design and manufacture homework 2 higher level design ...€¦ · lifestyle board/ mood board/...

Design and Manufacture Homework

Higher Level

Design Process

1. To which stages in the design process is the client able to make a

contribution?

2. Describe briefly the contribution the client is able to make at each of

these stages.

3. Write down how you feel each of the ‘experts’ shown in the diagram

(see p.10) might help the designer.

4. Choose two of these experts and describe how they would keep their

expertise up to date.

5. The success of any design team depends on good communication.

List six methods of communication members of a design team could

use to communicate with each other.

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Higher Level

Design Brief and Analysis

1. Explain the difference between a ‘closed brief’ and an ‘open brief’.

2. What type of information is likely to be exchanged between a

designer and a client when the design brief is being discussed?

3. Explain how writing out a design brief analysis can help with writing a

specification.

4. How could the client help the designer with the design brief analysis?

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Higher Level

Market Research and Specifications

1) A company is designing a new vacuum cleaner and wishes to carry out

some market research. Describe the type of information that can be

found out by:

a) Observing end users

b) Questioning consumers

c) Examining other similar products

2) What type of work is normally carried out using desk research?

3) Write down five things you would include in the specification for a

domestic iron.

4) What type of information would you expect to find in a technical

specification?

5) Explain the difference between a closed question and an open one.

6) What types of activity are normally carried out doing primary research?


Higher Level

Design Development

1. In the design of a new vacuum cleaner the designer only

concentrates on the functional aspects. How is this likely to affect:

a. The way the product looks

b. How the product affects the environment

c. The overall cost of the product?

2. Describe briefly how neglecting these three areas could affect sales

of the vacuum cleaner.

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Higher Level

Lifestyle Board/ Mood Board/ Lateral Thinking/ Thought Showers/

Morphological Analysis

1. Describe how a lifestyle board could be used at the evaluation stage

when designing a new product.

2. What types of images are useful for a lifestyle board?

3. Explain the difference between a mood board and a lifestyle board.

4. Give an example of a product whose appearance is designed to

reflect a mood or feeling.

5. Write down the five stages used to describe creative thinking.

6. List three products that you feel are unusual or different from what

you expected the product to be. Discuss what you felt was different

about each of them.

7. Explain the difference between thought showering and brainwriting.

8. Write down two advantages and two disadvantages that thought

showering has over brainwriting.

9. Describe the method of generating design ideas through

morphological analysis.

10. What features of this process make it particularly suited to someone

working on their own?


Higher Level

Design Stories/ Technology Transfer/ Mind Maps/ Research and

Development

1. Explain briefly how writing a design story can help you write a

specification.

2. Explain how writing a design story from more than one person’s

point of view is useful.

3. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Technology Transfer’.

4. Give three examples of different product types that use the same

technology.

5. Describe how to produce a mind map.

6. What is the purpose of producing a mind map?

7. List four areas a research and development team may investigate to

design a new product or improve an existing one.

8. Explain what is meant by simulation and describe how it can differ

from testing.

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Higher Level

Communicating Ideas/ Analysis/ Synthesis

1. List five different types of drawing that could be used to

communicate ideas.

2. What advantages does a fully crafted block model have over a

presentation drawing when presenting the idea to the client?

3. What advantages does pencil sketching provide over other methods

of communication in the early stages of designing?

4. A designer has produced a range of different design ideas. Explain

how both analysis and synthesis can be used at the stage.

5. What type of work will be undertaken during the analysis of a range

of proposed solutions?

6. Explain the difference between analysis and synthesis.

7. Describe what convergent thinking means.


Higher Level

Product Testing/ Model-making/ Evaluation

1. Define the term ‘end-user’.

2. Describe how concept testing could be carried out.

3. Write down three types of model that could be used by a designer

when developing a new product. Discuss the advantages of each of

these models.

4. Describe where and why a designer would use Styrofoam to model in

preference to a solid material.

5. Write down five considerations, which are important in the design of

a domestic iron.

6. Explain what is meant by a comparative study.

7. Describe the conditions under which a comparative study should be

carried out.

