design interventions for orphan children to accommodate their psychological needs
TRANSCRIPT
Design interventions for orphan children to accommodate their psychological needs
Devvrat Chowdhary2010BARC009
SEMINAR - III
AIM• To assess the psychological issues
prevalent in orphan children and propose design interventions accordingly.
Objectives• To assess the psychological impact on the children
who have lost their parents or those who are growing without biological parents.
• List the various psychological issues.
• To understand the relationship between the spatial character and psychology of children with special reference to those who have gone through trauma of separation from biological parents.
• To make and attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of orphan hood in children through design.
Scope and Limitations• The age group of 0-12 years is considered for the
purpose of this dissertation.
• The study will aim to arrive with schemes to guide the design of children’s homes but will not provide rigid details of design interventions.
• Only literature case studies will be referred for the scope of this dissertation.
Background Study
• Definitions
• Facts
Literature Review
• Psychological Issues
• Methods to Counteract psychological problems
Case Studies
• SOS Village, Jordan
• Amsterdam Orphanage
RESULT
Methodology
Background study• Definition of an orphan:
▫ A child who is below 18 years of age and who has lost one or both parents may be defined as an orphan (George, 2011).
• Orphans in India:
▫ The number of orphans in India stands at approximately 55 million children of age 0 to 12 years, which is about 47% of the overall population of 150 million orphans in the world (GCM India; UNICEF, 2005).
1 billion + people
400 million children
50 million orphans
18 million homeless
(Shrivastava, 2007)
Literature Review
• An orphanage for young women in Srinagar was surveyed by psychiatrists using DSM-IV guidelines to evaluate children for psychopathology. Children were in the age group of 5 to 12 years.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
40.62%PTSD
25%Major
depressive disorder (MDD)
12.5%Conversion
Disorder
(Chan et al. 2006)
Psychological problems
• According to ”A study of psycho social problems in orphans in Kerala” a Ph.D. thesis by Benson. N the major psycho-social problems a homeless child faces are:
Literature ReviewPsychological problems
•Self-esteem•Recognition and approval•Love and Affection•Security•Independence•Creative expression•New Experience•dealing with others•Achievement•Isolation•Financial problems•Dealing with the opposite sex•Dealing with Authorities•Relation with Anxiety•Relation with Emotional Maturity
• Colour therapy
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
RED
•Strength
•Loosen restraints
•Energy
•Remove lethargy and depression
ORANGE
•Energising
•Warming
•Lift spirits of depressed and lonely
YELLOW
•Stimulate intellect
•Cheering effect
•Facilitate digestion
•Not ideal for stress
GREEN
•Harmony, Balance
•Hope
•Calming effect
•Optimism
•Excess may result in Complacency
• Colour therapy
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
BLUE
• Truth, Nobility and Serenity.
• Help for frightened or flustered
• Sedative
INDIGO
• Intellect
• Courage, authority
• Inner Calmness
Violet
• Stimulate intellect
• Cheering effect
• Facilitate digestion
• Not ideal for stress
• Healing Gardens▫ Child friendly entry▫ Comfortable space for staff and parents▫ Many options as possible for children to
interact with nature through their senses and or hands-on activities
▫ Plant a garden and harvest▫ Universal Accessibility▫ Multi-purpose setting for activities, social
gatherings▫ Shade▫ Provide plants and trees that drop leaves and
twigs -▫ Seeds and stones▫ Add a hill▫ Storage, potting shed▫ Fun signage
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
(Source-Basham & Lucas Design Group)
• Architectural Intervention
▫ Attachment to a certain architectural space, identification with it, and possibility of regulating privacy and recovering of environment results in appearance of favourite place phenomenon.
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
(Danica. 2008)
Vertical realms
• Architectural Intervention
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
Source- Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital
• Architectural Intervention
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
Source- The Little School in San Francisco, Mark Horton
• Psychological effect of shapes
Literature ReviewMethods to counteract psychological issues
•Connection, community, wholeness, endurance, movement, safety, perfection•Refers to the feminine: warmth, comfort, sensuality, and love.
•Order, logic, containment, security.•Rectangles provide a fourth point, which is mathematically the foundation for 3D objects, suggesting mass, volume, and solids.
•Energy, power, balance, law, science, religion.•Refers to the Masculine: strength, aggression, and dynamic movement.
• Children’s scale
• Linking paths and gardens
• Shaded courts
• Use of stone – irregular shapes, fantasy
• Arched pathways
Case studySOS Children’s Village – Jordan
SOS children’s village Jordan - PLAN (*Source – Aga Khan award for Architecture
Case studySOS Children’s Village – Jordan
SOS children’s village Jordan- View (*Source – Aga Khan award for Architecture
• Children’s scale
• Small informal pockets create areas of intrigue and discovery
• Reflective surfaces (material)
• Simple Geometry interaction to create interactive spaces
Case studyAmsterdam Orphanage- Netherlands
Orthogonal grid with diagonal pathways creating equal spaces (Archdaily)
ACTIVITY SPATIAL
CHARACTER
COLOUR PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUE
ADDRESSED
1 Eating Rectangle Yellow Independence, Dealing with
others
2 Study Rectangle, Triangle Blue, green Self esteem, New
experience, Independence,
Achievement
3 Creative Circle Red, Green, Violet Isolation, Creative
expression, Security,
Dealing with others, self
esteem
4 Resting Circle Orange, Blue Anxiety, Security, dealing
with others
ResultRelationship between shapes, coloursand the psychological issues addressed
ResultSpatial character suggestions
• Space as a Home Base
▫ Generally the spaces in an children’s home though for children are controlled by the administrative people and the children act as visitors
▫ There should be some permanent spaces for the individuals something like a nest from where you take off and keep returning to meet up again.
• Threshold space between classroom and corridor
▫ With corridors changing from circulation area to work area comes an even greater need for openness
▫ there needs to be a surveillance of those working outside as well as inside of the teacher and even though there is a physical detachment the children should feel connected.
ResultSpatial character suggestions
References• Benson, N (2002). The study of Psycho-social
problems of orphans in Kerela• Browne, K. (2009). The Risk of Harm to Young
Children in Institutional Care. United Kingdom: Save the Children.
• Johnson, W. D. (2013). The Effects of Being Orphan
• James Sengendo and Janet Nambi. (1997)The psychological effect of orphanhood: a study of orphans in Rakai district
• M. Mudasir Naqshbandi ,Rashmi Sehgal,Fahimul Hassan (2012) Orphans in orphanages of Kashmir “and their Psychological problems”
• Shah Amir Ezham Ismail , . Zaiton Abdul Rahim, Asiah Abdul Rahim (2013) Muslim orphanage's village
• Unicef (2005). The state of the world's children 2006: excluded and invisible: United Nations Pubns.
• Danica Stanković (2008). Space in the function of psychological stability of a child
• Basham & Lucas Design Group (1998). Gardens that heal: therapeutic landscape and site design
• Yuanquan Xu (2012). Play therapy room design• Indiaparenting.com, Colour therapy for children• California state university Stanislaus, online
archive• Herman Hertzberger – Space and learning• Shrivastava D (2007). Child trafficking–A human
right abuse. Indian Police J