designing software with a sustainability intent - the software sustainability assessment (sosa)...

Designing Software with a Sustainability Intent! The Software Sustainability Assessment! SoSA© method!

!!!Patricia Lago!Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

WHAT DO THESE PROJECTS HAVE IN COMMON?

#1: THIS IS WHAT MAKES SOCIETY A BETTER PLACE #2: SOFTWARE IS THERE TO MAKE THE DREAM COME TRUE

‹#› Hetbegintmeteenidee

Are we looking at the right problems? Do we have the right instruments?

Source:DorianGray(2009),themo?onpicture

PATRICIALAGO©2016

A (simple) example: Smart Healthcare and Medication Reminder Apps

“Smart Healthcare is defined by the Technology that leads to be7er diagnos8c tools, be7er treatment for pa8ents, and devices that improve the quality of life for anyone and everyone.”

Source:bluestream.sg/smart-healthcare

Education: Computer Science Master Track Software Engineering and Green IT

P. Lago, A Master Program on Engineering Energy-Aware SoIware. In Interna8onal Conference on Informa8cs for Environmental Protec8on, BIS Verlag, 2014.

The Green Lab A master course for serious experimentation in software energy

efficiency

research education

practice

“encourage critical and interdisciplinary thinking”

“experiment with new methods”

“pose sustainability

challenges and needs”

© Patricia Lago 2014

RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY

OPTIMIZED DATA MANAGEMENT +70% performance

WEBSITE CONTENT DELIVERY -45% energy consumption

SMART USE OF WEB RESOURCES -8,5% energy consumption

SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT STRATEGY

-10% power consumption

RESULTS FROM CASE STUDIES

FLEXIBLE COMPUTATION OFFLOAD

-40% power consumption

SOFTWARE REFACTORING -50% energy consumption -20% power consumption

EFFICIENT DATABASE QUERIES -25% energy consumption

PATRICIALAGO©2016,2017

KNOWLEDGE BANK REUSABLE METRICS / KPIs

RESEARCH: Plan for software sustainability


SoSA method: DECISION MAP

RQ: How to Plan for Software to be “Sustainable by Design”?


SW ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

Software intent: “the fundamental laws that capture a software system’s intended behavior”

[Huisman et al, Software that meets its intent, 2016]

PATRICIALAGO©2016

Technical Economic

Social Environmental

Source: P. Lago et al. “Framing Sustainability as a SoIware Quality Property”, ACM Communica8ons, 2015.

Software with a sustainability intent: intended sustainability behavior”

Four relevant sustainability concerns

Technical Economic

Social Environmental

PATRICIALAGO©2016

Sustainability Defined u Technical Sustainability addresses

the long-term use of software-intens ive systems and the i r appropr ia te evo lu t ion in an execu t ion env i ronment tha t continuously changes.

u Economic Sustainability focuses o n p r e s e r v i n g c a p i t a l a n d (economic) value.

u Social Sustainability focuses on supporting current and future generations to have the same or greater access to social resources by pursuing generational equity. For software-intensive systems, this dimension encompasses the direct

support of social communities in any domain, as well as the support of activities or processes that indirectly create benefits for social communities.

u Environmental Sustainability aims at improving human welfare while protecting natural resources. For software-intensive systems, this dimension aims at addressing ecologic requirements, including energy efficiency and ecologic awareness creation.

Source: P. Lago et al., Framing Sustainability as a Software Quality Property, ACM Communications, 2015.

Impacts Defined ◆ Immediate impacts refer to changes which are immediately observable. ◆ Enabling impacts arise from use over time. This includes the opportunity to

consume more (or less) resources, but also shorten their useful life by obsolescence (when we buy a new smart phone just because incompatible with newer applications) or substitution (when e-book readers replace printed books). ◆ Systemic impacts refer to persistent changes observable at the macro level.

This includes behavioral change and economic structural change. This may translate into (negative) rebound effects by converting efficiency improvements into additional consumption, or new risks - like our dependence on ICT networks that makes a digital society also vulnerable.

Source: L. Hilty et al. The relevance of information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability. Environm. Modelling & Software, 21(11):1618-1629, 2006.

TECHNICAL

ECONO

MIC

SOCIAL

ENVI

RONM

ENTA

L

software

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

ENABLING IMPACT

SYSTEMIC IMPACT

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SOFTWARESUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO

PATRICIALAGO©2016

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

Software Product

Software with a sustainability intent: A multi-dimensional problem over time

SYSTEMIC IMPACT

ENABLING IMPACT

SOFTWARESUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO

PATRICIALAGO©2016

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

Software Product

Software with a sustainability intent: A multi-dimensional problem over time

TECHNICAL E

CO

NO

MIC

SOCIAL

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

ENABLING IMPACT

SYSTEMIC IMPACT

ENERGY SAVINGS

SCALABILITY CONFIGURABILITY

SOFTWARESYSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTMETHOD©PATRICIALAGO

WELL BEING

HEATHCARE SAVINGS

ENERGY COSTS

Smart Lighting

PATRICIALAGO©2016

PHILIPS SOFTWARE for SMART LIGHTING CONTROL

+

+

-

+

+/- +/-

An example

Identify scope of sustainability impact …

Assign indicators

Software solution

… in the pertinent sustainability dimension

Drivers, goals, quality properties

Going from a software solution to its sustainability impact

PATRICIALAGO©2016

Identify scope of sustainability impact …

Assign indicators

Software solution

… in the pertinent sustainability dimension

Going from a software solution to its sustainability impact

Architecture/Concernsà Dimensions à Indicators à Metrics/KPIs à Measures à Decision Map

Drivers, goals, quality properties

PATRICIALAGO©2016

TECHNICAL E

CO

NO

MIC

SOCIAL

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L

IMMEDIATE IMPACT

ENABLING IMPACT

SYSTEMIC IMPACT

KPMG (Qubus)

POWER CONSUMPTION

EXECUTION TIME

(data load) ENERGY CONSUMPTION

(deployment strategy) 10%

+/- +/-

Architecture/Concerns à Dimensions à Indicators à Metrics/KPIs à Measures à Decision Map

Another example

Source: R. Verdecchia et al., Estimating Energy Impact of Software Releases and Deployment Strategies: the KPMG Case Study, in ESEM 2017, to appear.

SoSA Model MaaS Framework: the mobility end-user perspective

Source: T. Niggebrugge, S. Vos, P. Lago. The Sustainability of Mobility as a Service Solutions - Evaluated through the SoSA Method, work in progress, July 2017.

PATRICIALAGO©2016

SoSA Model MaaS Framework: the mobility provider perspective

Source: T. Niggebrugge, S. Vos, P. Lago. The Sustainability of Mobility as a Service Solutions - Evaluated through the SoSA Method, work in progress, July 2017.

PATRICIALAGO©2016

Thank you

28 @patricia_lago

Credits: slides, ideas and results are a collec8ve effort with my bright and energe8c colleagues in the S2 Group @Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam www.s2group.cs.vu.nl