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Design GuidelinesAcworth Historic Districts

Acworth, Georgia

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PrefaceIntent StatementHistoric Preservation OrdinanceHistoric Preservation Commission (HPC)

Historic PropertiesHistoric Resource SurveyNational Register of Historic PlacesAcworth Historic Districts

Design Review ProcessCommon QuestionsAdministrationDesign Review Chart

Standards & GuidelinesSecretary of the Interior’s StandardsGeneral Guidelines

Visual CharacterHistoric ContextBuilding TypesArchitectural Styles

[PG 8-9] Outlines the design reviewprocess, providing a flow chart andanswers to the most common questions.

[PG 6-7] Reviews the documentation andrecognition of Acworth’s historicproperties, including national, state, andlocal programs and status.

[PG 10-11] Introduces the nationalguidelines and sets the stage for thefollowing local guidelines: Commercial[PG 23-55] and Residential [PG 57-95];includes a glossary of the most commonlyused terms [PG 96-97].

[PG 12-21] Gives the historical backgroundof Acworth’s pattern of development anddescribes the types of resources found inthe town.

[PG 5] Provides a summary of the purposeand intent of local design guidelines;reviews local preservation initiatives,including the ordinance and theestablishment of a design review board.

INTRODUCTIONCONTENTS

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January 2003

Produced for:The City of Acworth

Historic Preservation CommissionAcworth, Georgia

Produced by:Kenneth L. Kocher

Piedmont PreservationAthens, Georgia

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“In support and furtherance of its findings and determination that the unique historical, cultural, and aestheticheritage of the City of Acworth is among its most valued and important assets,” the City of Acworthadopted a historic preservation ordinance June 19, 1986. The ordinance is designed to preserve thecommunity's identity and historic character, promote harmonious growth in relationship to historic properties,to strengthen community pride and awareness of historic assets, to stabilize property values and encourageinvestment in historic areas, to capture the benefits of tourism and economic development, and to maintainand protect historic properties. By preserving its unique historic character, the City ensures that futuregenerations will enjoy the benefits of Acworth's rich architectural heritage.

The Historic Preservation Ordinance establishes the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC), the volunteerboard which serves as part of the planning functions of the City of Acworth. The HPC is charged with theresponsibility of initiating local designation, the design review process, public education and awareness,securing preservation related grant funding, and preservation planning and research. The Commissionconsists of seven appointed members, who serve three-year terms without monetary compensation.

Historic Preservation Commission

Historic Preservation Ordinance

This booklet was initiated by the Acworth Historic Preservation Commission and financed by the City ofAcworth on behalf of its current and future citizens. The purpose of this booklet is to provide information onlocal preservation measures, the design review process, and the visual character which defines Acworth’sdowntown and residential areas. The remainder of the booklet outlines design guidelines for commercialand residential areas. The guidelines listed and illustrated herein are designed to assist decision makers ---property owners, developers, contractors, and commissioners --- in developing design solutions whichsatisfy Acworth's historic preservation ordinance.

Intent and Purpose

PREFACE

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Historic Resource SurveyRecognizing the value of its historic resources the City of Acworth initiated a Historic Resource Survey in1997 to identify and research historic properties within the city limits. The resulting survey report indicatedthat a portion of the town was eligible to be listed as a district in the National Register of Historic Places.

HISTORIC PROPERTIES

National Register of Historic PlacesAcworth currently has three listings in the National Register of Historic Places - one district and twoindividual properties. The Collins Avenue Historic District was listed in 2001 and includes several propertiesbordering a section of the street from which it gets its name. The historic significance of Bethel AMEChurch and the Stephen D. Cowen House were recognized in 2002 when they each were listed in theNational Register as individual properties. Currently work is proceeding on registering the core historiccommercial and residential areas of Acworth. This district will be known as the Railroad Corridor HistoricDistrict.

Acworth Historic DistrictsListing in theNational Register bestows considerable honor but provides little protection for historic properties.The Mayor and Council of Acworth therefore, in order to protect their historic character, locally designatedthe Collins Avenue Historic District, Bethel AME Church, and the Stephen D. Cowen House. This localdesignation charges the Acworth Historic Preservation Commission with protection of the historic characterof these properties as outlined in the Acworth Historic Preservation Ordinance. The proposed RailroadCorridor Historic District is soon to be considered for designation as well.

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What is design review?The Historic Preservation Ordinance provides for a design review process. Design review consists of the evaluation of any proposed exterior work upon a property within adesignated district. Both minor and extensive projects must be reviewed and approved prior to beginning work. The design review process is often triggered by a building permitapplication; however, building permits can not be issued until design review is complete. Although some types of work projects, such as installation of a walkway or a satellite dish,may not require a building permit, design review is still required.

Which properties require design review?All designated properties require design review. Designated properties include all properties within historic districts and any individually designated sites. Please note that designreview covers both historic and non-historic properties in a historic district. The city's Official Zoning Map shows all designated districts and properties. A call to the HistoricPreservation Planner can confirm whether or not a property is designated.

What type of work requires design review?All work involving a change to an exterior feature of a designated property requires design review. Projects that physically alter the property include but are not limited to: changes in siteor setting, repair or rehabilitation, relocation or demolition, and new construction or additions.

Neither interior alterations nor a change in the use of the property require design review. The Historic Preservation Ordinance applies only to the external aspects of the propertyand regulates neither zoning nor land use. The HPC does not review planting or repainting. Ordinary maintenance does not require design review.

What is a Certificate of Appropriateness?When planning a work project, an owner must submit a completed application for a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA). Applications are available from and should be submittedto the Historic Preservation Planner. The deadline for applications is the first day of the month in which the application will be reviewed. Please contact the Historic PreservationPlanner for regular meeting dates and times. Utilizing design guidelines and the general standards for the rehabilitation of historic properties, the HPC must decide to approve ordeny the application. If the application is approved, a Certificate of Appropriateness is issued and design review is complete.

What should an application include?In order that the Commission may make an informed decision, completed applications must be accompanied by support materials. Illustrations may include site plans, elevations,and floor plans drawn to a standard architectural scale, e.g. 1/4 inch equals one foot. Photographs of the building, site, and neighboring properties are also helpful. Support materialsmay differ according to the type and size of the project. The application and support materials must be submitted at the same time.What could happen if work begins before design review?If work is initiated prior to approval of a COA application or to obtaining a building permit, a stop work order may be issued. If these requirements are not met, the property ownermay face fines or an order to restore the original condition of the property.

Where can additional assistance be found?This booklet outlines design guidelines which are useful for project planning; however, the HPC does not actually develop plans or designs. Property owners are encouraged toreview the design guidelines set forth in the booklet prior to planning any rehabilitation work or new construction. Familiarity with the design guidelines will facilitate design review.For information concerning the process or for assistance with the preparation of the application, contact the Historic Preservation Planner at (678) 801-4037.

Are there any other review procedures?Review of projects by the HPC may not be the only review required before work may proceed. Other city departments and commissions may be required to examine a project forcompliance with existing zoning regulations, building codes, and sign or landscape ordinances.

The Common Questions

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Property owners within the Acworth Historic District enjoy the advantages of increased economic valueand a built environment protected from unsympathetic changes. The Historic Preservation Commission(HPC) protects the rights and investments of property owners and business establishments through thedesign review process. By preserving and maintaining visual character, the HPC ensures that citizens andvisitors alike will enjoy the benefits of Acworth’s historic built environment.

Administration

DESIGN REVIEWPROCESS

Identify proposed workand property status.

Step 1:Step 1:Step 1:Step 1:Step 1: Work will not involve a change to an exterior feature:• general maintenance,• interior alterations, or• change in use of the property.

Work will involve a change to an exterior feature:• site changes, relocation, or demolition,• repair or rehabilitation, or• new construction or additions.

Apply for a Certificate of Appropriateness.Applications are available from the HistoricPreservation Planner and should besubmitted by the first day of the month inwhich they will be heard by the HPC.

Step 2:Step 2:Step 2:Step 2:Step 2:

If a property is designated by the HistoricPreservation Ordinance as either a historic propertyor as a property within a historic district, then

Apply for a Building Permit.Proposed work must also comply withall applicable zoning, building, sign,and landscape ordinances, etc.

Step 3:Step 3:Step 3:Step 3:Step 3:

START WORK.

DenialWithdrawal

Applicants are encouraged to reapplywith applications meeting the designguidelines. However, applicants mayappeal to the City Council within fifteen(15) days of the denial in the mannerprovided by law.

If the property is not designated aseither a historic property or as aproperty within a historic district, then

Approval orApproval with Conditions

Commission Meeting:• Applicants are required to attend.

Three Easy Steps for Property Owners to FollowThree Easy Steps for Property Owners to FollowThree Easy Steps for Property Owners to FollowThree Easy Steps for Property Owners to FollowThree Easy Steps for Property Owners to Follow

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Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions whilepreserving those portions of features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.

The following Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility.

4 A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be given a new use that requires minimal change to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatialrelationships.

4 The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatialrelationships that characterize a property shall be avoided.

4 Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such asadding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, shall not be undertaken.

4 Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

4 Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved.

4 Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, thenew feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentaryand physical evidence.

4 Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materialsshall not be used.

4 Archeological resources shall be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

4 New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize theproperty. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, andmassing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.

4 New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that , if removed in the future, the essential form and integrityof the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

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STANDARDS& GUIDELINES

Developed at the request of the Acworth Historic Preservation Commission, the design guidelines within thisbooklet are based specifically upon the visual character of Acworth's historic districts and are divided intotwo sections: Commercial and Residential. The Commission also adheres to the Secretary of the Interior'sStandards for Rehabilitation, which present general guidelines for the rehabilitation of historic buildingsused by commissions throughout the nation.

Rehabilitation is a sensitive approach to historic design and materials during simple repairs and during alterations.Rehabilitation permits contemporary use while preserving those features of the building which are significantto its historic character. Such character-defining features are an integral part of each building and contributeto the visual character of the surrounding area.

New construction can be compatible with historic properties and buildings through attention to design andmaterials. In addition, existing non-historic buildings can increase their compatibility by following similardesign considerations during renovation projects. Sensitive design of new construction is imperative whenplanning either new buildings, additions to existing buildings, or renovating intrusive non-historic buildings.

Institutional properties, both public and private, are often the exception to the rule. While historic institutionalproperties should follow the same guides for rehabilitation, new institutional buildings may vary from thesurrounding district in some respects to distinguish the property’s civic importance. For example, a newgovernment building may utilize a deeper setback than surrounding historic buildings while using a similarexterior material.

