design for elementary & middle school

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Environmental Object Communication Experiential Design for Elementary & Middle School By Julia Healy

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This is a series of inventive design problems for elementary and middle school students. Divided into five parts (environmental, object, communication and experiential design and a "doodlelines" section), art teachers can copy individual pages to use in the classroom. Sprial-bound, printed copies will be available in the Fall 2015.

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Page 1: Design for Elementary & Middle School

 

Environmental Object

Communication Experiential

Design for Elementary & Middle School

By Julia Healy

Page 2: Design for Elementary & Middle School
Page 3: Design for Elementary & Middle School

Introduction

By Julia Healy, MFA, SDA

My   goal   in   writing   this   book   was   to   help   harried   art   teachers   embed   authentic  design  education  into  their  curriculum.  After  many,  many  years  in  K-­‐12  and  college  art   teaching,   I   have   found   that   using  humor   is   an  unbeatable  weapon   in   engaging  students  of  all  levels.    Another  insight  I  have  had  over  the  years  is  that  very  often  lessons  that  have  been  developed   for   a   particular   age   group   can   be   applied   to   other   levels   with   a   bit   of  tweaking.  So  use   these  “sparks”  as  you  will  and  don’t  stick   to   the  script   if  you  can  better  tailor  them  for  your  student  population.    These   pages   can   be   copied   and   handed   out   as   “Do-­‐Nows”   or   warm-­‐ups,   regular  assignments  or  homework.  I  would  urge  you,  however,  to  make  sure  you  leave  some  time  for  reflection  and  sharing  somewhere   in  your  schedule.   It’s  something  that   is  often  skipped  for  lack  of  time,  but  it  is  key  to  helping  your  students  learn  from  each  other,   gain   confidence   in   their   ideas   and  become  more  adept   at   verbalizing  visual  concepts.   It   doesn’t   have   to   take   too   long   and   you   don’t   have   to   share   every  student’s  work.  Ask  open-­‐ended  questions   such   as   “What  was   surprising   about…?  What  did  you  notice…?  Did  anyone   just  start  sketching  without  knowing  what  you  were  going   to  do…what  was   that   like?”  Don’t   turn  reflection   into  you  pointing  out  and   describing  what   the   solutions   are   or  making   it   into   a   factual   exercise   where  there  is  a  right  and  wrong  answer.      Like  many  artist/teachers,  I  have  definite  ideas  about  art  materials.  I  think  simple  is  often  better,  and  many  of  these  problems  can  be  done  with  soft  pencils  (4B  or  so)  or  black  markers.   The   goal   is   to   for   your   students   to   “think   on   the   paper”,   so   don’t  necessarily  expect  finished,  beautiful  bulletin-­‐board-­‐worthy  works  of  art!  Writing  is  encouraged   and   notes   and   explanations   often   help   and   support   the   designing  process.   You   may   or   may   not   want   students   to   color   their   work.   Don’t   turn   the  coloring  into  busy  work,  however.  Make  it  an  essential  part  of  aims  or  else  leave  it  out.    Hopefully,  these  problems  will  help  open  your  students’  eyes  to  the  world  of  design  in   their   everyday   lives.   Thinking   them   up   was   fun   for   me.   I   hope   you   and   your  students   will   enjoy   some   of   the   nuttiness   and   brain-­‐stretching   that   is   contained  herein.    

