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79International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882

Volume 3 Issue 1, April 2014

Design and Construction of Microcontroller Based Wireless RemoteControlled Industrial Electrical Appliances

Using ZigBee Technology

Lu Mai1, Min Zaw Oo2

1,2Department of Electronic Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay

ABSTRACTIndustrial automations which are mostly depend uponthe power systems & which requires distance controlledand regulated systems. Wireless technology which meetsto cost, speed and distance will always be a point of aninterest for research. This research proposesmicrocontroller based wireless remote controlled forelectric systems parameters like voltage and currentusing ZigBee technology. PIC16F877A controller isused in a predominant way because it is rich inperipherals and hence many devices can be interfaced atease, it is also very cheap and can be easily assembledand programmed. The PIC controller controls thedevices and sends the sensor values to the PC via ZigBeemodule. Although Bluetooth is better than ZigBee fortransmission rate, ZigBee has lower power consumption.Hence, ZigBee is generally used for 24 hours monitoringof communication transmission systems. Its main featureis its use of the ZigBee protocol as the communicationmedium between the transmitter and receiver modules. Itillustrates that the new ZigBee standard performs wellindustrial environments.

Keywords – Microcontroller; wireless control network;ZigBee.

I. INTRODUCTION

The goal of the paper is to achieve intelligent devicecontrol and secure environmental working conditions byinterfacing various sensors and devices to thePIC16F877A microcontroller and ZigBee modules withthe PIC controller for data transmission respectively.Wireless based industrial automation is a prime concernin our day-to-day life. Industrial automations depend onthe power systems and which requires distance controland regulated systems. Wireless Control Networks(WCNs) have revolutionized the design of emergingembedded systems and triggered a new set of potential

applications. In addition to building automation,environmental surveillance, or military operationsIndustrial automation is also expected to greatly benefitfrom WSNs in terms of faster installation andmaintenance, cost savings, and easier plantreconfiguration. ZigBee is an emerging short-range, low-rate wireless network technology. ZigBee also presentssome potentially interesting features for supportinglarge-scale ubiquitous computing applications, namelypower-efficiency, timeliness and scalability.In managing the move to wireless, it is clear thatcommon wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi and Bluetoothcan be utilized on the factory floor.The challenge is to understand how to utilize wirelesssolutions, developed for IT applications, as replacementsfor wired systems in time-critical scenarios typical offactory floor domains. To date, most wireless systems inproduction systems are focused on applications thatrequire polling frequencies on the order of seconds orlonger. Standardization of technology again plays animportant role for globalization of these profiledevelopments. ZigBee due to its standardize operationaland network management properties will be suitablewireless interface technique, ZigBee also have low datarates over a middle distance and AES encryptionproperties which are again guaranteed for requiredcommunication system.

II. MICROCONTROLLER

An Embedded system is a combination of computerhardware and software, and perhaps additionalmechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specificfunction. Embedded systems are usually a part of larger,complex system. Dedicated applications, designed toexecute specific activities, are implemented andembedded in systems. These embedded applications arerequired to collaborate with the other components of anenclosed system. Embedded application components

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interact mostly with the non-human externalenvironment. They continuously collect data fromsensors or other computer components and process datawithin real-time constraints.Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some otherdevice (often a consumer product) so that they cancontrol the features or actions of the product. Anothername for a microcontroller, therefore, is "embeddedcontroller." Microcontrollers are dedicated to one taskand run one specific program. The program is stored inROM and generally does not change. They are oftenlow-power devices.

2.1. PIC Microcontroller

There are a wide variety of microcontrollers available toimplement various tasks, among them the 8051 and PICare the mostly used. The 8051 is probably the mostpopular 8-bit microcontrollers ever. Many different I/Ofeatures are integrated around the 8051 core to create amicrocontroller which needs only very little extrahardware to do most of the jobs. The main disadvantageof the standard 8051 core is that there's only one 16 bitpointer register available. Moving a block of data is avery tedious job which takes far too much data movingoverhead. It also does not have an internal Analog toDigital Converter (ADC). PIC16F877A is an 8-bitmicrocontroller which has 40 pin DIP and is based onHarvard Architecture. PIC stands for Peripheral InterfaceController and F for flash memory. The PIC16F877Afeatures 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self-programming, an LCD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of10-bit Analogue -to-Digital converter, 2capture/compare/PWM functions, the synchronous serialport can be configured as either 3-wire Serial PeripheralInterface for the 2-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit bus and aUniversal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter . All ofthese features make it ideal for more advanced level A/Dapplications in automotive, industrial, appliances andconsumer applications. So we have utilized theMICROCHIP PIC16F877A microcontroller in theproject.

III. ABOUT ZIGBEE

ZigBee is the product of the ZigBee Alliance, anorganization of manufacturers dedicated to developing anetworking technology for small, ISM-band radios thatcould welcome even the simplest industrial and homeend devices into wireless connectivity. The ZigBee

specification was finalized in December 2004, andproducts supporting the ZigBee standard are just nowbeginning to enter the market. ZigBee is designed as alow-cost, low power, low-data rate wireless meshtechnology. The ZigBee specification identifies threekinds of devices that incorporate ZigBee radios, with allthree found in a typical ZigBee.

