designing of 3 phase induction motor blackbook done (1)

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DESIGNING OF 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for,

Diploma in Electrical Engineering.By

Pranit Ma !"#ar S"rte

Pa$an S"%!a&! T!or$at

Prat!ame&! Par&!"ram '!oir

A(a) S"nil *ag!mare

Under the guidance of

Mr. Anan Ti$ari

Ma!ara&!tra State 'oar o+ Tec!nical E "cation

,M"m%ai Region-

Department o+ Electrical Engineering

A.C. Patil College o+ Engineering #!arg!ar

Na/i M"m%ai 0 12 42

4 2564 27



Jawahar Education Society’s

A.C. Patil College o+ Engineering 8!arg!ar Na/i M"m%ai.

CERTIFICATE

his is to certify that the project report entitled ! De&igning o+ 3 P!a&e In "ction Motor " issubmitted as a partial fulfilment for the Diploma in Electrical Engineering #aharashtraState Board of echnical Education $#umbai %egion& in the academic year '()*+) -

By

Pranit Ma !"#ar S"rte

Pa$an S"%!a&! T!or$at

Prat!ame&! Par&!"ram '!oir

A(a) S"nil *ag!mare

66666666666666666666

Mr. A.8. Ti$ari

$.nternal /uide&

6666666666666666666 66666666666666666666

Pro+. 9.R. M"n #ar Dr. D.G. 'or&e

$0-1-2- Electrical 2ept-& $3rincipal&

66666666666666666666 66666666666666666666

Internal E:aminer E:ternal



Ac#no$le gement

.t is indeed a matter of great pleasure and proud pri4ilege to be able to present this project on

! DESIGN OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR "- he completion of the seminar wor5 which is

partial fullfilment of diploma academic wor5s is a milestone in student’s life and its e6ecution is ine4itable

in the hands of guide- . am highly indebted to the project guide . Mr. A.8. Ti$ari for their in4aluable

guidance and appreciation for gi4ing form and substance to this report- .t is due to their enduring efforts,

patience and enthusiasm which has gi4en a sense of direction and purposefulness to this seminar report and

ultimately made it success-

. would also li5e to e6press my deep regards and gratitude to my 3rincipal, Dr.D.G.'or&e and 2ean

Dr. M.M. De&!pan e for moral support and i would li5e to tender my sincere than5s to all faculties of

Electrical Engineering 2epartment and from other departments for their cooperation and in4aluable ad4ice-

. would li5e to tender my sincere than5s to Mr. S"mit S!ir#e Sir and all other faculties of Electrical

Engineering 2epartment and from other departments for their co+operation and in4aluable ad4ice-

7ast but not least . e6tend my sincere than5s to supporting staff and my friends who helped directly or

indirectly to complete my academic wor5-

81U%’S S.9:.E%E78,

3%A9. #A20U;A% SU% E-

3A<A9 SUB0AS0 01%<A -

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AJA8 SU9.7 <A/0#A%E -



A'STRACT

he aim of the proposed system is to de4elop a three phase induction motor which operates on three phase

ac supply- This system describes the design and implementation of a high accuracy, low

cost, small size, low torque, higher e ciency. The main advantage of this motor is it

required less maintenance. Also we can easily change the connection of the motor

externally as required.

Induction motors are the most widely used electrical motors due to their reliability,

low cost and robustness. owever, induction motors do not inherently have the

capability of variable speed operation. !ue to this reason, earlier dc motors wereapplied in most of the electrical drives. "ut the recent developments in speed control

methods of the induction motor have led to their large scale use in almost all

electrical drives.



Content&;

2.2 Intro "ction

2.4 Hi&tor)

2.3 Aim o+ t!e pro(ect

2.1 O%(ecti/e&

4.2 <iterat"re re/ie$

4.4 No6<oa Te&t

4.3 'loc#e 6Rotor Te&t

3.2 *or#ing principle

3.4 Con&tr"ction

3.4.2 Stator

3.4.4 Rotor

3.4.4.2 S="irrel cage t)pe

3.4.4.4 *OUND ROTOR T>PE

3.1 PRODUCTION OF RMF

3.5 DIRECTION OF RMF 1.2 STEP6 DO*N TRANSFORMER

1.4 PARTS OF TRANSFORMER

1.4.2 ?E@ ?I@ SECTIONS

1.4.4 'O''IN

1.3 MOTOR FRAME *ITH 'O''IN

1.1 ROTOR 5.2 COST ESTIMATION

5.4 E<EMENTS OF COST ENCOUNTERED IN THIS PRO9ECT

5.4.2 DESIGN COST

5.4.4 MATERIA< COST



CHAPTER NO.2



2.2 INTRODUCTION

An induction or asynchronous motor is an A: electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed

