designing 2050

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By A.Arputha Selvaraj APMP IIM Calcutta

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By

A.Arputha Selvaraj APMP IIM Calcutta

Examine the big picture processes and trends of current global change so that we can understand emerging global arrangements, power shifts, markets and ethics. In particular I will discuss how how our climate and our future are being endangered by our current behaviors.

Explore what mindsets and behaviors are needed to ensure future personal, organizational and community success, and planetary sustainable prosperity through to the year 2050- and including a climate-safe future for all of us.

A worthwhile life involves leaving a legacy to our children and grandchildren and their generation that is greater than the one we received from our parents.

My parents generation sacrificed in war so that we might live in peace.

Leaving a legacy of inaction about climate change will create lasting damage to our children’s and grandchildren’s environment, pass the costs of our negligence on to them and restrict their future options.

My definition of a parent is one that works for a generation to create a successful adult.

When we shape the future we must always think time frames as parents and consider the legacy we are leaving.

• Leadership :Leadership : being a being a purposeful future-maker. purposeful future-maker. • Management :Management : being a being a resilient future-taker.resilient future-taker.• Planning :Planning : Applying the different forms of planning Applying the different forms of planning

(including land use, urban, community, transport, (including land use, urban, community, transport, social, financial, industrial and economic social, financial, industrial and economic planning).planning).

• Design: Design: Utilizing design based professions Utilizing design based professions including engineering, architecture, all forms of including engineering, architecture, all forms of design (such as industrial, systems, fashion and design (such as industrial, systems, fashion and graphic design).graphic design).

• Innovation:Innovation: developing developing new means (ways and new means (ways and wares) wares) to do old and current things better, and new to do old and current things better, and new things first.things first.

• Learning :Learning : increasing our knowledge and increasing our knowledge and capabilities, changing our mindsets and belief capabilities, changing our mindsets and belief systems in order to become more future effective, systems in order to become more future effective, and discover new options, possibilities and and discover new options, possibilities and opportunities.opportunities.

Developers should use all of these six core processes to shape the future not just some of them.

You are in the business in creating legacies that outlast you. Therefore your work should be to create outcomes that are as future-relevant and future- resilient as they can be. That means you need to visit the futurist within you more often.

Success goes to those who get to the future first (Gary Hamel)

What is also important is that these six processes should be informed by the same body of values (paradigm)- and discussing these values openly and building values consensus is essential. More on values shortly.

Part Prophet – who asks what will be the future?the trend analyst who responds to perceived

trends. the way of the Manager in each of us.

Part Visionary- who asks what should/could be the future? the imaginer of, and the dreamer about, the

future. the way of the Leader in each of us. The difference between these two parts of ourselves

is summarized thus: Some people see things as they are and ask why, I see

things as they could be and ask why not! (George Bernard Shaw)

We are too occupied with growth and not enough with development.

Development is about transformation into something more appropriate for the needs of the times. None of us want a 2 metre tall 80 kilogram baby .

Be an effective manager-of-self and leader-of-self, being a resilient future-taker and a purposeful future-maker

Shape one’s life and career path though clarifying one’s destiny (through insight), by consciously choosing or creating destiny appropriate employment and life destinations (through foresight) and by examining and learning from one’s derivation (through hindsight).

Embody the values of Planetism, the emerging global paradigm which requires that we give first priority to planet over nation and tribe, and which will shape 21st century markets, ethics and jobs.

Know how to initiate, nurture and amicably terminate interdependent relationships.

Practice lifelong, learner-driven, just-in-time and collaborative learning.

Commit oneself to continuous innovation - doing both old things better and new things first – creating ways and wares for emerging Planetist markets.

Consider this question: Ten years after your death your

children and grandchildren are standing at your gravesite/memorial remembering you .

In one sentence how are they remembering you?

We can predict a great deal of what is ahead of us:In preparing for the future, we can also predict:

what products and services will be in demand in 2025 and beyond; what new products and services and job categories will be present then and which of those those present today will disappear

what new industries need to be established and innovations created to ensure our collective future prosperity;

what new ethics and values will emerge; and what new skill sets and capabilities people will need, if they

wish to be successful in the future.

What follows is how we can do this:

Values determine what people value and regard as valuable.

What people value and find to be valuable, they will want to acquire more of.

What they want more of will determine what they seek in markets.

What is sought in markets will shape emerging innovations, products, services and technologies.

I call the main innovations : Capacities and Capabilities and Ways and Wares (more on these later)

We are collectively concerned about what needs to be accomplished for humanity to create a climate-safe world by 2050.

This is two generations hence and it is worth celebrating that we are having this conversation at all and thinking about agendas to be accomplished two generations hence : humanity has not been traditionally renowned for being far sighted and altruistic.

Climate change is just one challenge , albeit an important challenge, facing those would like to leave a legacy of opportunity and possibility to their children and grandchildren which is greater than the the legacy they inherited form their parents

Two generations is about the right time-frame to consider these issues, because it is both far enough away not to threaten any of the current holders of political power, and yet close enough because it involves visualizing a world which we can design and construct where our own grandchildren and their generation can thrive.

If we are to create a global society which is prosperous, sustainable, secure, harmonious and just by the year 2050 what would the components of a vision of such a future and what would be on the list of strategic actions, and how should humanity collaborate, to realize this ?

This is the purpose of the Designing 2050 process - and my last published book Designing 2050(2008) and my new book Destination 2050 (2012)

1. Globalisation : increasing interdependence and interconnectedness such as through trade and investment and an increasing awareness of our shared destiny and vulnerability. We are signing many global agreements to help us manage our planet better. We are increasingly recognising the oneness of humanity and we are ceding independence as we appreciate the shared synergies/benefits delivered through increasing interdependence.

2. Tribalisation : old empires are breaking up to form many smaller tribal states, where we increasingly value and celebrate cultural difference. We are simultaneously breaking old political imperial arrangements and joining new political interdependent arrangements. The number of members of the UN has doubled in 50 years and will continue to grow albeit more slowly.

3. Technological interconnectivity : the Internet, global communications and global media are enabling us to collaborate and become even more interdependent/interconnected.

The old Russian empire –the Soviet Union - is now 15 separate nations.

The old Serbian empire -Yugoslavia – is now 7 nations with both Montenegro and Kosovo only recently gaining independence from Serbia.

The Javanese empire – Indonesia- is struggling with Timor Leste already independent, and Aceh, and West Papua amongst others seeking independence from Javanese dominance and even repression.

The Han empire – China – holds together and its future as a single entity is far from certain. Tibetans and Uyghurs are seeking independence and facing Han oppression when they do. How many more non Han vassal states will eventually follow?