3.1. Network Topology for ZigBee

The ZigBee network layer (NWK) supports star, tree,and mesh topologies. In a star topology, the network iscontrolled by one single device called the ZigBeecoordinator. The ZigBee coordinator is responsible forinitiating and maintaining the devices on the network.All other devices, known as end devices, directlycommunicate with the ZigBee coordinator. In mesh andtree topologies, the ZigBee coordinator is responsible forstarting the network and for choosing certain keynetwork parameters, but the network may be extendedthrough the use of ZigBee routers. In tree networks,routers move data and control messages through thenetwork using a hierarchical routing strategy. Treenetworks may employ beacon-oriented communicationas described in the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 specification.Mesh networks allow full peer-to-peer communication.ZigBee routers in mesh networks do not currently emitregular IEEE 802.15.4-2003 beacons. This specificationdescribes only intra-PAN networks, that is, networks inwhich communications begin and terminate within thesame network.

Fig. 1. Network Topologies for ZigBee

IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RESEARCH

The following figures are transmitter and receiver forwireless remote control system.

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Fig. 2. Diagram for transmission unit

Fig. 3. Diagram for received unit

V. SYSTEM DESIGN

The following flow charts are programming design forthis research.

Fig. 4. Overall flow chart for research

Fig. 5. Flow chart for PIC controller

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Fig. 6. Flow chart for transmitting unit

Fig. 7. Flow chart for receiving unit

VI. CONSTRUCTION AND DISCUSSION

The following figures are shown for design andconstruction of microcontroller based wireless remotecontrolled industrial electrical appliances using ZigBeetechnology.

6.1. Construction DiagramThe following figures are shown for the construction ofresearch.

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Fig. 8. Diagram for main control system

Fig. 9. Diagram for remote control system

Fig. 10. Result diagram for C# program

6.2. DiscussionThe remote control system offers to supervise andmanage power condition of electrical industrialappliances. GUI is used in control area to createinterface between user and electronic devices. Relay isused for turning the switch on and off. LDR is used toknow the status of electrical appliances from the PIC.PIC to PC serial I/O connection is vital role in wirelessremote control system. The appropriate simulation resulthas been implemented according to the systemrequirements.

VII. CONCLUSION

Wireless communication is a cheap and easy way toprovide network communication at places where there isno wired infrastructure. In this design, the ZigBeeprovide low power consumption, low cost and simplewireless communication to allow remote control andcurrent measurement of industrial outlets in order to savepower. ZigBee technology is suitable for the applicationin power monitoring system. It can provide reliableprotection for the operation of electric power systems.The system is small, simple, cost effective and good forwireless control of equipment.

REFERENCES

[1] Shizhuang Lin, Jingyu Liu, Yanjun Fang. “ZigBeeBased Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Applications inIndustrial”,IEEE International Conference onAutomation and Logistics, 2007 .pp:1979 – 1983.[2] Jui-Yu Cheng and Min-Hsiung Hung, Jen-WeiChang, “A ZigBee-Based Power Monitoring Systemwith Direct Load Control Capabilities”, 2007 IEEEInternational Conference on TuesE04 Networking,Sensing and Control, London, UK,[3] Bhavneet Sidhu, Hardeep Singh, and Amit Chhabra.“Emerging Wireless Standards - WiFi, ZigBee andWiMAX”, World Academy of Science, Engineering andTechnology 25, 2007.[4] Niu Dou, Yang Mei, Zhao Yanjuan, Zhang Yan.“The networking technology within Smart Home system–ZigBee Technology”, 2009 International Forum onComputer Science-Technology and Applications, 2009IEEE.[5] Jo Woon Chong, Ho Young Hwang, Chang YongJung, and Dan Keun Sung. “Analysis of Throughput andEnergy Consumption in a ZigBee Network under thePresence of Bluetooth Interference”. IEEE GLOBECOM2007, 1930- 529X/07, 2007 IEEE.[6] Jin-Shyan Lee, Chun-Chieh Chuang, and Chung-Chou Shen. “Applications of Short-Range WirelessTechnologies to Industrial Automation: A ZigBeeApproach”, 2009 Fifth Advanced InternationalConference on Telecommunications, 2009 IEEE..[7] “The emergence of ZigBee in building automationsand industrial controls”, IEE Computing &ControlEngineering, April/May 2005.[8] Gunter Schmitt, Alessandro Trinca Voigt &Haeffner. “Remote Control and Monitoring ofTelecommunication Power Systems A big challenge for

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Telcos, Suppliers and Standardization Committees”,2007 IEEE.[9] Christoph Spiegel, Sebastian Rickers, Guido H.Bruck, Peter Jung, Woojin Shim, Rami Lee, JaehwangYu. “Low Power Networks – The ZigBee Competition”,2009 IEEE.[10] Il-Kyu Hwang, Member, IEEE and Dae-Sung Lee,Jin-Wook Baek. “Home Network Configuring Schemefor All Electric Appliances Using ZigBee-basedIntegrated Remote Controller”, IEEE Transactions onConsumer Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 3, AUGUST 2009.[11] Y.Usha Devi 1, II M.Tech, “Wireless HomeAutomation System Using ZigBee”, InternationalJournal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3,Issue 8, August-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518.

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