Designing and Implementing Designing and Implementing Cabling Infrastructure Cabling Infrastructure

Designing and Implementing Designing and Implementing Cabling Infrastructure Cabling Infrastructure

Dr. Saif al ZahirDr. Saif al Zahir

King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Computer Engineering DepartmentComputer Engineering Department

Dr. Saif al ZahirDr. Saif al Zahir

King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Computer Engineering DepartmentComputer Engineering Department

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OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

Planning structured cabling systemsPlanning structured cabling systems

Designing structured cabling systemsDesigning structured cabling systems

Installing structured cabling systemsInstalling structured cabling systems

Types of Cables, Standards, physical topologies, …etc.Types of Cables, Standards, physical topologies, …etc.

Planning structured cabling systemsPlanning structured cabling systems

Designing structured cabling systemsDesigning structured cabling systems

Installing structured cabling systemsInstalling structured cabling systems

Types of Cables, Standards, physical topologies, …etc.Types of Cables, Standards, physical topologies, …etc.

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Planning Structured cabling systemPlanning Structured cabling systemPlanning Structured cabling systemPlanning Structured cabling system

Elements of structured cabling systemElements of structured cabling system

• Site survey of the location. This include the following Site survey of the location. This include the following • types of userstypes of users• applications being run on the networkapplications being run on the network• planned and unplanned growth requirementsplanned and unplanned growth requirements• frequency of moves, additions, and deletionsfrequency of moves, additions, and deletions

• The preparation of detailed diagrams for :The preparation of detailed diagrams for :• cable runs, cable runs, • number of drops per office, number of drops per office, • termination equipments, and termination equipments, and • the physical locations wiring closets and equipment roomsthe physical locations wiring closets and equipment rooms

Elements of structured cabling systemElements of structured cabling system

• Site survey of the location. This include the following Site survey of the location. This include the following • types of userstypes of users• applications being run on the networkapplications being run on the network• planned and unplanned growth requirementsplanned and unplanned growth requirements• frequency of moves, additions, and deletionsfrequency of moves, additions, and deletions

• The preparation of detailed diagrams for :The preparation of detailed diagrams for :• cable runs, cable runs, • number of drops per office, number of drops per office, • termination equipments, and termination equipments, and • the physical locations wiring closets and equipment roomsthe physical locations wiring closets and equipment rooms

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Cabling Design RequirementsCabling Design RequirementsCabling Design RequirementsCabling Design Requirements

Must accommodate equipment relocation and network Must accommodate equipment relocation and network growth without recablinggrowth without recabling

Must satisfy the followingMust satisfy the following• Quality of ServiceQuality of Service

• ReliabilityReliability

• Flexibility of current and future networkFlexibility of current and future network

• dependabilitydependability

• ease of use.ease of use.

Must accommodate equipment relocation and network Must accommodate equipment relocation and network growth without recablinggrowth without recabling

Must satisfy the followingMust satisfy the following• Quality of ServiceQuality of Service

• ReliabilityReliability

• Flexibility of current and future networkFlexibility of current and future network

• dependabilitydependability

• ease of use.ease of use.

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Installing Structured cabling systemInstalling Structured cabling systemInstalling Structured cabling systemInstalling Structured cabling system

Must meet the designs !!!Must meet the designs !!!

Topology of the mediaTopology of the media Cable plant maintenanceCable plant maintenance Termination and connectionsTermination and connections The Network media typeThe Network media type

• Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

• Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

• Copper wiresCopper wires

Must meet the designs !!!Must meet the designs !!!

Topology of the mediaTopology of the media Cable plant maintenanceCable plant maintenance Termination and connectionsTermination and connections The Network media typeThe Network media type

• Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

• Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

• Copper wiresCopper wires

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Other Installation ConsiderationsOther Installation ConsiderationsOther Installation ConsiderationsOther Installation Considerations

Must check ...Must check ... Must check ...Must check ...