The demolition of historic buildings diminishes the built environment and creates unnecessary waste. Demolitionof a historic structure is only approved in very rare, specific, and narrowly defined circumstances, and nodemolition occurs without approval of post-demolition plans. The aspects the commission considerationinclude but are not limited to: age, integrity, significance, condition, alternatives, and overall effect.

Relocation falls into one of three categories: 1) removing a structure from a historic district, 2) moving astructure into a historic district, or 3) moving a structure to a different location within a historic district.Different criteria are applied to each. Proposed relocation out of a historic district constitutes a loss andtherefore, demolition guidelines apply. New construction guidelines apply for proposed relocations into ahistoric district. For proposed relocations within a historic district, the following considerations apply:age, previous relocation, compatibility of the new site, significance, condition, alternatives, and overalleffect.

relocationrelocationrelocationrelocationrelocation

rehabilitationrehabilitationrehabilitationrehabilitationrehabilitation

new constructionnew constructionnew constructionnew constructionnew construction

design guidelinesdesign guidelinesdesign guidelinesdesign guidelinesdesign guidelines

special considerationspecial considerationspecial considerationspecial considerationspecial consideration

demolitiondemolitiondemolitiondemolitiondemolition

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BeginningsFueled by the discovery of gold in North Georgia and the desire to open land for white settlement, by the 1820sthe state legislature grew anxious to gain control of unceded Indian territories. In 1831 the state legislaturepreemptively directed the governor to survey and distribute all lands west of the Chattahoochee River andnorth of Carroll County creating a single enormous county called Cherokee County.

By late 1832 the survey of North Georgia was complete. Around the same time the state legislature brokeCherokee County in ten smaller, more manageable counties, and thus Cobb County was born.

RailroadIn 1836 the state legislature authored and provided funding for a railroad to extend north from Atlanta (thenMarthasville) to the Tennessee state line (to later connect to Chattanooga and the Tennessee River). TheWestern and Atlantic railroad, as it was known, was to be owned by the State of Georgia. By 1843 therailroad extended some 30 odd miles north of Atlanta where itcrossed Land Lot 30 in northwestern Cobb County. The owner ofLand Lot 30, Alexander Northcutt, was fortunate that this locationwas where the Western and Atlantic decided to build a wateringstation for the railroad. Quite naturally, a small community ofresidences and commercial enterprises known as Northcutt Stationdeveloped around the stop to capitalize on the flow of settlers,travelers, and merchandise. Thus, the foundation of Acworth waslaid.

Appropriate to the town’s relationship to the railroad, the name“Acworth” was given to the town by a transplanted New Englanderby the name of Joseph Gregg. Gregg was a civil engineer employed by the builder of the railroad, ColonelStephen H. Long. It is believed that Gregg’s association with the building of the railroad led to his eventualresidence in Acworth.

The development pattern established by the railroad is clearly present today. Though transportation patternshave shifted modern development, Acworth’s historic downtown, straddling the railroad corridor, remains thecommunity’s business center.

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VISUAL CHARACTERHISTORIC CONTEXT

WarWith secession impending and the specter of war looming, Acworth incorporated on December 1, 1860. Thecorporate limits extended one-half mile in radius from the Western and Atlantic Depot. Ironically, the prosperitythe railroad brought in prior years would now bring destruction as a key strategic asset in the North Georgiatheater in the War Between the States.

As Union soldiers moved into north Georgia in the spring of 1864, the goals of GeneralsSherman and Grant were simple: shatter the transportation structure (the Western andAtlantic) connecting Georgia to the battlefields of northern Virginia and lay waste tothe industrial and agricultural underpinning of the state.

In June of 1864 Sherman’s army occupied Acworth and the Western and Atlantic tothe north. Sherman found Acworth abandoned as most civilians had fled to surroundingcounties beyond the scope of fighting. Sherman soon moved on from Acworth, but thecommunity remained a staging area for the impending battle with Confederate forcesat Kennesaw Mountain. Later, Union troops without order and acting on their ownvolition, set fire to the town of Acworth. With a few exceptions the small communitywas laid to waste.

Industrial Development and Economic ProsperityFollowing the War, the city of Acworth and the Western and Atlantic set to rebuilding. The city wasreincorporated in 1870 including the area within a one mile radius of the Western and Atlantic depot. Theyears following Reconstruction brought unprecedented prosperity to the small community as the railroad andindustry made Acworth an exemplary New South community.Acworth offered railside sites and tax exemptions to industrieswilling to establish facilities there.

Through the turn of the century Acworth continued to serveprimarily as a center to the surrounding agricultural community.The community relied upon industry and shipping to processand move agriculture products on to other markets. As wastrue with most of the South, Acworth was highly dependent onthe staple of cotton. By the early 1880s, it was estimated that

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upward of 6,000 bales of cotton were shipped from Acworth yearly. Though thecommunity remained dependent upon cotton, some industrial diversificationoccurred and by the turn of the century the town possessed two flour mills anda tannery. It was during this period that most of the historic commercial core ofAcworth developed as well as a healthy portion of the community’s residentialhistoric core.

The reliance upon cotton continued well into the early twentieth century whenthe Boll Weevil wrought economic collapse on the region. Recognizing the needfor further diversification of industry, Acworth was able to attract new industryto offset the shifting economic base. Examples include the arrival of textilemanufacturing operations such as the Elizabeth Bartlett Mill and the Unique

Knitting Company. This trend continued into the 1940s when Royce Manufacturing Company moved toAcworth to open a facility for the production of stuffed toys and (later) life vests and boat cushions.

Tourism and SuburbiaBy the 1910s, a new industry was on the rise in America – automobile tourism. In response to the desire toexploit this new industry (in addition for the desire to provide an interstate highway system to aid farmers andpromote the common defense) the Dixie Highway was constructed, not by the federal government, but ratherthrough a common effort on the part of state and local officials along the proposed route. With the DixieHighway came northern tourists to visit sites such as the recently authorized KennesawNational Battlefield site (1917) and spend money in the South. Renamed U.S. Route 41in 1926 when it was adopted as a component of the fledgling federal highway system, theDixie Highway passed through the heart of Acworth.

In the second half of the twentieth century two events secured the future of Acworth asa bedroom community of Atlanta. First, in the 1950s the Army Corps of Engineerscompleted the impoundment of Lake Acworth thereby increasing the community’sattractiveness as a commuter and recreational destination. Later in 1977, Interstate-75was opened north of Atlanta providing an easy commute to and from the town.

Today Acworth continues to serve as a bedroom community of metropolitan Atlanta. Aware of the preservationissues brought forth by the rapid expansion of its larger neighbor, the Historic Preservation Commission hasrecommended the designation of both National Register and Local Historic districts as a first step towardpreserving the community’s historic core.

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VISUAL CHARACTERBUILDING TYPES

Structures make the most obvious contribution to visual character and are commonly discussed in terms ofbuilding type. In general, a building type refers to structures which share a similar arrangement of features.A one story example is called a cottage whereas the same form with two stories is called a house. Abuilding type can indicate whether a building is rare or common in an area and, in some cases, identify thehistorical period in which the structure was most likely built.

Single Pen, 1850-19004roof: side gable4rooms: one4facade doors: one4chimneys: gable end

Saddlebag, 1830-19304roof: side gable4rooms: two4facade doors: one or two4chimneys: center ridge

Central Hall Cottage, 1830-18904roof: side gable4rooms: two with central hall4facade doors: one, centered4chimneys: both gable ends

Hall-Parlor, 1870-19304roof: side gable4rooms: two4facade doors: one4chimneys: gable end

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Shotgun, 1870-19304roof: front gable or hip4rooms: two or more in line4doors: one4chimneys: ridge

New South Cottage, 1890-19254roof: hip with gables4rooms: five or more with a hallway4doors: one, central4chimneys: on roof slopes

Pyramidal Cottage, 1910-19304roof: pyramidal4rooms: four equal4facade doors: one4chimneys: lateral exterior

Gabled Ell Cottage, 1875-19154roof: cross gable4rooms: three or more;

(in a T or L often with a hallway)4doors: one4chimneys: on ridges or

gable end

Georgian Cottage, 1850-19304roof: hip or side gable4rooms: four;

stacked with center hallway4doors: one, centered4chimneys: two,

symmetric, on roof slope

Queen Anne House/Cottage, 1880-19004roof: hip with gables4rooms: four or more

with no hallway4doors: one, central4chimneys: on roof slopes

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I-House, 1840-18904roof: side gable4rooms: two with central hall4facade doors: one, centered4chimneys: gable ends

Gabled Ell House, 1870-19204roof: cross gable4rooms: three or more;

(in a T or L often with a hallway)4doors: one4chimneys: on ridges or

gable end

Queen Anne House, 1880-19004roof: hip with gables4rooms: four or more

with no hallway4doors: one, central4chimneys: on roof slopes

VISUAL CHARACTERBUILDING TYPES

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Georgian House, 1850-19304roof: hip or side gable4rooms: four; stacked with center hallway4doors: one, centered4chimneys: two, symmetric, on roof slope or

two on each side

American Foursquare, 1915-19304roof: pyramidal4rooms: four on each floor4doors: one, off-center4chimneys: varied

Bungalow, 1900-19504roof: front gable, hip, side gable, or

cross gable4rooms: five or more with varied,

irregular floor plans4doors: varied4chimneys: varied

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VISUAL CHARACTERARCHITECTURAL STYLES

Style, the external decoration of a building, is another classification method for describing structures. Whenall the defining aspects of a particular style are present, a building may be labeled as high style. If only afew stylistic details are present, the building is referred to as influenced by a style or as having elements ofa style. High style buildings are few in number and are often designed by an architect; whereas, buildingswith elements of a style are quite common as local interpretations of an architectural style.

