detailed project report for grid interactive roof …
TRANSCRIPT
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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR
GRID INTERACTIVE ROOF TOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
POWER PLANT AT
SENGAMALA THAYAAR WOMEN’S COLLEGE
MANNARGUDI.
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CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BENEFITS OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
3. PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION
3.1. PROJECT LOCATION
3.2. RADIATION DATA
4. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF POWER PLANT
4.1. SOLAR PV MODULES
4.2. POWER CONDIOTIONING UNIT (PCU)
4.3. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX
4.4. CABLES AND CONNECTORS
5. SPECIFICATIONS FOR MAIN POWER PLANT
6. OPERATION AND MAINTAINANCE
7. ANNEXURE
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INTRODUCTION
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1. INTRODUCTION
Thanks for choosing Solariz Green Power Pvt. Ltd., to install Solar Grid-Tie PV
System in your SENGAMALA THAYAAR EDUCATIONAL TRUST WOMEN’S COLLEGE.
Solariz Green Power Pvt Ltd, an Engineering Company founded by technocrats
with a passion for Solar Energy & its power to transform the way we live. With Indigenous
technical capabilities combined with high calibre engineering resources, thus providing
superior quality solar products to the customer and Promoting the high potential
renewable energy for the future. Continuously growing and aimed to provide a
Comprehensive Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) services for Solar PV
projects in the renewable power sector. We provide Power Solutions for homes, schools,
colleges and industries from Kilo Watts – Mega Watt range projects.
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Table 1-1.: PROJECT DETAILS:
1 Project Authority SOLARIZ GREEN POWER PVT
LTD.
2 Project Installed Capacity 20kWp +/- 3% Solar Photo
voltaic
3 Benificiary Name &
Address
Sengamala Thayaar
Educational Trust Women’s
College.
Sundarakkottai,
Mannargudi-614 016,
Thiruvarur
District,Tamilnadu.
4 Solar module type Poly crystalline
5 Capacity of each module 250Wp
6 No. of modules 80
7 PV System Mounting
Structure type
MS Galvanized material , Fixed
structure
8 No. of module mounting
structures
1 set
9 No. of Array junction boxes 1
10 Power conditioning Unit
(Inverter)
20 kVA
11 No. of inverters 1 No.
12 Inverter make REFU-SOL
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13 Gross Power Generation
(kW)
20 Kw +/- 3%
14 Plant Commissioning Date Feb 2014
15 Area required 1400 sq.ft
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2. BENEFITS SOLAR PV POWER PLANT
• Fuel source without limit
• Free, because main source is the sun Environment friendly, clean, do not
contribute to global warming, acid rains or smog, helps the decrease of harmful green
house gas emissions.
• Renewable.
• Give us a way to harness power in remote locations.
• Does not use fuel therefore does not contribute to the cost of the recovery
and transportation of fuel or radioactive waste.
• Become an official green business through Green Business
Programs.
• Solar power production is a silent process.
• The equipment needs little maintenance.
• Saving money on long term basis.
• The equipment is easy to install Increase the grid reliability i.e.,
voltage and frequency
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PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION
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3. PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION
3.1. PROJECT LOCATION
The Proposed project site is located in Virudhunagar district, in the State of
Tamilnadu. Below figure shows the project location.
Geographical coordinates of power plant site;
(a) Latitude : 100 37’19.11’’ NORTH
(b) Longitude : 790 26’9.43” EAST
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3.2. RADIATION DATA & PROJECTED POWER GENERATION
3.2.1. SOLAR RADIATION MAP OF INDIA
Radiation data for project location : 5.8 – 5.6 KWh/sq . m
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DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS
OF THE POWER PLANT
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4. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE POWER PLANT
The Solar electricity is produced when the Photons from the sun rays hit the electrons
in the Solar PV panels, this will generate Direct Current (DC). The DC electricity from
the panels passes through DC distribution network to a grid-tie inverter, which
converts the DC electricity into 4 30V AC for three phase operation by using state of
the art technology.
Grid-Tie connected solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and
components listed below.
1. Solar PV Modules
2. Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
3. Module mounting structure
4. Cables & connectors
5. Array Junction Box & Accessories
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4.1. PV MODULE
PV Module (solar panel) can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to
generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. The PV
modules convert the sunlight falling on them into corresponding DC electrical power
output. The PV module frame is made out of anodized aluminium. Each PV module
consists of 60 Nos. of silicon solar cells connected in series with redundant
interconnects.
