detailed project report for msw management for...

District Urban Development Cell, Udupi.

Detailed Project Report

for MSW Management for Saligrama

Town Panchayath

October 2017

MaRS Planning & Engineering Services Private Limited

601, Surmount, Opp. Iscon Mega Mall, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad – 380015, Gujarat, India.

FINAL REPORT

Project Cost for Solid Waste Management of Saligrama

Sl.

No Particulars

Total Capital Cost

(in Lakhs)

1 Vehicles & Machineries 84.24

2 Civil Works 343.72

TOTAL 427.96

Cost/Ton @ 7.25 TPD 59.06

Chief Officer Project Director

Saligrama TP DUDC, Udupi District

Executive Engineer (SWM)

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Bengaluru

Director


Bengaluru

Project Summary for Solid Waste Management of Saligrama

1. Town Profile

Sl. No Particulars Details

1 Name of the Town TP, Saligrama

2 No. of Wards 14

3 Population (2011) 15123

4 Present Population ( Projected )

2017: 15765

2022: 16231

2031: 16848

5 Area 14.69 Sq.KM

No. of households (2011) 3222

6 Total no. of commercial establishments

No of Shops: 446

Hotels: 18

Markets: 1

Meat stalls: 5

7

Road length in Kms

-A Type (<10%) 3.4 Kms

-B Type 6.8 Kms

- C Type 36.56 Kms

-D Type 20.05 Kms

Total Road Length 66.81Kms

9 Total Qty. of waste generated 5.41 TPD

a. Total quantity of household & commercial

waste 3.24 TPD

b. Total qty. of chicken & mutton waste 0.18 TPD

c. Total bulk generator waste 0.99 TPD

d. Total qty. of street sweeping waste /silt 0.7 TPD

e. Total qty. of C&D waste 0.3 TPD

f. Total quantity of wet waste 4.06 TPD

g. Total quantity of dry waste 0.65 TPD

2. Capital Cost and Operation & Maintenance cost of Proposed MSWM

Summary of Capital Cost (in Lakhs)

Sl.

No. SWM & Cleaning Activity

Vehicles &

Machineries Civil Works

Total

Capital

Cost in

Lakhs

1 Door-to-door collection

- households 10.54

10.54

- Commercial Establishments and

bulk waste generators 5.31

5.31

2 Street Sweeping and other cleaning

activities 0.48

0.48

3 Secondary Collection and

Transportation -

4 DWCC, ZWMC, Transfer Stations etc 14.41 14.41

5 Processing & Disposal 64.41 319.30 383.71

6 GPRS and Monitoring 1.05 1.05

7 Contingency@3% 2.45 10.01 12.46

Total Cost 84.24 343.72 427.96

Cost/Ton (5.41TPD) Rs. 59.06

Summary of O&M cost (in Lakhs)

Sl.

No.

SWM & Cleaning

Activity

Labour Cost

(including PF,

ESI,

consumables,

service charges

etc)

Vehicle

Running &

Maintenance

Cost (Fuel,

electricity,

repair etc)

Others (Pl.

mention if any)

Total

O&M

Cost in

Lakhs

1 Door-to-door

collection

- households 15.21 5.43

20.64

- Commercial

Establishments and

bulk waste

generators

3.80 1.14

4.94

2

Street Sweeping and

other cleaning

activities

9.99 2.35

12.34

3 Secondary Collection

and Transportation

Sl.

No.

SWM & Cleaning

Activity

Labour Cost

(including PF,

ESI,

consumables,

service charges

etc)

Vehicle

Running &

Maintenance

Cost (Fuel,

electricity,

repair etc)

Others (Pl.

mention if any)

Total

O&M

Cost in

Lakhs

4 DWCC, ZWMC,

Transfer Stations etc 2.05

2.05

5 Processing & Disposal 8.94 5.57 2.10 16.61

Total Cost 39.98 14.50 2.10 56.58

Permanent Salary

21.67

Total 78.25

Cost/ton (5.41 TPD) Rs.2959

Capital cost and O&M for integrated solid waste management

Sl. No Particulars Capital Cost

(Rs. in lakhs) O & M Cost

(Rs. in lakhs)