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Chapter 1: Environmental Design        This   section   concerns   what   is   around   us—what   we   call   the   “Built  Environment.”   This   covers   everything   from   city   planning,   indoor   and  outdoor  public  spaces,  transportation  centers,  parks  and  architecture  of  all   kinds.   While   not   strictly-­‐   speaking   “environmental”   in   the   typical  sense,   I   have   taken   the   liberty   of   adding   a   few   two   problems   to   this  section  that  might  be  called  “Designing  from  scratch,”  since  they  didn’t  fit  in  the  other  three  categories  at  all.  (They  are  the  last  two  problems  in  this  section.)    Many   of   the   assignments   ask   for   students   to   “explain”   if   they   need   to  and  this  is  where  integrating  writing  comes  into  play.  Also,  since  much  of   environmental   design   is   about   architecture,   you  will   want   to  make  sure   your   students   learn   vocabulary   words   “architecture,”   “architect”  and  perhaps  some  terms   like   “support,”   “column”  “pediment”,     “story”,  “roofline”,   etc.   Students   will   come   to   understand   that   buildings   are  designed   and   based   on   plans.   Many   factors   go   into   how   something  looks,  not   the   least  of  which   is  what   the   function  of  something  will  be,  and  it  is  important  for  them  to  process  this.        If   your   students   look   around   the   classroom,   they   will   see   that  everything   has   been   designed:   desks,   chairs,   lighting,   storage,   etc.    Someone   determined   how   high   the   ceiling  was   going   to   be   and  made  choices  as  to  where  the  windows  were  going  to  be  placed  and  how  large  they   would   be.   Even   a   mobile   classroom   has   been   “designed”   and  someone   attempted   to   make   it   look   and   function   within   a   limited  amount  of  space.    Feel   free   to   tamper  with   these  problems  and  change   them  around  any  way  you  wish.  I  hope  they  spark  the  imaginations  of  your  students  and  result  in  amazing  solutions!  

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                                                                               Your   school   has   decided   to   add   a   new   wing   for   its   new   program   “School   and  Learning  is  Fun,  Fun  and  More  Fun!”  They  have  hired  you  to  design  what  it  should  look  like  and  what  features  it  should  have  in  it.  Make  a  floor  plan  and  an  illustration  of  the  exterior.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

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                                                                                   If  you  had  to  make  a  chair  one  could  actually  sit  on  (and  not  break)  and  only  had  10  cardboard  boxes,  a  roll  of  duct  tape,  a  bag  of  sand  and  20  empty  soda  cans,  could  you  do  it?  Draw  your  plan.  

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                                                                                     The  Pyramid  Club  of  Las  Vegas  have  hired  you  to  create  their  new  headquarters.  You  have  an  unlimited  budget.  What  would  you  come  up  with?  

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                                                                                   You  have  been  hired  (for  a  very  large  fee),  to  design  the  town  Spook  House  for  next  year.  What  might  you  put  into  it?  What  would  the  floor  plan  look  like?  Draw  and  explain  your  ideas…  

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                                                                                       Ceilings  are  sometimes  boring.  Design  one  that  would  be  anything  but  boring  to  you.  

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                                                                                     The  inside  of  the  “Spoiled  Poodle  Doghouse”  is  very  elegant  and  you  wouldn’t  believe  what  it  looks  like!  Draw  it.  

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                                                                                     Draw  a  close-­‐up  of  a  “See-­‐Through  Garden”  in  which  all  plants,  trees,  bugs,  butterflies,  birds,  etc.  are  completely  glass-­‐like.  

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                                                                                   A  famous  movie  director  has  asked  you  to  design  the  sets  for  her  new  film,  “The  Saddest  Village  in  the  World.”  She  wants  the  buildings  to  look  very,  very  sad.  Draw  your  ideas!  

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                                                                                 You  have  been  asked  by  the  Cat  Fancier  Society  to  create  a  new  look  for  a  breed  of  long-­‐haired  cat.  What  might  you  come  up  with?  Draw  the  picture  that  cat  groomers  across  the  country  will  use  to  copy  this  new,  strange,  look.    

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                                                                                     The  indie  band  named  the  “Bad  Hairdo  Quartet”  need  some  terrible  hairstyles.  Go  wild!  