Question: when a dependent state seeks freedom and democracy which side is global public opinion on? – eg Libya, Egypt, Tibet.

Lithuania for example was dependent of the Russian empire the Soviet Union as a vassal state. All the important decisions were made by Russians or by compliant Lithuanians. With the fall of the Berlin Wall Lithuania became independent. After a brief period as an independent nation, it then sought interdependence by joining the European Union

Will Catalonia, the Basques, Scotland and Tyrol follow? They will because each of these can now how have their cake and eat it too. They can celebrate their own unique culture as a tribal state but also have the benefit of belonging to a large interdependent union based on mutual respect ,mutual obligations and the collaborative pursuit of prosperity.

Globalization and tribalization are interacting to reshape our planet.

Is lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty and are creating the massive growth of a global educated, middle class.

There are now 500 million educated, middle class people in India and China alone. The educated middle class is growing by the population of New York City every 3 months and in South, South East and East Asia it will collectively reach 1.2 billion by 2020.

By 2030 there will be at least one billion educated middle class people living in tropical environments.

Educated middle class people have similar values the world over: want small families, tertiary education , democracy and to protect the environment for future generations.

A single integrated a planetary society is being born.

Our old arrangements of being separated into many different tribal cultures which are often at war with one another are disappearing.

In its place is a single pluralistic planetary society is emerging, which will be fully developed by the year 2050.

This emerging society is becoming ever more integrated and does not regard cultural and religious difference as as a reason for disrespect and intolerance. Indeed the opposite applies: difference is increasingly respected and treasured.

And we witnessed: The collapse of most command economies such as

in the Soviet Union (where economies are mostly shaped by government investment).

The global dominance of the market economy (where economies are mostly shaped by customer choices) and where purchaser choices and trade with others all over the world world can now shape economic conditions inside the border of a country as much as any action by its government.

Weakening the power of individual nation states to shape both the lives of their own people because they cannot influence activities beyond their borders, while those beyond their borders can influence the lives of citizens of particular nation states;

Strengthening corporations because unlike governments they can operate everywhere. The number of global corporations is massively increasing in number. These corporations are both commercial or non-commercial/humanitarian;

Strengthening the growth of communities within nations, because these communities can trade directly with the world irrespective of national regulations, and communities of nations such as the EU, ASEAN and Mercosur, because these provide their people with both greater collective clout in global markets, greater mutual prosperity through larger internal amrkets, and better protection from unfair operations of the global marketplace.

The 19th and early –mid 20th century were dominated by the paradigm modernism.

Modernism believed in replacing the old with the new simply because it was new. Before it was replaced by the new the old was declared to be ‘old fashioned’ and often treated with contempt. People believed in Progress and established progressive movements and progress associations which promoted modernization. In the early 20th century people uttered ‘you can stop progress’. ‘Progress’ to modernists was innately good.

Even though modernism was ubiquitous conflicts emerged about the best means to realize modernity and this caused the great ideological divisions of the 20th century- Communism versus Capitalism , Fascism versus Socialism. These diverse approaches all supported modernist ends, but the disagreements over the means to be used to realize these ends polarized the 20th century.

Modernist progress had a long shadow. In the name of ‘progress’ we ‘tamed’ and destroyed the environment and eliminated, marginalized or assimilated indigenous cultures and cultures deemed to be inferior as imperialism and religious evangelism spread modernity around the world.

As time passed the shadow caused by modernism became too big to ignore and a backlash against it emerged.

We began to begin to be ashamed by the things we did in the name of modernity. The feeling which accompanied the use of the phrase ‘you cant stop progress ‘ shifted from enthusiasm, to resignation and then on the cynicism.

This feeling was summed up perfectly by Joni Mitchell in her song ‘Big Yellow Taxi’ In 1970, two years after the Earthrise photographs, Joni Mitchell observed we now ‘paved paradise and put up a parking lot’.

Post modernism was born. We even began to change the words we used to signify that we now value things which we previously regarded as of having little or no value in the modern era; swamps became wetlands, and slums became heritage precincts.

Post modernity believes we should keep past things of value and integrate them with the new. So we retrofitted heritage buildings with new facilities rather than destroying and replacing them, we created new arts and music by showing respect to, and even appropriating from, the best of the old. We saw that acupuncture, yoga, ayurveda and shiatsu can complement the latest medical treatments rather than be treated with contempt as ‘quakery’ as we did in the modernist era .

But post modernism is only a means for us to deconstruct modernism and prepare us for what will follow it.

The 19th century was the century of dependence - most people lived in colonies

The 20th century was the century of independence - the majority of people now live in independent countries.

The 21st century will be the century of interdependence, where independence entities voluntarily give up some of their independence because of the benefit and synergy that comes from union.

Dependence – childhood Independence – adolescence Interdependence – adulthood In the interdependent 21st century,

we all need to know how to initiate, nurture and successfully end interdependent relationships.

In 1624 John Donne, the first high priest of social inclusion and interdependence , wrote:

No man is an Island entire of itself. Everyone is part of the continent, part of the main,

If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as much as if a promontory were.

As much if a manor of thy friend’s or of thine own were. Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in

mankind.And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls

for thee.  Donne was a prophet - reminding us nearly 400 years ago

that we are members of a single human family and our differences pale into insignificance compared with our similarities. There were few adherents to his view then. However in the early 21st century a huge portion of humanity, including the global educated middle class, shares Donne’s view.

Interdependence is the key word to describe our emerging 21st century global society- our increasing political and economic interdependence, and our increasing awareness that we share an ecologically vulnerable planetary home, and because we recognize that we have no choice but to find ways to coexist and thrive together.

The core principle of interdependence is that two or more entities who are seeking to build a closer relationship voluntarily should relinquish some of their independence because of the benefit from union .

Interdependent relationships are mature relationships.

They require that we only have rights if there are reciprocal responsibilities to others. Give and take must be balanced if relationships of all kinds are to prosper. The world is growing up!

We now are beginning to recognize that we are evolving towards a wholly interdependent global society where political boundaries no longer limit the role we can play in such a society. But we are also carrying with us into this future values which might have have be appropriate when humanity was divided into different often warring cultural and religious groups but are no longer appropriate for the 21st century all of humanity faces together.