- Commercial Establishments and bulk

waste generators 5.31

4.94

12.34

2

Street Sweeping and other cleaning

activities 0.48

3 Secondary Collection and Transportation


5 Processing & Disposal 383.71 16.61

6 GPRS and Monitoring 1.05 -

7 Contingency@3% 12.46 -

Total 427.96 56.58

Permanent salary 21.67

Grand Total 78.25

Cost/Ton (5.41 TPD) Rs.59.06 lakhs Rs.2959

3. Financial Model of the project

Funding Pattern for Capex:

S. No. Source of funding % share Amount in Lakhs

1 GOI share 35.00% 149.79

2 GOK share 23.33% 99.86

3 Contribution by the CMC 41.67% 178.32

Total 100% 427.96

Funding pattern for Opex (O&M):

Sl.No Revenue for O&M 2017-18

Amount In lakhs

A O&M Expenses 78.25

B Revenue by sales 5.41

C Revenue by User charge / Cess 18.40

D Salaries from untied SFC 21.67

E Salaries from SFC grant for permanent staff 15.34

F Total revenue proposed 60.82

G Deficit / Surplus (A-F) 17.43

H % of cost recovered from Sales and SWM fee 30.42%

Proposed O&M and revenue for the period of five years

SL.No Revenue for O&M 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Description Amount in Rs. lakhs/ annum

A O&M Expenses 78.25 82.16 86.27 90.58 95.11

B Revenue by sales 5.41 6.22 7.15 8.23 9.46

C Revenue by User charge /

Cess 18.40 22.16 26.64 32.04 38.54

D Salaries from untied SFC 21.67 22.75 23.89 25.09 26.34

E Salaries from SFC grant for

permanent staff 15.34 16.11 16.91 17.76 18.65

F Total revenue proposed 60.82 67.24 74.60 83.11 92.99

G Deficit / Surplus (A-F) 17.43 14.92 11.67 7.47 2.12

H % of cost recovered from

Sales and SWM fee 30.42% 34.28% 38.89% 44.14% 50.13%

Environmental Engineer Nodal Engineer Chief Officer

Saligrama TP Udupi District Saligrama TP

Project Director

DUDC, Udupi District

PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Synopsis of DPR on SWM for Saligrama under Swachh Bharat Mission

1. About town

Saligrama is a town on NH 66 in Udupi district in the Indian state of Karnataka

located between Kundapura and Udupi. It is 21 kms north of Udupi and 81 kms from

Mangalore. The Arabian sea is about 2 kms to the west of the town.

Saligrama is located approximately mid-way between Udupi and Kundapur on

National Highway 17. Excellent bus service is available from Udupi and Kundapur.

Name of the Town Saligrama

Population as per Census 2011 15,123

Present population projected

(2017) 15,765

Area 14.69 Sq.km

Number of wards 14

Length of Road 66.81 kms

No of houses and slums (2011) 3222

Commercial Establishments (2011) 298

No. of Bulk waste generators

Hotels: 18

Marriage halls: 3

Markets: 1

Meat stalls: 5

Petty shops: 36

2. Existing SWM in Saligrama

2.1 Waste generation and collection estimate

The total waste generation as per generator based assessment (sum of waste

collected from Households, Commercial establishments, Markets and street

sweeping) 5.41 tons per day. The normative estimate is 5.41 tons per day (Total

Population * Per Capita waste). The waste generation of 5.41 tons per day is

adopted as a realistic waste generation. An average of about 2 tons per day of

waste is collected. The collection efficiency is about 37%.

ii


2.2 Waste generation by generator type

There are various sources of wastes from which waste is generated in Saligrama

town. About 6 major waste generators were identified for estimating the quantity of

waste generated in the town. The amount of waste generated is estimated as

follows.

Sl.

no Waste Generators

No of

Generators

Avg.

waste /

day in Kg

Total

waste

(Kgs)

Total

( Tonnes)

