design from nanoscale of carbon fiber- based functional
TRANSCRIPT
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Design from nanoscale of carbon fiber-based functional composite materials: Special attention on thermoset matrices and interfaces
J.F. GERARDIngénierie des Matériaux PolymèresUMR CNRS # 5223Université de Lyon – INSA [email protected]
http://www.imp.cnrs.fr
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• Shaping of composite reinforcements and long fiber-basedprepregs
• Experimental testing and simulation of composite structures
• Acoustics of composite structuresIdentification of sources
• NDT analyses of • composite materials• and structures
(US, RX, acoustics)
• Synthetic and bio-sourcedthermoplastics and thermosets(from synthesis to rheology)
• Processingcomposites(RTM, prepregs,UV, etc)
• Fiber sizingsInterfaces
• Recycling• Paints, coatings, adhesives
• Ceramic-based composite materials• Acoustic emission analyses applied to fiber-based
composites• Microstructure analyses (SEM, TEM, ESEM, FIB, etc)
• Mechanics of composite structures foraeronautics and building constructionLarge scale testing facilities
• Composite materials for building repair• Inorganic-based composites for building
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PARTNERSHIPS / COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Nodes ofcompetitiveness
• Components : SOLVAY, ARKEMA, CRAY VALLEY, HEXCEL, CHOMARAT, PORCHER Ind., DOW Chem, TRANSFURAN Chem (E), BROCHIER, NANOCYL, CYTEC, OCV, FLOWTITE (N)
• Aeronautics: AIRBUS (IVW, ASTRIUM, EUROCOPTER)(F&D), MBDA, AIRCELLE,COEXPAIR, QUICKSTEP, SAFRAN, ONERA,
• Automobile: VOLVO, MICHELIN, PLASTIC-OMNIUM, MCR, RENAULT, NIEF, CEA, COMPOSE TOOL• Rail : NEWRAIL (UK), AIRBUS (D)• Sport : ROSSIGNOL, BABOLAT• Energy : ALSTOM, EDF
• IFTH, PEP, PPE, SWEREA/SICOMP (S), INASMET (E), PyCO Fraunhofer (D), ICT Fraunhofer (D)
Industries
R&D Centers / Platforms
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PARTNERSHIPS / COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Nodes ofcompetitiveness
• ENS Cachan, ESPCI, ECL et PolyTech Nantes, CERMAV, INP-PAGORA, ENSAIT
• INTEMA (Arg)KU Leuven (B), Perugia Univ. (I), Université Stuttgart (D), Université Erlengen (D), EZRT Fraunhofer (D)FORTH ICE-HT (Greece)Weizmann Inst. (Isr),Université Twente (NL), Swansea University (UK), Newcastle Univ. (UK), QMUL London (UK), Cambridge Univ. (UK), Université Akron (USA), Univerity Massachusetts (USA)
Universities / Academics
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Design of Composite Materials at Different Scales
Tailoring components and microstructures at different scales
Taking into account the processing steps and techniques
INTERFACESFiber sizingsFunctional
(self-healing)WettabiityIFSS
NEW MATRICESSynthetic and bio-basedThermosets and ThermoplasticsNanostructured / Nanocomposite-based Functionalities(fire retardancy, conductivity…)
COMPOSITE MATERIALSViscoelastic, mechanicalElectricalSurface properties incl.wettability, paints, functionalcoatings (anti-icing, superhydrophobic)
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Taking Into Account Processing of Composite Materials
Tailoring components and microstructures at different scales
REACTIVE PROCESSES Thermosets
epoxy, cyanates, BMI, UP, …toughened resins
Thermoplasticsfrom in-situ polymerization
Curing: thermal, UV, mW
NON-REACTIVELaser consolidation (high-Tg TP)Latex-based preforms
IN-SITU STUDIES OF THE PROCESSING STEPSWettability of the fiber fabricsIn-situ recording polymerization and/or crystallization
processes on composite parts (dielectrical, NIR)
COMBINATION OF STRATEGIES Interleaf particles films (toughening, self healing)Powdering for preform shaping and tougheningSoluble TP fibers for in-situ dispersion of TP and NPInsertion of piezo-electric polymer films (energy
harvesting)
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Innovative Matrices for Composite Materials
Toughening from BCP nanoadditives of TS matrices in combination with processing
BCP-powdered CF-plies (400µm) 12 wt.% BCP
Consolidation stepBCP flows on/in the preform
Mold filling Impregnation of the preform + Dissolution of the BCP phase
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
h b
a
L
7,000 1,350 (+84%)
3,790 8602,280 220 (-40%)
Neat M25A50M25S28B28M44
GIIC (J.m-2)
0.5 mm.min-1
BCP nanostructuration
in composites confirmed by DMA
Inhomogeneous plate
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Innovative Matrices for Composite Materials
Fire retardancy improvement from POSS nanoadditives of TS matrices
10” 30” 1’ 2’ 3’time
Extinguished after 3’ - burnt until clamps – resid.
mass: 6%
Extinguished before 3’ – flame propagated until clamps – resid.
mass: 59%
MVR
MVR-POSSOH-
Al
Molecular silica / POSS clustersPOSS-modifiedepoxies
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Processing of TP-based composites from reactive processing
RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) processing of P6-GF composites
(a): ε-caprolactam
(b): N-acetylcaprolactam
(c): methylmagnesium bromide
ROP polymerizationof caprolactame
Reactive TP-RTMPA6 – GF composites / fracture surface
Dielectric sensors for followingpolymerization and crystallization
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Processing of high Tg TP-based composites
Laser consolidation of PES – CF composites during filament winding
Filament winding / laser consolidation
Prepreg ribbon
Laser beam
Heating
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Processing of high Tg TP-based composites
Laser consolidation of PES – CF composites during filament winding
Polymer chains
Carbon fiberInterdiffusion
of chains
Matrix
Carbon fibersTP matrix/CF ribbon
Macro scaleInter-ply scale
Micro scale Molecular scale
Multiscale approach
Tailoring processingconditions and materials
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Fiber surface treatment for self-healable interfaces
Design and characterization of self-healable interfaces in epoxy-GF
Covalent bonding–reversible –(D-A)
Ra=5.64 ± 3.60nm
+BMI
Force gauge max 10N Displacement rate 0.1mm/min
Self-healing solution
Cured resin microdroplet
AFM analysis of treated CF surface
Interfacial adhesion
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Functional composite materials
Electrically conductive matrices from CNT containing soluble fibers and CNT-yarns
Yarn in preform
A.E. signal acquisition
Piezo-electricsensor
40mm
Load
CNT yarn(coll. Cambridge Univ.)
CNT grown on ex-PAN CF
Introduction of CNT and/or high-Tg TP
Acoustic emission and electrical conductivity on
single-yarn CF or CNT