We are are recognizing our collective interdependence means that we must now give priority to community over individualism if these are in conflict. This in turn means that our global dialogues now must focus on ‘what forms of mutual coercion can we mutually agree upon’ (Garrett Hardin in The Tragedy of the Commons). This is based on a recognition that in a 21st century interdependent integrated global society there can no longer be winners and losers, as was he case in the modernist era. Now we can only all win together or we will all will lose together: unless we all can benefit together there will be no agreement. This applies whether we are trying to create effective global trading, financial and investment systems, solve the challenge of climate change, deal with terrorism or organized crime, grow global communications ,or protect other species from extinction.

We reached a partially satisfactory agreement in the climate change conference in Durban . However all of us know that we have much more to do and we have to achieve a binding global agreement involving all nations very soon. The world will keep at this until the right agreement is finally reached, and

David Cameron did not sign up to a more financially integrated Europe as he wanted to protect London’s position as a financial capital and reward his Eurosceptic conservative heartland . He will lose long-term for first he will endanger his coalition government, second the Europeans will now work hard to grow Frankfurt as an alternative financial centre, and third Scotland (and perhaps Wales as well)- who do not benefit much from the accumulation of wealth in SE England - will seek independence and secede from Great Britain and join Europe on their own terms.

However we are already sufficiently interdependent that we can now collectively punish the Planetary rogues by :trade bans;customer boycotts often driven by the internet;freezing their bank accounts;Withholding investment.The need for war to punish them is actually declining. And wars are seldom fights to the finish any more but now are used to position oneself for negotiation which global public opinion will pressure both sides to undertake. If they don’t do this they will be dragged before the International Criminal Court (ICC) which will punish people who commit crimes against humanity such as through genocide. In future those who commit crimes against nature will also be brought before the ICC.

Finding ways to nurture interdependent relationships by negotiating mutual obligations through the ceding of some independence, so that we can mutually benefit from the synergy that follows the development of a mutually beneficial, interdependent relationship.

Relationships can be enhanced through synergism ( 2+2=5), but also be undermined by it’s opposite - namely antagonism ( 2+2=3)

Developing interdependence negotiation Ways and Wares, which assist us to identify what forms of mutual coercion we can mutually agree upon.

Examples are: the personal adult relationship; The workplace; the supply chain; the loyalty scheme; the political union such as the EU or ASEAN; and our relationship with the environment. Aggregated purchasing utilizing supply chain

interdependence and loyalty will grow in emerging 21st century society.

The three questions we need to be able to answer if we are to place our trust in another in an interdependent relationship are :

Is the other honest? Is the other reliable? Is the other competent? All our young must become experts in initiating,

managing and amicably ending interdependent relationship

Imagine innovations we can create to assess honesty, reliability and competence.

Interdependence is the key word to describe 21st century global society- political, economic interdependence and the recognition that we have no choice but to find ways to coexist and thrive together.

The core principle of interdependence is two or more entities who are seeking to build a closer relationship voluntarily relinquishing some of their independence because of the benefit from union .

Imagine trust-on-line innovations we might create to assess whether the other is honest, reliable and competent before consummating an interdependent relationship. I call these honesty, reliability and competency assessment ways and wares (more on ways and wares shortly)

• Interdependence is perhaps the most important word to describe the essential nature of emerging 21st century society.

• Our interconnectedness and interdependence so magnificently prophesied by John Donne in 1624 is now a reality and recognized by most people.

• The most amazing thing is that since 1960 we have travelled half way to creating this interdependent global society.

• We can predict a great deal more about emerging 21st century society.

• By doing this we can become much more effective in preparing ourselves for future success and we can prepare to maximize our chances for future success by getting to the future first.

• We can do this as individuals communities ,organizations and nations.

• Here is a summary of this historic paradigm shift.

Individualism

Independence

Autocracy

Humanity against nature

Development, production, consumption, lifestyles Unsustainable

Patriarchy

Intercultural & inter-religious Intolerance/Hostility

Conflict Resolution through Confrontation/Combat

Safekeeping through Defence

To the Spaceship Culture / Planetism (2020) Priority to Planet

Communitarianism

Interdependence

Democracy

Humanity part of nature

Development, production, consumption, lifestyles Sustainable

Gender Equality

Intercultural & inter-religious Tolerance/Harmony

Conflict Resolution throughCooperation/Negotiation

Safekeeping through Security

Will want innovations (what I call ways and wares) which deliver products and services demanded by emerging Planetist markets such as democracy, sustainability, intercultural/inter-religious harmony, security and gender equality.

These will enable the creation of sustainable prosperity in the 21st century

Ways : innovations (social innovations) in what we do in order to achieve an objective. Changes to/new behaviours, actions, strategies and cultures.

Wares : innovations (physical innovations) in what we use in order to achieve an a objective. For example new designs, products, services and technologies.

Most of the innovations – the ways and wares- that will be selling in global markets the year 2030 and beyond -and these will be Planetist markets-have yet to be invented.

We can define innovations – ways and wares- which do not yet exist- but will need to exist in the future to realize prosperous, sustainable, secure, harmonious and just Destination 2050 by their purposes. Here is a current example.

Water conservation way : shortening your shower from 6 to 3 minutes

Water conservation ware : a new low volume shower head

Together they enable us to conserve water. Imagine for example, some 21st century

innovations such as living within solar income ways and wares, free and fair elections ways and wares, security ways and wares, inter-religious harmony ways and wares, emotional intelligence ways and wares.

Interdependence means that we must construct win/win outcomes if we want continuing success. Win/lose should be left for the sporting field today and back in the 20th century

Success will increasingly come more from cooperation/ collaboration and less from competition.

Interdependence means that one of the winners should be the communities in which you operate as well as your immediate clients and customers.

Interdependence and collaboration will increasingly be used to create wealth, and independence and greed that does not recognize the negative impact of self interest on others will be increasingly disapproved and punished.

And doing economically well will increasingly require that you do social, ecological and cultural good-the paradigm of global cosmonaut capitalism, rather than while creating social, ecological and cultural bad – the paradigm of global cowboy capitalism.

The global investment and financial system is evolving. Interdependence brings with it both more productivity and more vulnerability particularly if we behave irresponsibly in terms of the needs of others, like the Greeks have recently done. And vulnerability can only be overcome by even more interdependence- with its concurrent mutual coercion/obligations . This has been shown in the current Euro crisis and the opting out of the UK from this increasing interdependence. The majority of financial transactions are speculative- there are many organisations such as hedge funds who are only interested in treating the global financial system as a casino. Will such organisations be advantaged or disadvantaged by increased global integration?