1 Residential & Commercial

waste 15,775 0.205 3240 3.24

2 Market waste 1 500 500 0.50

3 Hotel waste 18 27.2 490 0.49

4 Meat stall waste 5 36 180 0.18

5 Street sweeping waste 12 kms/day 58.3 700 0.70

6 C & D waste 0.3

Total

5.41

2.3 Physical and Chemical properties of waste collected

Sl. no Components Unit Results

1 Physical characteristics

(i) Biodegradable

Paper/cardboard % 21.00

Organic Waste % 35.46

Wood % 4.08

(ii) Non-Biodegradable

Rubber & Leather % 4.15

Plastics % 27.30

Rags/Textiles % 2.10

Metals % 0.62

(iii) Inerts

Glass & Crockery % 2.14

Stone & Grits % 3.15

2 Chemical Characteristics

Bulk density gm/cc 0.26

pH 7.45

iii


3 Proximate Analysis

Moisture % 40.12

Volatile % 31.10

Fixed carbon % 7.56

Ash content % 21.12

4 Ultimate Analysis(on Dry basis)

Carbon as C % 39.28

Hydrogen as H % 6.11

Oxygen as O % 21.59

Nitrogen as N % 0.26

Sulphur as S % 0.19

Phosphorus as P % 0.06

Potassium as K % 0.27

C/N ratio % 151.96:1

5 Heavy Metals

Arsenic as (As), Lead as (Pb), Cadmium

as (Cd), Mercury as (Hg), mg/kg Not detected

Zinc as (Zn) mg/kg 0.042

Copper as (Cu) mg/kg 0.017

Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 0.010

Iron as (Fe) mg/kg 2.78

6 Gross calorific value Kcal/Kg 1160.00

2.3 Present system of waste management

Estimated waste generation is about 5.41 TPD and about 2 TPD of waste collected is

with efficiency of 37%.

2.3.1 Collection & Transportation

Door to door collection of waste is being implemented in 9 wards by Saligrama Town

Panchyath (STP) and the collection efficiency is only about 60-70%. The waste from

households is collected in tractors and auto-tippers and stored at an identified

location i.e. Hale kota maidian since at present there is no disposal facility in

Saligrama. The waste is then transported once a week to the Alevoor landfill site at

Udupi located at a distance of 21 kms from Saligrama In areas not covered under

door to door collection, the residents dump their waste at various open spaces

within the town and the waste from these open spaces is collected and transported

to the dumpsite as and when necessary.

iv


The vehicles& equipment used for collection& transportation are pushcarts (1), auto-

tipper (2), mini-trucks (1) and tractors (1). About 20 workers have been deployed for

sweeping, collection & drain cleaning.

2.3.2 Processing and Disposal

The ULB has identified the Ulathur site spread over 2.71 acres of land and located

about 8 kms away from Saligrama for establishing the MSW Processing and disposal

facility. However, the site is currently under litigation and to be resolved by the court

at Kundapura. At present fencing of the site is ordered by court and it is under

construction.

2.3.3 Bio- medical waste

The bio-medical waste is collected by private contractor and transported to

“common bio medical waste treatment facility” for processing and disposal. The ULB

is not involved in collection, transportation or disposal of bio-medical waste.

2.3.4 Cost of waste management

With an objective of making the MSW management activities self-sustainable and to

enable recovery of expenditure incurred to the extent possible, a resolution for

collection of user charges from various generators had been issued by the ULB. The

resolution is under implementation and the collection of user charges from various

generators has commenced. The ULB is collecting about Rs. 8.4 lakhs/year

v


2.3.5 Total expenditure incurred on SWM and total revenue generated at present

i. Expenditure details

Sl. no Activities Expenditure /

year (Lakhs)

1 Door to door collection ( Salaries + maintenance charges) 8.42

2 Dry waste collection centre ( if exists)

3 Street sweeping & other cleaning activities ( salaries, fuel

expenses, contract amount if any, vehicle maintenance) 18.28

4

Secondary collection & transportation including transfer

stations (Dumper placer, compactor, tractor placer

salaries, fuel cost etc.)

5 Processing cost at the landfill site

6 Disposal/landfilling

7 Leachate collection & treatment

8 Bio-mining/ capping

9 Others 1.20

Total 27.90

ii. Revenue details

Sl.

no. Particulars

Amount

(lakhs)

1 % of Property tax reserved towards SWM and cleaning

activities

2 SWM Cess collected annually in 2016-17 8.4

3 Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc. in 2016-17

4

Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement tax, birth

/ death certificate fee etc. towards SWM and cleaning

activities

1

5 Fines and fees available for SWM cleaning activities in 2016-

17

6 Revenue from SFC salary 21.67

7 SFC for outsource wages -

Total 30.07

vi


3. Proposed Plan for Management of MSW

3.1 Collection & Transportation

• It is proposed to ban the littering of waste on the streets by introducing

segregation of waste at the source and storage of segregated waste i.e. wet

and dry in two different bins at the house hold level and at other generator

areas.