Cable PathwaysCable Pathways

• Ease of AccessEase of Access

• Future ExpansionFuture Expansion

• Installation CostInstallation Cost

• EMI/RFI EffectsEMI/RFI Effects GroundingGrounding Fire ProofingFire Proofing

• Plenum SpacesPlenum Spaces

• Through HolesThrough Holes

Building CodesBuilding Codes EnvironmentEnvironment DocumentationDocumentation TestingTesting Consider Over CablingConsider Over Cabling Technology ChangesTechnology Changes CountryCountry

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Cables and LANsCables and LANsCables and LANsCables and LANs

LAN Physical Topology ChoicesLAN Physical Topology Choices

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 05-07

Bus topology

Star topology

Ring topology

Hub

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Devices Devices

• Active devices : end nodes; switches; routersActive devices : end nodes; switches; routers

• Passive devices : connectors; terminals; patch panels; Passive devices : connectors; terminals; patch panels; passive repeaterspassive repeaters

Devices Devices

• Active devices : end nodes; switches; routersActive devices : end nodes; switches; routers

• Passive devices : connectors; terminals; patch panels; Passive devices : connectors; terminals; patch panels; passive repeaterspassive repeaters

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Cables Types, Speeds, and LengthsCables Types, Speeds, and LengthsCables Types, Speeds, and LengthsCables Types, Speeds, and Lengths

Popular

Name

Standard

Name

Speed Media Maxi. Segment

Length

Orange Hose

Ethernet

10Base5 10Mbps Thick Coaxial 500 meters

Cheaper NET

ThinNET

10Base2 10Mbps Thin Coaxial 185 meters

10 BaseT 10BaseT 10Mbps UTP 100 meters

Fiber Ethernet 10BaseF 10Mbps Fiber Optic 2 km

StarLAN 1Base5 1Mbps UTP 500 meters

StarLAN10 10BaseT 10Mbps UTP 100 meters

Popular

Name

Standard

Name

Speed Media Maxi. Segment

Length

Orange Hose

Ethernet

10Base5 10Mbps Thick Coaxial 500 meters

Cheaper NET

ThinNET

10Base2 10Mbps Thin Coaxial 185 meters

10 BaseT 10BaseT 10Mbps UTP 100 meters

Fiber Ethernet 10BaseF 10Mbps Fiber Optic 2 km

StarLAN 1Base5 1Mbps UTP 500 meters

StarLAN10 10BaseT 10Mbps UTP 100 meters

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Types of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables

CoaxCoax• ThicknetThicknet

• ThinnetThinnet

Twisted-PairTwisted-Pair• Category 3/ Category 4 Unshielded Twisted-PairCategory 3/ Category 4 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

• Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-PairCategory 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

• Beyond Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-PairBeyond Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

Fiber OpticFiber Optic• Multi-Mode FiberMulti-Mode Fiber

• Single-Mode FiberSingle-Mode Fiber

CoaxCoax• ThicknetThicknet

• ThinnetThinnet

Twisted-PairTwisted-Pair• Category 3/ Category 4 Unshielded Twisted-PairCategory 3/ Category 4 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

• Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-PairCategory 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

• Beyond Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-PairBeyond Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair

Fiber OpticFiber Optic• Multi-Mode FiberMulti-Mode Fiber

• Single-Mode FiberSingle-Mode Fiber

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Types of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables

Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

Coax Cable: Cross SectionCoax Cable: Cross Section

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 06-20

Braided shield/outer conductor

Plastic or vinyl jacket

Foil shieldPlastic insulator - usually white

Solid metal inner core

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10Base-5 (ThickNet)10Base-5 (ThickNet)10Base-5 (ThickNet)10Base-5 (ThickNet)

Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics

Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5” dia.)Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5” dia.) Multiple Connections Directly to the CableMultiple Connections Directly to the Cable Maximum Segment Length of 500mMaximum Segment Length of 500m Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to

Transceiver Cable to Transceiver BoxTransceiver Cable to Transceiver Box Obsolete DesignObsolete Design

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10Base-2 (Thinnet)10Base-2 (Thinnet)10Base-2 (Thinnet)10Base-2 (Thinnet)

Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics

RG-58 Coax Cable (.17” dia.)RG-58 Coax Cable (.17” dia.) Maximum Segment Length of 185 mMaximum Segment Length of 185 m Maximum of 30 Connections per SegmentMaximum of 30 Connections per Segment Connection Separation a Minimum of .5mConnection Separation a Minimum of .5m 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment Device Connection Via a T-ConnectorDevice Connection Via a T-Connector Legacy Design Phased Out Over TimeLegacy Design Phased Out Over Time