to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding- An

induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation , separate+e6citation or self+e6citation

for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in uni4ersal, 2: and

large synchronous motors- An induction motor=s rotor can be either wound type or squirrel+cage type -

hree+phase squirrel+cage induction motors are widely used in industrial dri4es because they are rugged,

reliable and economical- Single+phase induction motors are used e6tensi4ely for smaller loads, such as

household appliances li5e fans- Although traditionally used in fi6ed+speed ser4ice, induction motors are

increasingly being used with 4ariable+frequency dri4es $>?2s& in 4ariable+speed ser4ice- >?2s offer

especially important energy sa4ings opportunities for e6isting and prospecti4e induction motors in 4ariable+torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor load applications- Squirrel cage induction motors are 4ery

widely used in both fi6ed+speed and 4ariable+frequency dri4e $>?2& applications- >ariable 4oltage and

4ariable frequency dri4es are also used in 4ariable+speed ser4ice

2.4 HISTOR>

.n )@' , the ?rench physicist ?ran ois Arago formulated the e6istence of rotating magnetic fields, termed

Arago=s rotations, which, by manually turning switches on and off, <alter Baily demonstrated in )@CD as in

effect the first primiti4e induction motor- he first alternating+current commutatorless induction motors ha4e

been independently in4ented by /alileo ?erraris and 9i5ola esla, a wor5ing motor model ha4ing been

demonstrated by the former in )@@* and by the latter in )@@C- esla applied for U-S- patents in 1ctober and

9o4ember )@@C and was granted some of these patents in #ay )@@@- .n April )@@@, the %oyal Academy ofScience of urin published ?erraris=s research on his A: polyphase motor detailing the foundations of motor

operation- .n #ay )@@@ esla presented the technical paper A 9ew System for Alternating :urrent #otors

and ransformers to the American .nstitute of Electrical Engineers $A.EE& describing three four+stator+pole

motor types one with a four+pole rotor forming a non+self+starting reluctance motor, another with a wound

rotor forming a self+starting induction motor, and the third a true synchronous motor with separately e6cited

2: supply to rotor winding- /eorge <estinghouse, who was de4eloping an alternating current power system

at that time, licensed esla’s patents in )@@@ and purchased a US patent option on ?erraris= induction motor

concept- esla was also employed for one year as a consultant- <estinghouse employee :- ?- Scott was

#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_(electric)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_rotor_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel-cage_rotor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-frequency_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_(electric)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_rotor_motor


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_motor



assigned to assist esla and later too5 o4er de4elopment of the induction motor at <estinghouse- Steadfast in

his promotion of three+phase de4elopment, #i5hail 2oli4o+2obro4ols5y in4ented the cage+rotor induction

motor in )@@D and the three+limb transformer in )@D(- ?urthermore, he claimed that esla=s motor was not

practical because of the two+phase pulsations- Although <estinghouse achie4ed its first practical induction

motor in )@D' and de4eloped a line of polyphase ( hertF induction motors in )@DG, these early

<estinghouse motors were two+phase motors with wound rotors until B- /- 7amme de4eloped a rotating bar winding rotor- he /eneral Electric :ompany $/E& began de4eloping three+phase induction motors in )@D)-

By )@D , /eneral Electric and <estinghouse signed a cross+licensing agreement for the bar+winding+rotor

design, later called the squirrel+cage rotor- Arthur E- ;ennelly was the first to bring out full significance of

the letter HiH $the square root of minus one& to designate the D(+degree rotation operator in comple6 number

analysis of A: problems- /E=s :harles 3roteus SteinmetF greatly de4eloped the application of A: comple6

quantities by including terms now commonly 5nown as the induction motor=s SteinmetF equi4alent circuit-