• The system of door to door collection through containerized Mini-tippers shall

be implemented in the city. The Mini-tippers shall cover 100% of the

households.

• The wet and dry waste will be collected separately on a daily basis. The wet

waste shall be transported to processing facility directly and the dry waste

shall be transported to the dry waste collection centres.

• The Mini-tippers shall empty the dry waste at the dry waste collection centre

and transport only the wet waste to the processing facility.

• The Mini Tipper vehicle deployed for collection of waste from markets and

bulk generators shall also collect and transport the waste from meat stalls.

Proposed Micro-planning of door-to-door collection vehicles

Auto-

tipper no.

No. of

trips /

day

Ward no

No. of households

/ Commercial

establishments

covered

Compactor /

Truck /tractor

trailer to which

Auto-tipper will

transfer the

waste

A/T no.1 2 1, 2,3 950

Mini Tipper

truck @ Transfer

station

A/T no. 2 2 5,6,8,9 1237

Mini Tipper

truck @ Transfer

station

A/T no.3 2 4,7,10 1341

Mini Tipper

truck @ Transfer

station

A/T no.4 2 11,12,13,14 1052

Mini Tipper

truck @ Transfer

station

vii


Total 4580

The details of the vehicles and equipment recommended for Saligrama are as below

Sl.N

o Vehicles

No

s

Availa

ble

To be

procur

ed

A Collection & Transportation

1 1.8 m3 Mini-Tippers (D2DC) 4 2 2

2 240 ltr wheeled bins (Markets) 1 0 1

3 Mini Tipper-1.8m3 (Bulk & Markets) 1 0 1

B City Sanitation

1 120 ltrs wheeled bins (Street sweeping) 12 0 12

2 Mini-Tippers truck (3m3) 1 1 0

C Processing site

1 Pushcarts 1 1 0

2 Back hoe loader 49.5 HP 1 0 1

3 Bailing Machine 1 0 1

4 Weighbridge (30 Ton) 1 0 1

5

Compost Plant & Machinery (7-4mm TPD) hopper and

Conveyor system) 1 0 1

D GPRS & Monitoring

1 GPRS 7 0 7

Manpower Required

Sl.No MANPOWER Nos

I Collection & Transportation 11

1 Auto-Tipper Drivers @ 1 driver/tipper 4

2 Auto-Tippers Helpers @ 1 helper/tipper 4

3 Auto-Tipper Drivers @ 1 driver/tipper (Market & Bulk) 1

4 Auto-Tippers Helpers @ 1 helper/tipper (market & Bulk) 1

5 DWCC helper 1

viii


II City Sanitation 17

1 Sweepers - A type roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 3

2 Sweepers - Btype roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 2

3 Sweepers - C type roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 6

4 Sweepers - Dtype roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 1

5 Mini-Tipper Driver @ 1 driver/vehicle 1

6 Mini-Tipper Helpers @ 3helper/vehicle 3

7 Supervisor 1

III Processing site 5

1 Worker 1

2 Cleaner 1

3 Driver Bcakhoe loaders 1

4 Plant Opertaor 1

5 Security 1

Total 33

3.2 Processing and Disposal

3.2.1 Technology Selection

Based on the above analysis it is recommended to have aerobic windrow

composting based waste management facility. This would be supported by the

recycling of plastics and other inorganics. This technology proposed is simple and

easy to implement with potential to meet the overall objectives of waste

management elucidated above. This is cost effective.

3.2.2 Design requirement for Processing and disposal plan

Saligrama generates about 5.41 TPD (2017) of waste and the projected waste 7.25

TPD for the design period 2022 (five years period). Out of total waste, the dry waste is

directly transported to the dry waste collection centres and street sweeping waste is

disposed off in sanitary landfills.

ix


The processing facilities has a design capacity to cater to the waste generated next

five years i.e. 6 TPD windrow composting plant. A landfill facility has been proposed

to handle 25% of rejects for the subsequent five years.

Technology Options for Processing MSW

Sl.