Greek Revival - 1825-18604roof: hipped with a low pitch4detail/materials: clapboard, classical

columns, heavy entablature4door: symmetrically oriented, framed by

sidelights and transom4windows: double-sashed, 9/94porch: full-height, full-facade

Italianate, 1840-18854roof: hipped4detail/materials: clapboard, paneled boxed

columns, detailed cornices with brackets,heavy window crowns4door: paneled surrounded by transom and

sidelights4windows: double-sashed, 6/64porch: one-story, full-width

Gothic Revival - 1840-18804roof: side gabled with a steep pitch often

with center or paired gables4detail/materials: clapboard or board-and-

batten; elaborate porch supports;vergeboards; finials; window molding4door: sidelights and transom occur4windows: double-sashed, 2/24porch: one store, full-facade

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Queen Anne - 1880-19104roof: multiple gables4detail/materials: clapboard, turned posts,

sawnwork4door: asymmetrically oriented4windows: double-sashed4porch: one story wrap, balcony

NeoClassical, 1895-19504roof: hipped with a low pitch4detail/materials: clapboard, classical columns, heavy

entablature4door: symmetrically oriented, framed by sidelights

and transom4windows: double-sashed4porch: full-height, full-facade

Colonial Revival, 1880-19554roof: side gable with a steep pitch, dormers4detail/materials: brick, classical columns4door: symmetrically oriented, classical door

surround4windows: double-sashed, 9/94porch: portico

Folk Victorian - 1870-19104roof: usually gabled4detail/materials: clapboard, Italianate, Queen Anne,

and Gothic inspired ornament primarily applied toporches and cornices4door: symmetrically oriented4windows: double-sashed4porch: asymmetric, one story, often wrapping

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Tudor, 1890-19404roof: cross gables, steeply pitch4detail/materials: brick, crenulations,

stonework, elaborate chimney4door: asymmetrically oriented,

Tudor arch4windows: double-sashed, casement,

arched4porch: entry porch, integrated

Craftsman, 1905-19304roof: gabled with a low pitch4detail/materials: novelty board,

knee braces, half-timbering4door: framed by sidelights4windows: double-sashed, 12/14porch: square columns on piers,

porte-cochere

Minimal Traditional, 1930-19504roof: cross gables, steeply pitch4detail/materials: brick, crenulations,

stonework, elaborate chimney4door: asymmetrically oriented, Tudor

arch4windows: double-sashed, casement,

arched4porch: entry porch, integrated

VISUAL CHARACTERARCHITECTURAL STYLES

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Topics/Issues

RehabilitationRoofs - Shape & FeaturesMaterialsDetailsStorefrontsWindowsDoorsAwningsAdditions

New ConstructionPlacementScaleFormOpeningsMaterials & Details

Site & SettingWalls & FencesSignsModern Features

[PG 40-49] Discusses the most significantaspects of new construction and itsrelationship to and potential impact uponthe existing built environment for non-residential properties and areas. Highlightscommon mistakes to avoid.

[PG 50-55] Outlines the accessory featurescommonly located on historic propertiesand reviews their relationship to the historicbuilding for non-residential properties andareas. Highlights common mistakes toavoid and provides examples of changessubject to the design review process.

[PG 24-39] Reviews the elements of historicconstruction that contribute toarchitectural style and building form fornon-residential properties and areas.Highlights common mistakes to avoid andprovides examples of changes subject tothe design review process.

GOAL:

24ROOFS

The primary goal is to maintain the originalform of the building, especially as seen fromthe public view.

Actions to achieve the goal:

4 Maintain the existing pitch and shape of theroof as seen from the public view. Changeshidden by existing parapets may be allowed.

4 Replace existing roofing materials with the sametype of roofing material. Changes hidden byexisting parapets may be allowed.

4 Secondary features and character definingmaterials which contribute to design shouldbe retained.

4 Maintain historic chimneys.

4 Preserve historic skylights whenever possible.

Roof shape refers to the overall rooftype and pitch. Roof features are anyitems attached to the roof, includingparapets.

REHABILITATION SHAPE &FEATURES

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Character defining. An element whosedesign and material is associated with theage and style of a building and helps defineits architectural style (e.g. tile roofing onMission Style buildings).

Facade.The front elevation or “face” of a building.

Pitch.A term which refers to the steepness of roofslope.

Parapet.A low protective wall located at the edge ofa roof.

Public view.That which can be seen from any public right-of-way.

Routine maintenance.Any action performed in order to preserve ahistoric property including minorreplacement of materialwith like materialproviding no change is made to theappearance of the structure or grounds.

- more terms found in the Glossary, p. 96

Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing a flat roof witha gable roof which is nothidden by the parapet. [A]

4 Removing ornamentalroof features. [B]

4 Repointing parapets withcement or not matchingthe original mortar joints.

4 Adding a story to thebuilding. [C]

[A]

[B]

[C]

Changes requiring a COAExamples:

* Changing the pitch or shape of aroof.

* Reroofing a roof with a materialwhich is different than the existingmaterial.

* Removing or adding chimneys.* Stuccoing brick chimneys.* Repointing parapets or chimneys.

Changes not requiring a COAExamples:

* Reroofing a roof with the samematerial.

* Repairing flashing.* Repairing existing gutters.

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GOAL:

26MATERIALS

The primary goal is to maintain the texturecreated by historic exterior materials.


4 Maintain historic exterior materials.

4 Leave unpainted historic masonry unpaintedand uncoated.

4 Repair damaged exterior materials in-kind andonly in the area of damage, rather than totalreplacement.

4 Use a historic mortar mix [formula found in theglossary] and match the original mortar jointswhen repointing brick. Use a qualifiedprofessional mason.

4 Use the gentlest means possible to clean exteriormaterials.

Materials, in this instance, refers to thematerials of the exterior walls.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Bond.A term used to describe the various patternsin which brick is laid.

Gentlest means possible.The least abrasive, intrusive, damagingmeans of preserving historic material.

Historic mortar mix.There are designated five mortar types.Typically, the repointing mortar for historicbuildings will be a Type O or K mortar.Mortar specifications permit a range ofproportions, but typical proportions byvolume are: Type O -1 part portlandcement, 2 parts hydrated lime, and 9 partssand; Type K - 1 part portland cement, 4parts hydrated lime and 15 parts sand.

In-kind.Using the exact same material when replacinga damaged element (e.g. using a woodelement to replace a wood element).

Reveal.The vertical profile created by the lap ofsiding, window casings, muntins, doorsurrounds, etc.

Siding. The exterior wall covering orsheathing of a structure.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing vinyl siding,aluminum, exteriorinsulating finishingsystems (E.I.F.S. orsynthetic stucco), oranother type of syntheticsiding on a historicbuilding. [A]

4 Sandblasting exteriorsurfaces which willremove historic brick’sprotective exterior. [B]

4 Painting or “waterproof”coating unpaintedmasonry. “Waterproofing”rarely corrects waterinfiltration and oftenworsens damage bytrapping the moisture.

[A]

[B]

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* Removing siding material (historic ornon-historic).

* Residing a building.* Painting unpainted masonry.* Entirely removing paint from a

building.


* Repainting a building.* Preparing surfaces for repainting.

GOAL:

28DETAILS

The primary goal is to maintain detailelements typical to commercial buildings,many of which impart a specific architecturalstyle.


4 Maintain and preserve historic details.

4 Replace damaged details with details of match-ing material and matching design.

4 Restore missing details when documentationof those elements are available.

Details refers to those components onthe exterior of the building which serveto embellish the structure. Details areoften related to a specific architecturalstyle.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Bracket.A decorative support feature located undereaves or overhangs.

Capital.Topmost member of a column or pilaster.

Cornice.The uppermost, projecting part of anentablature, or feature resembling it.

Dentil.One of a series of small, square, tooth orblock-like projections forming a molding.

Documentation.Evidence of missing elements orconfigurations of buildings such asarchitectural plans, historic photographs,or “ghosts” of missing elements.

Pilaster.A pier attached to a wall, often with capitaland base.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Adding architecturaldetails where none existedbefore. [A]

4 Removing details from abuilding. [B]

4 Adding shutters which donot fit the windows. [A]

4 Using stock, out of scale,details rather thanmatching the originaldetails.

[B]

[A]

COM

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29


* Removing architectural details.* Adding architectural details.


* Repairing architectural details.* Repainting architectural details.

GOAL:

30

Storefront refers to the first floor ofhistoric commercial buildings usuallyconsisting of an entrance, displaywindows, transoms, and bulkheads.The primary goal is to maintain the original

materials and configuration of the storefront.


4 Maintain historic cast iron columns.

4 Maintain transoms. Reopening previouslycovered transoms is encouraged.

4 Maintain original window components replacingonly damaged portions.

4 Maintain the high ratio of window to wall indisplay area. Restoring previously encloseddisplay windows based on documentation ortraditional design is encouraged.

4 Maintain original bulkheads and if entirereplacement is necessary, use materials similarto the original.

STOREFRONTREHABILITATION

storefront cornice(may contain signboard)

transom window

display window

store entrance(may be recessed)

bulkhead

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Bulkhead.The panel between framing members andbeneath the display windows in a storefront;also known as a kickpanel or kickplate.



In-kind.Using the exact same material whenreplacing a damaged element (e.g. using awood element to replace a wood element).

Transom.A small operable or fixed window locatedabove a window or door.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing wooden bulkheadswith brick. [A]

4 Replacing display windowswith smaller or more elaboratewindows. [B]

4 Replacing display windowswith wall surface.

4 Placing window air condition-ers in transom windows.

4 Covering transom windowswith plywood. [C]

[C]

[A]

[B]

COM

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31


* Replacement of the existingstorefront.

* Replacement of a nonhistoricstorefront.* Replacement of the bulkheads.* Replacement of all glass.


* Repair of broken glass with clearglass.

GOAL:

32WINDOWS

The primary goal is to maintain the historicwindows, their design, and their placement.


4 Maintain and preserve historic windows.

4 Repair damaged portions of historic windowsrather than replacing them in total.

4 Historic windows damaged beyond repairshould be replaced with windows of matchingmaterials, design, pane configuration, andmuntin profile. Aluminum clad wood windowsmay be allowed on upper story windows, butnot windows of vinyl or aluminum construction.

4 Maintain the historic window configuration anddimensions.

4 New windows on side and rear elevationsshould relate to historic windows in thefollowing ways:a) use matching materials,b) be of matching or similar size, andc) use matching or similar design.

4 Storm windows must match the color of thewindow frame and obscure the window aslittle as possible.

Windows refers to glazed openings inthe exterior walls of the building. (seealso Storefronts, p. 30)

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Beyond repair.When such a large portion of an element isdamaged that repair becomes infeasible,generally, but not specifically, more than 50%.

Double hung window.A window having two sashes, one slidingvertically over the other.

Fenestration.The arrangement of window openings in abuilding.

Lintel.A horizontal beam over a door or windowwhich carries the weight of the wall above;usually made of stone or wood.

Muntin.A secondary framing member to divide andhold the panes of glass in a window.

Sash.The portion of a window that holds the glassand which moves.