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Higher Level

Defining the Market/ Market Segments/ The Marketing Mix

1. Explain the difference between the potential market and the

available market.

2. Why is it necessary for a designer to know exactly who a product is

being designed for?

3. Give four examples of how effective market research would highlight

aspects such as interest, income and access.

4. What is meant by the term ‘target market’?

5. Describe two ways in which a market group can be selected.

6. What is a market niche?

7. Describe three of the factors that contribute to the final sale price of

a product.

8. Explain how the four Ps can influence the demand for a product.


Higher Level

Needs/ Wants/ Technology Push – Market Pull

1. Use examples of products to explain the difference between needs

and wants.

2. Give an example of two products that satisfy a human need. State

clearly what the need is in each case.

3. Give three examples of products that you feel people have bought to

boost their personal image. Give reasons for your choice.

4. Discuss how the design and the marketing of a product can make it

desirable.

5. Describe what is meant by the terms ‘market pull’ and ‘technology

push’.

6. Name two products that you feel have been designed as a result of

each of these strategies.

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Higher Level

Marketing or Selling/ Benefits of Product Design

1. Describe what you think are the differences between marketing and

selling.

2. Explain what is meant by the term a ‘sellers market’.

3. Write down four ways in which a product can offer a benefit to its

user.

4. Discuss how improving the aesthetics of a product offers a benefit to

the user.


Higher Level

Product Planning/ Product Life Cycle/ Product Life Analysis

1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘diversification’.

2. Why is this strategy of product planning risky for a company?

3. How could market research help companies who are thinking or

diversifying?

4. Explain what factors would cause a product to go into decline.

5. Why are sales so slow during the early part of the introduction

phase?

6. What is meant by the ‘cradle to grave’ approach to designing

products?

7. Make a list of all the people who will come into contact with a mobile

phone starting at the assembly stage.

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Higher Level

Planned Obsolescence/ Redundancy

1. Using examples describe the concept of obsolescence with regard to

product design.

2. What effect does designed obsolescence have on

a. The consume

b. The environment?

3. What is meant by the term ‘redundancy’?

4. Give one example where redundancy could be described as a safety

feature in a product.


Higher Level

Fashion and Style/ Safety

1. Discuss, using examples, the difference between fashion and style.

2. List two products that are currently in fashion.

3. What do you think may cause them to go out of fashion?

4. Write down six safety considerations that should be made in the

design of power tools to safeguard anyone who comes into contact

with them.

5. Explain why the safety of children should be considered in the design

of all household products even though only adults are meant to use

them.

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Higher Level

Technological Opportunity/ Fitness for Purpose/ Social Responsibilities

1. Give two of your own examples of products that have been

developed as a result of technological opportunity. Justify your

answers.

2. What is meant by the term ‘technology transfer’?

3. Describe what is meant by the term ‘fitness for purpose’.

4. Give two examples of products that are fit for purpose but would

perform or function badly if used in the wrong circumstances.

5. Give two examples of how both the designer and the consumer could

act in a more socially responsible way.

6. How can product designers influence clients and consumers to be

more socially responsible?


Higher Level

Product Evolution/ Product Types/ Miniaturisation

1. Use an example of a product to describe incremental change.

2. Write down three things that can cause a product to evolve in some

way.

3. Compare the Victorian cast-iron kettle with the other two shown on

page 92. What technological changes have made the changes in

design possible?

4. What does the term ‘product type’ mean? Use examples to illustrate

your answer.

5. List ten products that have benefited from miniaturisation.

6. Give an example of two products that are now able to combine

features and functions as a result of miniaturisation.

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Higher Level

Systems Diagrams/ Sustainable Design/ Social Behaviour

1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘Black Box technology’.

2. Produce a universal systems diagram for a hairdryer.

3. List five products that have been designed to reduce the amount of

energy they use compared to other similar products.

4. Write down four ways that a designer could attempt to make a

product more ‘green’.

5. Briefly describe two psychological factors that can influence the

products we buy. Use examples of products to illustrate your answer.