The evolving system will increasingly operate under one set of rules, and will force international responsibility on all financial institutions, irrespective of where they are and this will build further on the already existing Basel 2 and Basel 3. There has been a gradual demise of the influence of many national currencies. This will lead to the establishment of a world central bank and a single global currency within 10-15 years, that is owned by both everybody and nobody. So we won’t have to prop up one currency that is also a national currency-such as the US dollar-so that its role as a global exchange mechanism can be retained. And there will certainly be taxes on financial transactions (eg the Tobin tax) to discourage speculative financial transactions

This increasingly vulnerable interdependent global financial system has already been severely dislocated by narrow self-interested financial corporations, including by merchant banks and hedge funds. Those financial corporations that resist broadening their narrow self-interest into enlightened self-interest risk becoming planetary pariahs. In particular global public opinion and governments have already judged as rogues many of those financial corporations that operate selfishly for individual gain at the cost of undermining and threatening the whole global interdependent financial system. They are as being judged as harshly and are being subjected to as much collective global anger as is directed on autocratic governments that continue to repress their own people.

A recent manifestation of the already quoted poem of John Donne is this story :

A rich Chinese man recently told me why the rich should be much more altruistic today and why, ultimately, narrow self-interest is self-defeating. He said what is the point showering all my wealth and love on my own children if one day my son, when walking down the street is murdered by a poor man who wants to possess his shoes. I am aware that I should contribute to the wellbeing of other people’s children as well as my own.

In an interdependent world we can best succeed by seeking to uplift others as is already occurring through globalisation : with interdependence we all prosper when more of us prosper.

Therefore all organizations can position themselves for 21st century success by being committed Planetists .

Wealth Is a combination of the physical (resources) which must be conserved and the metaphysical (knowledge) which can only grow. (Ralph Buckminster-Fuller)

In many cultures including in my own- Australia-there is too much dependence on the physical component of wealth generation and not enough conscious development of the metaphysical component. Too many people think that wealth comes from beneath the ground, out of the soil, or off the hoof- rather than from between the ears.

We know about economic prosperity and poverty. We can also have ecological, social and cultural

prosperity/poverty. If we cut down a rainforest we create economic

prosperity, albeit short term, while simultaneously creating ecological poverty. Leaving the forest uncut we maintain ecological prosperity and deliver economic poverty. Can we simultaneously create ecological and economic prosperity?

Similarly we can create economic prosperity while simultaneously creating social and cultural poverty.

If we are to create sustainable prosperity we need to be able to create economic prosperity without simultaneously impoverishing ecosystems, society and culture, and even while creating more prosperity in these categories.

In the the 21st century we can do economically well by doing ecological, social and cultural good. Imagine achieving this.

A sustainable society is a society which has achieved sustainable prosperity.

Is a society which is capable of living indefinitely on Spaceship Earth and which lives by planetist values, as distinct from modernist values.

Gives first allegiance to planet over tribe or nation

It will be a society which is prosperous, sustainable, secure, harmonious and just.

What ways and wares are needed to realise such an outcome? – imagine sustainable prosperity ways and wares.

It combines prosperity (wealth) of four different kinds:

Economic prosperity Ecological prosperity Social prosperity Cultural prosperityIt does not involve the increasing

prosperity in one form, whilst increasing poverty in another.

Involves generating wealth from 21st century industries, enterprises, products and services.

70% of the industries, products and services of the year 2030 have yet to be invented.

Many innovations (ways and wares) will be needed to generate economic prosperity, while simultaneously protecting, nurturing and where necessary, restoring ecological, social and cultural prosperity, and avoiding creating ecological, social and cultural poverty.

Here are six design rules for innovation/practices for creating future ecological prosperity - imagine developing ways and wares to: live within perpetual solar income. Turn waste into food . Create zero net collateral damage to the

environment. utilise resources at Just-enough –in-place–an –

time (JEPT). Nurture and restore biodiversity and renewable

resources. learn from and/or mimic nature. In the 21st century we will not increase economic

prosperity by : destroying the environment and creating ecological poverty but by nurturing ecological prosperity (eg biodiversity, landscapes, soil, water) while simultaneously growing economic prosperity.

That we should live within perpetual solar income was first suggested by R. Buckminster Fuller in 1969. There is more than 10,000 times the energy required to meet all our needs arriving daily from the sun as solar energy. Those who invent and market the ways and wares to enable us to utilize solar energy directly will become 21st century billionaires.

An example : One way we can do this is to utilize solar driven marine hydro (ocean currents) which can complement lunar driven marine hydro (tidal power/wave power). Solar energy can be converted into electricity and then into hydrogen through water electrolysis. Hydrogen can be piped into homes and industries , and converted JIT ( Just-in-time) into either thermal energy by burning, or electrical energy via fuel cells.

It would be possible for the whole of Perth to be powered from hot rocks, direct solar, wind power and marine hydro. What could be the role of UDIA in realizing this vision.

Imagine solar energy ways and wares in all their forms?

That we should turn all waste into food was first suggested by William McDonough in 1999. In nature there is no such as waste. the waste of one species provides the food of another.

In the 21st century we should no longer practice the problem centred-strategy of reducing waste, but the mission directed strategy of abolishing waste altogether the, by turning all waste into food through reuse and recycling.

Would could and should be UDIA’s role in creating a zero net waste Perth and WA.

I first suggest this in 1998. The concept of collateral damage originated in the defence sector - meaning unintended damage caused during a military operation caused a lack of precision.

In medicine collateral damage occurs during surgical procedures or other procedures such as administering chemotherapy -in medical parlance these are unwanted side effects. This is unsustainable medicine. Drugs are tested exhaustively to ensure that collateral damage is minimized to acceptable levels before they are introduced. Sustainable medicine would involve performing a procedure with zero net collateral damage such as using biotechnologies to trigger the immune system to overcome cancer or introducing chemicals into the body such as drugs with zero net collateral damage, Vaccines, for example, because they act more precisely, represents a higher level of sustainable medicine than treatment with drugs. However over time all medicine is becoming more sustainable, because is is becoming more precise.

In agriculture we use pesticides and their use harms many non target organisms- in ecological parlance these are unintended environmental impacts. This is unsustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture or what is called evergreen agriculture would occur when through biological control or gene modification we kill the target organism with zero net collateral damage to non-target organisms/the environment.

Public health and safety can be regarded variations of the same narrative of seeking to prevent/avoid/heal collateral damage to people. Preventing health hazards and accidents can both also be seen as forms of avoiding collateral damage. Creating a sustainable and safe society are actually variations of the same narrative.

Zero net collateral damage recognizes that sometimes collateral damage is unavoidable. In his case repair/restoration/healing of damage to people/environments is required if the action is to be regarded as sustainable.

