design criteria auditoriums
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Introduction
Auditorium an enclosure covered or open where people can
assemble for watching a performance given on the stage .
basically ,in a place of enjoyment and recreation one of the
most important building for reducing the stern in todayslife.In this modern age as scientific technology in
developing more and living standards becoming so high , as
it become important that the building should not only fulfill
the practical and functional requirement but also should
awake the aesthetic and emotional sense of the beholder.This generation the need evolve the guidelines for comfort
conditions which can be achieved by lighting applications,
acoustical treatment , sitting arrangements and sevices .
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Planning
Every member of the audience should have an unobstructed
view of entire stage ,without visual and physical distortion
The auditorium should be suitable for sound reproduction and
free from distortion .
There should be a reasonable balance between : viewing
condition , seating condition and circulation requirement
The number of seats determines the no. of exits to be provided
,foyers and other amenities must be proportionality arranged
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Viewing ConditionsThe size and the position of the stage must relate to the size and shapeof the auditorium
The distance of the stage from the 1strow shall be minimum 2/3rdof the
stage width.
The maximum distance of sitting from stage is recon-mended as 5 times
the width of the stage.
The overall length of rear sitting should be 3.0 times the width of stage.
The first row of seats should not be closer to the stage .
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VolumeThe volume provided in the hall is such that each person is
provided a space of about 3.75 to 4.5 cu.m.per person.
Ratio of h:w:l is 1:2:3 for the approximate 800 to 1000 capacity
of Size depend upon the seating capacity , shape of the
auditorium depends upon the acoustical requirement.
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Walls
Rear wall may be curved or straight.
The difference in shape of the auditorium ,thus lies in the
pattern of the sidewalls, they may be rectangular or parabolic.
The rear wall does not follow the line of curvature of the lastseating row
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Ceiling
The ceiling of the auditorium is not provided as a flat
horizontal surface as this type of ceiling causes uneven
distribution of sound and creates flutter and echoes. This
ceiling is applicable up to 400ppl.e.
Splayed ceiling with splays rising towards rear reinforced
the rear seats.
Ceilings are principally sound disturbing surface and need
no sound absorbing material, if properly designed.
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SittingCAPACITY
In modern auditorium with seat spaced minimum 90 cm back to back ,
the toral area of the auditorium is sq.m divided by 1.05 will give
seating capacity .
SITTING ARRANGMENT
Back to back spacing between two rows shall be 0.9 to 1.0 allows
0.45 moving space b/w two rows .
To avoid physical discomfort , occurs when vertical viewing angle to
top of stage is exceeding 35 deg or the lateral viewing angle to
centerline of the stage exceed 15 deg.
To compensate for this excessive lateral viewing angles the seat rowsshould be angled or curved.
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Dimensions of seatsMinimum width of seat with armrest shall be 50 cm.
Without armrest 40 cm.
Minimum back to back distance between roes of seats shall not
be less than 90 cm and preferably 100 cm
Minimum riser in floor required = 15 cm.
There should be free access to exit-therefore seating
arrangement should be accordingly
In all the cases there shall be an intervening space of at least 43
to 45 cm between the back one seat and the front of the seat
immediately measured behind between perpendicular .
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AislesIt depends upon the width of auditorium and no. and widthof seating block .
Up to 200 persons single central aisles.
200-500 persons two aisles at the twosides of the auditorium
above 500 persons four
maximum no. of seats between two adjacent cross aislesshall not exceed 10 cm.
minimum clear width of the aisle shall be 1.20m.
minimum clear width of the cross shall be 1.50m.
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BalconyWhen large seating is required, balcony is necessary, to avoid
the excessive viewing distance that would otherwise develop
The height between the floor of auditorium and floor of
balcony shall not be less than 3.0m.
The floor of the highest part of the balcony and lowest part ofceiling over it shall not less than 3.5m.
The riser provided in the balcony shall not be less than 19.0m.
The rear most seat on balcony shall not make an angle less than60 deg with screen
Length of the balcony shall be maximum 1/3rdof the total
length of the auditorium.
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Acoustical TreatmentTo attain these design conditions, all of the exposed wall, floor ,
and ceiling surfaces must be addressed and acoustically treated aseither reflective or absorptive. The design must also exercise care
in the selection of upholstery fabrics , curtains, draperies, and
seating, as these materials could provide excess sound absorption
and create deadness In the room . resonators or hollow cavities
within the room configuration must be avoided or specificallydesigned as they represent another method of
absorption.Reflecting panels are added within the auditorium to
enhance the room acoustics. these panels provide multiple
functions within an auditorium . they act to reflect the natural
sound of the performance into the audience. They add to the
diffusion of sound as well as dissipate any potential standing
waves or echoes.
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A 3/8-inch thick plywood panel ,weighing 0.9 psf andspaced 1 inch from a wall surface, has a resonant frequency
of 179 Hz and thereby provides selective sound absorption
at this frequency .
A 1-inch thick structo-base plaster panel , weight of 10 psf,located 6 inches from a rigid wall has a resonant or natural
frequency of 22 Hz and therefore is an excellent material
to reflect sounds above this frequency .
Thus ,a reflector panel should have sufficient mass so thatits resonant frequency will be lower than the range of
frequencies of programmed material.