6. Describe how people’s lifestyles can influence the products they buy.


Higher Level

Consumer Expectations/ Economic Considerations/ Functional

Considerations

1. Explain how unexpected features in a new product will become

expected features over time. Use products to illustrate your answer.

2. Describe the factors that now influence consumer choice when

buying products.

3. Give three reasons why a product may prove not to be a commercial

success.

4. Explain the difference between a ‘primary function’ and a ‘secondary

function’.

5. Describe three things that must be considered to ensure that the

design for an angle poise lamp functions properly.

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Higher Level

Environmental Considerations/ Aesthetic Considerations

1. Write down five things a designer could consider during the design

development stage that would make a product more environmentally

friendly.

2. Explain how reducing the number of different materials used on a

product could help the environment.

3. Many products are designed for replacement rather than repair.

Explain what this means and describe who it affects.

4. Do you agree with the statement ‘form follows function’? Choose

one product that will back up your view.

5. Describe how colour can influence a consumer’s decision to buy a

product.


Higher Level

Ergonomics

1. What ergonomic factors must be considered in the design of a

domestic iron?

2. Explain the difference between anthropometrics and ergonomics.

3. Give four examples of products where the physiological constraints

of the user have been of prime importance.

4. Use products with which you are familiar to explain the 5th and 95th

percentile.

5. Give an example of where the 50th percentile would be used.

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Higher Level

Intellectual Property/

1. What do you understand by the term ‘intellectual property’?

2. What are the main criteria for a product to be granted a patent?

3. Describe how a designer can copyright their material without

showing it to anyone else.


Higher Level

Design for Manufacture/ Choosing a Material

1. Explain why standard components are so important to

manufacturers.

2. Why are webs used in the design of plastic casings for products?

3. Why is it important to consider the functional requirements of a

product before deciding on a material?

4. What properties must a material have to make it suitable for use in a

children’s play park?

5. What impact have new materials had on the design of products in the

last ten years?

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Higher Level

Plastics/ Thermosetting Plastics/ Thermoplastics/ Identifying and Naming

Plastics

1. Identify four qualities which plastics offer a product designer over

traditional materials such as wood and metal.

2. Name two additives that can be used with plastics. Explain the

purpose of using each additive.

3. Name three thermosetting plastics.

4. List four products that have been made from thermosetting plastics.

Name the manufacturing processes used to produce them.

5. What property of a thermoplastic makes it particularly suitable for

injection moulding?

6. Describe the properties of elastomers.

7. What does HDPE stand for?

8. What is the reason for the coding system found on plastic

components?


Higher Level

Composite Materials/ Plastics Processing/ Injection Moulding

1. Write down three advantages composite materials have over

traditional materials. Give an example of a product for each

advantage.

2. Why are composite materials being used more frequently by

designers?

3. Explain the difference between the moulding and shaping of plastics.

4. What does GRP mean?

5. Why is it necessary to have tapered sides on a component that has

been injection moulded?

6. Write down three other features that you would look for to find out if

a product has been injection moulded.

7. Why is injection moulding only suitable for mass-produced products?

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Higher Level

Compression Moulding/ Extrusion/ Vacuum Forming

1. Briefly describe the process of compression moulding.

2. Name two products that have been compression moulded.

3. Describe in your own words the process of extrusion.

4. Name three materials that are suitable for extrusion.

5. Name five products that have been manufactured by vacuum

forming.

6. Name a plastic that is suitable for vacuum forming.


Higher Level

Blow Moulding/ Rotational Moulding/ Mould Making

1. Describe in your own words the process of blow moulding. Name two

products that have been made by this process.

2. Explain why blow moulding is the most suitable process for the

manufacture of both products.

3. Name a suitable plastic for rotational moulding.

4. Describe in your own words the process of rotational moulding.

5. Name two products that have been rotation moulded.

6. What material is used to make a mould for use in injection moulding?

7. What do you understand by the term ‘split line’?

8. What is spark erosion used for?

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Higher Level

Metals/ Ferrous Metals/ Non-ferrous Metals

1. Explain the differences between hardness and toughness with

regards to metals.

2. Name five forms of supply for metal.

3. Explain why ferrous metals rust.

4. What finishing process could be applied to steel to prevent it from

rusting?

