design for environment methods:state-of-the-art
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT METHODS:
state-of-the-art
Marc GómezDepartment of Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management
November 2010
University ofStrathclyde
Design for environmentWhy DfE?
Population
Natural Resources
Environmental damageNeed of conscious sustainable design
• Improve environmental performance
• Focus on the entire product life-cycle and its derived activities
• Reduce amount of overall product energy consumption
•Reduce the amount of non-reusable waste
Why DfE?
DfE practices
Strategies: focus on specific activityDesign for manufacture: input/output emissionsDesign for disassembly/recycling: ease to segregate product partsDesign for transportation: packaging, weightDesign for cradle to cradle: 100% of raw material reutilisation
Methods: way to achieve DfE strategies Qualitative- Implemented in all stages of product design- Complementing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Quantitative:- Covers full LCA - Procedures from ISO 14040
Qualitative methods + tools associatedMethod Description ToolChecklist Questionnaire concerning from
raw material to disposalEco-design Checklist
Environmental Effect Analysis (EEA)
relationship between product and environmental consequences
EEA-Form.
Product Design Matrix Relationship product operations and environment
MET, MECO Matrix
Quality Function Deployment for Environment (QFDE)
Relation of Voice of Costumer, Engineering metrics, and its eco-impact
Weight of importance tables, Environment House of Quality
Quantitative methodMethod Stage DescriptionLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) Goal and Scope Type of information needed
How data is organizedHow results will be displayed
Life-cycle Inventory Inputs/Outputs data collection
Life-cycle impact assessment Impact Calculation
Interpretation Results interpretationData Deduction
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Qualitative Easy to implement Subjective results
Application at several design stages
Too general
Fast identification Misinterpretation
No high environmental education needed
Quantitative Accurate Time-consumption
Objective Expensive
No misiterpretation Based on empirical data
DfE Examples
Dyson AirbladeTM
• 80% energy saving• 64% faster• removes 99.9 % air bacteria
Ford U Model cradle-to-cradle concept car
• Hybrid electrical transmission• 45 miles/galon• 300 miles near 0 emissions • 99% reduction in carbon dioxide• 0% waste disposal (recycling or decompose parts)