RECENT TRENDZ IN POWER GENERATION

POWER GENERATION FROM ROAD SPEED BREAKER AND FROM SHOES

(Recent way to produce power)

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ABSTRACT:

Man in his lifetime, uses energy in one form or the other. In fact whatever happens in

nature, results, out of the conversion of energy in one form or the other? The blowing of the

wind, the formation of the clouds and the flow of water are a few examples that stand testimony

to this fact. Of late, erratic and perfunctory usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis, and

there is a need to develop methods of optimal utilization, which will not only ease the crisis but

also preserve the environment.

This project attempts to show how man has been utilizing energy and to explore

prospects of optimizing the same. Researches show that the world has already had its enough

shares of its energy resources. Fossil fuels pollute the environment. Nuclear energy requires

careful handling of both raw as well as waste material. The focus now is shifting more and more

towards the renewable sources of energy, which are essentially, nonpolluting.

Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. It is an attractive technology

for optimal use of available

sources. This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used

system, the road-speed breakers. The number of vehicles passing over the speed breaker in roads

is increasing day by day. There is possibility of tapping the energy and generating power by

making the speed breaker as a power generation unit.

The generated power can be used for the lamps near the speed breakers.

Hence, a project work has been done in our institution, implementing this idea practically

under the title “Design and Development of Power Generation Unit in Speed Breakers”. This

project explains clearly, the working principle of the designed system, its practical

implementation, and its advantages.

Design of each component has been carried out using standard procedures, and the

components have been fabricated and assembled. A similar model of the system has been

modeled using Pro-E. Practical testing of the system has been done with different loads at

different speeds. Taking the various criteria that determine the power generation, graphs have

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been plotted. The second project will show you how to create a shoe that generates electricity. It

does this by using your energy when you walk and converts it into electricity. Its just a simple

craft that every one should know it.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used

system- the road speed-breakers. The number of vehicles passing over the speed breaker in roads

is increasing day by day.

A large amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through the dissipation of heat

and also through friction, every time a vehicle passes over it. There is great possibility of tapping

this energy and generating power by making the speed-breaker as a power generation unit. The

generated power can be used for the lamps, near the speed-breakers.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For example, the per

capita energy consumption in USA is 9000 KWh (Kilo Watt hour) per year, whereas the

consumption in India is 1200 KWh (Kilo Watt hour). One might conclude that to be materially

rich and prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy.

A recent survey on the energy consumption in India had published a pathetic report that

85,000 villages in India do not still have electricity. Supply of power in most part of the country

is poor. Hence more research and development and commercialization of technologies are

needed in this field.

India, unlike the top developed countries has very poor roads. Talking about a particular

road itself includes a number of speed breakers. By just placing a unit like the “Power

Generation Unit from Speed Breakers”, so much of energy can be tapped. This energy can be

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used for the lights on the either sides of the roads and thus much power that is consumed by

these lights can be utilized to send power to these villages.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The project is concerned with generation of electricity from speed breakers-like set up.

The load acted upon the speed breaker - setup is there by transmitted to rack and pinion

arrangements.

Here the reciprocating motion of the speed-breaker is converted into rotary motion using

the rack and pinion arrangement. The axis of the pinion is coupled with the sprocket

arrangement. The sprocket arrangement is made of two sprockets. One of larger size and the

other of smaller size. Both the sprockets are connected by means of a chain which serves in

transmitting power from the larger sprocket to the smaller sprocket. As the power is transmitted

from the larger sprocket to the smaller sprocket, the speed that is available at the larger sprocket

is relatively multiplied at the rotation of the smaller sprocket.

The axis of the smaller sprocket is coupled to a gear arrangement. Here we have two

gears with different diameters. The gear wheel with the larger dimension is coupled to the axis of

the smaller sprocket. Hence the speed that has been multiplied at the smaller sprocket wheel is

passed on to this gear wheel of larger dimension. The smaller gear is coupled to the larger gear.