5. Which two materials are alloyed to make duralumin?

6. Describe how to test a metal to identify if it is ferrous or non-ferrous.

7. Name two products that are manufactured from non-ferrous metal.


Higher Level

Die Casting/ Sand Casting/ Press Forming/ Piercing and Blanking/ Drop

Forging

1. Write down three advantages offered to a designer by die casting.

2. Name two features you would look for on a product to identify that it

has been die cast.

3. Why is sand casting not suitable for mass production of products?

4. What are the requirements of a pattern to be used for sand casting?

5. Describe how press forming can be used to make sheet material

more rigid.

6. Name two products that have been press formed.

7. What is the difference between piercing and blanking? What type of

material is best suited to piercing and blanking?

8. Give two reasons why the above processes are suitable for the

products illustrated on page 169.

9. What advantages does drop forging offer in the manufacture of

tools?

10. Describe how the grain structure of metal will change after being

drop forged.

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Higher Level

Wood/ Softwoods/ Hardwoods/ Manufactured Boards

1. Solid timber is still used to produce high quality items of furniture.

What aesthetic features of wood make it suitable for this purpose?

2. Why is it necessary to apply a surface finish to solid timber?

3. Softwoods can be grown straight-grained and knotless. Give one

advantage and one disadvantage of this for the furniture maker.

4. Describe how a spindle moulder can be used to enhance the

appearance of wood.

5. Name five hardwoods.

6. Give one reason why hardwoods can be so expensive.

7. Describe two disadvantages of using manufactured boards in the

manufacture of furniture.

8. Name three manufactured boards and explain how colour could be

added to the surface of each.


Higher Level

Adhesives/ Joining Materials/ Recycling Materials

1. Describe how epoxy resin would be prepared before being used to

join two parts together.

2. Write down three things that should be considered before deciding

which glue to choose.

3. Explain why traditional methods of joining woods and metals are

being used less, particularly by bigger companies.

4. Give an example of a product that has been joined together by

knock-down fittings.

5. Write down three areas that should be considered in relation to

‘green issues’ in product design.

6. With regard to the recycling of materials describe what is meant by:

a. Reduce

b. Reuse

c. Reconstitute

7. Give four examples of how a designer could design a product to make

it more suitable for recycling.

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Higher Level

The Cost of Production/ Types of Production/ Manufacturing Systems/ Just

In Time Production

1. Explain how the cost of production is affected by

a. Choice of materials

b. The method of manufacturing

2. Give two examples of fixed costs.

3. What could cause these fixed costs to increase?

4. Describe the difference between batch production and mass

production.

5. Why is cell production proving so popular with companies and

employees?

6. Explain the difference between mechanisation and automation.

7. Describe how present day flexible manufacturing systems are an

improvement on the assembly line system used in the 1930s.

8. What is meant by JIT?

9. Under what conditions will JIT not work efficiently?

10. In your own words describe how a Kanban works.


Higher Level

Sequential and Concurrent Engineering/ CAD/ CAM/ CIM

1. What features of sequential engineering could cause it to hold up

production?

2. Why is it important for a company to plan the manufacture of a

product before starting?

3. What advantages does concurrent engineering have over sequential

engineering?

4. Describe five advantages offered by a Computer-Aided Drawing and

Design system.

5. List four output devices used by a CADD operator.

6. What does CNC mean?

7. Write down four advantages offered to the design team by CNC.

8. What is CIM an abbreviation of?

9. List the advantages of CIM.

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Higher Level

Rapid Prototyping/ British Standard Drawing Conventions

1. Explain the difference between a prototype and a model.

2. What advantages does rapid prototyping have over traditional

methods?

3. Why is it vital that a prototype is made before a product is released

onto the market?

4. Describe two pieces of information that a manufacturer needs to find

from an orthographic drawing of a product to ensure accurate

alignment with other parts.

5. What is a ‘datum’ surface?

6. What information should be included in a parts list?

Product Design Homework

Higher Level

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design and manufacture homework 2 higher level design ...€¦ · lifestyle board/ mood board/...

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