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Types of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of CablesTypes of Cables

Fiber OpticsFiber Optics Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

Fiber Optic Cable: Cross SectionFiber Optic Cable: Cross SectionGOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 06-21

Glass core Glass cladding

2-8 microns Singlemode

Plastic or vinyl jacket

Note: A micron is a millionth of a meter

dia

me

ters

125 microns 125 microns 140 microns

Multimode50 microns 62 microns 100 microns

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Multimode FiberMultimode FiberMultimode FiberMultimode Fiber

Core Diameter Relatively Larger Than Light Wavelength Core Diameter Relatively Larger Than Light Wavelength Normally Uses Inexpensive LED Laser Transmitter and ReceiversNormally Uses Inexpensive LED Laser Transmitter and Receivers Maximum Distance Up to 2 kmMaximum Distance Up to 2 km Graded Index Design Changes the Index of Refraction From the Core OutGraded Index Design Changes the Index of Refraction From the Core Out Most Common Type Is 62.5/125Most Common Type Is 62.5/125mm Uses Wavelengths of 850nm and 1300nmUses Wavelengths of 850nm and 1300nm Often Used for Building Backbones and Short Inter-Building CommunicationsOften Used for Building Backbones and Short Inter-Building Communications

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Single-Mode FiberSingle-Mode Fiber

Core Diameter Much Closer to Wavelength of Light Used (Core Diameter Much Closer to Wavelength of Light Used (m dia.m dia. to 1300nm wavelength)to 1300nm wavelength)

Can Be Used for Distances of 30 km or When High Data Rates Are Can Be Used for Distances of 30 km or When High Data Rates Are RequiredRequired

Uses Powerful Lasers Requiring Extra SafetyUses Powerful Lasers Requiring Extra Safety Used for Phone CommunicationUsed for Phone Communication Electronic Interfaces Very ExpensiveElectronic Interfaces Very Expensive

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Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

Multi-conductor CableMulti-conductor Cable Conductors Arranged in PairsConductors Arranged in Pairs 100 ohm Impedance100 ohm Impedance Considered Easier to InstallConsidered Easier to Install Different Grades of PerformanceDifferent Grades of Performance Can Easily Support Full Duplex OperationCan Easily Support Full Duplex Operation

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Category 3 / Category 4 UTPCategory 3 / Category 4 UTPCategory 3 / Category 4 UTPCategory 3 / Category 4 UTP

Main FeaturesMain Features Main FeaturesMain Features

First Grades of UTP Cable Rated For 10 Mbs First Grades of UTP Cable Rated For 10 Mbs Ethernet Operations (10Base-T)Ethernet Operations (10Base-T)

Category 3 Cable Specified for Operations to 16 Category 3 Cable Specified for Operations to 16 MHz (Installed 1989)MHz (Installed 1989)

Category 4 Cable Specified for Operations to 20 Category 4 Cable Specified for Operations to 20 MHz (Installed 1991)MHz (Installed 1991)

10Base-T Operation Only Uses One Pair to 10Base-T Operation Only Uses One Pair to Transmit and One Pair to ReceiveTransmit and One Pair to Receive

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Category 5 UTPCategory 5 UTPCategory 5 UTPCategory 5 UTP

Main FeaturesMain Features Main FeaturesMain Features

Specified for Operations Up to 100 MHzSpecified for Operations Up to 100 MHz Supports 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, FDDI and ATM 155Supports 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, FDDI and ATM 155 Standard Maximum Operating Length of 100 mStandard Maximum Operating Length of 100 m Stringent Installation Specifications for Maximum Stringent Installation Specifications for Maximum

PerformancePerformance Set Standard for Performance of Entire Circuit (All Passive Set Standard for Performance of Entire Circuit (All Passive

Components Must Be Rated CAT 5)Components Must Be Rated CAT 5) Has Displaced Coax and Fiber for Most Desktop Has Displaced Coax and Fiber for Most Desktop

ApplicationsApplications

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10Base-5 (Thicknet)10Base-5 (Thicknet)10Base-5 (Thicknet)10Base-5 (Thicknet)