No Particulars Unit Quantity

1 Design Year (Five years period) Year 2017 2022

Projected waste TPD 5.41 7.25

Wet waste TPD 4.06 5.43

Dry waste TPD 0.65 0.92

Street sweeping waste TPD 0.7 0.89

2 Plant Design Capacity TPD

Windrow Composting Plant TPD 6

Sanitary landfill @ 20% (5 years) TPD 6

3.2.3 Construction and Demolition Waste

It is the responsibility of any generator of construction and demolition debris to

employ reasonable and practical means, including source reduction, reuse or

recycling, in order to prevent construction and demolition debris from being

disposed finally in low lying areas. The construction debris should be disposed off in

low lying areas. The TP shall identify the dedicated low lying area/ location for

dumping of construction debris. The existing tipper vehicle in the TP shall use for

transportation of C & D waste and charge for the each trip of collection.

3.2.4 Capital cost for proposed MSWM

Capital Cost for City sanitation

Sl.

No Particulars

No’

s

Avail

able

To be

procure

Unit price in

Rs

Total price

in Rs in

lakhs

1

120 ltrs wheeled

bins (Street

sweeping)

12 0 12 4000 0.48

2

Mini-Tippers truck

(3m3) 1 1 0 1143412 0.00

x


Sl.

No Particulars

No’

s

Avail

able

To be

procure

Unit price in

Rs

Total price

in Rs in

lakhs

3 Contingency@3% 0.014

Total 0.49

Capital Cost for Collection & Transportation Operations

Sl.No Vehicles No’s Avail

able

To be

procure

Unit price

(Rs.)

Total price

(Rs. In

lakhs)

1

1.8 m3 Mini-

Tippers (D2DC) 4 2 2 527,000 10.54

2

240 ltr wheeled

bins (Markets) 1 0 1 4100 0.04

3

Mini Tipper-1.8m3

(Bulk & Markets) 1 0 1 527,000 5.27

5 Contingency@3

% 0.48

Total

16.33

Capital Cost for GPRS and Monitoring System

Sl.No Vehicles No’s Avail

able

To be

procure

Unit price

(Rs.)

Total price

(Rs. In

lakhs)

1 GPRS 7 0 1 14954 1.05

5 Contingency@3

% 0.03

Total

1.08

Capital Cost for Processing Plant & Machinery

Sl.

No Particulars No’s Available

To be

procure

Unit Rate

(Rs.)

Total

(Rs. in

lakhs)

1 Pushcarts 1 1 0 13,700 0

2

Back hoe loader 49.5

HP 1 0 1 1,835,450 18.35

3 Bailing Machine 1 0 1 440000 4.40

xi


Sl.

No Particulars No’s Available

To be

procure

Unit Rate

(Rs.)

Total

(Rs. in

lakhs)

4 Weighbridge (30 Ton) 1 0 1 561122.5 5.61

5

Compost Plant &

Machinery (7-4mm

TPD) hopper and

Conveyor system)

1 0 1 3604000 36.04


Total 66.34

Capital Cost for Civil Works proposed in the processing facility

Sl. No

Description of Item Quantities Total

(Rs. in lakhs)

1 Security Office 2.5 m x 2.5 m 1.69

2 Workers Rest Room 3.6 m x 3 m 3.5

3 Toilet block 6.2 m x 3.5 m 5.41

4 Under ground water sump 5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m 3.1

5 Compost Plant with roofing 16.5 m x 50 m 83.87

6 Sanitary Landfill 39 m x 39 m 73.62

7 Internal roads 600 m 72.47

8 Storm water drains 600 m 51.72

9 Electrical (Internal & External) 1 lot 16.43

10 Gates 1 no 1.00

11 Plumbing and sanitary works 1 no 3.00

12 Monitoring Bore wells 1 lot 1.50

13 Weighbridge Platform 12 m x 3 m 1.99

14 DWCC 14.41

Contingnecy@3% 9.92

Total 343.63

xii


Summary of Capital Cost

Sl.

No. SWM & Cleaning Activity

Vehicles &

Machineries Civil Works

Total

Capital

Cost


- households 10.54

10.54


bulk waste generators 5.31

5.31


activities 0.48

0.48


Transportation -

4 DWCC, ZWMC, Transfer Stations etc

14.41 14.41


6 GPRS and Monitoring 1.05 1.05

7 Contingency@ 3% 2.45 10.01 12.46

Total Cost 84.24 343.72 427.96

Financial Structuring of the project

S.

