

Table 5 Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Montano 1 piezometer nest

[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; CaCO^, calcite; HCl, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

MONTANO 1

Lithology


(feet)

Silty sand; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 5/2 m) silt and fine- to coarse-grained sand; subangular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, rose, and smokey quartz with lesser amounts of mica; thin, colloidal stains on some grains; moderate effervescence to HCl.

Sandy gravel; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 4/4 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of milky, clear, and smokey quartz, black quartzite, and basalt with lesser amounts of mica and granitic grains; pebbles to 5 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and pumice with lesser amounts of metamorphic and igneous clasts; very thin, discontinuous clay films and colloidal stains; moderate effervescence to HCl.

Clayey, sandy gravel; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 4/4-5/2 m) clay and fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of pumice, volcanic glass, and basalt; very thin, discontinuous clay films and colloidal iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl; some weak cementation of grains by CaCCs, CaCCU nodules 2 to 4 mm.

25

0-10

10 - 15

15 - 25

Table 5. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Montano 1 piezometer nest - Continued

MONTANO 1


Lithology ( feet)

Sandy gravel; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 5YR 5/2 m), 25 - 50 fine- to coarse-grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of smokey, rose, and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and basalt; pebbles to 15 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and volcanic clasts (basalt, andesite) with lesser amounts of quartz, metamorphic clasts, pumice, volcanic glass, and volcanics; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Sandy gravel; light-brown to pale-yellowish-brown 50 - 55 (5YR 6/4 to 10YR 6/2 d, 5YR 5/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of basalt, pumice, perlite, mica, feldspar, and metamorphic clasts; granules to 4 mm composed of basalt, andesite, and quartzite; very few thin, discontinuous clay films and colloidal oxide stains; weak to moderate effervescence to HC1.

Sandy gravel; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 55 - 80 10YR 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, pumice, basalt, and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 7 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of basalt, sandstone, granite, and metamorphic clasts; few very thin, discontinuous clay films; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

26

Table 5. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Montano 1 piezometer nest - Concluded

MONTANO 1


Lithology (feet)

Silty, clayey, gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink 80 - 95 (5YR 7/2 d, 5YR 4/4 m), clayey silt to very coarse grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica and feldspar; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz; few thin, discontinuous clay films and minor iron-oxide stains and minor cementation of grains; strong effervescence to HC1, CaCOo nodules to 3 mm.

Gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2 d, 95 - 120 5YR 6/5-4/2 m), fine- to coarse-grained sand; subangular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, smokey, rose, and milky quartz with lesser amounts of black quartzite, pumice, mica, basalt, and andesite clasts; pebbles to 15 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of basalt and metamorphic clasts; few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide coatings; strong effervescence to HC1.

Gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2 d, 120 - 152 5YR 5/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of yellow, rose, and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, felsic volcanics; pebbles to 5 mm composed of black quartzite and quartz; few very thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

27

MONTANO 1

WEST EAST

5000 ' -

4950 1 -

-

4900 ' -

-

4850' -

1 D 3508541 06403703 1 D 35 085 4 I 06 40 37 02 tD 35 0854 I 0640370 I

MP 4975.08 MP 4975.58 MP 4975.52

TD 18.41

TD 93.40

TD I 52 .0

r- 5000'

- 4950 '

-

- 4900 1

^- 4850'

- dftnn

MONTANO 2WEST

5000' -

4950' -

U QD

« 4900 ' ~I-J<

4850' -

4800 ' -

ID 350836 I 0639560 I

MP 4970 . 17

TD 1 47 .4

(

(

EAST

1D350836I06395602 1D350836I06395603

MP 4970. 07 MP 4969.84

TD 39.7

TD 99.0

1 10 FEET1 1 1 1 i

1 1 I 3123 METERS

r- 5000

- 4950

- 4900

- 4850

- 4800

VERTICAL. EXAGGERATION X 10 DATUM IS SEA LEVEL.

ID STATION

MP MEASURI

EXPLANAT ION

-IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

NG-POINT ALTITUDE (TOP OF CASING)

TD TOTAL DEPTH, IN FEET

Figure 13. Configuration of piezometers in the Montano 1

and Montano 2 piezometer nests.