Main FeaturesMain Features Main FeaturesMain Features

Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5” dia.)Large Diameter Coax Cable (.5” dia.) Multiple Connections Directly to the CableMultiple Connections Directly to the Cable Maximum Segment Length of 500mMaximum Segment Length of 500m Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m Connection Separation a Minimum of 2.5m 50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment50 ohm Terminator at Ends of Segment Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to Devices Connect to Cable Via AUI Port to

Transceiver Cable to Transceiver BoxTransceiver Cable to Transceiver Box Obsolete DesignObsolete Design

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Media TechnologyMedia TechnologyMedia TechnologyMedia Technology

LAN Media Technology AnalysisLAN Media Technology AnalysisGOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 06-22

4-wire phone station wire

Flat gray modular

Unshielded twisted pair

Shielded twisted pair

Coax- thick

Coax-thin

Coax-thin

Fiber-optic cable

Fiber Glass

RG-62

RG-58, thinnet,

cheapernet

Frozen yellow

garden hose

STP

UTP

Flat satin, telephone

cable, silver satin

Quad RYGB 3 Kbps

14.4 Kbps

100 Mbps

16 Mbps

10 Mbps

10 Mbps

2.5 Mbps

several Gbps

several kilometers

200 feet

200 feet

500 feet

100 feet

100 feet

10-20 feet

200 feet RJ-11 jacks

RJ-11 or RJ-45 plugs

RJ-45

RJ-45 or IBM data

connectors

AUI (attachment

unit interface)

BNC connector

BNC or IBM data connector

SI or SMA 905 or SMA 906

1.00/foot

0.32/foot

1.10 foot

0.42/foot

0.10/foot

0.09-0.18/foot

0.09/foot

0.32/foot

4 insulated wired-red,green, yellow, black. Home phone wiring. Voice Applications

Comes with 4,6,8 conductors. Used for short data cables using modular (mod-tap) adapters

5 Designated categories. Twists prevent interference, increase bandwidth. Voice grade usually not suitable for data

Shielding reduces interference but complicates installation

Original Ethernet cabling

Looks like cable TV cable. Easier to work with than thick coax.

Similar to RG-58 (thinnet) but different electrical characteristics make these cables NOT interchangeable

Difficult to install but technology is improving. High bandwidth, long distance, virtually error free, high security

Media Type Also Called BandwidthDistance

Limits Connectors Comments/Applications Price ($)

Token R

ing

Eth

ern

et

FD

DI

CD

DI

Fast E

thern

et

AT

M

Architectures

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Some Cables’ StandardsSome Cables’ StandardsSome Cables’ StandardsSome Cables’ Standards

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 08-19

Digital Service Level

Number of Voice Channels

Transmission Rate Corresponding Transmission Service

DS-0

DS-1

DS-1C

DS-2

DS-3

DS-4

1

24

48

96

672

4032

64

1.544

3.152

6.312

44.736

274.176

Kbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

DS-0 or switched 64K

T-1 or switched T-1

T-1C

T-2

T-3

T-4

Digital service (DS) hierarchy.

Digital Service Level

Number of Voice Channels

Transmission Rate Corresponding Transmission Service

1

2

3

4

5

30

120

480

1920

7680

2.048

8.448

34.368

139.264

565.148

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

E-1

E-2

E-3

E-4

E-5

CCITT digital hierarchy.

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Installation ReferencesInstallation ReferencesInstallation ReferencesInstallation References

Some standardsSome standards Some standardsSome standards

EIA/TIA Building Telecommunications Wiring StandardsEIA/TIA Building Telecommunications Wiring Standards

• EIA/TIA-568x Commercial Building Wiring StandardEIA/TIA-568x Commercial Building Wiring Standard

• EIA/TIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for EIA/TIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and SpaceTelecommunications Pathways and Space

BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods ManualBICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual National Electric Code (Saudi Arabia Codes)National Electric Code (Saudi Arabia Codes)

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Ethernet Media InterfacesEthernet Media Interfaces

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 06-07

8 pin RJ-45 jack for 10Base-T

BNC connector for 10Base-2 (thin coax ethernet)

DB-15 AUI connector for 10Base-5 (thick coax ethernet)

Jumpers to enable/disable media interfaces

Transceiver

thick coax ethernet

DB-15 AUI

AUI or transceiver cable

DB-15 AUI