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Design Principles Cmpt 767 Visualization Steven Bergner [email protected] [Slides by Pfister/Möller]

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Page 1: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design PrinciplesCmpt 767 Visualization

Steven [email protected]

[Slides by Pfister/Möller]

Page 2: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Last Time

Page 3: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Visualization

To convey information through visual representations

3

http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/visualizations/obama-inauguration-speech-word-tree
http://www.babynamewizard.com/voyager
Page 4: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design Excellence

“Well-designed presentations of interesting data are a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design.”

E. Tufte

4

Page 5: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Edward Tufte

5

Page 6: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Outline

• Graphical Integrity

• Design Principles

• Design Elements

6

Page 7: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Graphical Integrity

Page 8: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Missing Scales

8Tufte, VDQI

Page 9: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

The Lie Factor

• (Size of effect in graphic)/(size of effect in data)

9Tufte, VDQI

Page 10: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

The Lie Factor

Tufte, VDQI 10

Page 11: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

The Lie Factor

Tufte, VDQI 11

Page 12: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

The Lie Factor

http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4645 12

http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4645
http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4645
Page 13: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design Distortions

Tufte, VDQI 13

Page 14: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Scale Distortions

Based on slide from Stasko 14

Page 15: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Scale Distortions

Based on slide from Stasko 15

Page 16: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Scale Distortions

Based on slide from Stasko 16

Page 17: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Junk Charts

http://junkcharts.typepad.com/junk_charts/2009/10/a-tale-of-four-charts.html
Page 18: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Business Insider

Page 19: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Rolfe Winkler

http://blogs.reuters.com/rolfe-winkler/2009/08/10/rosenberg-welcome-to-the-era-of-consumer-frugality/
Page 20: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

chartingtheeconomy.com

Page 21: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

The Big Picture

http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2009/10/ongoing-credit-contraction/
Page 22: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design Principles

Page 23: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Use DecompositionBeer sales

Page 24: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

© Pfister/Möller

Show Context

M. Ericson, NY Times25

Page 25: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

M. Ericson, NY Times

Page 26: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

M. Ericson, NY Times

Page 27: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

© Pfister/Möller M. Ericson, NY Times 28

Page 28: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers
Page 29: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Readability

http://lab.arc90.com/experiments/readability/
Page 30: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Maximize Data-Ink Ratio

• Data-ink = the ink used to show data

• Data-ink ratio = data-ink / total ink used

0

175

350

525

700

Males

Females

0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+

33

Page 31: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Maximize Data-Ink Ratio

• Data-ink = the ink used to show data

• Data-ink ratio = data-ink / total ink used

0

175

350

525

700

875

Males Females

0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+

34

Page 32: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Data Density

Ho et al., “Thermal Conductivity of the Elements: A Comprehensive Review” J. Phys. Chem. 1974 35

Page 33: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Escaping Flatland

Reebee Garofalo, Genealogy of Pop/Rock Music36

http://www.historyshots.com/rockmusic/index.cfm
Page 34: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

37Reebee Garofalo, Genealogy of Pop/Rock Music

http://www.historyshots.com/rockmusic/index.cfm
Page 35: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Sparklines

Tufte, 1990 38

Page 36: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey

Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message

39

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 37: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey 40

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 38: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey 41

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 39: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey 42

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 40: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey 43

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 41: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Avoid Chartjunk

ongoing, Tim Brey 44

http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/data-ink/di1
Page 42: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Before After

G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 43: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Before After

G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 44: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Bring in the Clowns…

PTS BlogWorld Population in 2008

http://peltiertech.com/WordPress/2009/01/16/bad-bar-chart-practices-or-send-in-the-clowns/#more-1339
Page 45: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

A better version…

PTS BlogWorld Population in 2008

http://peltiertech.com/WordPress/2009/01/16/bad-bar-chart-practices-or-send-in-the-clowns/#more-1339
Page 46: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Andrew Gelman, Nov. 2009

Junk Charts

http://junkcharts.typepad.com/junk_charts/2009/11/worthy-of-the-times.html
Page 47: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Tufte’s Design Principles

• Above all else show the data

• Maximize data-ink ratio

• Erase non-data ink

• Erase redundant data ink

• Revise and edit

51

Page 48: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design Pyramid

Functionality

Usability

Aesthetics

effective

efficient

affective

Page 49: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Subjective Dimensions

• Aesthetics: Attractive things are perceived as more useful than unattractive ones

• Style: Communicates brand, process, who the designer is

• Playfulness: Encourages experimentation and exploration

• Vividness: Can make a visualization more memorable

Pat Hanrahan, Nov 2007

53

http://www.perceptualedge.com/blog/?p=199
Page 50: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Design Elements

Page 51: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

CRAP

Page 52: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

ContrastRepetitionAlignmentProximity

Page 53: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Contrast

Page 54: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Before After

G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 55: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Before After

G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 56: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Repetition

61G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 57: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Alignment

62

Before After

S. Few, Show me the numbers

Page 58: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Proximity

63

S. Few, Show me the numbers

Page 59: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Small Multiples

64

S. Few, Show me the numbers

Page 60: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Small Multiples

Tufte, VDQI 65

Page 61: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Layering and Separation

Tufte, VDQI (Vol. 1) p. 174 67

http://junkcharts.typepad.com
Page 62: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Layering and Separation

68Tufte, VDQI

Page 63: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Layering and Separation

69Tufte, VDQI

Page 64: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Negative Space

Tufte, EI (Vol. 2) p. 62

http://junkcharts.typepad.com
Page 65: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Negative Space

Negative Space Logos

http://www.logodesignworks.com/blog/top-10-negative-space-logos
Page 66: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Before After

G. Reynolds, Presentation Zen

Page 67: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Tufte’s Graphical Excellence

• Interesting data– Complex ideas, multivariate data

• Clear, precise, concise presentation – Data-ink ratio

• Accurate communication – Lie factor

74

Page 68: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

© Pfister/Möller

Few is Applied Tufte

S. Few, Show Me the Numbers, p. 87 76

Page 69: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Analysis Questions

• Who is the intended audience?

• What information does this visualization represent?

• How many data dimensions does it encode?

• List several tasks, comparisons or evaluations it enables

• What principles of excellence best describe why it is good / bad?

• Can you suggest any improvements?

• Why do you like / dislike this visualization?

77

Page 70: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

© Pfister/Möller

Graphical displays should...

• Show the data

• Induce the viewer to think about the substance, rather than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions...

• Avoid distorting what the data have to say

• Present many numbers in a small space

• Make large data sets coherent

• Encourage the eye to compare different pieces of data

• Reveal the data at several levels of detail

• Serve a reasonably clear purpose

• Be closely integrated with the statistical and verbal descriptions Edward Tufte, The Display of Quantitative Information, page 1 78

Page 71: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Further Reading

Page 72: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Stephen Few

80

Page 73: Design Principles · than about methodology, graphic design, [or] the technology of graphic productions... • Avoid distorting what the data have to say • Present many numbers

Robin Williams

81


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