28

MONTANO 1

DEPTH, UK.LL.INb

IN SOIL DESCRIPTION rrlHcBFEET FEET PER

MINUTEo q

5 =

-10-

15 =

-o r\20

25 =

30-

35:

40 =

45 :

50^

55 =

60 =

65 =

70 =

75 :

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND, BROWN

CLAY


CLAYEY MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND

CLAY WITH SOME SAND

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH SOME CLAY


WITH COARSE GRAVEL

WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS

FINE TO COARSE GRAVEL WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS

MEDIUM SAND WITH FINE GRAVEL

0.5

9.0

3.0

'4.0

1.0

2.0

2.5

14.0

2.4

, N FEET

DRILLING

SOIL DESCRIPTION FEET'PERMINUTE

/ .?

Qn ~"

85=

90-

95 I

100=

105 =

110 =

115 =

120 =

12S~

130 =

1351

140 =

145 =

1 en -

MEDIUM SAND WITH FINE TO COARSE GRAVEL

WITH THIN CLAY LAYERS

CLAYEY SAND

WITH SOME GRAVEL

SANDY CLAY

CLAYEY SAND

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH GRAVEL AND CLAY

GRAVELLY SAND WITH TRACE OF CLAY


GRAVELLY SAND


OCCASIONAL CLAY LAYER

CLAY WITH SAND AND GRAVEL

WITH SILT

2.4

5.5

1.0

1.4

2.6

1.0

1.6

Figure 14.--Dri11er's log of the deepest borehole in the MontarTo 1

piezometer nest.

29

LO

O

ELE

CT

RIC

LO

G

SH

OR

T

NO

RM

AL

. (S

N)

UO

NG

N

OR

MA

U

(UN

J

20

O

HM

S

PE

R

D I

V I

S

I O

N5

0l

60

80

10

0

120

140

160

18

0

- m i S

=S

5-̂^ sr =t

^

~1 F^ v

^ i^

=4 ^ t=

uZ^S

lo

=4 fe==

t=i=

= =

LA

TE

RA

LO

G

20 O

HM

S

PE

R

DIV

IS

IO

N

40

60

80

100

120

14

0

1 60

= ^

= . "

=

r^

|

J

=d

=n

|

=

s=\

= =

I ==t

= ==

^=1

fca t=

SP

ON

TA

NE

OU

S

PO

TE

NT

IAL

(S

P)

60

0 M

IL.U

IVO

L.T

S

PE

R

DIV

ISIO

NI

I I

GA

MM

A

(G)

COUNTS PER

SECOND

20

40

60

SIN

GL

E-P

OIN

T

RE

SIS

TIV

ITY

(R

)

20

O

HM

S

PE

RD

I

V I

S

I

ON

12 I

CA

LI

PE

R

INC

HE

S

(DIA

ME

TE

R)

14

16

18

20

Figu

re 15.--Geophysical logs of

the

deepest

borehole in

the

Montano

1 piezometer nest.

Montaifo 2

The Montario 2 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the north side of MontaTio Road east of the intersection of Montano Road and Rio Grande Boulevard (latitude 35°08'36", longitude 106°39'56"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (147.4 feet) is the western piezometer (fig. 13). The distance between the western and middle piezometers is 16.8 feet and the distance between the middle and eastern piezometers is 16.1 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 16 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 17. The description of well cuttings is in table 6.

Table 6. Lithologic description of well cuttings from the deepest borehole in the Montano 2 piezometer nest

[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; CaCCs, calcite; HCl, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

MONTANO 2


Lithology (feet)

Clayey, silty, gravelly sand; grayish-orange-pink 0-10 to pale-brown (5YR 7/2 to 5YR 5/2 d, 5YR 3/2 m) clay and silt to fine-grained sand; angular to rounded, moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with some mica present; pebbles to 5 mm composed of quartzite and volcanic and plutonic clasts; strong effervescence to HCl,

nodules to 2 mm.