Sill.The horizontal member located at the top ofa foundation supporting the structure above;also the horizontal member at the bottom ofa window or door.

Solid-to-void.The total area of wall in comparison to thetotal area of openings on an elevation.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing viable(deteriorated butrepairable) historicwindows with newwindows, even similarlooking windows.

4 Replacing windows withflat muntins with noprofile.

4 Replacing windows withtinted glass, single panes,or smaller windows. [A]

4 Reducing the size ofwindows. [B]

4 Infilling windows. [C]

4 Adding storm windowswhich obscure the historicwindow.

[A] [B] [C]

COM

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ABILITATION

33


* Removing and replacing windows.* Filling in existing window openings.* Adding new window opening.* Adding new storm windows andscreens.


* Replacing broken window glass.* Repairing damaged portions of

existing sashes.* Weather-stripping, caulking, paint-

ing and other general maintenance.* Adding clear UV coating.

GOAL:

34DOORS

The primary goal is to maintain the historicdoors, their design, and their placement.


4 Maintain and preserve historic doors andsurrounding features.

4 Repair damaged portions of historic doorsrather than replacing the door in total.

4 Historic doors damaged beyond repair shouldbe replaced with doors that match in materialand design.

4 Maintain the historic door placement on thefacade including entrances to upper floors.

4 Replace non-historic doors with a replicationof the historic door (if documentation exists)or a design typical for the age of the building.

Doors refers to entrances into thebuilding including the doorway andfeatures around the doorway. (see alsoStorefronts, p. 30)

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Beyond repair.When such a large portion of an element isdamaged that repair becomes infeasible,generally, but not specifically, more than50%.


French door. A door made of many glass panes, usuallyused in pairs and attached by hinges to thesides of the opening in which it stands.

Mullion. A heavy vertical divider betweenwindows or doors.

Pediment.A triangular crowning element forming thegable of a roof; any similar triangular elementused over windows, doors, etc.

Surround.An encircling border or decorative frame,usually around a window or door.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing viable(deteriorated butrepairable) historic doorswith new doors, evensimilar looking doors.

4 Using a door with aresidential appearance.[A].

4 Adding or removingdoors on the facade.

4 Adding sidelights,transoms, fanlights, orother features where noneexisted before. [B]

[A]

[B]

COM

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ABILITATION

35


* Removing and replacing doors.* Filling in existing door openings.* Adding new door openings.* Adding new storm /screen doors.


* Repairing damaged portions ofexisting doors.

* Weather-stripping, caulking, paint-ing and other general maintenance.

GOAL:

36AWNINGS

The primary goal is to promote the use oftraditional form and design for awnings andcanopies.


4 Maintain historic awnings and canopies.

4 Use canvas for awning materials.

4 Match awnings shape to the shape of thewindow or door opening.

4 Fit awning within the frame of the window ordoorway without covering architectural detail.

4 Traditional shed-style, sloping, fabric/canvasawnings are encouraged.

Awnings refers to elements projectingfrom the building which provide shadeto the adjacent area. Canopies areincluded.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Awning.A sloped projection supported by a frameattached to the building facade or by simplemetal posts anchored to the sidewalk.

Canopy.A flat projection from the building facade orattached to the building facade to shelterthe storefront and pedestrian traffic.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using a rounded awningfor a rectangular doorwayor window. [A]

4 Using an awning whichdoes not match thedimension of the doorwayor window. [B]

4Using barrel-style awnings.[C]

4 Using flat projecting metalor rigid plastic awnings.

4Lighting awnings internally.

4 Using a continuous awningacross two buildings to jointhem as one business. [D]

4 Constructing a frontporch and balcony wherenone existed before.

[A]

[D]

[C]

[B]

COM

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ABILITATION

37


* Removing awnings.* Adding a new awnings or canopies.


* Replacing awning canvas.* Repairing a metal awning.* Repainting a metal awning.

GOAL:

38ADDITIONS

The primary goal is to allow expansion whilemaintaining historic character.Actions to achieve the goal:4 Additions should respect the original portion of

the building by:a) being placed away from the public view

on the rear elevation or (for buildings noton the square) on a side elevation wellbehind the facade,

b) maintaining the form, orientation, andsymmetry of the original structure,

c) creating a discernible break at the juncturewith the original structure,

d) using matching or similar materials such asroofing and siding,

e) using matching or similar elements, suchas windows, on side elevations andreserving more modern elements for therear elevation,

f) using a degree of ornamentation equal tothe original or less, and

g) being reversible with a limited loss ofhistoric materials and elements.

Additions refers to any increase in thesquare footage of a building.

REHABILITATION

additions are bestplaced at the rear ofthe building

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Elevation.Any of the external faces of a building.



Reversible.Constructing additions or new elements insuch a manner that if removed in the futureoriginal form and material would be largelyunchanged.


Orientation.The direction that the building (usuallyincludes the primary entrance) faces.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Constructing the walls ofthe addition flush with thefacade of the originalstructure. [A]

4 Constructing an additionout of scale which greatlyalters the original form ofthe building.

4 Using incompatiblematerials or details on anaddition. [B]

4 Removing a large amountof original material to addan addition.

[B]

[A]

COM

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ABILITATION

39


* Adding an addition to a building.* Removing an addition from a

building.


* Routine maintenance to existingadditions.

GOAL:

40PLACEMENT

The primary goal is to follow the distinctrhythm established by the placement patternof historic buildings in the district.


4 New buildings should respect the placement ofnearby historic buildings by being:

a) placed at a setback equal to or within 10feet of that of nearby similar historicbuildings or similar buildings within thedistrict,

b) placed centrally on a lot with equal spacingon each side (party walls for buildings onthe square), and

c) oriented towards (or facing) the samestreet as nearby historic buildings.

Placement refers to how the buildingis located or situated upon its lot.Placement includes building setback,spacing, and orientation.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

Downtown buildings are placedat the front of their lots (zero lotline) and share side walls withadjacent buildings (partywalls).

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Nearby historic buildings.The closest possible examples: 1) adjacenthistoric buildings, 2) historic buildings alongthe same street, 3) historic buildings withinthe immediate area, 4) historic buildingswithin the district.


Party wall.A common, shared wall between twobuildings; typical of downtown brickbuildings.

Rhythm.The pattern created by the relationship ofelements along a street or on individualbuildings (e.g. buildings to the open spaceor windows to wall space).

Setback.A term used to define the distance a buildingis located from a street or sidewalk.

Spacing.The distance between adjacent buildings.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placement of a buildingfacing a different street;corner or dual frontageproperties should followthe example set by nearbyhistoric corner properties.[A]

4 Placement of a buildingnot on the front lot line.[B]

4 Placement of a buildingwith side setbacks notparty walls. [C]

[B]

[C]

[A]

[B]

[C]

over

head

vie

wov

erhe

ad v

iew

COMM

ERCIAL NEW

CONSTRUCTION

41

GOAL:

42SCALE

The primary goal is to follow the establisheddimensions of historic buildings within thedistrict.


4 New buildings should respect the existing scaleof historic buildings by being:

a) either one-story or two-story dependingupon the uniformity of height displayed bynearby historic buildings,

b) approximately the same width as nearbyhistoric buildings of similar form, and

c) approximately the same depth of nearbyhistoric buildings; for more depth, newbuildings should follow the addition patternof nearby historic buildings of similar scale.

Scale refers to a building’s dimensions- height, width, and depth - particularlyin comparison to other buildings in thevicinity.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

width includes the actualwidth and the number of bays

height includes both thenumber of stories as well asstory heights

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Bay.The horizontal divisions of a building,defined by windows, columns, pilasters, etc.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Constructing a buildingof more than two stories.[A]

4 Constructing a buildingout of scale with itsneighbors even though thenumber of stories is equal.[B]

4 Constructing a buildingthat is too wide andcreates an inappropriatehorizontal appearance.[C]

[C]

[A]

[B]

43

COMM

ERCIAL NEW

CONSTRUCTION

GOAL:

44FORM

The primary goal is to follow the uniquepattern of building forms found within thehistoric district.


4 New buildings should respect the existing formrepresented among historic buildings by:

a) using roof shapes, pitches, and parapetssuch as those on nearby similar historicbuildings or similar buildings within thedistrict,

b) creating a main block and using secondaryblocks in a manner similar to that of nearbysimilar historic buildings or similar buildingswithin the district, and

c) having foundations of the similar height andpattern as similar historic buildings.

Form refers to a building’s overallshape and composition. Vertically thereare three divisions of form: the roof,the body, and the foundation.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

From the front each building creates a silhouette.On blueprints, this known as an "elevation."

Each building creates a "footprint"created by the exterior walls of thebuilding. On blueprints, this iscalled the "plan" or "floor plan."

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Main block.The central mass of a building, generallyexcluding secondary blocks such asadditional wings, projections, dormers, orporches.


Pitch. A term which refers to the steepnessof roof slope.

Secondary blocks. Portions of the buildingattached to the central mass of a building,generally such as additional wings,projections, dormers, or porches.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Constructing a parapetwith a form or styleatypical to the area. [A]

4 Constructing a buildingwith secondary blocksrather than one mainblock. [B]

4 Constructing a buildingwith a roof form unlike theestablished pattern. [C]

[A]

[B][C]

45

COMM

ERCIAL NEW

CONSTRUCTION

GOAL:

46OPENINGS

The primary goal is to follow the solid-to-voidratio characteristic of historic buildings in thedistrict.


4 New buildings should respect the pattern ofopenings on historic buildings by:

a) using openings of similar dimensions andshape,

b) placing or distributing openings in a mannersimilar to that of nearby similar historicbuildings or similar buildings within thedistrict, and

c) balancing the ratio of solid-to-void by usingthe appropriate amount of opening on anelevation.

Openings refers to windows anddoors. Void is another term foropenings.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

Downtown commercial buildingshave a high degree of void atstreet level and evenly spacedsmaller voids on upper floors.

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:






Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using an asymmetricaldistribution of windowsand doors whensymmetrical facades arethe established patternwithin that block. [A]

4 Using a high solid-to-void ratio at ground level(the storefront) or a lowsolid-to-void ratio onupper floors. [B]

4 Failing to align openingswith other buildings onthe same block. [C]

[C]

[A]

[B]

47

COMM

ERCIAL NEW

CONSTRUCTION

GOAL:

48MATERIALS & DETAILS

The primary goal is to follow the pattern ofuse of materials within the historic district.


4 New buildings should respect the historicmaterials within the district by using thepredominant exterior material - namely brick.