So as the larger gear rotates at the multiplied speed of the smaller sprocket, the smaller gear

following the larger gear still multiplies the speed to more intensity.

Hence, although the speed due to the rotary motion achieved at the larger sprocket wheel

is less, as the power is transmitted to gears, finally the speed is multiplied to a higher speed. This

speed which is sufficient to rotate the rotor of a generator is fed into to the rotor of a generator.

The rotor which rotates within a static magnetic stator cuts the magnetic flux surrounding it, thus

producing the electric motive force (emf). This generated emf is then sent to an inverter, where

the generated emf is regulated. This regulated emf is now sent to the storage battery where it is

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stored during the day time. This current is then utilized in the night time for lighting purposes on

the either sides of the road to a considerable distance.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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SPEED BRAKER

ARRANGEMENT

RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET

BATTERY

INVERTERSTREET LIGHTS

GEAR DRIVE

GENERATOR

RACK & PINION AND

CHAIN SPROCKET

ARRANGEMENT

GEAR DRIVES

OUTPUT POWER CALCULATIONS:

Let us consider,

The mass of a vehicle moving over the speed breaker = 250Kg (Approximately)

Height of speed brake = 10 cm

Work done = Force x Distance

Here,

Force =Weight of the Body

=250 Kg x 9.81

=2452.5 N

Distance traveled by the body

= Height of the speed brake

=10 m

Output power =Work done/Sec

=(2452.5 x 0.10)/60 =4.0875 Watts (For One pushing

force)

Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed breaker arrangement for one minute

= 4.0875 watts

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Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr) = 245.25 watts

Power developed for 24 hours = 5.866 Kw

This power is sufficient to burn four street lights in the roads in the night time.

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:

• SHAFT (DIA)= 1.5 cm

• Diameter of flywheel = 17 cm

• Thickness of flywheel= 2.8 cm

SPROCKET WHEEL AND CHAIN:

• No of teeth on large sprocket=52

• No of teeth on small sprocket=25

• Dia of large sprocket =18.4 cm

• Dia of small sprocket = 7.4cm

• Length of chain =128 cm

• Optimum centre distance = 42cm

• SPRINGS

• Diameter of wire = 1mm

• Mean dia of coil = 20mm

• Free length of spring = 154mm

• Pitch of the spring = 9mm

• SPUR GEARS

• No of the teeth driver = 122

• No of teeth drives=28

• Pitch circle diameter driver

• = 200mm

• Pitch circle diameter driven

• = 42mm

• No Of Teeth On Rack = 18

• Rack Length = 240mm

• No Of Teeth On Pinion =38

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• Diameter Of Pinion Gear=46mm

• Thickness of pinion gear=26mm

• Length of speed breaker=730mm

• Width of speed breaker=50mm

• Height of speed breaker=100mm

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION:

The experimental investigation is performed by placing the speed breaker arrangement in

a pit with a depth of 75 Cm. Vehicles move over the speed breaker arrangement and the voltage

generated is measured by a millimeters and the various readings are plotted in a graph. The

graphs are drawn for various parameters as shown below

1) Voltage generated (Vs) Trial no

2) Voltage generated (Vs) speed of vehicle

3) Voltage generated (Vs) Load

Voltage generated (vs.) Trial

READINGS:

LOAD = 270 Kg (Vehicle load + man weight)

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Tria

l no.