Gravelly sand; pale-brown (5YR 5/2 d, 5YR 2/2 m) , fine- 10 - 40 to coarse-grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of smokey, rose, and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of basalt, obsidian, pumice, mica, and granitic and metamorphic grains; granules to 4 mm composed of black quartzite, basalt, and quartz; few very thin, discontinuous clay films; weak to moderate effervescence to HCl.

Sandy gravel; pale-brown (5YR 5/2 d, 5YR 3/2 m) , very 40 - 80 fine to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, rose, milky, and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, pumice, and granitic and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 6 mm composed dominantly of black and brown quartzite and rose quartz with lesser amounts of sandstone, basalt, metamorphic, and granitic clasts; minor iron-oxide stains on grains; weak effervescence to HCl.

31


MONTANO 2

Lithology


(feet)

Gravelly sand; light-brown (5YR 6/4 d, 10YR 4/2 tn), 80 - 95 fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of feldspar, basalt, tnetamorphic, and plutonic fragments; granules to 4 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite, basalt, and quartz with lesser amounts of granitic and metamorphic fragments; few thin, discontinuous clay films and minor iron-oxide stains on grains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

Sandy gravel; brownish-gray (5YR 4/1 d, 5YR 3/2 m), 95 - 120 fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of feldspar, mica, metamorphic, and volcanic fragments; pebbles to 12 mm composed dominantly of black and brown quartzite, quartz, and basalfwith lesser amounts of sandstone, metamorphic, granitic, and andesitic clasts; few very thin, discontinuous clay films and minor iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 120 - 147.4 10YR 4/2 m), very fine to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of clear, rose, yellow, and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of feldspar, mica, granitic, and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 10 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of metamorphic, granitic, andesitic, and sandstone clasts; minor iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HCl.

32

MONTANO 2

DEPTH, IN SOIL DESCRIPTION

FEET

DRILLING DEPTH RATE, IN | N ' FEET PER FEET MINUTE

DRILLING

SOIL DESCRIPTION FEET'PERMINUTE

\J -

c

10 =

15 =

20-

25:

30 =

35:

40"

50 =

55 =

60-

65:

70 =

75 :

s^SANDY CLAY WITH SILT

SILTY FINE SAND WITH

SILTY CLAY

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND W COBBLE

COBBLE AND BOULDER

WITH SOME GRAVEL

WITH BOULDERS

GRAVEL

ITH OCCASIONAL

LAYER


FREQUENT BOULDERS

SANDY GRAVEL WITH COBBLES


SANDY GRAVEL WITH COBBLES AND OCCASIONAL CLAY LAYER

COBBLE AND BOULDER LAYER

CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME FINE GRAVEL

1.0

3.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

4.0

,.*

1.0

0.2

0.8

1.0

/ J

80-

Qc~o5_

90 Z

95 I

100 =

105"

110~

115-

120-

125 =

130 =

135 =

140:

i45 =

1 en

CLAYEY SAND WITH SOME FINE GRAVEL

SI LTV CLAY

GRAVELLY SAND

WITH COBBLES AND BOULDERS


BOULDER LAYER

GRAVELLY SAND

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH GRAVEL AND OCCASIONAL COBBLE


MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH GRAVEL

WITH COBBLES

CLAYEY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH GRAVEL AND OCCASIONAL COBBLE

0.4

0.8

1.0

2.0

1.0

1.6

1.0

2.0

1.0

Figure l6.--Dri1ler's log of the deepest borehole in the Montano 2

piezometer nest.

33

ELECTRIC LOG

L.ON G NORMA U

SHORT NORMAL.


LATERALOG

5 OHMS PER

DIVISION

SPONTANEOUS

POTENT IAL

{ SP)

100 MILL. I

VOLTS

PER DI VISION

I I

I

GAMMA (G)

SINGLE-POINT

COUNTS PER RESISTIVITY (R)

SECOND

20OHMS PER

204060

D

I V I

S

I ON

CALI PER

INCHES (DIAMETER)

10

1

2

11

, uL

,,rri

tTi

2 01 I

t fj|j

' ]

JT

't" \i

'-If

40

: 1

I

- j

: tt 'ft

: : |

!

60

ill

' i|:

i::

^ :|

' !

