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Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES

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Page 1: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Design Studies 1ASTRUCTURES

Page 2: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Nature of Structure

a building is a balancing act

human space does not exist untilenclosed by structure

STRUCTURE IS WHAT WE CONSTRUCT

resistance of structure vs

forces of nature

TRUCTUR

S E

2/27

Page 3: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Nature of Structure

structure functions as a whole

designed in response to anticipated loads

relatively fragile wrt unanticipated loads

3/27

Page 4: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Function of Structure

the function of structure is to resist all the forces acting(on the building) and to

transfer them to supports(the ground)

4/27

Page 5: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Considerations

stability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance

strength building must not break / collapse

stiffness - functionality building must continue to serve its purpose must not deform too much

3 main considerations

5/27

Page 6: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Need to Consider

behaviour of physical objects subjected to forces

space and dimensionality

material behaviour

concerned with

6/27

Page 7: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

must resist loads due to gravity, wind, vibrations, impact and earthquakes

major portion of structure for emergency - safety factors

behaviour of materials - deformation under stress - may deteriorate

7/27

Need to Consider (Cont.)

Page 8: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Design of Structure

maximum efficiency ?

interesting / innovative forms ?

What is the problem???

8/27

Page 9: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Designing Structures

no right answer

larger the enclosed space - more need for structural efficiency

9/27

little skill required to designbuilding which will stand up

Page 10: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Hanging Office BuildingWestcoast Transmission CompanyTower, Vancouver

Rhone & IredaleBogue Babicki

Inversion Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

11/2510/27

Page 11: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

Hong Kong Bank BuildingHong Kong (1986)

Foster and PartnersOve Arup and Partners

12/2511/27

Page 12: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

Model of a Roof Structure

Jrn Utzon

13/2512/27

Page 13: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

Parabolic Cable StructureFederal Reserve Bank, Minneapolis

Gunnar Birkerts & AssociatesSkilling, Helle, Christiansen, Robertson

14/2513/27

Page 14: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Multipanel TrussesSainsbury Centre

Norwich, England

Foster & PartnersAnthony Hunt Associates

Warren TrussesCentre Georges Pompidou

Paris

Piano & RogersOve Arup & Partners

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

15/2514/27

Page 15: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

3-Hinged Truss ArchesWaterloo Terminal for Chunnel Trains

Nicholas Grimshaw & PartnersAnthony Hunt Associates

16/2515/27

Page 16: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998)

Hanging RoofIngalls Hockey Rink

Yale University

Eero SaarinenSeverud-Elstad-Krueger

17/2516/27

Page 17: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Tent StructurePier 6 Concert PavilionBaltimore, 1992FTLBuro Happold & M. G. McLaren

17/27

Page 18: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Lovett Vacation HouseCrane Island, Washington, 1972

Wendell Lovett Robert Albrecht

19/2518/27

Page 19: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Seidler HouseKillara, 1966-7

H. SeidlerLarge R.C. cantilevers

20/2519/27

Page 20: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Harry Seidler

High Court of AustraliaCanberra, 1972

40m P.C. beams expressing changing stress patterns

NSW Government StoresAlexandria, 1964-8

Tetrahedron Space FrameMiller, Milstone & Ferris

Exhibition PavilionHyde Park, 1970-1

Steel Hyperboloid Structure

21/2520/27

Page 21: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Los Manantiales RestaurantXochimilco, Mexico, 1958J. A. OrdonezFelix Candela

Passenger TerminalIdlewild Airport, NYEero SaarinenBuro Happold & M. G. McLaren

22/2521/27

Page 22: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Project for an Office Tower1956/57

I. M. Pei & Ass.Roberts & Schaefer Co.

23/2522/27

Page 23: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

Stadium AustraliaHomebush, Sydney, 1999

Bligh Lobb Sports ArchitectsSinclair Knight Merz (SKM) Modus Consulting Engineers

24/2523/27

Page 24: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/kcdc/caut

25/2524/27

Page 25: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

What do we Want to Know?

what is structure - what does structure do?

what are we trying to do?

25/27

encloses space

prevent failure - equilibrium, strength, functionality

Page 26: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

What do we Want to Know?

what causes failure?

26/27

loads - moments

insufficient support

inadequate arrangement

inadequate strength - size, material

inadequate stiffness

Page 27: Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. Nature of Structure l a building is a balancing act l human space does not exist until enclosed by structure STRUCTURE IS

What do we Want to Know?

what must the structure do?

what are elements of structure?

27/27

resist loads / moments

supports

structure itself

transfer loads / moments to supports / ground

resist deformation

beams, columns, trusses, slabs, shells, ...


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