No. Source of funding % share Amount in Lakhs

1 GOI share 35.00% 149.79

2 GOK share 23.33% 99.86


Total 100% 427.96

3.2.5 Operation and Management (O & M) Cost for proposed MSWM

O & M Cost for city sanitation

Sl.N

o Particulars Proposed

Existin

g

Requi

red

Unit

Price

(Rs.)

Cost

Price

(Rs.)

Cost/yr

(Rs.) in

Lakhs

1 Manpower

Sweepers 12 12 0 17,045 - -

Tipper 3m3 Helpers 3 0 3 17,045 51,134 6.14

Tipper 3m3 Drivers 1 0 4 14,638 14,638 1.76

Sanitary Supervisors 1 0 1 17,457 17,457 2.09

-

xiii


Sl.N

o Particulars Proposed

Existin

g

Requi

red

Unit

Price

(Rs.)

Cost

Price

(Rs.)

Cost/yr

(Rs.) in

Lakhs

2 Fuel Cost Km Ltrs Nos

-

a

Mini-Tipper truck-

3m3 40 8 1 60 14,600 1.75

3 Maintenance/yr 5% 4,964 0.60

OPEX/yr 12.34

O & M Cost for Collection & Transportation Operations

Sl.

No Particulars

Propos

ed

Exist

ing

Requ

ired

Unit

Price

(Rs.)

Cost

Price (Rs.)

Cost/

yr

(Rs.) in

Lakhs

1 Manpower

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 drivers

(D2DC) 4 0 4

14,638.

25 58,553 7.03

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 Helpers

(D2DC) 4 0 4

17,044.

50 68,178 8.18

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 driver (Bulk

and Market) 1 0 1

14,638.

25 14,638 1.76

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 helper

(Bulk and Market) 1 0 1

17,044.

50 17,045 2.05

DWCC helpers@ 1/unit 1 0 1

17,044.

50 17,045 2.05


a

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 drivers

(D2DC) 45 5 4 60 36,500 4.38

b Mini Tipper 1.8m3 driver (Bulk

and Market) 42 4 1 60 7,300 0.88

3 Maintenance/yr 5%

10,996.2

5 1.32

OPEX/yr 27.63

xiv


O & M Cost for Processing & Disposal Facility

Sl.

N

o

Particulars Units Total

Rates/

Unit

(Rs)

Amount

(Rs)/

month

Amount

(Rs)/

year

Amoun

t (Rs)/

year in

Lakhs

A Staff Salary/ Wages

1 Plant Operator 1 1 15,257 15,257 183,084 1.83

2 Workers – Tipping Floor 1 1 17,045 17,045 204,534 2.05

3 Drivers @ back hoe

loader 1 1 15,257 15,257 183,084 1.83

4 security 1 1 13,470 13,470 161,634 1.62

5 Cleaner 1 1 13,470 13,470 161,634 1.62

Total

8.94

B Power charges

1 Equipments and Bore

well, Lighting units

5,000 60,000 1.20

C

Consumables /

Personnel Protective

Equipments

1 Microbial Culture @

1ltrs/2 days

Bottle/

month 8 2,500 5,000 60,000 0.60

D Administrative

Charges 1

Lump

sum 2,500 2,500 30,000 0.30

E Fuel cost Nos. Ltrs

1 Back hoe loaders 1 3hrs*4 60.00 21,900 262,800 2.63

Total cost/ annum for

Processing & Disposal

of MSW (Rs. In Lacs)

108,898 1,306,77

0 13.67

F Maintenance

5% 24,555 294,658 2.95

Grand Total

133,452

1,601,42

8 16.61

xv


Financing of O&M expenses


Amount in Lakhs









Recovery of O&M

SL.N Revenue for O&M 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Description Amount in Rs. lakhs/ annum A O&M Expenses 78.25 82.16 86.27 90.58 95.11


C Revenue by User charge

/ Cess 18.40 22.16 26.64 32.04 38.54


E Salaries from SFC grant

for permanent staff 15.34 16.11 16.91 17.76 18.65



% of cost recovered from

Sales and SWM fee 30.42% 34.28% 38.89% 44.14% 50.13%

Chief Officer

Saligrama TP

xvi


Anexure-1

DPR appraisal format

Sl. No Particulars Details

1 Name of the City Saligrama TP

2 No. of Wards 23

3 Population (2011) 15123

4 Present Population (Projected) 2017 15765

5 Area 14.69 sq. kms

6 No. of households (2011) 3222

7 No. of commercial establishments 298

8 No. of households (2017) 4133

9 No. of commercial establishments 446

10 Road length (A, B & C) in (Kms) 66.81 kms

11 Total Qty. of waste generated 5.41 TPD

a. Total quantity of wet waste 4.06 TPD

b. Total quantity of dry waste / recyclable waste 0.65 TPD

c. Total qty. of C&D waste < 500 kgs

d. Total qty. of street sweeping waste /silt 0.7 TPD

Financial aspects

Sl. No.