4 New buildings should respect the ornamentationwithin the district by:

a) using ornamentation in a manner similar tothat of nearby similar historic buildings orsimilar buildings within the district, and

b) using ornamentation to a degree equal toor less than that of nearby similar historicbuildings or similar buildings within thedistrict.

Materials refers to the composition,texture, and appearance of the exteriorsurface of a building. Details refers toornamentation that embellish thebuilding.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

Shaded areas are traditionallocations of ornament on

commercial buildings.

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:




Synthetic stucco (EIFS).Exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS)are multi-component exterior wall systemswhich generally consist of: an insulationboard; a base coat reinforced with glass fibermesh ; and a finish coat.

Variegated brick.Multi-colored brick used in an attempt tocreate an antique look.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using synthetic stucco(E.I.F.S.) [A]

4 Using variegated brick .[B] or concrete block. [C]

4 Using any material otherthan brick.

4 Copying historic styles orthemes not common to thearea such as colonial orwild west. [D]

4 Use of stock details whichdo not match theproportions and degree ofcraftsmanship of historicdetails.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

49

COMM

ERCIAL NEW

CONSTRUCTION

GOAL:

50WALLS & FENCES

The primary goal is to maintain the patternof fencing in the commercial area and to usefencing and walls to screen parking andstorage areas.Actions to achieve the goal:4 Historic fences and retaining walls should be

maintained and not removed.

4 New security fences should limit their impactby:a) being placed behind the rear elevation,

being no taller than 8 feet in height, andb) using traditional materials (in most cases

wood) or screening fence from the publicview with evergreen vegetation or asecond traditional fence.

4 New screening walls can be used to limit theimpact of parking on the district by:a) being of a height to partially screen parked

vehicles;b) replicating the facade line of nearby

historic buildings; andc) using traditional materials (in most cases

brick).

Walls and fences refers tononvegetative elements used in andaround a property for safety, security,and screening.

SITE & SETTING

preferredlocation for

security/storagefencing

acceptablelocation for

fence ifconstructed

oftraditional

materials orscreened

withvegetation

acceptablefor

placementfor low

screeningwalls

building

front

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Evergreen vegetation.Vegetation which retains foliage through thewinter months maintaining its screeningproperty.

Facade line.An imaginary line established by the frontsof buildings on a block.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using nontraditionalmaterials, such as metalchainlink, for fences inthe public view. [A]

4 Placing a privacy fenceflush with the facade of abuilding. [B]

[B]

[A]

COM

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G

51


* Construction of a new fence.* Construction of a new screening

wall.


* Repair of an existing fence.* Painting an existing fence.* Repair of an existing wall.* Temporary fences at construction

sites.

GOAL:

52MODERN FEATURES

The primary goal is to integrate modernfeatures while limiting the negative impact tothe historic district.


4 Mechanical systems placed behind the build-ing and out of the public view.

4 Rooftop mechanical systems, utility meters andsecurity lighting should be placed unobtru-sively.

4 New lighting should use traditional designsappropriate to the character of the building.

4 New parking should:a) be placed as unobtrusively as possible;b) use traditional materials: gravel, concrete,

stone pavers, though asphalt is allowed inthe downtown; and

c) use appropriate screening (see Walls &Fences p. 50).

Modern features refers to equipmentand functions not used in the past suchas dumpsters, fire escapes, mechanicalsystems, and parking areas.

SITE & SETTING


modern featuresincludingparking

acceptableif screened

with acompatible

fence

acceptablefor

parking ifscreenedwith low

wall

building

place rooftopmechanical

systems to rearof roof

front

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Parking.Areas, generally paved, provided for thestorage of automobiles.

Paving.Any material used for pavement such asasphalt, brick, concrete, gravel, or pavers.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Demolishing historicbuildings for parking (seedemolition p.).

4 Failing to screen parkingfrom the public view (seeFences & Walls, p. 48)[A]

4 Placing mechanicalsystems to the front ofrooftops. [B]

[A]

[B]

COM


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53


* Adding parking areas.* Placing exterior mechanical systems

such as satellite dishes, air-condi-tioning units, or utility meters.

* Adding exterior lighting.


* Resurfacing an existing parking areawith the same material.

* Interior changes to mechanicalsystems.

* Temporary event lighting.

GOAL:

54SIGNS

The primary goal is to create signs which bothinform the public and compliment theproperty where they are located.


4 Historic signs should be maintained andpreserved

4 Signs must conform to the City of Acworthsign ordinance and are to be approved on acase by case basis in the Historic BusinessDistrict (HBD) through a formal review byone representative of HPC, DDA, and Citystaff.

4 Signs should:a) be limited in number to the minimum

necessary for identification purposes,b) use traditional sign locations,c) be of a scale appropriate to the building

and the district,d) be painted wood or metal,e) have little ornament or use ornament similar

to the style of the building, andf) avoid attachment to roofs or covering

architectural details.

Signs refers to permanent signs forbusiness identification, advertisement,and operation.

SITE & SETTING

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Cast iron front.A storefront made of glass and pieces ofutilitarian and decorative iron cast in easilyassembled parts.

Corbeling.A series of stepped or overlapped pieces ofbrick or stone forming a projection from thewall surface.


Recessed panel.A decorative element that often functionsas an area for signage.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using more than twosigns per building.

4 Using internally litplastic signs.

4 Using unfinished wood,plastic substrate, orplywood signs.

4 Using inappropriatelylarge signs. [A]

4 Using signs with acolonial motif. [B]

4 Covering architecturaldetails such as thecornice. [C]

4 Painting over orstripping historic paintedsigns.

[B]

[C][A]

COM


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55


* Placing a new sign on a building orproperty.


* Placing temporary signs such asevent, political, or real estate signs(as allowed under the City ofAcworth sign ordinance).

Topics/Issues

RehabilitationRoofs - Shape & DormersRoofs - Materials & FeaturesMaterialsFoundationsDetailsWindowsDoorsPorchesAdditions

New ConstructionPlacementScale & FormOpeningsMaterialsDetails

Site & SettingWalls & FencesWalks & DrivesModern FeaturesOutbuildingsSignsAccess

[PG 76-83] Discusses the most significantaspects of new construction and itsrelationship to and potential impact uponthe existing built environment forresidential properties and areas.Highlights common mistakes to avoid.

[PG 84-95] Outlines the accessory featurescommonly located on historic propertiesand reviews their relationship to the historicbuilding for residential properties andareas. Highlights common mistakes toavoid and provides examples of changessubject to the design review process.

[PG 58-75] Reviews the elements of historicconstruction that contribute toarchitectural style and building form forresidential properties and areas.Highlights common mistakes to avoid andprovides examples of changes subject tothe design review process.

RESIDENTIALCONTENTS

RESIDEN

TIAL

57

GOAL:

58ROOFS

The primary goal is to maintain the originalform of the house, especially as seen fromthe public view.


4 Maintain the existing pitch and shape of theroof.

4 Maintain the shape and style of historic dormers.

4 Place new dormers on the rear roof slope outof the public view.

4 Place skylights on the rear roof slope out of thepublic view. Use skylights with a flat profile,not “bubble” skylights.

Roof shape refers to the overall rooftype, its pitch, as well as any secondaryroof forms. Dormers are roofedwindows projecting from the slope ofthe main roof.

SHAPE &DORMERS

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Pitch.A term which refers to the steepness of roofslope.




Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing a new dormer onthe facade of a housewhere none has existedbefore. [A]

4 Changing the shape ofa roof in order to gainupstairs space. [B]

4 Changing a historicdormer’s shape.

4 Placing skylights on afront roof slope.

[B]

[A]


* Routine maintenance to dormers.


* Changing the pitch or shape of aroof.

* Altering the shape of a dormer.* Addition of a dormer.* Removal of a dormer.* Adding a skylight.

RESIDEN

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59

GOAL:

60ROOFS

The primary goal is to maintain the textureand silhouette created by historic roofingmaterials and features.


4 Replace roofing materials with those that: matchthe existing, replicate the original materials, moreclosely match the original, or are typical for theage, style, and form of the house.

4 Maintain hidden gutters or eaves designedwithout gutters whenever possible.

4 Maintain historic chimneys.

4 Rebuild documented missing chimneyswhenever possible.

4 New chimneys (including chimneys onadditions) should:a) be placed on the rear or toward the rear

on side elevations,b) use traditional design, andc) be brick.

Roof materials refers to the materialwith which the roof is sheathed. Rooffeatures are any items attached to theroof whether functional or ornamental.

MATERIALS& FEATURES

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Character defining.An element whose design and material isassociated with the age and style of abuilding and helps define its architecturalstyle (e.g. pressed tin roofing on Victorianera buildings).

Flashing.Thin metal sheets used to make theintersections of roof planes and roof/walljunctures watertight.

Finial.A projecting decorative element at the topof a roof, turret or gable.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing characterdefining roofing materials(e.g. pressed metalshingles) with anothermaterial.

4 Removing chimneys. [A]

4 Adding modern-looking,false chimneys. [B]

4 Using contemporarymetal roofing systems onresidences where metalroofs are inappropriatefor the style or age of thehouse, for example: highstyle Queen Anne housesor post-WWII structuressuch as ranch houses.

[A]

[B]



* Removing or adding chimneys.* Stuccoing brick chimneys.* Adding roof vents.* Adding gutters were none exist.



* Removing or adding chimneys.* Stuccoing brick chimneys.* Adding roof vents.* Adding gutters were none exist.

RESIDEN

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61

GOAL:

62MATERIALS

The primary goal is to maintain the texturecreated be historic exterior materials.


4 Maintain historic siding.

4 Leave unpainted masonry unpainted anduncoated.

4 Repair damaged siding or replace with in-kindmaterial and only in the area of damage (ratherthan completely replacing the siding).

4 Use a historic mortar mix [see right] and matchthe original mortar joints when repointingbrick. Use a qualified professional mason.

4 Use the gentlest means possible to clean exteriormaterials.

Materials, in this instance,refers to the material withwhich the exterior walls of thehouse are covered.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Bond.A term used to describe the various patternsin which brick is laid.

Gentlest means possible.The least abrasive, intrusive, damagingmeans of preserving historic material.

Historic mortar mix.There are designated five mortar types.Typically, the repointing mortar for historicbuildings will be a Type O or K mortar.Mortar specifications permit a range ofproportions, but typical proportions byvolume are: Type O -1 part portlandcement, 2 parts hydrated lime, and 9 partssand; Type K - 1 part portland cement, 4parts hydrated lime and 15 parts sand.