'ji:

I

so f

";:|:

g |

: ::

: If

l "

^ I

] 0

0

- : ::

:

; :

120

; "

; -

; ;

: : ]:

;;; ;;

l 40 il

;:;;

; i

1 |

I;;

:: ;

, 5 0

IS

ffllf

flMllM

fPS

filff

ira

fil

4

16

18

L_

1 i

j JJ

i i

'j

r I

* 1

:" '

. :

1 I

: : :

-:.::

:

: :

| :v

: . I

::

::::

: ::

:

L -:

:

ft

::: :

1-

:

:

1

.::':':.

: :

:. :::::::£

:

Figure 17

.--G

eoph

ysic

al logs of

the

deep

est

borehole in

th

e Montano 2

piezometer ne

st.

Montano 3

The Montano 3 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the south side of Montano Road approximately 900 feet west of the intersection of Montano Road and Guadalupe Trail (latitude 35°08'27", longitude 106°39'13"). The piezometers are oriented approximately east-west and the deepest piezometer (149.8 feet) is the middle piezometer (fig. 18). The distance between the western and middle piezometers is 17.3 feet and the distance between the middle and eastern piezometers is 21.1 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 19 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 20. The description of well cuttings is in table 7.


[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; CaCO.,, calcite; HCl, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

MONTANO 3

Lithology


(feet)

Clayey, silty sand; grayish-orange-pink (5YR 7/2 d, 5YR 5/2 m) silt and clay to medium-grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz and quartzite; strong effervescence to HCl, CaCCs nodules to 2 mm.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d,5YR 5/2) silt to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, pumice, basalt, and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 5 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of metamorphic, sandstone, and basalt clasts; strong effervescence to HCl, CaCO^, coats some clasts, cements some grains, and as nodules to 2 mm.

0-15

15 - 45

35


MONTANO 3

Lithology


(feet)

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 10YR 45 - 85 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, pumice, metamorphic, and plutonic grains; pebbles to 8 mm composed dominantly of black and brown quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of sandstone, granitic, and metamorphic clasts; few thin, discontinuous clay films and colloidal iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Silty, clayey, gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown 85 - 135 (10YR 7/2 d, 10YR 5/2 m) silt and clay to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, metamorphic, and volcanic fragments; pebbles to 15 mm composed dominantly of black and brown quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of sandstone, metamorphic, and granitic clasts; few colloidal iron-oxide stains; strong effervescence to HC1, CaCO^ nodules 1 to 2 mm.

Gravelly sand; light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 135 - 149 10YR 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of metamorphic and granitic grains; pebbles to 12 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite with lesser amounts of quartz and granitic clasts; very few thin, discontinuous clay films and iron-oxide stains; strong to violent effervescence to HC1.

36

MONTANO 3

WEST

5000'I

4950 1 -

4900' ~

4850'-

4800

ID 350827106391303

MP 4972 .32

ID 350827106391301

MP 4972 . 33

TD 149.8

ID 350827106391302

MP 4972.49

EASTr- 5000

TD 99. 0

H- 4950

- 4900

4850

4800

SOUTH

5000 ' -1

4950' -

4900' -

4850 1 ~

4800

ID 350821106383701

MP 4975.01

MONTANO 4

ID 350821106383702

MP 4974 .00

ID 350821106383703

MP 4974.68

NORTH

r- 5000

TD 131.5

TD 50.2

- 4950

- 4900

- 4850

4800

I 0 FEET

1 D

MP

TD

0123 METERS

VERTICAL. EXAGGERATION X 10 DATUM IS SEA LEVEL.

EXPLANATION

STAT1 ON- 1 DENT 1 F1 CAT 1 ON NUMBER

MEASUR1NG-POINT ALTITUDE (TOP OF CASING)

DEPTH, IN FEETTOTAL

Figure 18.--Configuration of piezometers in the Montano 3 and Montano

piezometer nests.