Particulars Capital Cost (lakhs)

O & M Cost Vehicles &

Machineries Civil

Components




bulk waste generators 5.31 4.94


activities 0.48 12.34


Transportation -

xvii





7 Contingency@3% 2.45 10.01 -

Total Cost 84.24 343.72 56.58

Permanent PKs/workers salary 21.67

Grand total 427.96 78.25

Cost /7.25 ton Rs.59.06 Lakhs Rs.2959

Financial Structuring of the project

SL.

No. Source of funding % share

Amount in

Lakhs

1 GOI share 35.00% 149.79

2 GOK share 23.33% 99.86


Total 100% 427.96

Design period- 5 years Revenue (proposed)

Financing of O&M expenses


Amount in Lakhs









xviii


Recovery of O&M

Revenue for O&M 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

S.N Description Amount in Rs. lakhs/ annum

A O&M Expenses 78.25 82.16 86.27 90.58 95.11


C Revenue by User

charge / Cess 18.40 22.16 26.64 32.04 38.54

D Salaries from untied

SFC 21.67 22.75 23.89 25.09 26.34

E Salaries from SFC grant

for permanent staff 15.34 16.11 16.91 17.76 18.65

F Total revenue

proposed 60.82 67.24 74.60 83.11 92.99


% of cost recovered

from Sales and SWM

fee

30.42% 34.28% 38.89% 44.14% 50.13%

Chief Officer

Saligrama TP

xix


Annexure-2

Ministry of Urban Development (CPHEEO)

Appraisal Format for Consideration of Projects for Solid Waste Management

1 Proposal Integrated SWM facility at Saligrama

2 Name of State/UT Karnataka

3 Name of City Saligrama TP

4 Objectives

T The objective of this project is to identify

the existing MSWM practices in Saligrama

in Udupi district, recognize

deficiencies/gaps in the present system

and propose a comprehensive plan for

MSWM including segregation, collection,

transportation and processing & scientific

disposal of waste in compliance with the

MSW Rules 2016.

5 Whether CDP is prepared No

6 Background

Saligrama is a town on NH 66 in Udupi

district in the Indian state of Karnataka

located between Kundapura and Udupi. It

is 21 km north of Udupi and 81 km

from Mangalore. The Arabian sea is about

2 kms to the west of the town. Total area is

14.69 sq km and population as per the

census 2011 is 15,123.

7 Present Status Collection efficiency < 50%

Processing – none

8

Service level benchmark (as per

annexure) before and after the

project

9 Need of Project

The collection efficiency is not up to 100%

due to lack of vehicles and manpower.

The municipality is mot processing the

waste at this point of time. The TP is looking

forward to strengthen collection,

transportation and processing of waste

through this project.

10 Population

- As per 2011 census 15123

- Base year 2017 15765

xx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udupi_district


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udupi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore


- Design year 2022 16231

- End year 2030 16848

11 Solid Waste Generation

- Base year 5.41 TPD

- Design year 7.25 TPD

- End year 9.25 TPD

12 Project Components

i. No. of packages & details Single package

ii. BOQs ready Yes/No Yes

iii. Analysis rate ready Yes

13 Land required under project& status

of land availability Available with TP

14 Estimated cost (Proposed in Lakh

Rupees) Rs. 427.96 lakhs

15 Timeline for Implementation 1 year

16 Funding pattern 35% from GOI, 23.33% from GOK and rest

to be invested by TP

17

Whether the project (or part of the

project) has been taken up for

funding earlier through any other

scheme? If yes, please provide detail

No

18 Implementing Agency Saligrama TP

19 Annual O&M expenditure (Rs. Lakh)

-Existing : 2015-16 Rs. 27.90 lakhs

- Proposed (year 2017-18) Rs. 78.25 lakhs

20 Agency Responsible for O&M Saligrama TP

21 Charges for solid waste management

-Existing : 2015-16 8.34 lakhs

- Proposed (2017-18) 19.73 lakhs (user charge)