I first suggested this in 1998. Just-in-time (JIT) developed in the manufacturing and retail sectors where supply chains operate to provide needed goods and services just-in-time for their use. This avoids accumulated stockpiles and unnecessary waiting, and it is more cost effective/efficient.

In naturally operating ecosystems, energy and nutrients flow through the ecosystem and are available for use just when they are needed, that is just-enough-in-place-and-time.

In man made processes large amounts are present are time and are excessive to need. For example fertilizers are added to soil during agricultural production in excessive amounts and are washed away by heavy rainfall thereby polluting waterways and offshore waters with excessive nutrients. Biological agriculture in contrast ensures that nutrients are available when needed , as they are in natural ecosystems.

All renewable resources such as water, soil, biodiversity, individual species, or whole ecosystems (both naturally occurring or modified into productive systems such as in agriculture) can be conserved, protected, restored and managed, in order to maintain or restore prosperity, or alleviate poverty. Sustainable use means we should utilize them in ways so that they are not impoverished, including through collateral damage.

Imagine for example ways and wares for soil conservation , soil restoration , soil protection, or soil management to maintain or restore soil prosperity or alleviate poverty and the same with water.

Water conservation: minimize water loss including by evaporation and seepage, prevent water wastage in communities, industry and agriculture, and create sufficient storage to ensure water availability in varying climatic conditions.

Water protection: ensuring water is not polluted by toxins and nutrients, and is of the quality required for its intended use.

Water restoration: enable water to be used many times. Watershed management: meet the ecological needs of rivers,

wetlands and lakes, protect soil, minimize the collateral damage caused by floods/droughts, and deliver water JEPT when/where it is needed. Manage to maintain watershed prosperity , or to restore prosperity /alleviate poverty

What could be the role of UDIA in creating a world leading water management culture in the South West and Perth where rainfall is likely to decrease by 30% by 2050, if climate change is not adequately responded to.

In the north the future will be wetter . Development must be able to deal with more cyclone and intensive rainfall events.

Those who are inspired by a model other than Nature, a mistress above all masters, are laboring in vain. – Leonardo da Vinci

The biomimicry (or bioinspiration) revolution is just beginning. It involves learning from nature: using biological systems as design templates/modules to construct new technologies and innovations, develop new ways of processing and producing goods and services, and create new approaches to organizational management and behavior. It is based on the the thesis that living organisms have been successful at thriving in the environments in which they live, unlike the more than 90% of animals and plants that have ever existed that are now extinct. Biological models are informing many new innovations- such as burrs that inspired the invention of velcro, or the surface structure of lotus flowers that lead to the creation of self cleaning windows. Ecosystem structure and behavior is now informing the next wave of the development of the Internet – the emerging concept of digital ecosystems.

Social prosperity involves creating ways and wares which :Enhance social and community cohesion and

conviviality-in the three kinds of communities described below, including through shared visions and strategies to create the future.

Provide economic security through work and opportunity.

Enable universal life long/learner driven learningSupply adequate universal shelter.Facilitate healing from illness and

opportunity/capability to realise wellness.Ensure the pursuit of individual rights/benefit does not

encroach on/limit community rights/benefit. Social poverty occurs when many of these are

absent and communities have lost cohesiveness and have even become dysfunctional.

Involves the nurturing and celebration of cultural heritage and diversity and the realisation of inter-cultural and inter-religious tolerance, respect and harmony.

Utilising cultural prosperity as a generator of economic prosperity. eg cultural tourism

Involves global/ national arrangements which mitigate against actions which increase cultural poverty

As the world integrates into a single global society, cultural differences are ever more treasured and celebrated (eg. world music, world food courts, cultural tourism).

Conflict between cultures and religions impoverishes culture. Intercultural and inter-religious harmony are essential if the world is to realise sustainable prosperity by 2050. Here is an example of how creating cultural prosperity can also create economic prosperity.

We use the word defence when it has become a much less relevant concept in an increasingly interdependent 21st century when win /loss outcomes need to be replaced by win/win outcomes- outcomes that build interdependence, for increasing interdependence is the major peacebuilding strategy in the 21st century.

The concept of defence is based on the view that our threats are external and involve attempts of conquest across national boundaries, and because previously nations were mostly unicultural .

Our threats are now mostly internal, and our world is now both more interdependent and more multicultural.

We now need much less defence but we do need more security and peacemaking/peacebuilding

21st Century Security requires: Intelligence and vigilance ways and wares. Response to threat ways and wares that also

create zero net collateral damage.21st Century Peacemaking/Peacebuilding

requires : Peacemaking Intervention ways and ware

that create zero net collateral damage. Trade ban, account freeze, consumer

boycott ,ways and wares to punish rogue states and leadership.

Trust building, Negotiation, Intercultural and interreligious tolerance/harmony ways and wares.

Win/win outcomes ways and wares to replace win/loss ways and wares.

Developers are by nature purposeful future-makers. Many of their struggles are with future-takers who feel threatened in their vision, or with future-makers who have an alternative vision.

In an interdependent 21st century success will go to those who dialogue and collaborate with theirs critics and seek is win/win outcomes. Developers in a interdependent 21st century will not succeed if they embody the 20th century win/ lose values of the white shoe brigade.

To be successful 21st century future-makers we should understand the six different ways we think about the future, and the difference between the manager in us and the leader in us.

1. Plausible-future : What could be our future? What alternative initiated externally scenarios are foreseeable? Plausible prediction. Plausible pathways

What could be our future prospects: what plausible-future shaping events can we imagine? What externally driven alternative scenarios for the future can we imagine?

Alternative scenario( plausible-future) planning conducted by itself ignores the fact that we are not helpless, and can actually shape the future and that have aspirations within us about our future .

2. Particular-future: What alternative pathways could realise a particular future? – Particular prediction. Particular pathways

We might be concerned about a particular future event occurring in the future, such as a particular threat or opportunity. We might then seek to examine the different means or scenarios- particular pathways - that might realise this particular-future.

3. Probable-future : What will be our future?. The vision of the manager within us. Probable prediction , Probable pathways

Where are the collective forces shaping our future (current trends) taking us? What will our future be if we continue with business-as-usual. What will be the consequences if we continue on our current pathway, and don’t consider alternative destinations?

4. Prospective-future : What will our future be now? : the probable-future after circumstances change . Prospective prediction , Prospective pathways

What will be the the future if on our journey to a probable-future we are confronted by altered environmental conditions -and new circumstances are moving us from the probable-future towards new prospective destinations ? prospective-future = probable-future +plausible-future

5. Preferred-future : What should/could be our future? The vision of the leader within us. Preferred prospect, Preferred pathways

What do I aspire for myself/ourselves or what could I/we realize? What is my/our dream?