.nduction motor impro4ements flowing from these in4entions and inno4ations were such that a )((+horsepower induction motor currently has the same mounting dimensions as a C-*+horsepower motor in

)@DC-

2.3 AIM OF PRO9ECT

1ur aim is to ma5e 2esign of three phase squirrel cage induction motor by using single phase

transformers- .n addition we are changing the direct of motor and switching the motor from star to delta of

stator winding with the help of three pole double through switch-

2.1 O'9ECTIBES

his project aims to impro4ing the performance of G phase induction motor- his aim is translatedinto set of objecti4es which can be summariFed as follows

)- <e are using a transformer core as a pole of induction motor- he transformer core is moreefficient so if we use the transformer core material for induction motor’s core then losses will bereduced-

'- o design induction motor in low cost-

$



CHAPTER NO.2

%



2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

he parameters of the induction motor model 4ary as operating conditions

change- Accurate 5nowledge of these parameters and their dependency on operating

conditions is critical for optimal field oriented control-

he testing method that will be used for modeling is off site method that is to

test the motor separately fiom its application site $laboratory e6periment&- he motor

will be tested indi4idually, and the tests that will be conducted are no+load test and

bloc5ed+rotor test to e6tract the parameters needed for the characteristic study-

4.4 NO6<OAD TEST

he no+load test is li5e the open circuit test of the transformer and it gi4es

information about e6citing current and rotational loses- he test is performed by

applying balanced rated 4oltage on the stator windings at the rated frequency- he small

power pro4ided to the machine is due to core loses, fiction and winding loses- #achine

will rotate at almost synchronous speed which ma5es slip nearly to Fero-

Fig. ,4.4.2-

&



4.3 '<OC8ED6ROTOR TEST

he Bloc5ed+rotor test, li5e short circuit test on a transformer, pro4ides the

information about lea5age impedances and rotor resistance, % ( - %otor is at the stand still,

while low 4oltage is applied to stator windings to circulate rated current- #easure the

4oltage and power to the phase- Since there is no rotation slip, SI1 the equi4alent circuit

will be as following- %, will be ignored as it 4alue is much less than core losses

Fig. ,4.3.2-

'



CHAPTER NO.3

(



3.2 *OR8ING PRINCIP<E

<hen G phase stator winding is fed by G phase supply then rotating magnetic field is set up-

hough rotor conductors are stationary there is a relati4e 4elocity between field and rotor conductors- 0ence

field is cut by rotor conductors and E#? is induced in it-

2ue to induced E#?, current flows through the rotor conductors-

According to 7enF’s 7aw, it opposes the cause of its own production ie-, relati4e 4elocity-

o reduce the relati4e 4elocity, rotor starts running in same direction as that of rotating magnetic flu6 andtries to catch up rotating magnetic flu6-

3.4 CONSTRUCTION

here are two main parts of three phased induction motor

)- Stator-'- %otor-

3.4.2 STATOR

As the name suggests, it is stationary part of the motor- his parts is made of silicon steel stampings$i-e- thin sheets&- his stamping is slotted-

<hen complete stator is assembled, slots are formed on the inner side of the stator- he slots may beopen type, semi+open type or close type -.n this slots a three phase winding is accommodated- his windingmay be star or delta connected- he ends of the winding are brought out into the terminal bo6 where three

phase A-:- supply is connected-he stator windings, stator and A-: supply is connected to the stator winding as shown in abo4e

figure-

3.4.4 ROTOR

here are two type of induction motor depending upon the construction of the rotor-

)- Squirrel cage type-'- <ound rotor type-

)



3.4.4.2 S UIRRE< CAGE T>PE

his is the simplest and most rugged construction- he rotor consists of a cylindrical laminated corewith s5ewed rotor slots-

he rotor conductors which are thic5 copper bars, are placed in these slots and are braFed or weldedto and rings- hus, the rotor conductors are permanently short+circuited- herefore it is not possible to addany e6ternal resistance in the rotor circuit-

he rotor body is made of silicon steel stampings- he construction of the rotor loo5s li5e a cage ofHsquirrelH and hence called as Hsquirrel cage type motorH-