In-kind.Using the exact same material when replacinga damaged element (e.g. using a woodelement to replace a wood element).

Reveal.The vertical profile created by the lap ofsiding, window casings, muntins, doorsurrounds, etc.

Siding. The exterior wall covering orsheathing of a structure.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing vinyl oraluminum siding, EIFS(synthetic stucco), or anyother type of syntheticsiding on a historic houserather than maintainingand repairing the existingexterior materials.

4 Adding brick veneer to ahouse. [A]

4 Sandblasting exteriorsurfaces.

4Painting or “waterproof”coating unpaintedmasonry.

[A]


* Removing siding material.* Residing a building.* Painting unpainted masonry.* Entirely removing paint from abuilding.* Repointing of brick.


* Repainting a building.* Preparing surfaces for repainting.

RESIDEN

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63

GOAL:

64FOUNDATION

The primary goal is to maintain the originaldesign of the foundation.


4 Maintain the original design and materials ofthe foundation.

4 Maintain open pier foundations of the mainstructure whenever possible.

4 Always leave porch pier foundations open orinfill with wood lattice or vertical wood slats.

4 Pier foundations (excluding porches) may beinfilled if:a) the infill material is recessed from the piers,b) the infill is skim coated with stucco,c) the infill is painted a dark color, andd) vents are installed at regular intervals.

4 Leave unpainted historic masonry foundationmaterials unpainted.

4 Use a historic mortar mix [see right] and matchthe original mortar joints when repointingbrick. Use a qualified professional mason.

Foundation refers to the structure onwhich the house rests and whichanchors the house to the ground.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Historic mortar mix.There are designated five mortar types.Typically, the repointing mortar for historicbuildings will be a Type O or K mortar.Mortar specifications permit a range ofproportions, but typical proportions byvolume are: Type O -1 part portland cement,2 parts hydrated lime, and 9 parts sand; TypeK - 1 part portland cement, 4 parts hydratedlime and 15 parts sand.

Pier.A vertical structural element, square orrectangular in cross section.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4Infilling porchfoundations with solid fill.[A]

4 Using concrete blockbetween piers without askim coat of stucco orpainting it a dark color.[B]

4 Not recessing infillbetween piers. [C]

4 Painting unpainted,historic, masonryfoundations.

[A]

[B]

[C]


* Rebuilding foundations.* Placing material between pierfoundations.* Painting unpainted foundations.* Stuccoing foundations.


* Repainting foundations.* Repointing brick foundations.* Repairing infill material between pier

foundations.

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GOAL:

66DETAILS

The primary goal is to maintain detailelements typical to historic houses, many ofwhich impart a specific architectural style.


4 Maintain and preserve historic details.

4 Replace damaged details with details of match-ing material and matching design.

4 Restore missing details when documentationof those elements are available.

Details refers to those components onthe exterior of the house which serve toembellish the structure often related toa specific architectural style.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Capital.Topmost member of a column or pilaster.


Dentil.One of a series of small, square, tooth orblock-like projections forming a molding.


Fascia.A projecting flat horizontal member ormolding; forms the trim of a flat

Pilaster.A pier attached to a wall, often with capitaland base.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Adding architecturaldetails where none existedbefore.

4 Removing details from ahouse. [A]

4 Using stock, out of scaledetails rather thanmatching the originaldetails. [B]

[A]

[B]


* Removing architectural details.* Adding architectural details.


* Repairing architectural details.* Repainting architectural details.

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GOAL:

68WINDOWS

The primary goal is to maintain the historicwindows, their design, and placement.Actions to achieve the goal:4 Maintain and preserve historic windows – repair

damaged portions of windows rather than replacingthem in total.

4 Historic windows damaged beyond repair should bereplaced with windows of matching size, materials,pane configuration, and muntin profile. Aluminumclad wood windows may be allowed in someinstances.

4 Maintain or restore the historic windowconfiguration on the facade.

4 New windows on side and rear elevationsshould relate to historic windows in thefollowing ways:a) use matching materials,b) be of matching or similar size, andc) use matching or similar design.

4 Only use storm windows which match the colorof the window frame and hide the window aslittle as possible.

Windows refers to glazed openings inthe exterior walls of the building.

REHABILITATION

Replace only deteriorated sectionsrather than the entire window.

stile

rail

muntins

Section of historic muntin.glazing putty

glass

muntin

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Double hung window.A window having two sashes, one slidingvertically over the other.

Fanlight.An semicircular or semi-elliptical windowwith radiating muntins suggesting a fan.

Fenestration.The arrangement of window openings in abuilding.

Lintel.A horizontal beam over a door or windowwhich carries the weight of the wall above;usually made of stone or wood.

Muntin.A secondary framing member to divide andhold the panes of glass in a window.

Sash.The portion of a window that holds the glassand which moves.

Sill.The horizontal member located at the top ofa foundation supporting the structure above;also the horizontal member at the bottom ofa window or door.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4Replacing deteriorated butrepairable historic windowswith new windows, evensimilar looking windows.4Replacing damaged

windows with stock windowsof a different size, design, orwith flat muntins. [A], [B],[E]4Using vinyl or aluminum

replacement windows.4Adding or removing windows

on the facade.4Adding shutters which do not

fit the window or addingshutters to paired windows.[C]4Adding storm windows of

“raw” aluminum or whichhide the historic window. [D]

[A] [B]

[C] [D]

muntins

glass

spacers

Use actual divided lights (ADLs), shown left, orsimulated divided lights (SDLs), shown right,when replacing windows; NOT single lightwindows with grilles, shown below.

glassgrille

[E]


* Removing and replacing windows.* Closing existing window openings.* Adding new window opening.* Adding new storm windows.


* Replacing broken window glass.* Repairing damaged portions of

existing window sashes.* Weatherstripping, caulking, painting

and other general maintenance.

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GOAL:

70DOORS

The primary goal is to maintain historic doors,their design, and their placement.


4 Maintain and preserve historic doors.

4 Repair damaged portions of doors rather thanreplacing them in total.

4 Doors damaged beyond repair should bereplaced with doors of matching materials anddesign.

4 Maintain the door arrangement on the facade.

4 New doors on side and rear elevations shouldrelate to historic doors in the following ways:a) use matching materials,b) be of matching or similar size, andc) use matching or similar design.

4 Use storm doors which match the color of thedoor frame and hide the door as little aspossible.

Doors refers to entrances into thebuilding including the doorway andsurrounding features such as sidelightsand transoms.

REHABILITATION

Replace only deteriorated sections rather thanthe entire door.

stile

panel

rail

glass

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:



Fanlight.An semicircular or semi-elliptical windowwith radiating muntins suggesting a fan.

French door. A door made of many glass panes, usuallyused in pairs and attached by hinges to thesides of the opening in which it stands.

Mullion. A heavy vertical divider betweenwindows or doors.

Pediment.A triangular crowning element forming thegable of a roof; any similar triangular elementused over windows, doors, etc.

Surround.An encircling border or decorative frame,usually around a window or door.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing deteriorated butrepairable historic doorswith new doors, even ifsimilar looking.

4 Replacing damageddoors with stock doors ofa different size or design.[A]

4 Adding or removingdoors on the facade.

4 Adding sidelights,transoms, fanlights, orother features where noneexisted before. [B]

4 Adding storm doorswhich hide the historicdoor. [C]

[A]

[B]

[C]


* Removing and replacing doors.* Closing existing door openings.* Adding new door openings.* Adding new storm or screen doors.


* Repairing damaged portions ofexisting doors.

* Weatherstripping, caulking, paintingand other general maintenance.

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GOAL:

72PORCHES

The primary goal is to maintain the form,design, and materials of historic porches.


4 Maintain and preserve the following aspects ofhistoric porches:a) the open design,b) the historic materialsc) the roof supports and balustrades, andd) the roof shape.

4 Add only elements which are documented tohave existed historically.

4 Screen only rear and side porches or, in veryfew instances, the front porches of vernacularhouses.

4 Set screening behind architectural details.

Porches refers open transitional spacesoutside the envelope of the house,generally roofed, located on the front,rear, or sides of a house.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:



Vernacular.Indigenous architecture that generally is notdesigned by an architect and may becharacteristic of a particular area. Any localadaptation of popular architectural forms.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing porch floorand foundation with slabconcrete or brick. [A]

4 Enclosing or glazing frontporches or enclosing sideporches. [B]

4 Adding front porches tohistoric homes where noneexisted before.

4 Screening architecturallysignificant front porches.

4 Using stock “Victorian”replacement porchfeatures that are out ofscale with historicexamples.

[A]

[B]


* Removing porches or portions ofporches.

* Adding a new porch. (For newdecks see p. 88)

* Enclosing, glazing, or screening aporch.

* Adding, removing, or replacingporch posts, railings, or other porchfeatures.

* Reroofing a porch with a differentmaterial.


* Repainting a porch.* Replacing a damaged porch floor

with the same material.* Reroofing a porch with the same

material.* Routine maintenance.

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GOAL:

74ADDITIONS

The primary goal is to allow for the expansionof a house while maintaining its historiccharacter.Actions to achieve the goal:4 Additions should respect the original portion of

the house by:a) being placed away from the public view

on the rear elevation or on a side elevationwell behind the facade,

b) not obscuring the form, orientation, orsymmetry of the original structure,

c) creating a discernible break at the juncturewith the original structure,

d) using matching or similar materials forroofing and siding,

e) using matching or similar elements, suchas windows, on side elevations andreserving more modern elements for therear elevation,

f) not exceeding the degree of ornamentationon the original structure, and

g) being reversible with a limited loss ofhistoric materials and elements.

Additions refers to any increase in thesquare footage of a house.

REHABILITATION

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:








Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing a side additionflush with the facade ofthe house. [A]

4 Constructing an additionout of scale which greatlyalters the original form orroof of the house. [B]

4 Using incompatiblematerials or details on anaddition.

4 Removing a large amountof original material to addan addition.

[A]

[B]


* Adding an addition to a house.* Removing an addition from a house.


* Routine maintenance to existingadditions.

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GOAL:

76PLACEMENT

The primary goal is to follow the distinctrhythm established by the placement patternof historic homes in the district.


4 New buildings should respect the placement ofnearby historic homes by being:

a) placed at a setback equal to or within 10feet of that of nearby historic homes,

b) placed centrally on a lot with equal spacingon each side, and

c) placed oriented to or facing the same streetas nearby historic homes.

Placement refers to how the buildingis located or situated upon the lot.Placement includes building setback,spacing, and orientation.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

spacing spacing

setback setback

orientation

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Nearby historic homes.The closest possible examples: 1) adjacenthistoric buildings, 2) historic buildings alongthe same street, 3) historic buildings withinthe immediate area, 4) historic buildingswithin the district.


Rhythm.The pattern created by the relationship ofelements along a street or on individualbuildings (e.g. buildings to the open spaceor windows to wall space).

Setback.A term used to define the distance a buildingis located from a street or sidewalk.

Spacing.The distance between adjacent buildings.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Constructing a house toodeep on a lot. [A]

4 Constructing a housediagonally on a lot. [B]

4 Constructing a housefacing a different street;corner or dual frontageproperties should followthe example set by nearbycorner properties.

[A]

[B]

overhead view

[A]

[B] stre

et

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GOAL:

78SCALE & FORM

The primary goal is to follow the establishedpattern of building dimensions and forms ofhistoric buildings within the district.


4 New buildings should respect the existing scaleand form of historic homes by approximatelymatching these aspects of nearby historichomes:

a) the number of stories,

b) the foundation, story , and roof heights,

c) width and depth (for more depth followthe follow traditional addition patterns),

d) roof shapes and pitches, and

e) the use of a main block and usingsecondary blocks; especially the use offront porches.

Scale refers to a building’s dimensions- height, width, and depth. Form refersto a building’s overall shape andcomposition.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

roof height

foundation height

story height

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Main block.The central mass of a building, generallyexcluding secondary blocks such asadditional wings, projections, dormers, orporches.


Pitch. A term which refers to the steepnessof roof slope.

Secondary blocks. Portions of the buildingattached to the central mass of a building,generally such as additional wings,projections, dormers, or porches.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Constructing a one-storybuilding along a street thathas only two-story homes;the reverse scenariowould also beinappropriate. [A]

4 Constructing a buildingthat covers almost anentire lot.

4 Constructing a buildingon a slab foundation. [B]

[A]

[A]

[B]

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GOAL:

80OPENINGS

The primary goal is to follow the solid-to-voidratio characteristic of historic buildings in thedistrict.


4 New buildings should respect the pattern ofopenings on historic homes by:

a) using openings of similar dimensions andshape,

b) placing or spacing openings in a mannersimilar to that of nearby historic homes,

c) using pier foundations for front porches,and

d) balancing the ratio of solid-to-void by usingthe appropriate amount of opening on anelevation.

Openings refers to windows anddoors. Void is another term foropenings.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

similar symmetry or asymmetry

similar openingdimensions

similar solid-to-void ratio

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:






Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using horizontal,rectangular windows on astreet with vertical,rectangular windows. [A]

4 Using an asymmetricalplacement of windows anddoors when symmetricalfacades are theestablished pattern. [B]

4 Using too many openings.

4 Using too few openingsresulting in a blank wallfacade. [C]

4 Using continuousfoundations under frontporches. [D]

[A]

[B] [C]

[D]

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GOAL:

82MATERIALS & DETAILS

The primary goal is to use similar materialsand a similar degree of architectural detailwithin the historic district.Actions to achieve the goal:4 New buildings should respect the historic

materials within the district by:

a) using the predominant exterior sidingmaterial - namely clapboard - or a modernmaterial that creates a similar texture,appearance, and reveal - such as a smoothsurface cementitious board likeHardiplank.

b) using brick and stucco to create a brickpier foundation appearance or true piers,and

c) using brick for chimneys.

4 New buildings should respect the ornamentationwithin the district by using similar detailplacement patterns and using details to an equalor lesser degree.

Materials and details refers to thecomposition, texture, and appearanceof the exterior surface of a building aswell as elements used to embellish thebuilding.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

Shaded areas are traditionallocations of ornament on

residential buildings.

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Clapboard.A wood exterior siding applied horizontallyand overlapped with the lower edge thickerthan the upper.

Reveal. The vertical profile created by the lap ofsiding, window casings, muntins, doorsurrounds, etc.

Siding.The exterior wall covering or sheathing of astructure.



Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using vinyl oraluminium siding.

4 Using synthetic exteriormaterials with a falsewood grain. [A]

4 Using any material otherthan brick for chimneys.[B]

4 Using concrete block forfoundations. [C]

4 Using too many details ina vernacular area. [D]

4 Using stock details whichdo not match theproportions of historicdetails.

[A]

[C]

[B]

[D]

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GOAL:

84WALLS & FENCES

The primary goal is to maintain the patternof open and enclosed spaces found within thehistoric district.Actions to achieve the goal:4 Historic fences and retaining walls should be

maintained and not removed.

4 New fences and front yard retaining walls shouldrespect the pattern within the district by:a) being placed behind the facade line of the

house (except retaining walls); privacy fencesshould be at or behind the rear elevation,

b) using a design appropriate to the district andthe house, and

c) using traditional materials (in most caseswood for fences, poured concrete forretaining walls) appropriate to the district andthe house.

d) being no taller than 36”-54” in height exceptprivacy fences (rear yard only) which maybe up to 8’ tall.

4 Pet enclosures of chainlink should be placed outof the public view or screened with evergreenvegetation or a traditional fence.

Walls and fences refers tononvegitative elements used in andaround a property for privacy, safety,security, and boundary definition.

SITE & SETTING

Avoid fencing unless documented historically.Traditional retaining walls acceptable.

Traditionalfencing and

retainingwalls

acceptable.

Traditionalfencing and

retainingwalls

acceptable.

Traditional and privacy fencing acceptable.Traditional and modern retaining walls acceptable.

Pet enclosures in the public view should be screened.

Fencing Locations_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:






Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing a fence in frontof the house where noneexisted. [A]

4 Using nontraditionalmaterials such aschainlink for fences andrailroad ties for front yardretaining walls. [A]

4 Using a fence designinappropriate to the ageand style of the house ordistrict. [B]

[A]

[B]


* Construction of a new fence.* Construction of a new retaining

wall.* Construction of a pet enclosure.


* Repair of an existing fence.* Painting an existing fence.* Repair of an existing retaining wall.* Temporary fences at construction

sites.

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GOAL:

86WALKS & DRIVES

The primary goal is to maintain the patternof paved and unpaved areas found within thehistoric district.


4 Historic walks and drives should be maintainedand preserved.

4 New walks should:a) use traditional placement: generally, directly

from the street to the entrance for frontwalks, and

b) use traditional materials: gravel, concrete,stone pavers, and in a few instances bricks.

4 New drives should:a) use traditional placement: generally, straight

along the side of the house, andb) use traditional materials: gravel or concrete.

Parking should be located to the rear of thehouse (preferred) or to the side behind thefacade line of the house and screened.

Walks and drives refers to pavedpathways both to the property andwithin the property as well as parkingareas.

SITE & SETTING

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Paving.Any material used for pavement such asasphalt, brick, concrete, gravel, or pavers.


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Using asphalt or brick fordriveways.

4 Using circular driveswhere none existedhistorically. [A]

4 Placing parking forwardof the facade line of thehouse. [B]

4 Constructing walks thatlead only to the driverather than the street orpublic sidewalk. [C]

[C]

[A]

[B]


* Removing an existing walk or drive.* Constructing a new walk or drive.* Changing the paving material for

and existing walk or drive.* Extending an existing walk or drive.* Adding parking areas.


* Resurfacing an existing walk, driveor parking area with the samematerial.

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GOAL:

88MODERN FEATURES

The primary goal is to integrate modernfeatures while limiting the negative impact tothe historic district.


4 Mechanical systems and recreational structuressuch as pools or play equipment are bestplaced toward the rear of the property asunobtrusively as possible.

4 Mechanical systems within the public viewshould be screened with evergreen vegetationor appropriate fencing.

4 Modern decks should be located at the rear ofthe house.

4 New porch and landscape lighting should:a) use traditional designs appropriate to the

age and character of the house, orb) use modern lighting fixtures placed

inconspicuously.

Modern features refers to mechanicalsystems, lighting, and recreationalequipment not available in the past butnow part of everyday life.

SITE & SETTING


modern featuresacceptableif screened

with acompatible

fence orevergreenvegetation

acceptableif screened

with acompatible

fence orevergreenvegetation

Modern Feature Locations_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:





Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing mechanicalsystems or recreationalequipment to the front ofthe property. [A]

4 Placing a modern deck onthe facade or sideelevation of a house. [B]

4 Not screening side yardplacements from thepublic view.

4 Using “Victorian” streetlights in a residential area.[C]

4 Using colonial carriagelamps for porch lighting.[D]

[B][C]

[D][A]

[A]


* Placing exterior mechanical systemssuch as satellite dishes or air-conditioning units.

* Constructing a deck or pool.* Constructing a semipermanent play

structure.* Adding exterior lighting including

porch lights.


* Interior changes to mechanicalsystems.

* Planting vegetative screening aroundexisting mechanical systems.

* Temporary event lighting or tenting.* Placing mailboxes.

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GOAL:

90OUTBUILDINGS

The primary goal is to preserve historicoutbuildings and to pattern new outbuildingsafter historic examples.


4 Historic outbuildings should be preserved andmaintained.

4 Rehabilitation of historic outbuildings shouldbe consistent with the rehabilitation guidelinesfor houses with regard to foundations,materials, details, windows, doors, and roofs.

4 New outbuildings should:a) use traditional placement, generally well

behind the rear wall of the house,b) should not be attached to the house,c) should not be out of scale with the house,

andd) should use materials and design compatible

with the house when within the public view.

Outbuildings refers to historic andmodern structures secondary to themain structure on the property.

SITE & SETTING

modern designand

constructionacceptable

traditionaldesign andconstructionacceptable

traditionaldesign andconstructionacceptable

Outbuilding Locations

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:





Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Placing outbuildings,including garages andcarports, at the front ofthe property. [A]

4 Attaching carports orgarages to the house.

4Constructing outbuildingsof an incompatible designwhen within the publicview. [B]

4 Using modern materialswhen the outbuilding iswithin the public view.

4Constructing outbuildingsof an inappropriate scale.

[A]

[B]


* Demolition of an outbuilding.* Construction of garage or carport.* Construction of a storage shed.* Construction of any other type of

outbuilding.* Adding to an outbuilding.* Relocation of an outbuilding.


* Painting an outbuilding.* Reroofing an outbuilding.* Routine maintenance to an

outbuilding.

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GOAL:

92SIGNS

The primary goal is to create signs which bothinform the public and compliment theproperty where they are located.


4 Signs must conform to the City of Acworthsign ordinance.

4 Signs should:a) be limited one (1) sign per unit and indicate

only the name of the occupant and theaddress number,

b) adhere to the prevailing design scheme ofthe structure and the district,

c) be painted wood, metal, or masonry,d) be wall mounted or hanging and lighted

indirectly, ande) not exceed four (4) square feet in area.

Signs refers to permanent signs forhome businesses, special use businessesin residential areas, or businesses inhomes now zoned nonresidential.

SITE & SETTING

_______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:


Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Illuminating commercialsigns in a residential signdistrict.

4 Using inappropriatelylarge signs. [B]

4 Using signs with acolonial motif. [A]

4 Covering architecturaldetails such as porchrailings. [B]

[A]

[B]


* Placing a sign in the yard or on thebuilding.


* Placing temporary signs such asyard sale, political, or real estatesigns.

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GOAL:

94ACCESS

The primary goal is to provide barrier freeaccess and code required egress whilepreserving the historic character of thebuilding.


4 Place ramps and other access aids asunobtrusively as possible while still providingconvenient access to users.

4 Use materials which create the least visualimpact.

4 Place fire escapes on side or rear elevations.

4 Screen access changes with vegetation.

4 Limit the removal of historic material.

4 Make changes reversible.

Access refers to changes required bysafety codes, fire codes, the Americanswith Disabilities Act, or owners’ specialaccess needs.

SITE & SETTING

most preferredno screening necessary

acceptablescreeningand lowimpactdesign

necessary

acceptablescreeningand lowimpactdesign

necessary

least preferredscreening and low impact

design necessary

Access Locations _______________________________________________________________Glossary terms:

Barrier free access.The provision of appropriateaccommodations to ensure use of buildingsby persons with disabilities.






Notes/Revisions:

Common Mistakes

4 Replacing or coveringfront steps with a ramp.[B]

4 Adding a fire escape tothe facade. [A]

4 Altering the symmetry ofa building.

4 Not screening accessfeatures within the publicview.

[B]

[A]


* Constructing a wheelchair ramp.* Constructing a fire escape.* Constructing an exterior elevator.


* Interior modifications foraccessibility.

* Minor alterations of thresholds foraccessibility.

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Addition. New construction added to an existing building or structure.Alteration. Work which impacts any exterior architectural feature including construction,reconstruction, or removal of any building or building element.Arch. A curved construction which spans an opening and supports the weight above it.Awning. A sloped projection supported by a frame attached to the building facade or bysimple metal posts anchored to the sidewalk.Barrier free access. The provision of appropriate accommodations to ensure use ofbuildings by persons with disabilities.Bay. The horizontal divisions of a building, defined by windows, columns, pilasters, etc.Beyond repair. When such a large portion of an element is damaged that repair becomesinfeasible, generally, but not specifically, more than 50%.Bond. A term used to describe the various patterns in which brick is laid.Bracket. A decorative support feature located under eaves or overhangs.Bulkhead. The panel between framing members and beneath the display windows in astorefront; also known as a kickpanel or kickplate.Canopy. A flat projection from the building facade or attached to the building facade toshelter the storefront and pedestrian traffic.Capital. Topmost member of a column or pilaster.Cast iron front. A storefront made of glass and pieces of utilitarian and decorative ironcast in easily assembled parts.Character defining. An element whose design and material is associated with the age andstyle of a building and helps define its architectural style (e.g. tile roofing on Mission Stylebuildings).Clapboard. A wood exterior siding applied horizontally and overlapped with the loweredge thicker than the upper.Column. A vertical, cylindrical or square supporting member, usually with a classicalcapital.Coping. The capping member of a wall or parapet.Corbeling. A series of stepped or overlapped pieces of brick or stone forming a projectionfrom the wall surface.Cornice. The uppermost, projecting part of an entablature, or feature resembling it.Course. A horizontal layer or row of stones or bricks in a wall.Dentil. One of a series of small, square, tooth or block-like projections forming a molding.Documentation. Evidence of missing elements or configurations of buildings such asarchitectural plans, historic photographs, or “ghosts” of missing elements.Double hung window. A window having two sashes, one sliding vertically over the other.Elevation. Any of the external faces of a building.Entablature. The horizontal group of members supported by the columns, divided intothree major parts, it consists of architrave, frieze, and cornice.Evergreen vegetation. Vegetation which retains foliage through the winter monthsmaintaining its screening property.

Facade. The front elevation or “face” of a building.Facade line. An imaginary line established by the fronts of buildings on a block.Fanlight. An semicircular or semi-elliptical window with radiating muntins suggesting afan.Fascia. A projecting flat horizontal member or molding; forms the trim of a flat roof or apitched roof; also part of a classical entablature.Fenestration. The arrangement of window openings in a building.Finial. A projecting decorative element at the top of a roof, turret or gable.Flashing. Thin metal sheets used to make the intersections of roof planes and roof/walljunctures watertight.Footprint. The outline of a building’s ground plan from a top view.Foundation. The lowest exposed portion of the building wall, which supports the structureabove.Frame construction. A method of construction in which the major parts consist of wood.French door. A door made of many glass panes, usually used in pairs and attached byhinges to the sides of the opening in which it stands.Frieze. The middle horizontal member of a classical entablature, above the architrave andbelow the cornice.Gable roof. A pitched roof with one downward slope on either side of a central, horizontalridge.Gentlest means possible. The least abrasive, intrusive, damaging means of preservinghistoric material.Historic mortar mix.There are designated five mortar types. Typically, the repointing mortar for historicbuildings will be a Type O or K mortar. Mortar specifications permit a range of propor-tions, but typical proportions by volume are: Type O -1 part portland cement, 2 partshydrated lime, and 9 parts sand; Type K - 1 part portland cement, 4 parts hydrated limeand 15 parts sand.Hood molding. A projecting molding above an arch, doorway, or window, originally designedto direct water away from the opening; also called a drip mold.Infill. New construction where there had been an opening before. Applies to a newstructure such as a new building between two older structures or new material such asblock infill in an original window opening.In-kind. Using the exact same material when replacing a damaged element (e.g. using awood element to replace a wood element).Jack arch. An arch with wedge shaped stones or bricks set in a straight line; also knownas a flat arch.Jamb. The vertical side of a doorway or window.Keystone. The top or center member of an arch.Light. A single pane of glass.Lintel. A horizontal beam over a door or window which carries the weight of the wallabove; usually made of stone or wood.

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Main block. The central mass of a building, generally excluding secondary blocks such asadditional wings, projections, dormers, or porches.Masonry. Brick, block, or stone which is secured with mortar.Massing. A term used to define the overall volume of a building.Modillion. A horizontal bracket, often in the form of a plain block, ornamenting, or sometimessupporting, the underside of a cornice.Mortar. A mixture of sand, lime, cement, and water used as a binding agent in masonryconstruction.Mullion. A heavy vertical divider between windows or doors.

Muntin. A secondary framing member to divide and hold the panes of glass in a window.National Register of Historic Places. The nation’s official list of buildings, sites, anddistricts which are important in our history or culture. Created by Congress in 1966 andadministered by the states.Nearby historic homes/buildings. The closest possible examples: 1) adjacent historicbuildings, 2) historic buildings along the same street, 3) historic buildings within theimmediate area, 4) historic buildings within the district.Orientation. The direction that the building (usually includes the primary entrance) faces.Parapet. A low protective wall located at the edge of a roof.Parking. Areas, generally paved, provided for the storage of automobiles.Party wall. A common, shared wall between two buildings; typical of downtown brickbuildings.Paving. Any material used for pavement such as asphalt, brick, concrete, gravel, or pavers.Pediment. A triangular crowning element forming the gable of a roof; any similar triangularelement used over windows, doors, etc.Pier. A vertical structural element, square or rectangular in cross section.Pilaster. A pier attached to a wall, often with capital and base.Pitch. A term which refers to the steepness of roof slope.Portico. A roofed space, open or partly enclosed, forming the entrance and centerpiece ofthe facade of a building, often with columns and a pediment.Portland cement. A strong, inflexible (too much so for historic buildings) hydraulic cementused to bind mortar.Proper repointing. Hand raking deteriorated mortar and duplicating old mortar in strength,composition, color, and texture as well as well as joint width and joint profile.Public view. That which can be seen from any public right-of-way.Quoins. Decorative blocks of stone or wood used on the corners of buildings.Recessed panel. A decorative element that often functions as an area for signage.Reveal. The vertical profile created by the lap of siding, window casings, muntins, doorsurrounds, etc.Reversible. Constructing additions or new elements in such a manner that if removed inthe future original form and material would be largely unchanged.

Routine maintenance. Any action performed in order to preserve a historicproperty including minor replacement of materialwith like material providingno change is made to the appearance of the structure or grounds.Rhythm. The pattern created by the relationship of elements along a street oron individual buildings (e.g. buildings to the open space or windows to wallspace).Sash. The portion of a window that holds the glass and which moves.Scale. A term used to define the proportions of a building in relation to itssurroundings.Secondary blocks. Portions of the building attached to the central mass ofa building, generally such as additional wings, projections, dormers, orporches.Setback. A term used to define the distance a building is located from a streetor sidewalk.Sidelight. A glass window pane located at the side of a main entrance way.Siding. The exterior wall covering or sheathing of a structure.Sill. The horizontal member located at the top of a foundation supportingthe structure above; also the horizontal member at the bottom of a window ordoor.Solid-to-void. The total area of wall in comparison to the total area of openingson an elevation.Spacing. The distance between adjacent buildings.Storefront. The street-level facade of a commercial building, usually havingdisplay windows.Streetscape. The combination of building facades, sidewalks, street furniture,etc. that define the street.Stucco. Any kind of plasterwork, but usually an outside covering of portlandcement, lime, and sand mixture with water.Surround. An encircling border or decorative frame, usually around a windowor door.Synthetic stucco (EIFS). Exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) aremulti-component exterior wall systems which generally consist of: aninsulation board; a base coat reinforced with glass fiber mesh ; and a finishcoat.Transom. A small operable or fixed window located above a window or door.Variegated brick. Multi-colored brick used in an attempt to create an antiquelook.Vernacular. Indigenous architecture that generally is not designed by anarchitect and may be characteristic of a particular area. Any local adaptationof popular architectural forms.Wrought iron. Decorative iron that is hammered or forged into shape byhand, as opposed to cast iron which is formed in a mold.

APPEND

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LOSSARY

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