37

MONTANO 3

DEPTH,IN



DEPTH, N



u

5-

10 =

15 =

20-

2 5l

30 =

35 1

40 =

45^

50 I

55 =

60=

65:

70-

~IC -

\. SILTY CLAY

CLAYEY SILT WITH SOME SAND


SAND WITH SOME SILT PLUS CLAY

SAND WITH GRAVEL

GRAVELLY SAND

WITH COBBLES

WITH BOULDERS

FREQUENT BOULDERS

SAND WITH GRAVEL, FREQUENT COBBLES AND BOULDERS

CLAYEY SAND

GRAVELLY SAND WITH COBBLES AND CLAY

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.4

2.0

0.6

/ J

ou

8S=-

90-

__

95--

100 =

-105 =

110 =

115 =

120 =

125 =

130-

135_

140 =

145-

1 CA -




INTERBEDDED CLAY LENSES

GRAVELLY SAND WITH COBBLES AND CLAY

SOME CLAY

SILTY SAND WITH SOME CLAY AND GRAVEL

SILTY SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL AND CLAY

SAND WITH SOME CLAY AND GRAVEL

WITH COBBLES

CLAYEY SAND WITH GRAVEL AND COBBLES

SAND WITH SOME CLAY AND GRAVEL

DECREASING CLAY CONTENT

INCREASING CLAY CONTENT

GRAVELLY SAND WITH SILT AND CLAY


WITH BOULDERS

^ 0.6 y0.4

0.6

0 .0

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.6

U . o

1.2

1.6

1.0

Figure 19.--Dri1ler's log of the deepest borehole in the Montanb 3

piezometer nest.38

SPONTANEOUS

POTENTIAL ( SP

I 00 MILLI VOLTS PER D i V IS I ON

I_____I____I

UJ

< ° \u.D "V)

Q H 40 Z UJ < UJ J U. 60

9 Z 0 - 80Jhi CD

100

I£ 120 -UJ Q

GAMMA ( G )

COUNTS PER SECON O

20 40 60< J J

ii

t

-1

UJ

L

i

i.

":|-

t,. -^-.-3

j l

; ?

:.5

q:r'^ G

*a~] "

:i

' i i

iVfc',

-^- Srv

~r

J.J

jC"

:ii!

: i;.'

-f-

-,.

S 1 NGLE-PO 1 NT RES 1 ST 1 VI TY ( R )

20 OHMS PER

D 1 V 1 S 1 ON1 1 1

':\

sT^

"/

I

"̂^

-~.

Jsr,-C'

i :; '

fH^; i : : '':''{ "

' \:,.

T' "i*

^r

"tt

Montano 4

The Montano 4 piezometer nest (fig. 1) is on the south side of Montano Road and on the west side of the Harwood Lateral (latitude 35°08'21", longitude 106°38'37"). The piezometers are oriented approximately north-south and the deepest piezometer (131.5 feet) is the southern piezometer (fig. 18). The distance between the southern and middle piezometers is 17.5 feet and the distance between the middle and northern piezometers is 16.4 feet. The driller's log is shown in figure 21 and the geophysical logs are shown in figure 22. The description of well cuttings is in table 8.


[d, dry; m, moist; mm, millimeters; CaCOo, calcite; HC1, 10 percent hydrochloric acid]

MONTANO 4

Lithology


(feet)

Clayey, silty sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 0-10 10YR 4/2 m) silt and clay to very fine grained sand; angular to subrounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of quartz with lesser amounts of mica and quartzite; strong effervescence to HC1, CaCO-> nodules to 2 mm.

Gravelly sand; dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 5YR 10 - 25 3/4 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, pumice, granitic, and metamorphic grains; granules to 4 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of metamorphic and granitic clasts; few very thin, discontinuous clay films; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2 d, 10YR 25 - 55 4/2 m), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to rounded, poorly to well sorted; composed dominantly of rose and milky quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, basalt, and metamorphic grains; pebbles to 5 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of metamorphic, granitic, basalt, and volcanic clasts; minor iron-oxide stains and cementation; weak to moderate effervescence to HC1.