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Chapter 2: Object Design    

Objects  are  all  around  us,  and  we  take  many  of  them  for  granted.  The  cup  or  glass  you  drink  out  of  has  been  designed.  Even  a  natural  object  such  as  a  pouring  gourd  may  have  been  carved  or  whittled  to  create  a  more  functional  and  decorated  object.    The  following  problems  are  designed  to  get  our  students  noticing  and  thinking  about  the  things  they  use  and  see  everyday—their  phones,  sneakers  and  toys.  Students  are  asked  to  come  up  with  solutions  for  various  scenarios  that  will  require  them  to  think  about  function  as  well  as  the  aesthetic  concerns  of  style  or  beauty.    Encourage  students  to  make  several  sketches  that  will  show  various  sides  and  angles  of  their  designs.  A  bird’s  eye  view,  an  eye-­‐level  view  and  a  three-­‐quarter  view  will  communicate  different  information  to  the  viewer.      Sometimes  one  idea  or  sketch  morphs  into  another,  which  can  morph  into  another.  Explain  the  process  of  developing  an  idea,  by  improving  or  changing  it  and  working  to  perfect  their  final  product  or  concept.  Just  because  you  start  out  with  one  shape,  doesn’t  mean  you  end  up  with  it.      One  off  shoot  of  this  section  might  be  a  follow-­‐up  lesson  where  students  make  actual  models  of  their  ideas.  Using  self-­‐hardening  clay  or  other  sculptural  materials  extends  the  process  to  the  third-­‐dimension,  much  the  way  professional  designers  make  models  of  cars,  furniture  or  fashions.                                    

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                                                                                     What  would  a  super-­‐techy  combination  phone,  sunglasses,  bike  helmet  and  mask  look  like?  Design  it!  

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                                                                                     Silverware  is  sometimes  kind  of  boring-­‐looking.  Come  up  with  your  own  exciting  ideas  that  would  work  as  utensils.  

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                                                                                     The  mad  inventor  that  lives  next  door  to  you  has  just  shown  you  his  new,  amazing  alarm  clock  that  dumps  a  tray  of  ice  cubes  on  you  to  wake  you.  Draw  it.  

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                                                                                   The  “Checkered  Pattern  Toy  Company”  has  hired  you  to  paint  their  new  line  of  dolls  and  action  figures.  What  would  a  few  models  look  like?  Design  them.  

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                                                                                     School  buses  need  to  be  seen  on  the  roads.  The  Safety  Committee  of  your  school  has  asked  you  to  design  a  school  bus  that  would  be  highly  noticeable.  Draw  your  ideas.  

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                                                                                   Velcro  was  inspired  by  a  burr  sticking  to  someone’s  clothing.  If  your  skin  were  somehow  MAGNETIC,  what  kind  of  thing  or  things  could  you  invent?  Draw  them  and  write  descriptions  of  your  amazing  ideas.  

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                                                                                   The  “Not  So  Very  Good  Backpack  Company”  had  asked  you  to  design  a  terrible  backpack  for  its  new  fall  line.  What  features  might  you  come  up  with  for  them?  Draw/Explain.  

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                                                                                     A  famous  Botanist  has  created  a  completely  new  flower  in  the  lab  that  she  wants  to  name  after  you.  What  does  it  look  like?  

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                                                                                       Design  a  stamp  that  commemorates  YOU!  What  would  it  have  on  it?  

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                                                                                       What  would  a  dangerous  hat  look  like?  Draw  it.  

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Chapter 3: Communication Design    This  is  design  that  can  include  words,  although  there  are  many  ways  to  use  visual  images  and  symbols  alone  to  communicate  information.  Graphic  Design  is  included  in  this  section,  and  students  will  be  exposed  to  thinking  about  things  like  layout,  scale,  and  composition.    As  in  much  of  what  we  do  as  art  teachers,  vocabulary  is  a  part  of  our  lessons  and  students  enrich  their  English  language  skills  in  the  art  room.  So  be  sure  to  have  a  Word  Wall  somewhere  in  your  art  room,  or,  if  you  are  on  a  cart,  carry  a  large  lined  easel  pads  that  can  operate  as  word  posters.  It  is  important  that  students  pronounce  the  words  and  connect  to  how  they  are  spelled.    When  working  with  communication  design,  your  students  will  come  equipped  with  understanding  of  logos  and  symbols.  When  I  taught  elementary  art,  I  had  a  Cyrillic  alphabet-­‐lettered  can  of  soda  and  the  students  all  knew  what  brand  it  was  based  on  the  design  of  the  can.  I  would  ask  them  how  they  knew  and  they  said  that  is  “just  looked  liked  that  particular  soda.”    Sometimes  we  want  the  images  to  stand  alone  and  another  elementary  memory  was  a  student  who  obviously  felt  she  had  to  make  sure  the  viewers  understood  her  work—she  labeled  all  the  objects  in  her  drawings—just  in  case.  So  we  had  the  words  “tree,”  “sun,”  “house”  and  the  like  in  each  drawing.    Encourage  your  students  to  simplify  their  images—often  overly-­‐detailed  images  lose  impact—especially  from  far  away.  Using  an  outline  is  sometimes  helpful  to  increase  visibility  and,  if  color  is  used,  limiting  the  palette  can  be  effective.  Remember  to  teach  that  warm  colors  tend  to  “come  forward”  and  cool  colors  “recede.”  Also  that  light  colors  surrounded  by  darker  tones  tend  to  come  forward  and  dark  colors  surrounded  by  lighter  tones  tend  to  recede.    