If you don’t have a dream , how you gonna have a dream come true ? (Oscar Hammerstein 3rd)

6. Possible-future : How much of the preferred-future is realizable? The preferred -future when circumstances change an /or capacity/knowledge is limited. Possible prospect , Possible pathways

What destination is possible, given we have limitations to resources/knowledge/capacity, and/or because circumstances and conditions have changed . These circumstances can be predicted and anticipated as plausible-futures. Possible future = preferred future + plausible-future

A change-takerA future-takerA path-taker

Imagine a resilient future-taker

A change-makerA future-makerA path-maker

Imagine a purposeful future-maker

Manager Leader

Responds to change: reactive Creates & shapes change: proactive

Future-taker: path-taker: change-taker Future-maker: path-maker: change-maker

Cautious about risk Careful about risk

Does the thing right Does the right thing

Guided by fate Guided by destiny

Controls actions and events Facilitates actions and events

Works in the organisation Works on the organisation

Prophet: informed & motivated by understanding & predicting trends, and asking why?

Visionary: informed & motivated by imagining the future & the future self, and asking why not?

Probable-futurist: asks what will the future be like?

Preferred-futurist: asks what should/could the future be like?

Problem-centred strategist Mission-directed strategist

1. Confident : having self belief but without hubris (Masculine, Animus, Yang)

2. Courageous: going where others dare not, overcoming self interested opposition (Masculine, Animus, Yang)

3. Committed: doing what must be done, being assertive not aggressive (Masculine, Animus, Yang)

4. Considerate: listening and responding to the opinions and views of others (Feminine, Anima, Yin)

5. Courteous: showing respect in conversation (Feminine, Anima, Yin)

6. Compassionate: responding with empathy to victims/disadvantaged (Feminine, Anima, Yin)

Vision. Motivating/inspiring /mentoring inspiring visions.

What will be/should be our destination, our probable-future/preferred-future?.

Values. Elucidating core organisational values. What values/ethics - both good and bad,

currently guide our behaviour? Virtues. Promoting virtuous organisational

behaviour. What values/ethics should we consciously

promote in our future behaviour and how do we best do this?

Venturers. Recruiting/inspiring/empowering supporters

Who will be, and how do we empower and create effective Champions (internal supporters of the leader) and Allies (external supporters of the leader)?

Voyages. Identifying/stimulating/facilitating strategic actions.

What strategic actions should we facilitate; impediments overcome, improvements made, initiatives taken (collectively the 3is), heritage nurtured and baggage eliminated.

Vehicles. Developing capacity and capability, fostering innovation.

What additional resources/skills are needed?: capacities (resources), capabilities (skills and capabilities).

What social innovations ,including new actions/ behaviours/ethics should we develop/introduce?: Ways

What physical innovations, including new products/ services/technologies, should we develop/introduce?: Wares

The first three dialogues are: 1.Destiny dialogue (Insight) Destiny = aptitude + passion. The secret to a successful life is to understand what is one’s destiny to do and do it (Henry Ford)2.Destination dialogue (Foresight)Vision : Envisioning preferred future/possible future destinations.3.Derivation dialogue (Hindsight) Heritage: What priceless elements in my past- my journey until now should I treasure, nurture and include in our plans moving forward?Baggage: What now unwanted elements from the past are still with us that we must change, modify or eliminate so that our past experiences do not undermine our future journeys?

In the future your relationship with the ‘community sector’ will become more and more complex.

You will succeed best if you seek to construct interdependent relationships with the community sector and this means constructing win/win outcomes in everything you do.

There are now three different kinds of communities: locational , experiential and aspirational communities .The strategies you need to deal with each of these differ.

This is what most of us know as the original concept of community. Locational communities are bonded because its members live together. These can be like a set of Babuska Russian Dolls with each one being located within a larger locational community. Some of our communities can be: our home, our neighborhood, our suburb, our workplace, our city/town, our nation, our planet.

For success you must be seen to be a community member constructing win /win outcomes that affirms your loyalty to community

When you face NIMBY type responses to your proposals you will need to dialogue with them them as an aspirational community- for they are fearing the future implications.

Some times our loyalty to these various communities might cause conflict and we must then choose to which community we should give our primary allegiance. We might live in a town with an industry that is contributing to climate change. But as of a member of the planetary community we also recognize that if the planet is to thrive we might have to close /transform such an industry that until now has sustained us economically.

 

Experiential communities are bonded by shared experiences, including shared past traumas or successes, or by shared heritage. We might belong to a community of ex-students of a school or be supporters of a particular football club. Experiential communities can be co-located or its membership could be spread widely. Cultural and religious diasporas are good examples of experiential communities, as are old school networks. In a rapidly globalizing world these communities are growing massively.

You can deal with these by helping them celebrate their past and present, and to keep their community thriving in what you design , plan and build.

Aspirational communities have shared aspirations/goals. They are bonded because they have a common cause or have a shared vision of the future. All movements for social change, all environmental groups, all businesses who want to improve- are aspirational communities. Members aspire and collaborate to realize a preferred/possible-future and are not happy to settle for a probable-future, of more of the same.

Dealing with them you can dialogue with them about how you can construct a shared future together that continues to celebrate difference while building a shared future for as experiential communities.

Experiential communities and locational communities are predominately future-taking communities. They are often apprehensive about, and reactive to, future change and need to be reassured by words and deeds-and consulted and respected. Aspirational communities are future-making communities. They are often passionate and purposeful about the future. They seek win/win outcomes and want to be proactively involved in design, planning and innovation activities . If they cannot see a win/win outcomes they will seek win/loss with them as winner.

If a locational or experiential community is in decline with a discouraging probable-future, it can transform itself into an aspirational community that seeks to envision/realize a preferred/possible-future. Future success can be assured by adding aspiration to experiential and locational communities, or by creating communities that embody all three forms of community.

Learning is one of the most critical things we do to prepare for future success

What should be done to ensure that education and learning plays the most effective possible role in shaping the future?

Here also are some thoughts on the future of teaching.

Utilizes Destiny dialogues (insight), destination dialogues (foresight) and derivation dialogues (hindsight) to assist in the development of life and career paths . These could be used by counselors and students at points of entry and reentry into education, and for career path and professional development planning.

Keeps educational records of all people –an educational equivalent to a medical record, so that the learning/ case history record travels with students throughout their lives/careers and ensures that learning is customized for the learner.

