desiccation locusts and beetles presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Desiccation Resistance Mechanisms in the Desert Locust
and Desert BeetleApril Irums and Alexa Mogle
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What is Desiccation?●
It is a process in which an organism experiences extreme loss of water and appears to be drying out or is dried out completely.
- Desert Locust
- Desert Beetle
http://www.pd4pic.com/cartoon-bugs-bug-insect-beetle-insects-scarab.html
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Desiccation Resistance Mechanisms of the Schistocerca
gregaria
Water, Nutrient, and Behavioural Adaptations
http://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/2012/09/25/the-locust-swarm
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Schistocerca gregariaThe desert Locust
(Showler, 1996)
Recession area
Invasion area
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Epidermal Water Loss
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs)• Waterproofing of
the epidermis
• Research suggests chemical functions
(Chung and Carroll, 2015)
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Nutrient UptakeConcurrent Flows Water Movements and Nutrient Absorption in the Locust Midgut
(Dow, 1987)
Counter-current system• Used during extreme nutrient deprivation• Maximizes nutrient absorption• Use of amaranth dye
http://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/2012/09/25/the-locust-swarm
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Nutrient UptakeAn Experiment
AbbreviationsCr: cropAC: anterior caecaPC: posterior caecaAM: anterior midgutMM: middle midgutPM: posterior midgut Il: IleumRe: rectum
(Dow, 1987)
Figure 1: Observed dye density of fluid from alimentary tracts of fed and starved Schistocerca gregaria.
Starved locusts
Fed locusts
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Nutrient UptakeAn Experiment
Movement of ions, water and nutrients within the alimentary canal of the locust
a) Fed Locusts• Caeca supplied with
nutrient rich fluid • Solid and excess fluid
move along midgut
b) Starved Locusts• Fluid from Malpighian
tubules moves anterior• Digest nutrients into
caeca• Re-absorption
(Dow, 1987)
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Behavioural ChangesLife Phases
Solitarius• Solitary• During times of low
nutrients, following drought• Slow moving • No Flight capabilities
Gregarious • Swarms• Follow influx of rain and
nutrients• Fast moving• Flight
("Locust handbook: 2. Desert Locust-Schistocerca gregaria: Life cycle", 2016)
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Tenebrionid BeetlesThe Desert Beetle
-Arid Climate
-Annual rainfall of ~ 1.4 cm
-Several different species of desert beetle
http://www.in-the-desert.com/insects.html
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Components of Water Loss
(Ahearn, 1970)
-Major components of water loss include faecal production, transpiration (evaporation) , and the release of Quinone droplets
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Avenues of Water Loss Thorax
Figure 1: Areas of water loss in tenebrionid beetles.
Abdominal Region
Anus
(Ahearn, 1970)
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Dehydration and Rehydration Experiment
Figure 2: The effects of dehydration and hydration on the % of original weight of Physadesmia globosa.
Allowed to Rehydrate
-Rapid weight loss in the absence of water (dehydration).
-Increase in weight in the presence of water (rehydration).
(Naidu, 2001)
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Dehydration and Rehydration Experiment
Figure 3: Lipid content showed a strong negative correlation.
Figure 4: Haemolymph volume declined.
(Naidu, 2001)
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Desiccation Resistance1. Spiracles remain Closed
2. Discontinuous Gas Exchange
3. Fog-Basking Behaviour
(Zachariassen, 1996)
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Desiccation Resistance Mechanisms of Tenebrionid Beetles
Fog Basking behaviour
(Zachariassen, 1996)
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SignificanceUnderstanding desiccation resistance mechanisms:
• Strategies for population control
• Modulate species invasions
• Fog-basking design in Tenebrionid beetles
https://www.gettyimages.ca/search?q=l9t
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Thanks For Listening!