40


MONTANO 4


Lithology (feet)

Gravelly sand; pale-yellowish-brown (10YR6/2 d, 10YR 55 - 131.5 4/2 ra), fine- to very coarse grained sand; angular to well rounded, poorly to moderately sorted; composed dominantly of rose, milky, and smokey quartz and black quartzite with lesser amounts of mica, feldspar, basalt, granitic, metamorphic, and sandstone grains; pebbles to 10 mm composed dominantly of black quartzite and quartz with lesser amounts of basalt, sandstone, granitic, metamorphic, and volcanic clasts; few very thin, discontinuous clay films and some iron-oxide stains; moderate to strong effervescence to HC1.

41

MONTANO 4

DEPTH,IN



DEPTH,IN



u -

5 I

10-

15 =

20 =

25 --

30 I

35 =

4o =

45 1

50 =

55:

60-

bb~

70-

75

SILTY CLAY WITH SAND

CLAYEY SILT

GRAVELLY FINE TO MEDIUM SAND

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND

WITH COBBLES

SANDY GRAVEL WITH COBBLES

^ SAND


FREQUENT BOULDERS

OCCASIONAL COBBLE OR BOULDER

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH SOME GRAVEL ANO SILTWITH CLAY


1.0

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.2

0.6

1.8

2.0

0.8

1.3

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.5

/ J

On~~

85=

95 =

100 =

105"

110"

115-j

120-

125~

130 =

135_

140^

145 :

1 en


NO COBBLES OR BOULDERS

WITH COBBLES

SILTY SAND

WITH GRAVEL

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND

WITH GRAVEL AND COBBLES

MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND WITH GRAVEL BOULDER LAYER

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH SOME CLAY

GRAVELLY SAND

GRAVELLY SAND WITH CLAY

FINE TO MEDIUM SAND WITH CLAY

WITH SOME GRAVEL

WITH SOME CLAY


WITH COBBLES

SILTY CLAY


0.5

0.6

1.8

0.6

0.4

0.8

0.6

1.0

1.5

0.8

0.4

1.0

1.U

1.6

0.8

Figure 21 .--Dri 1 ler' s log of the deepest borehole in the MontarYo 4

piezometer nest.

42

u>

ELECTRIC LOG

LONG NORMA L

SHORT NORMAL

1 0 OHMS PER DIVISION

LATERALOG

10 OHMS PER

DIVISION

60

80

T 0

0

120

140

160

I E*

|

T±==

4 L=J ^rfe

1 t

'

1

GAMMA (G)

COUNTS PER

SECOND

20

40

60

SP

ON

TA

NE

OU

S

PO

TE

NT

IAL

(S

P)

50

M IL

L I

VO

LT

S

PE

R

DI

V IS

ION

I I

I

SIN

GL

E-P

OI

NT

RE

S IS

TI V

ITY

(

R )

2 0

O

HM

S

PE

R

DIV

IS

IO

N

tn i e

o

10

CA

L I

PE

RIN

CH

ES

(D

IAM

ET

ER

] 12

14

16

Fig

ure

2

2.-

-Ge

op

hysic

a1

lo

gs

of

the

d

ee

pe

st

bo

reh

ole

in

th

e°M

on

tan

o

k p

iezo

me

ter

nest.

WATER-LEVEL DATA

Water levels were measured in the piezometers at approximately 1-week intervals from February through June 1985. Water-level hydrographs of the data collected from each piezometer are shown in figures 23 through 26. Water levels generally rose in piezometers in the Rio Bravo section. This general rise in water levels did not occur in piezometers in the Montario Road section. Water-level altitudes in piezometers completed at different depths in a particular nest are about the same in the Rio Bravo piezometer nests and Monta'no 1 nest. In several of the piezometer nests, water levels generally decrease with depth, especially in the MontaTio nests (figs. 25 and 26).

Hydrologic sections of the Rio Bravo and Monta'no piezometer nests are shown in figures 27 and 28. Water levels in piezometers screened at approximately the same altitude are at approximately the same altitude in the Rio Bravo section (fig. 27). In the Montanb section, water levels in wells screened at approximately the same altitude generally are lower in the eastern piezometers (Montano 3 and 4) than in the western piezometers (Montano 1 and 2) (fig. 28).

