design of a vermireactor for tana kitchen in...
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DESIGN OF A VERMIREACTOR FOR TANA KITCHEN IN UON UPPER KABETE
CAMPUS.
OMUFISI O MILDRED
F21/1104/2010
SUPERVISOR: MR. INIMA
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
FEB 540: ENGINEERING PROJECT .
INTRODUCTION
WASTES
• Bio-degradable and non bio-degradable.
• The bio-degradable- agricultural produce wastes, household wastes, food processing plants wastes
• Food wastes
WASTE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
• Food wastes disposal to open dumping sites and or landfills.
• Landfills are diminishing and in poor conditions.
• They decompose, produce bad smells, attract vermin, poor conditions for waste collectors and pickers.
• Broadly- emission of green house gases and leachate seepage to underground water.
RECYCLING A BETTER OPTION
• Anaerobic digestion, composting, vermicomposting
• Vermicomposting is a better recycling option for food wastes generated from the campuses.
INTRODUCTION CONT’
Food /organic waste is the highest amount of solid waste produced in Kenya.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The state of the dumping site behind Wakulima hostel
• The disposal method of food wastes from the Tana kitchen is not effective.
• Pollution to environment, nuisance, quality of life, diseases.
OVERALL OBJECTIVE
• To design a vermireactor that
will be used in Upper Kabete
Campus of the University of
Nairobi for appropriate disposal
of food wastes from Tana C
Kitchen.
Specific objectives
• Assess current waste management methods of the food wastes generated form the Tana C kitchen.
• To determine the amount of food wastes generated in the Tana C kitchen of the Upper Kabete Campus.
• To identify and collect pertinent environmental design data.
• To design the vermireactor using the identified parameters.
OBJECTIVES
SITE ANALYSIS
• Temperature ranges of
12C - 26C
• Relative humidity range
of 40%-90%
• Average rainfall –
101kg/𝑚2
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Vermicomposting is
a bioconversion
process.
• Requires a
vermireactor,
bedding material,
earthworms, feed,
and controlled
conditions.
• Vermiculture-worm
rearing.
LITERATURE REVIEW CONT’D
Earthworm
Epigeic
AnecicEndogeic
• Epigeic worms- surface dwellers
and litter feeders
• High metabolic activity
Tray or stacking units
Windrow system
VERMIREACTORS
VERMIREACTORS CONT’D
Batch/boxing unitContinuous flow through system
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• Bioreactor principle
• Directs the activity of a biological catalyst to achieve a desired chemical transformation.
kcalYCVq
1
V: reactor liquid volume, l
: specific growth rate, s-1
C: biomass concentration (g/l)
Ykcal: a yield coefficient given as grams of cells
formed per kcal energy released, g cells/kcal
q :heat production rate, kcal/ls
• Vermireactors
CSTR BIOREACTOR
• A continuous stirred-tank reactor
(CSTR) is an ideal reactor which is
based on the assumption that the
reactants are well mixed
• Mass balance of substrate:
onAccumulati n ConsumptioOutput -Input
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CONT'
• Earthworm growth rates
• Earthworm reproduction rates
VERMIRACTOR OPTIMAL CONDITIONS
• Temperature: 10-15C
• Moisture content: 70-80%
• Bedding material: good bulking potential, good
absorbency, high C:N ratio
• Aeration: aerobic
• pH: 5 -9
• Salt content: less than 0.5%
• Stocking density of 5-10 kg/𝑚2
GENERATION OF CONCEPT DESIGN
Assessment of current food
waste disposal situation
Data acquisition
Desk study Sizing of the vermireactor
Fabrication of model
vermireactor
PRODUCT DESIGN
AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE
DATA
AVERAGE RH
AVERAGE
RAINFALL DATA
MAX MIN 0600Z 1200Z
January 16.33333 13.06667
71.43333 50.8 25.1
February 25.66667 13.76667
73.23333 47.63333 54.16667
March 25.33333 14.36667
76.7 47.33333 111.6333
April 23.66667 14.7
85.66667 61.9 314.3667
May 23.26667 14.26667
83.2 60.9 129.4
June 24.6 15.13333
87.46667 67.26667 53.9
July 21.86667 11.8 83.7 61.6 12.93333
August 14.5 12
84.66667 59.03333 41
September 23.8 12.2
79.96667 52.3 19.56667
October 16.73333 14
77.76667 49 128.4333
November 15.63333 14.33333
85.36667 58.76667 161.9
December 15.23333 14
82.93333 60 165.5
• RESULTS
PRODUCT DESIGN CONT’D
PRODUCT DESIGN CONT’D
• VERMIREACTOR DIMENSIONS CALCULATIONS
.
• Structure- two chambers. dimensions are 3m by 1m by 1.1m.
• top chamber- houses the worm activity
• bottom chamber -collection chamber of the vermicast and
vermiwash.
• Collection chamber - drawer system - vermicast
- mesh system – vermiwash
• Harvester bar –
• Wire system-enable flow through system.
PRODUCT DESIGN CONT’D
PRODUCT DESIGN CONT’D
• High C:N ratio
• corrugated cardboard and newspapers
• Good absorbency
• Good bulking potential
• Bedding material
FABRICATING THE MODEL
CONCLUSIONS
• The overall objective of this design project was
achieved.
• Food wastes generated, worm characteristics,
temperature, RH rainfall data was collected and
used.
• The vermireactor was designed.
DESIGN DRAWINGS
DESIGN DRAWINGS CONT’D
DESIGN DRAWINGS CONT’D
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Utilization of different designs used in the place
of wire system to enable the vermireactor to be a
continuous flow system.
• Design of a different system to enable the
collection of the vermiwash produced.
• Incorporation of pre-conditioning and
preprocessing of the food/organic wastes.
REFERENCES
• M. M. Manyuchi., T. Chitambwe., P, Muredzi and Kanhukamwe Q (2013).
Continuous flow-through vermireactor for medium scale vermicomposting, Asian
Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1 (1), pp. 44-48.
• T. Abbasi, S. Gajalakshmi and S. A. Abbasi (2008), “Towards modelling and design
of vermicomposting systems: Mechanisms of composting/vermicomposting and
their implications”, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 8, pp.177-182.
• G. Munroe, “Manual of On-Farm Vermicomposting and Vermiculture”, Organic
Agriculture Centre of Canada, pp. 1-56.
• Redmond OR (2014). HDG FT Worm Composting Bin (motion picture). United
States of America. An HDG Production.
• Beetz A, (1999) Worms for Composting (Vermicomposting). ATTRA-National
Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, Livestock Technical Note.
Thank you
Any questions?