Voltage

Generated(volts)

1 11.26

2 11.81

3 10.26

4 9.76

5 10.1

Voltage generated (Vs) speed of vehicle

READINGS:

LOAD = 270 Kg (Vehicle load + man weight)

Voltage generated (Vs) Load

Speed of vehicle=10km/hr

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Fig No 6.3 Voltage generated (Vs) Load

READINGS:

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Load(kgs) Voltage

generated(V)

60(man load) 8.33

130 9.45

170 10.22

200 11.23

FABRICATION DETAILS:

The frame structure for the total unit is fabricated using L-Angle frames and ordinary

frames. These frames are made of mild steel. They are held to proper dimensions are attached to

form a unit with the help of welding. Then the bearings which are of standard make are kept in

place with their respective shafts through them and are welded to the frame structure. The shafts

are also made of mild steel. Hinges are used to move the speed breaker arrangement by welding

it to the frame structure. These hinges are responsible for the movement of the speed breaker in

an up and down motion. A rack having eighteen teeth which is made up of mild steel is welded

to the speed breaker arrangement. A pinion which is also made up of mild steel and which has

Thirty six teeth is fitted on the shaft initially, and welded. This pinion tooth is exactly made to

mate with the teeth of the rack. A bicycle sprocket and chain arrangement of standard make is

fitted with the larger sprocket on the top shaft and its smaller sprocket on the bottom shaft. The

sprocket wheels are welded to the shafts. A fly wheel that is made of cast iron is machined

suitably to the precise dimensions in a lathe and is placed on the shaft with its axis coinciding

with the axis of the shaft and is welded.

A special stand arrangement is made to seat the 12v DC generator using frames. A 12v

DC generator is placed within the seat and is held firm using bolts and nuts. To the shaft of the

generator, a small gear made of cast iron is fixed tightly. A larger gear made out of cast iron is

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machined well and fitted on the shaft. The teeth on the larger gear are made to mate rightly with

the smaller gear that is fitted to the generator shaft.

Fabrication Model

Fabrication Model Showing Inner Parts

Wires are connected to the terminals of the DC generator and its other ends are connected to a

Lead-Acid battery. Another wire is taken from these points on the battery and its other ends are

connected to the positive and negative terminal of an inverter. An output wire from the inverter

is sent to the tube light. The tube light is fitted to a stand. Mild steel sheets are used to now cover

the whole setup by welding them to the frame structures. A door is made at one side to enable

viewing of the working of all parts. A padlock is welded to the door for safety purposes. The

whole setup is finally painted with suitable colors and the final finishing works are completed.

To erect the unit practically, a rectangular pit is made on the ground. The unit is now lowered

within the pit, with only the speed breaker arrangement visible outside. A rubber sheet of 3 mm

thickness is fitted on the top of the speed breaker to bring about an aesthetic look and also to

provide protection to moving vehicles.

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MATERIALS USED:

• Rack - Mild steel

• Pinion - Mild Iron

• Sprocket wheels- Mild steel

• Chain - Mild steel

• Spur gears - Cast Iron

• Springs - Mild steel

• Shaft - Mild steel

• Speed breaker - Mild steel

SPECIFICATIONS :

Generator - 12v DC generator

Battery - lead acid battery

Inverter - 250 w AC inverter

ADVANTAGES:

Pollution free power generation.

Simple construction, mature technology, and easy maintenance.

No manual work necessary during generation.

Energy available all year round.

No fuel transportation problem.

No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of energy.

Uninterrupted power generation during day and night.

Maximum utilization of energy.

Load to the piston cylinder arrangement is freely got by movement of vehicles.

No fuel storage is required.

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Power Generating Shoe:

This project will show you how to create a shoe that generates electricity. It does this by using

your energy when you walk and converts it into electricity. If you've ever lost power to your cell

phone in the middle of nowhere, then you know how frustrating it can be. But with this shoe, you

can charge an electronic device anytime, anywhere.

The concept and design are really actually simple. You get a small generator from a rechargeable

flashlight, rig it up so you can turn the generator axle when you step down, and channel that

energy to a cell phone's (or other device's) charger cord. You can use this when you are

jogging or walking or just when you're sitting down and feel like

tapping your foot.

CONCLUSIONS:

• The focus now is shifting more and more towards the renewable sources of energy, which

are essentially, nonpolluting.

• Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. It is an attractive technology

for optimal use of available sources.

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• This power generation unit is going to be a demonstration and working model for

upcoming engineering students to understand the easy working principles of saving

energy.

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