3.4.4.4 *OUND ROTOR T>PE

• .n this type of induction motor, the rotor is made up of lamination with slot In t!i& t)pe of inductionmotor, the rotor is wound for the same number of poles as that on the stator- he rotor is made up oflaminations with slots on the outer periphery in which a G+phase rotor winding is placed- he three

phases are connection star connection internally- he remaining three terminals are brought out andconnected to a slip+ring mounted on the shaft-

• he slip+rings are made up of copper or phosphor bronFe and there are three brushes restingon them- E6ternal connections to additional resistances are done at these brushes-

• <hen runnin g under nor mal condit ions, the slip+ri ngs are short+circuited by a metalcollar which is pushed along th e shaft and the brushes are lifted from the slip+rings to reduce th e

frictional losses and wear-• As a regular G+phase winding is used for rotor, this type of is called as Hphase wound rotor

typeH- .t is also called as Hslip+ring typeH because slip+rings are used-• A section 4iew of a Hslip+ringH type G+phase induction motor is shown in these following ?ig-

3.3 Ta%le o+ part& an t!eir +"nction&.

Sr no. Part& Material& F"nction&

2. Stator cores$E+sections K.+sections&

.ron o fi6 the bobbin in it-

4. Bobbin 3lastic 0ouses stator winding-

3. %otor frame 3lywood Supports rotor on it K holds the shaft in perpendicular tightly-

1. %otor$can& .ron .n order to lin5 the flu6 which comes out from the stator-

5. Shaft Stainless Steel .t is tightly fi6ed in the frame and supports the rotor-

7. Stator winding :opper 3roduces %#?-

*



. Air gap + o pro4ide gap in rotor and stator-

3.1 PRODUCTION OF RMF ,Rotating Magnetic Fiel -

• he induction motor operates on the principle of rotating magnetic field $%#?& which is produced by rotor winding of induction motor in the air gap between the stator and the rotor-

• he stator is a three phase stationery winding which can be either star connected or delta connected

as shown in fig-• <hene4er the ac supply is connected to the stator winding, line current, . %, . 8 and . B starts flowing-

9ote that these line current are phase shifted by )'(L with respect to each other-• 2ue to each line current a sinusoidal flu6 is produced in the air gap- hese flu6es ha4e the

same frequency as that of the line currentsi-e- *(0F and they also are )'( L phase shifted with respect to each other-

3.5 DIRECTION OF RMF

• he direction of %#? depends on the phase sequence of the ac supply being connected to the statorwinding-

• As we ha4e pro4ed, the %#? rotates in the cloc5wise direction if the phase sequence is %, 8, B i-e-the normal sequence as shown in ?ig- )-'- $a&-

• But if we interchange any two phases of the ac supply to get a new phase sequence say R ' > then the direction of %#? will re4erse- .t will start rotating in anticloc5wisedirection as shown in ?ig- )-'- $b&-

+



CHAPTER NO 1

#



Met!o olog) an Part& o+ Motor

4.1 Step-down Trans or!ers

Fig. ,1.2.2-

ransformers con4ert A: electricity from one 4oltage to another with a little loss of power- Step+up

transformers increase 4oltage, step+down transformers reduce 4oltage- #ost power supplies use a step+down

transformer to reduce the dangerously high 4oltage to a safer low 4oltage-

he input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called the secondary- here is no electrical

connection between the two coilsM instead they are lin5ed by an alternating magnetic field created in the soft+

iron core of the transformer- he two lines in the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core-

ransformers waste 4ery little power so the power out is $almost& equal to the power in- 9ote that as 4oltage

is stepped down and current is stepped up-

he ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the turn’s ratio, determines the ratio of the

4oltages- A step+down transformer has a large number of turns on its primary $input& coil which is connected

to the high 4oltage mains supply, and a small number of turns on its secondary $output& coil to gi4e a low

output 4oltage-

urns %atio I $>p N>s& I $ 9p N 9s & <here,

<here,

>p I primary $input& 4oltage-

>s I secondary $output& 4oltage

9p I number of turns on primary coil

9s I number of turns on secondary coil

.p I primary $input& current

.s I secondary $output& current-

##



/ith the help of these 0I1 2 0-1 sections we construct the statorframe for motor. These sections also give support to the bobbin3stator winding4, the bobbins are 5xed in 0-1 sections in frame.

4.2.2 'O''INS

The bobbin or coil former supports the winding, aligns the cores,channels the winding and provides a termination and connectionmethod. -ach bobbin is designed for use with a speci5c core shape./e use the bobbins to give support to stator winding, and togetherthey act as stator of motor.