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                                                                               Make  a  wordless  sign  that  would  mean  “No  toenail-­‐cutting  on  the  bus.”  

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                                                                                     Typography  is  the  design  of  letters.  Using  your  first  name,  design  new  and  unusual  lettering  that  will  express  something  about  yourself  or  your  interests.  

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                                                                                     If  you  need  to  keep  people  from  coming  close  to  a  crazy-­‐looking  pointy  sculpture  and  can’t  use  a  sign,  how  would  you  do  it?  Draw  your  idea.  

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                                                                                     The  World’s  Happiest  City  would  like  you  to  design  a  city  logo  or  symbol.  What  might  you  come  up  with?  No  words,  of  course,  because  that  would  be  too  easy.  

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                                                                                     Can  you  design  a  bed  that  LOOKS  comfy,  but  isn’t?  What  would  it  be  made  of?  Draw  it  and  explain  your  ideas.  

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                                                                                   A  man  named  Al  Star  is  running  for  Mayor  and  would  like  you  to  design  a  bumper  sticker  for  his  upcoming  political  campaign.  What  would  it  look  like?  Make  up  a  slogan  as  well,  if  you  like.  

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                                                                                     Design  a  Billboard  for  the  side  of  a  highway  that  advertises  “Uncle  Ted’s  UFO  Museum  and  Country  Kettle  Restaurant.”  

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                                                                                       Design  a  fence  that  says  “Danger!  Keep  away!”  without  using  any  words.  

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                                                                                     Your  school  wants  you  to  make  a  sign  that  will  show  students  the  new  dress  code:  silly  hats  and  clown  shoes  must  be  worn  at  all  times.  No  words  allowed!  

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                                                                                     Design  a  chart  to  show  aliens  how  to  make  a  peanut  butter  and  jelly  sandwich  without  using  words.  

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Chapter 4: Experiential Design  

 This  type  of  design  adds  elements  of  the  emotions  and  senses  to  the  mix,  along  with  spatial  concerns.  Touch,  sound  and  smell  are  a  part  of  thinking  about  how  to  create  designs  that  can  be  experienced  in  ways  other  than  just  sight.  Not  that  there  aren’t  visual  aspects  to  designing  in  this  mode.  The  point  is  to  try  to  think  of  how  your  audience  is  going  to  feel  and  what  the  impact  might  be  when  they  are  exposed  to  your  ideas.      For  example,  if  I  design  a  walkway  wall  in  a  botanical  garden  that  will  inform  non-­‐sighted  people  through  bas-­‐relief  images  of  the  plants  on  display  and  Braille  explanations,  I  have  created  an  experience  that  goes  beyond  just  the  visual.    Many  of  the  problems  below  overlap  a  bit  with  one  or  more  of  the  previous  three  areas  of  design  (environmental,  object  and  communication),  but  the  emphasis  here  is  to  think  about  the  physical  response(s)  the  audience  might  have  to  a  product,  space,  building,  etc.  This  is  an  interdisciplinary  perspective  which  can  be  transformative.    Sound  environments  can  make  one  feel  comfortable  or  uneasy.  Stores  know  this  because  they  play  background  music  to  relax  the  customer  and  that  makes  them  buy  more.  Many  sound  artists  can  manipulate  sounds  in  their  pieces  to  annoy,  scare,  amuse,  instruct  or  bore  the  viewer/listener.  (Check  out  the  You  Tube  Soundings:  A  Contemporary  Score,  which  was  at  MOMA  in  2013,  for  samples  of  16  such  artists.)    A  few  of  these  problems  may  be  a  little  more  abstract  and  difficult  to  do,  but  I’ve  also  included  some  basic  ones,  that  will  help  learners  begin  to  think  about  how  a  designer  can  use  their  wits  to  design  experiences,  not  just  things.              