Eliminates of the last vestiges of the traditional one-size-fits-all educational model derived from Fordist/Taylorist mass production/ manufacturing.

Imagine also the ways and wares we need to invent and market to bring this about.

• The emerging Planetist 21st century has only been possible because of the widespread of public education and the growth and spread of prosperity through globalization.

• This has enabled enough people to look beyond tribal and religious difference to recognize the oneness of humanity, and that we share a common planetary home and shared interdependent future.

• The adoption of Planetist values is strongest among educated people and societies with universal education.

• However education and learning is also critical if we are to prepare people to become 21st Century successful people in both life and work.

Continuous learning is at the centre of professional development and career path planning. In this we should :

learn to become better shapers of the future, that is better learners, leaders, managers, designers, planners and innovators.

Become resilient future-takers and purposeful future-makers, develop the 6Cs and 6Vs in ourselves, utilize the 5Dialogues/3Sights to chart and make pathways into the future, and the 5Ps of the future in our work and life.

But besides what we learn also need to understand how each of us learns best. We can create an appropriate 21st century learning culture, and recognize that all our learning can be done this way.

We need to create a learning culture appropriate for the 21st century, which ensures that all assume responsibility for their own vocational learning and personal development throughout their whole lives.

This proposed learning culture has 8 elements and each makes use of 21st century teaching, learning and technological advances.

Each of these should be realised in detail through the innovation and marketing of ways and wares for each component.

Can you imagine some of these ways and wares?

Lifelong learning. Continuously utilising up to 10% of one’s time to prepare for success on one’s future life and work, and for future organisational success.

Learner driven learning. Learning initiated and managed by the learner, not the teacher/mentor, through the utilisation of learner driven learning technologies.

Just in time learning. Providing the opportunity to learn through curiosity and when the need for knowledge is greatest, including from remote sources, at home & in formal learning /work environments.

Customised learning. Being able to learn more effectively because all learning opportunities and processes are customised to suit different learning and thinking styles.

Transformative learning. Designing learning for, and assessing the success of learning by, the transformation of students, because the transformation of people rather than the acquisition of knowledge is the major purpose of education.

Collaborative learning. Designing learning environments/processes to ensure learning is as effective in groups as it is for individuals.

Contextual learning. Providing a context to maximise learning by locating learning in real life and virtual real life environments which make learning more effective.

Learning to learn, think and feel . Improving the capability to learn ,think and feel- via multiple intelligence learning

Creating and marketing new Ways and Wares to facilitate each of these aspects of the 21st century learning culture.

What changes to learning and teaching are needed to implement it?

 

21st Century relevant teaching will involve the teacher/provider playing three different roles:

The knowledge navigator: Navigating students to sources of data and information so that they acquire it through learner-driven, just-in-time, customized means.

The mentor :Mentoring and inspiring the learner to transform data and information gathered from a wide range of sources into knowledge and wisdom. Provide them with simulated working and experiential environments to contextualize learning for more effective personal development and to prepare for emerging opportunities.

The case manager/life and career path counsellor: Providing guidance to ensure that learning effectively fosters the realization of personal development and career path aspirations.

 

Has a positive, flexible and adaptable disposition towards change, seeing it as normal and as an opportunity, rather than a problem.

Has a security born of self-confidence and is at ease when dealing with insecurity, risks, difficulty and the unknown.

Has the capacity to initiate creative ideas, develop them and see them through into action, in a determined manner.

Is able, even eager, to take responsibility and is an effective communicator, negotiator, influencer, planner and organiser active, confident and purposeful, not passive, uncertain and dependent. (Colin Ball)

 

Here are some of the capabilities that enterprising people excel in: Assessing strengths and weaknesses. Making decisions. Working co-operatively in teams and groups. Planning time and energy. Carrying out agreed responsibilities. Negotiating. Dealing with power and authority. Solving problems. Resolving conflict. Planning and managing projects. Coping with stress and tension. Creating one’s own health/wellness. Evaluating performance. Communicating both verbally and non-verbally. Developing strategic visions/action plans for self and others. Intervening strategically and systematically to shape the future. Modified from and based on the work of David Turner Imagine enterprise skills ways and wares

There is no vision of what an optimal ageing society could or should be, and future-taking rather than future-making dominates discourse and actions relating to ageing.

The way we deal with aging is the way we deal with most things in cultures that are dominated by problem-centred thinking. We look at the emerging problems caused by aging and then seek to eliminate or abate them. This will merely create ageing that is less unsuccessful, not successful. Just as wellness is more than an absence of illness, and sustainability is more than an absence of unsustainability, successful ageing is more than an absence of unsuccessful ageing.

If we are not aging successfully- what then would a vision for successful ageing look like and what would be the core elements of a vision and a strategic action plan to create successful ageing?

A program for successful ageing should include visions and strategic actions at both the individual and community levels.

Are purposeful future-makers as well as resilient future-takers. This is a good time to undertake destiny, destination and derivation dialogues to decide how one might spend one’s life as productively and happily as possible.

Review and reposition their work - doing what gives meaning to ones life- and, if they wish, turning this into their employment, including part time.

Have a clear vision of their preferred legacy - what meaningful gift to future generations, including their own children and grandchildren, they would like to bequeath to future generations. This assists the aged to define an expanded role for themselves as elder or mentor.

Indian Summer Adulthood (ISA) is the name I have given to the period after the end of full time work where one is still able to live a fully independent life. This can now last for several decades and remarkably little thinking has gone into envisioning how this part of life can become both more enriched for aged people and more enriching for the society in which they live .

Until recent times our thinking about this ISA period has been totally dominated by medical models. There is virtually no discussion anywhere about what

In the next decade public policy must be directed towards ensuring ISA people are able to live fulfilled lives, through a personally customized mix of part-time work and recreation, while still contributing to national wellbeing when they wish to through part-time paid and volunteer work, and while maintaining their own economic self-reliance through superannuation.

Among the roles that ISA people could play are expanded social/community roles such as elderhood and mentoring of the young in initiation- transformation into adulthood-programs in secondary schools. This could include formal certification of elderhood by the education system for the widespread introduction of elder mentoring into schools and workplaces.

However as one ages continuous adaptation to change and the re-envisioning of one’s preferred-future/possible -future pathways is also needed.

During ISA times, the ability to live the lifestyle of earlier years is increasingly tested. Some doors might close because of disability and/or disadvantage, but other doors can be identified and new directions of personal development and fulfilment can be charted and travelled. The 3Ds can assist one to develop these new life purposes. If such new purposes are not clearly found and realized ageing is not likely to be successful.

is also a time for people to pursue long postponed aspirations, create pathways to new interests, build new relationships, and identify and access new meliors to improve their wellness. What could call the successful ageing industry is emerging to provide for these needs.