Solar Cell:
A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the
energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. By wiring solar cells in series,
the voltage can be increased; or in parallel, the current. Solar cells are wired together to form a
solar panel.
Open circuit voltage (Voc)
The voltage between the terminals when no current is drawn (i.e Voltage across an
unloaded (open) PV module, PV string, PV array, or on the d.c. side of the PV inverter )
Short circuit current (Isc)
The short-circuit current is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the
solar cell is zero (i.e., when the solar cell is short circuited).
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Blocking Diodes:
These diodes are connected in series with string of PV modules and its functions are
as follows:
a) Prevent circulating current between PV module strings.
b) Prevent reverse flow of current from battery through PV array during night and/ or
periods of low insolation.
Bypass Diodes:
These diodes are connected in reverse direction (anode to negative of PV module and
cathode to positive of PV module) across each PV module of the string. They have the same
current rating as that of blocking diodes and their operation is as follows:
a) Under normal operating conditions, the bypass diodes are reverse biased and play no
part
b) When any module in a series string is shadowed, the current through the module is
reduced. Under these circumstances, the PV module gets reverse biased leading to
power dissipation across the module and reduction in output power of which is
undesirable. Presence of bypass diode provides an alternate path to flow of current in
the string (as the diode becomes forward biased when PV module gets reverse
biased) and also limits dissipation by limiting the voltage across PV module to
typically 0.7V.
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Fill Factor (FF)
The Fill Factor(FF) is defined as the ratio of the maximum power(Pmax) from
the solar cell to the product of Voc and Isc.
Fill Factor (FF) = P max /Voc Isc
(Or)
FF = Vmax * Imax
Voc * Isc
Pmax - Maximum power(power rating or Vmax Imax)
Vmax - Maximum Voltage
Imax - Maximum current
Voc - Open circuit voltage
Isc - Short circuit current.
Typical commercial solar cells have a fill factor > 0.70.
Grade B cells have a fill factor usually between 0.4 to 0.7
PV STRING AND PV ARRAY
PV String
One or more PV modules connected in series.
PV array:
A photovoltaic array (or solar array) is a linked collection of solar panels. i.e. one or more PV
strings, and other necessary components, connected to a form the PV installation.
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4.2. POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (PCU)
PCU is the heart of the Solar PV system. The function of the PCU is to convert
the direct current (DC) generated by the PV arrays to Alternating Current (AC).
MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)
a component of the DC input side of an inverter designed to maximize the input from the
array by tracking voltage and current.
PV array charge controller
This provides the regulator/dump interface between the PV array and the battery so as
to prevent overcharging of the battery. The unit may also provide other functions such as
maximum power point tracking, voltage transformation, load control and metering.
4.3. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX
Array Junction Box is meant for combining all the incoming lines from the solar panel
strings/arrays and deriving one common array output for the multiple array inputs.
Main Functional Features of The Array Junction Box:
Array Junction Box has mainly 2 duties to be performed,
1) To Block the reverse flow of current from the battery to solar panels during nights or low
radiation levels.
2) To obstruct the sudden surges due to lightening strokes during cloudy and rainy
conditions and ground the surges immediately.
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Miniature circuit breaker
A miniature circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is
1. To detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue
electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit
breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
FUSE
Fuse is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide over
current protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or
strip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the circuit in which it is
connected. Short circuit, overloading, mismatched loads or device failure are the prime reasons
for excessive current.
PV string cable
Cable connecting PV modules to form a PV string.
PV DC main cable
Cable connecting the PV array junction box to the d.c. input of the inverter.
Terminal Connectors
Connector is a device for joining electrical circuits together. Mostly in PV systems, MC4
connectors are used. MC4 connectors are single contact connectors commonly used for
connecting photovoltaic panels.
AC CABLE
Cable connecting the a.c. terminals of the PV inverter to a distribution circuit of the
electrical installation.
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SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT
EQUIPMENT
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5. SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT
Table 5-1: Bill of materials
SI.