44

WATER-LEVEL ALTITUDE,

IN FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL

ID C -1 n> -

D O

o UD o

oo T

Ol < o ro

o tn n TJ O o s TJ r n -t o z

_ z H m a z m O » > H n o o z TJ r n -i

m X > r r o « o o s TJ r n H O Z

RIO BRAVO 34920

4919 -

4918 -

W 4917 -

4916 -

491FEBRUARY

RIO BRAVO4922

4920 -

La4918

U

* 4916

4.914

4912 I I I I I I I I

I I I I I

£=gE=3==^

\ IIFEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

1985

EXPLANAT ION

SHALLOW COMPLETION

A INTERMEDIATE COMPLETION

Q DEEP COMPLETION

JUNE

[tillJUNE

Figure 2k. --Water-1evel hydrographs of the Rio Bravo 3 and Rio Bravo

piezometer nests.

46

MONTANO 14971

4966 III I I l I IAPRI L

1985

MAY JUNE

4960 I 1 1 TMONTANO 2i i i i i i r

4955 -

4950 -

FEBRUARY JUNE

EXPLANATI ON

SHALLOW COMPLETION


Q DEEP COMPLETION

Figure 25.--Water-1evel hydrographs of the Montano 1 and Montano 2

piezometer nests.

47

4952 I I

4950 -

4948 -

4946 -

4944 _

MONTANO 3 n r

49421 I IFEBRUARY JUNE

MONTANO4944

4943 -

UI

UI

i 4942

UI

* 4941

4940

4939 I I I

i i i r

I I I I I

iifri

t t i i i

r i

I \ I

FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

1985EXPLANAT I ON

SHALLOW COMPLETION


Q DEEP COMPLETION

JUNE

Figure 26.--Water-1evel hydrographs of the Montano 3 and Montano

piezometer nests.

48

RIO BRAVO I RIO BRAVO 2 RIQ BRAVO 4

WEST

4 9 3 0 '-

4900'-

487 O 1

WEST EAST RIVERSIDE RIVERSIDE RIO BRAVO 3

DRAIN DRAIN ... ^ ' 1 LAND SURF^i^- 1

WATER LEVEL

j -r~-^- SCREENED

I NTERVAL 1

E

EAST

- 49301

4900'

-4870'

4930 1-

4900'-

4850'-

4800'

SHALLOW WELLS

2

_

i

INTERMEDIATE WELLS

4930 1-,

4900'-

Ul QD 1- 48501-

HJ

4800 1-

4 7 7 O1-

1 1 ^-

5i

s=

DEEP WELLS

0 0.5 1 M I LE1 . 1 ...... I

I 0 0.5 I KILOMETER

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 41

DATUM IS SEA LEVEL

-4930'

-4900'

- 4850 1

4800'

i- 4930'

-4900'

-4850'

-4800 1

4770'

Figure 27.--Hydrologic sections of the Rio Bravo piezometers, January 15, 1985

49

MONTANO 1

WEST

RIVERSIDE

MONTANO 2 MONTANO 3 MONTANO 4

EAST

R I VERS I DE

we. s T

4975'-i

4950'-

4925'-

490 0'

r i AND SURFACE _____

WATER LEVEL

_-. SCREENED

_f 1 NTERVAL 1 : :

EAST

- 4975'

- 4950'

- 4925'

SHALLOW WELLS

4975'-

4950'-

g 4925'-

Dh- 4900'-

J

4875 1-

' \

:

: =

=

- 4975'

- 4950'

- 4925'

- 4900'

^ 4875'

n a c nl4 o Z) U - - f o ij v

INTERMEDIATE WELLS

4 9 7 5 '^

4950'-

4925'-

U

§ 4900'-

h

H 4875,'-

4850 1 -

4825'-

4800'-

r ~

(

C

^

r~~~ ~~~~~

I

£

DEEP WELLS

r- 4975 1

- 4950'

-4925'

- 4900 1

4875'

- 4850'

4825'

- 4800'

3 0.5 1 M 1 LE1 I

1 1 ) 0.5 I K 1 UOMETER

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 41

DATUM IS SEA LEVEL

description of piezometer nests and water levels in … · bravo 1 and rio bravo 2 piezometer nests...

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