However there still an absence of conceptual frameworks and coherent visions to first imagine and then develop a successfully ageing society.

This should be a priority in all cultures experiencing ageing. Once a conceptual framework and vision has been created there will be possible to imagine and create successful aging ways and wares.

Aged and disabled worker support enabling them to stay in work post the formal retirement age should they choose to .

Effective working from home and from wherever an aged person is- a lightweight mobile office for grey nomadism.

Mobility for the aged that facilitates mobility equivalent to that experienced in middle age.

Healing and wellness for the aged delivered at home. Shopping from home with home delivery . A wide variety of home services for fulfilled living for aged

people. Learning, both professional/vocational and general,

customized for aged people . We can collectively all these successful aging ways and

wares. Clearly many of these are already in the market, demanded as they are by the rapidly growing market for goods and services that are customized for ageing people who want to live more fulfilled lives. However, again it is important that there be a coherent vision and strategy for realizing successful ageing. Without this we will continue on our ad hoc way towards inventing 21st century successful ageing. Society can do much better than this.

More and more people travel and become tourists and pursue other activities that they have yearned to do for years, and that were long postponed during the years of full time work.

Grey tourism and Grey nomadism generally are now major components of tourism business. A considerable amount of it would be categorized as aged customized ecotourism and cultural tourism.

What does travel/ tourism customized for ISA people look like? What new grey tourism ways and wares can you imagine?

There is a growing movement to deal with adult immaturity through the reinvention of Initiation during the middle years of secondary school to ensure that all our young achieve successful adulthood.

This in turn requires the reinvention of Elderhood and a new major role for Elders in society as mentors.

Imagine two new qualifications- one a certificate to record the successful transformation from childhood into adulthood, and another to record the certification of Elderhood.

In the coming decades there will certainly be a massive emphasis placed on workplace elderhood/mentoring. When people ‘retire’ a great deal of knowledge and wisdom walks out through the workplace door. We are on the threshold of creating a group of elders as wisdom workers who will assist stretched workplace management and leadership to be resilient future-takers and purposeful future-makers. Organizations of all kinds will work to ensure that this knowledge and wisdom remains available through workplace elderhood/mentoring.

How many adjectives can you imagine

in front of the world elder? eg. mediation elder, meditation elder, wellness elder, workplace learning elder, urban design elder, democracy elder?

In doing so you will help invent the elder and mentoring profession in the 21st century and assist older people to play a significant role in society should they seek to do so.

• Five transforming generic technologies have shaped development and created economic prosperity over the last two centuries : water-powered mechanization, steam-powered mechanization, electrification, motorization and computerization.

• Technology is one of the key sources of new innovations both in terms of ways and wares . Technology is influencing both problem-centred innovation-doing old things better, and mission-directed innovation-doing new things first.

• A high proportion of the new wares and some of the new ways which will be developed to supply emerging Planetist markets between now and 2050 will be based on five additional generic technologies, namely the digital technologies , biotechnology, biomimicry and bioinspiration, nanotechnology and new materials technologies.

1. The digital technological revolution of cybertechnologies and communications technologies. Cybertechnology consists of IT, (information technology ) and its emerging 21st century descendents KT (knowledge technology) and WT (wisdom technology).

Cybertechnogy also involves the conversion into a common digital language all of the product of human creativity: writing and language, the visual arts, music and sound, the performing arts, film and video, all aspects of culture, and this digital content embodied in the work of professions including designers, planners, architects, engineers, medical researchers, economists and other social scientists, and natural scientists. This permits the synthesis of all forms of current creative expression and the creation of new forms. It enables the transmission of this synthesized digitized product around the world through a coalescence of the cybertechnology and communications technologies, and the access to, and trade in, just-in-time digitized products and services from virtually anywhere on the planet through cloud computing.

Data + purpose = Information

Information + culture = Knowledge. The same Information embedded in different cultures becomes different knowledge. Describe your own working culture.

Knowledge + experience + reflection = WisdomWhat proportion each of information ,knowledge and wisdom respectively do you use in your work?

We are drowning in data and information

We are starving for knowledge and wisdom

Therefore we need not only DT and IT We also need KT and WT The future of IT involves the creation of

KT and WT for Planetist markets. Imagine KT and WT.

What ways and wares would you need to create this ?

The data and information stays behind in the technology.

The knowledge and wisdom walks out the door.

Name : a quality, facility or opportunity which could

be added that would enable knowledge and wisdom to be retained; and

Identify the baggage which should be eliminated.

Identify some ways and wares to achieve both of these?

When you ask a question of knowledge, you get an answer back.

When you ask a question of wisdom, you get another question back.

Imagine knowledge and wisdom on-line.

Imagine KT and WT ways and wares

The biotechnology revolution is a result our increased understanding of the human genome and of proteomics-which involves manipulating the translation of genetic information into proteins.

Among the critical proteins are the enzymes-organizers and controllers of all biochemical pathways and the structural proteins, such as skin and muscle, present in all living things .

Biotechnology enables us to strategically intervene in biochemical and physiological processes to change outcomes such as preventing and curing disease of humans ,animals and plants, and transforming biological systems such as photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis in order to produce new products and energy.

Nanotechnology - based on the minaturization of processes/products down to a billionth of a metre. At this scale the nanotechnologies can operate on molecules directly for they are of the same scale as the molecules that they are manipulating. At this scale systems behave in a different way to what they do when their scale is larger, often for example obeying quantum rather than Newtonian behavior.

Nanotechnology can be used to create many new materials and devices with a vast range applications of such as in medicine, and veterinary medicine, agriculture, electronics, and energy production.

Biotechnology is in fact an organic nanotechnogy, so nanotechnogy can be either organic or non organic (physical) or a combination of the two, and combined with other technologies such as ceramic materials.

The materials developed by a culture have often been seen as so significant that it is used to describe the culture itself- for example stone age, bronze age, iron age. In the 21st century the rapid explosion in technological development has meant that this is no longer as true. However the influence of new emerging material is also shaping our world is still every bit as significant. In the early 21st century we have industrial ceramic materials , and carbon based materials such as polymers, strong carbon fibres , biomaterials, semiconductor materials and metallic alloys. Now in the 21st century we have many materials including industrial ceramic materials , silicon materials (as in chip technology) semiconductor materials , magnetic materials, polymers, and medical implant materials . New materials science and technology now seeks to create specific materials designed and customized to fulfill specific objectives.

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