design, pageraffoba 339 1 design and technology design, pageraffoba 339 2 scope of operations...
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Design, pageRaffo BA 339 2
Scope of Operations
Support from Accounting, Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems
Marketing & Sales
Customer
Order Entry DistributionWhse & transport,by channel
Customer Requirements
Product Design
Process Design
ProductionQuality
Materials ManagementSupply Chain Management,Purchasing, Inventory Control
PlanningStrategyCapacitySchedule
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 3
Freedom to Choose
• Given a product design and forecast, now need to design the process
• Need to select processes and materials• Free to choose from a variety of sourcing options
on the spectrum: buy fully assembled to fabricate from raw materials.
• Each option has benefits and costs, depending on your business situation.
• Consider K-Bob
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 5
Process Flow Structures
• Continuous Processing
• Assembly Line
• Intermittent/ Batch
• FMS
• Job Shop
• Project Shop
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 6
Attributes of Production Systems
• System Inputs (Volume, Variety)
• System Outputs (Volume, Variety)
• Operator Tasks (Number, type, complexity)
• Yield
• Rework/ Cycling
• Production Volume
• Variability (Supply, Demand, Internal)
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 7
• Characteristics– Inputs and outputs (defined, high vol., low var.)
– Operator tasks (defined, few in number, simple)
– High yields, low rework, no cycling
– High volume, low variety beyond original design
– Problems with Demand variability, controlled supply and system variability (quality)
Continuous, Assembly, and Batch Operations
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 8
Flexible Manufacturing Cells
• Characteristics– Inputs and outputs (defined, medium vol., medium var.)
– Operator tasks (defined, few in number, simple)
– High yields, low rework, can have cycling
– Medium volume, medium variety
– Accommodates Demand variability, requires controlled supply and system variability (quality)
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 9
Job Shop
• Characteristics– Inputs and outputs (defined, medium to low volume,
medium to high variety)
– Operator tasks (skilled, multiple in number, variable)
– Medium yields, medium rework, can have cycling
– Medium to low volume, medium to high variety
– Accommodates variability
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 10
• Characteristics– Inputs and outputs (poorly defined, low volume, high
variety)
– Operator tasks ((highly)skilled, multiple, variable)
– possible low yields, possible high rework, cycling often
– low volume, high variety
– Designed to accommodate variability
Project Shop
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 12
Design Process Overview
Product Planning
Customer Requirements -> Customer Value
Design RequirementsProduct DesignPart/item characteristics
Process Planning
Process Operations
Process Control
Operations RequirementsProduction
Design forManufacturability
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 13
Effective Product/Process Design
Measures of design effectiveness
Design for operations guidelines
Customer needs, Competitor’s Capabilities
Multi-functional Design Team
Competitive Environment
Design Strategy
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 15
Notes on Technology
• Impact of Technology– Automating Design (Process)– Automating Production (Process)– Source of new products (Product)
• Countries consider technology research a competitive weapon
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 16
FMS/ AWMH/ CIM
AutomatedGuidedVehicle (AGV)
AGV
Automated Warehouse
Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 17
Automated MFG. Planning and Cntl
ASM
Sub-ASM Sub-
ASM
DetroitLyon, FRSingapore
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 18
Technology Notes
• Technology Classifications– Product/ Process Technologies
– Hardware/ Software
• Motivations– Capability/ Features
– Cost
– Speed of Delivery
– Quality
– Flexibility Customizability
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 19
Production Technologies
• NC Machines/ Machining Centers/ FMS
• Robots
• CAD/ CAM/ CAE/ CA Pro Pln
• Automated Materials Handling
• Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• Automated Manufacturing Planning and Control
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 20
Service Technologies
• Office Automation
• Image Processing Systems
• Electronic Data Interchange
• Decision Support Systems
Design, pageRaffo BA 339 21
Evaluation of Technology Investments
• Labor Costs• Material Costs• Inventory Costs• Transportation and Distribution Costs• Quality Costs• Increased Product Variety• Improved Features & Quality• Shorter Cycle Times