NO
DESCRIPTION RATING QUANTI
TY
REMARKS
1 Solar PV Modules 250 Wp 80
2 Inverter 20KVA 1
3 Array Junction Box a. AJB Box -IP 65 b. Terminal
Blocks
c. Short links d. Din Rail-35 e. Rail Blocks f. Terminal end
block
1000VDC
32A
32 A
As per
Require
4 DC Cables 4 sq.mm 6 sq.mm
As per Require
5 PV Mounting Structure
15 kW 1Set
6 DC Protection Switches Fuse – 32A MCB- 32A
As reqired
7 AC Protection Switches Fuse-15 A
MCB – 15A
As
reqired
8 AC Cables 4 sq.mm
As reqired
9 Lug
Connectors
25 Sq.mm
MC4
As
reqired
10 Cable glands Size 40
Size 25
As
reqired
11 AC- Junction Box
IP 65 1
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Table 5-2: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC
1. Above parameters are at the Standard test condition(STC) of irradiance-
1000W/m2 , AM-1.5 and cell temperature- 25°C
2. The electrical measurements are within +/- 3% of the indicated values of Voc,
Isc and Pmax under Standard Test Condition(STC)
3. Maximum Fuse Rating-15 A
4. Temperature coefficients of PV modules:
Temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage(Voc) : (-)0.2884%/K
Temperature coefficient of short circuit current (Isc) : (+) 0.0352%/K
Temperature coefficient of power Pmax : (-) 0.4080%/K
Nominal operating cell temperature(NOCT) : 43.2°C
Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic poly
crystalline module at Standard Test Conditons (STC)
Type of Module Poly-crystalline
Manufacturers of module
Vikram Solar Pvt Ltd.
Output power –Pmax (Watts) 250Wp
Dimension of solar cell
156 X 156 mm
Certification As per MNRE
No. Of Solar cells 60
Maximum Voltage(Vmax) 30.6
Maximum Current(Imax) 8.2
Open-circuit voltage (Voc) 37.8
Short circuit current Isc 8.80
Maximum system voltage (Volts) DC 1000 V
Fill factor 0.754
Dimensions 1955 x 982 x 42 mm
Wind speed 200 Km/hr
Weight 19 Kg
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Table 5-3: Specifications of module mounting structure
Table 5-4: Specifications of Array Junction Box(AJB)
Table 5-5: DC Cables specification
DC Cable Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Standard IS 694 Type of Material Copper No.of cores single core
PV string to array junction box 4mm2 PVC insulated DC cables
Array junction box to inverter
6mm2 PVC insulated DC cables
Structure Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Material MS Galvanized
Overall dimension
later
Coating Hot dip (galvanized)
Wind rating 150 km/hr (Horizontal)
Tilt angle Suitable to site
Foundation PCC
Fixing type SS 304 fasteners
Array Junction Box Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
AJB Design voltage
1000 V
Open circuit voltage
later
No of Strings
later
Input fuse protection Both Positive and Negative
Output current Imax
29.2 A
Input/ Output Terminal block
32 A
Input and output cable
type
Single core
Input cable size 4 sq.mm
Output cable size 6 sq. mm
Enclosure IP 64
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Table 5-6: Inverters specification
Inverter Technical Specifications
Parameters Specifications Type of Inverter Grid-Tie Inverter
Power rating
20 KVA
Manufacturer REFUSOL
Standard As per MNRE
Output Voltage
430 ± 1%V AC
MAX. AC current output
26 Amp AC
Output frequency 50Hz ± 0.5Hz
Max. PV module
OC Voltage
1000 V
Max. PV Current
38.5 A
Operating mode
operation
Grid-Tie
IP rating of enclosure
IP65
PV OC Voltage for
MPPT
445-850V
Maximum load to connected
22.3 KW
Table 5-7: Cables specification
AC Cable Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Standard IS 694
No.of cores 3 core
Conductor Material
copper
Conductor size 4sq. mm
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OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
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6. Maintenance Instructions
(I) PV modules
• The surface of the module should be cleaned every 10 days; the existence of dust on the
module reduces significantly its performance; always use water (neutral) with a clean
cloth or sponge; DO NOT use an abrasive solution.
• Clean only during early morning or late afternoon, when the levels of solar radiation
are low and the temperature of the modules is lower.
• Do not use pressurized water or steam cleaning materials; they may damage the surface
of the modules.
• Check the condition and integrity of electrical connections and mechanical
components each semester.
(II) Inverter
• Inverter is designed to work in a specific load conditions. Therefore, any additional load
should not be included.
• In case of any continuous trip of MCB’s and malfunctioning of PCU, you should contact
our service engineer.
• If any overload alarm arises, the excess load should be reduced immediately.
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ANNEXURE
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7.1. Typical Wiring Diagram For Grid-Connected Solar PV System Without Diesel
Generator:
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7.1. Typical Wiring Diagram For Grid-Connected Solar PV System With Diesel
Generator: