designed or evolved ? is life evolved without a goal ? or is life designed with a purpose ?
TRANSCRIPT
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Designed or Evolved ?
Is life evolved without a goal ?Or is life designed with a purpose ?
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Problems of Evolution
• Evolution steps must be small (otherwise new specie has no mate….)
• Problem 1: Life exhibits many irreducibly complex systems that are not likely to have evolved by small steps
• Problem 2: Researchers have found many look-alike animals evolved from completely different ancestors – implying that many independent evolution paths have converged
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Irreducibly Complex Systems
• Biological systems that can only be developed by a chain of evolutionary steps where each intermediate step creates an apparently useless system and only the final step results in a useful system
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Example Irreducibly Complex System• Mouse trap:
Every part must be in right placeEvery part must have right dimension
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Irreducibly complex system
• Bombardier beetle:
This beetle has a chemical cannon in his abdomen that helps it defend itself
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Chemical reaction in beetle:
• This chemical reaction takes place inside the Bombardier beetle abdomen:
Hydroquinone is a powerful reductorHydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidator
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Firing the chemical cannon:
Chemicals stored in upper chamber. Inhibitor preventsHydroquinones and Hydrogen peroxide from reacting.
Two enzymes stored in lower chamber: Peroxidase Catalase
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Evolving the chemical cannon….
• Step 1: beetle learned to produce Hydrogen Peroxide
• Question: what's would the beetle use Hydrogen Peroxide for ????
• Net result: Zilt... Beetle is no more better off in defending itself…
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 2: beetle learned to produce Hydroquinone
• Problem: Hydroquinone reacts Hydrogen Peroxide inside the beetle… we’ll have suicidal beetles...
• Solution: beetle stored chemicals separately
• Net result: Still zilt... Beetle is no more better in defending itself…
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 3: beetle learned to produce inhibitor for Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide
• Beetle can now store Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide in one chamber… big deal
• Net result: Zilt... Chemical cannon is still not functional
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Evolutionary Dilemma
• How did the inhibitor evolve ???
• if Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide were stored separately, there was absolutely NO NEED to "evolve" the inhibitor
• if Hydroquinone and Hydrogen Peroxide were stored together, they would react immediately and it's TOO LATE to "evolve" the inhibitor (because the beetle will be dead…)
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 4: beetle learned to produce Peroxidase
• Peroxidase converts Peroxide to Oxygen which will immediately react with Hydroquinone
• Net result: SUICIDAL beetles !!!... because the resulting chemical will poison the beetle....
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Evolving the chemical cannon…
• Step 5: beetle learned to produce Catalase
• Net result: EXPLODING beetles !!!..... because the oxygen and hydroquinone will react SO FAST that the beetle's abdomen explodes....
• Why ???? - Because there is NO DELIVERY SYSTEM !!!
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Reflection time...
• Irreducible complex system evolved by a chain of evolutionary steps – each intermediate step lead to no gain at all
• How likely is such an irreducible complex system evolved ???
• Consider how irreducibly complex systems in real life – like the mouse trap - “evolve” ?
• They are all designed by an intelligent being with a purpose in mind !!!
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Converging Evolutionary Processes• This is yet another problem facing the
“Theory” of Evolution• Recently, research in evolution has discovered
many species of animals that required a drastic change in evolutionary thinking
• They call this phenomenon Convergent Evolution
• Evolution must now explain why many random processes head towards the same direction
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Convergent Evolution Example 1
Fishes in two near-by lakes in Africa exhibit incredible likeness
How come these fishes look so much alike ???
Fishes in different lakes:
Lakes in Africa:
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The evolutionary explanation
Long ago, the lake level was higher and the lakes were interconnected – there was only ONE kind of each fish
Later, water level dropped, separating the lakes. Then the fishes in different lakes developed separately
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Any Evidence ???...• If the fishes from different lakes has a common
ancestor, their DNA patterns will be related• Researchers Ruber, Verheyen and Meyer
(Europeans) did a DNA analysis on the different fishes...
• Their findings: DNA were so different that fishes from different lakes most likely have different ancestors !
• In other words:
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Convergent Evolution example 2
Australian birds
European birds
DNA analysis shows that birds 1,3 and 4 are closer related to each other. So also birds 2, 5 and 6.
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Convergent Evolution example 3
• Anolis lizards from the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominique and Puerto Rico)
• No pictures, but I have a Science paper that you can read
• Findings are the same: Lizards on different island look alike, but have completely different genomes so that they most likely have different ancestors
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Reflection time...
• Evolution relies on random mutations• If the mutations are not there, natural
selection will have nothing to work with...
• Convergent Evolution requires that the random mutations in different species to cooperate and drive change the specie towards the same direction
• The mutations are no longer random ???
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Implications of Convergent Evolution• Can’t use “looks” to draw conclusion on
descend• Fossil records are useless to find
descend order:
These animals may look alike, but...
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Reflection time...
• Is life evolved without any purpose ?• The “Theory” of Evolution has a hard time
producing evidence in support of this (Miller’s useless experiment, Haeckle’s embryo’s fraud, Horse’s non-evolution, etc)
• The “Theory” of Evolution has a hard time explaining a number of extremely unlikely phenomenon in life
• Maybe is life designed with some purpose ???
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Imaginary mind trip...
This device performs better than any vehicle invented by humans...
We are told that it was created by a super intelligent race called the “Ancients”Imagine one day that this really happens to you…What will you think/believe ???
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2004 – A space odyssey
Micro-machines:
These micro-machines move using molecular engines:
On a remote planet, you find...
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Design of the molecular engine:
Engine in action:
Different colors represent different molecules
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Engine is constructed with over 40 different types of molecules – each type serving a different function
• Size of engine is a less than a micron (need an electron microscope to see its structure)
• Engine can go over 20,000 RPM• Engine is almost 100% efficient• Humans can’t build this kind of engines (yet)
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2004 – A space odyssey
• Would you believe this microscopic engine came about by itself ?
• Would you believe this microscopic engine was designed by some super-intelligent being ?
This micro-engine is smaller than a hair !!!
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2004 – A space odyssey revealed
• The remote planet is...• Earth• The micro-machine is...• E. Coli bacteria• The micro-engine is...• its flagellum
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Reflection time...
• Can such a delicate micro-engine come about through a random process ?
• Highly unlikely – Evolutionists do not have a clue how this can be assembled (not surprising, since we can’t even make one in our million dollar laboratories…)
• Maybe this micro-engine was designed by some super-intelligent being ???
• If this super-small engine was designed by a super-intelligent being, maybe He has also design humans ?
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More reflection time...
• Are human designed for a specific purpose ?
• If so, who designed us ? Who is our creator ?
• Why are we abandoned like orphans ?• Will we see him again ?• Other questions ?• ...
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Finding the answers...• The Bible is the most reliable book on
history – more reliable than any history book used in schools
• You can find the answers to these and other questions there
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The End
http://cheungpc.mathcs.emory.edu