Fig. ,1.4.4.2-

#%



4.( #OTOR "RA#E WITH 'O''INS

Fig ,1.4.1-

In 5g. we combine the 0I1 and 0-1 sections with bobbins with winding onthem together they form frame and stator winding of induction motor.

In this winding on bobbin 0A1 is connected in series with winding onbobbin 0"1, similarly winding of bobbin 061 is connected in series withwinding on bobbin 0!1 and winding of bobbin 0-1 is connected in serieswith winding of bobbin 071.

/hen we give %8 A6 supply to stator winding it produces rotatingmagnetic 5eld in air gap between stator and rotor. That is lin9s with rotorand rotor starts rotating.

#&



4.4 ROTOR

/e use tin can 3:il paint can4 as rotor of motor. ;quirrel cage type rotorboth the ends are shorted with the help of end rings, so we use paint canas a rotor for our motor. The rotating magnetic 5eld produced by statorwinding is lin9 with tin can so -<7 induced in it and it starts rotating.

#'



CHAPTER NO.5

#(



CHAPTER NO.7

7.2 ADBANTAGES OF INDUCTION MOTOR OBER DC MOTORS

#*



Because of some of the following ad4antages, the induction motors are replacing the dc motors, inthe 4arious applications- he ad4antages are

)- 7ow maintenance requirement since the squirrel cage induction motor does not use thecommutator’s and the brushes-

'- %uggedness, smaller siFe and weight-G- 7ow cost

- hey can operate in dusty and e6plosi4e en4ironments, because the brushes are not being used-herefore there is no possibility of spar5ing-*- hey can operate at much higher speeds, as compared to 2: motors $of the order of )',((( %3#&-

his is again possible as the brushes are absent so no friction-- .ts torque+speed characteristics is similar to 2: shunt motor characteristics- So it runs at almost

constant speed at all loads with the speed decreasing slightly with increase in speed-C- .t can produce sufficient torque-@- Speed control by using thyristors can gi4e a wide range of speed-

7.4 DIS6ADBANTAGES

)- As will be e6plained later on, the efficiency of induction motors 4aries with speed-'- .n induction motors, the flu6 and armature $stator& current cannot be controlled separately, as there is

only stator winding and rotor is not accessible for the user-G- hey ha4e low starting torque-

- hey ha4e lagging and low power factor-*- Speed control by electrical methods is not easy-

7.3 APP<ICATIONS OF MOTOR

)& ?ans'& ?or demonstration purpose in colleges-

#+



CHAPTER NO.

CONC<USION

A low cost three phase induction motor is designed- his motor can be used in industrial field, Aswell as other required applications-

he performance analysis of motor indicates that, it has less efficiency because it is hand made- <ecan impro4e the efficiency of motor by using proper machineries to ma5e different parts of motor

and for staging of sections to reduce air gap between sections-he motor has low torque so we can use it for low torque applications only, e-g- ?an, as well as fordemonstration purpose in collages-

$



CHAPTER NO.

REFRENCES

)& A- >eltman, 2-<-J- 3ulle, and %-<- 2e2onc5er, Ad4anced Electrical 2ri4es Analysis, #odeling,:ontrol, Springer, '())-

'& J-7- ;irtley, Electric 3ower 3rinciples Sources, :on4ersion, 2istribution, and Use, <iley, '()(-

G& A- >eltman, 2-<-J- 3ulle, and %-<- 2e2onc5er, ?undamentals of Electrical 2ri4es, Springer, '((C-

& .- Boldea and S-A 9asar, Electric 2ri4es, :%: 3ress, 'nd ed- '(( -

*& J- :hiasson, #odeling and 0igh 3erformance :ontrol of Electric #achines, <iley+.EEE, '((*-

$$



& 3-:- ;rause, 1- <asyncFu5, and S-2- Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric #achinery and 2ri4e Systems,.EEE 3ress, 'nd ed- '(('-

C& https?@@en.wi9ipedia.org@wi9i@Induction motor

@& 9- #ohan, Electric #achines and 2ri4es A ?irst :ourse, <iley, '()'-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor

designing of 3 phase induction motor blackbook done (1)

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