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                                                                                     What  would  a  furry  landscape  look  like?    

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                                                                                   Create  an  abstract  drawing  that  expresses  the  idea  of  “calm  before  a  big,  big  storm.”  Don’t  use  objects;  just  shapes,  lines,  colors  and  tones.  Give  the  feel  of  calm,  about  to  be  disturbed.  

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                                                                                       Design  a  machine  that  would  tickle  people  as  they  went  through  it.    

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                                                                                     How  many  different  TEXTURES  can  you  make?  Draw  them  here.  Make  them  look  three-­‐dimensional,  if  possible.  

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                                                                                   Your  client  wants  a  feeling  of  being  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea  in  his  bedroom.  The  walls,  floors  and  ceilings  can  be  any  shape  or  material  and  the  budget  is  enormous.  What  do  you  come  up  with?  Explain  with  words,  if  necessary.  

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                                                                                       Design  a  school  desk  and  chair  for  a  place  without  gravity.  

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                                                                                   Geiko  Gloves”  are  the  latest  thing.  You  put  them  on  and  their  sticky  pods  allow  you  to  crawl  up  walls  and  ceilings!  Draw  an  advertisement  showing  the  fun  kids  would  have  using  them!  

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                                                                                   Draw  a  room  with  a  wall  that  creates  an  optical  illusion,  such  as  making  it  look  like  there’s  busy  highway  right  there  or  a  cavern  or  desert  or…?  What  feeling  might  visitors  to  this  room  have?  

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                                                                                   You  have  been  asked  to  design  the  interior  of  a  restaurant  that  serves  only  soft,  mushy  food  (pudding,  soft  ice  creams,  mashed  potatoes,  yogurt,  oatmeal,  applesauce).  Make  the  walls,  tables,  booths,  etc.  have  a  SOFT  feel  to  match  the  food.  

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                                                                                     The  worst  babysitter  in  the  world  took  several  small  children  to  a  very-­‐soggy  “Mud,  Mud,  Sticky  Mud  Playground.”  Describe  the  scene  in  pictures.  

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                                                                                 You  have  accidentally  discovered  a  way  to  keep  snow  from  melting  in  the  Spring  and  Summer.  What  might  you  do  in  a  “Fantasy  Backyard”  that  would  use  your  new  discovery?  Price  is  no  object,  so  you  can  have  fountains,  sculptures,  swimming  pools,  etc.  

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Chapter 5: “Doodlelines” How  to  Use  this  Section    Let  your  imagination  flow.  The  rules  are  simple:  all  lines  must  be  incorporated  into  a  believable  scenario.  Use  the  paper  in  any  direction  you  like.  The  lines  and  your  own  creativity  and  sensibilities  will  guide  you.  There  are  no  wrong  solutions  here!      Think  about  scale  (i.e.,  your  solution  could  be  super-­‐magnified  or  very  far  away).  Think  about  interiors  or  exteriors.  Add  textures  and  patterns.  Shade.  Think  foreground,  middle  ground  and  background.  Think  floating.      Think  animal,  vegetable,  mineral.  Think  the  past.  Think  the  future.  Think  about  the  mundane  and  ordinary.  Think  fancy.  Think  night  or  think  day.  Think  cold,  or  hot,  or  inbetween.      Play  in  your  head.  Be  silly.  Be  serious.  Be  surprising.  Be  amazing,  even.  And  feel  free  to  start  over  if  you  must.  (There  are  two  of  every  doodleline,  so  you  can  easily  copy  two-­‐sided,  in  case  your  students  want  to  start  over  or  make  another  one.)    

   

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