22 Revenue generation (Rs. Lakh)

-Existing : SWM cess 2014-15

(2015-16 till October) 8.34 lakhs

- Proposed (year 2017-18) 24.20 lakhs

23 CPHEEO’s Technical comments :

xxi


24

SLTC Approval Detail

a. Approval date :

b. Approval letter No. :

c. SLTC approvals note available :

d. State and ULB Share & budget

25 List anticipated hindrances in project

implementation

26 Whether the project is recommended

for Sanction (Y/N)

27 If not, please mention reasons and

area for improving DPR

28 Estimated cost for consideration &

approval (INR crore)

Service Level Benchmark Indicators –Solid Waste Management

Sl.

no

Indicator Unit

Baseline

before

project

Reliability of

measurement

After

project

Reliability of

measurement

1

Household level

coverage of SWM

services

% 80 % High 85 % High

2

Efficiency of collection

of municipal solid

waste

% 70 % High 90 % High

3

Extent of segregation

of municipal solid

waste

% 15 % High 80 % High

4 Extent of municipal

solid waste recovered % 5 % High 80 % High

5 Extent of scientific

disposal of solid waste % 40 % High 100 % High

6

Efficiency in re-dressal

of customer

complaints

% 80 % Medium 90 % High

7 Cost recovery of SWM

services % 20 % High 50 % High

8 Efficiency of collection % 30 % High 80 % High

xxii


of Charges

Checklist

Sl.

no Particulars Yes/No

1 Council resolution attached or not? Yes

2

NOC / Authorization given by KSPCB for landfill site along with

permission from other statutory bodies such as airport authority (if

applicable), Mines & Geology, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

(for new landfill sites), NOC from Village Panchayath (if Applicable)

attached or not?

Yes

3 Financial model for capital cost (Central share /State Share /ULB share

etc.) shown or not? Yes

4 Filled MoUD Pro-forma attached or not? Yes

5 Normative Standards / Service Level Benchmark considered or not? Yes

6 Layout plan / designs & drawings attached or not? Yes

7 Waste characterization & quantification done or not? Yes

Chief Officer

Saligrama TP

xxiii

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

Detailed Project Report MSW Management for Saligrama Town Panchayath

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1

1. 1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1

1. 2 Problems being faced by Urban Local Bodies........................................................... 1

1. 3 Efforts of the Government ......................................................................................... 3

1. 4 Need for the Project ................................................................................................... 6

1. 5 Methodology adopted for the Study .......................................................................... 8

1. 6 Structure of Report .................................................................................................. 14

2. PROJECT AREA PROFILE ............................................................... 16

2. 1 District Profile - Udupi ............................................................................................ 16

2. 2 Town Profile - Saligrama ......................................................................................... 19

3. PRESENT SCENARIO OF SWM ....................................................... 23

3.1 Quantification of Waste ........................................................................................... 23

3.2 Characterization and Composition of MSW ............................................................ 25

3.3 Collection and Transportation ................................................................................. 28

3.4 MSW Processing & Disposal Site ............................................................................. 31

3.5 Linkages with other MSW Management Schemes .................................................. 33

3.6 Present SWM Institutional Framework ................................................................... 33

3.7 Legal Framework ..................................................................................................... 34

4. REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES ...................................................... 38

4. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 38

4. 2 Recycling of Waste ................................................................................................... 38

4. 3 Processing of Organic fraction of Waste .................................................................. 38

4.3.1 Aerobic / Anaerobic Composting Technology ..................................................... 39

4.3.2 Vermi-Composting Technology ........................................................................... 43

4.3.3 Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Processing Technology ............................................ 45

4.3.4 Bio-methanation .................................................................................................. 45

4.3.5 Incineration......................................................................................................... 46

4.3.6 Pyrolysis / Gasification ....................................................................................... 48

4. 4 Plastic Waste Management ...................................................................................... 49

4. 5 E-Waste Management ............................................................................................. 58

4. 6 Construction & Demolition (C & D) Waste Management ...................................... 60

4. 7 Sanitary Waste Management ................................................................................... 61

4. 8 Sanitary Landfill ...................................................................................................... 64

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5. DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SWM ..................................................... 75

5. 1 Population Growth & Waste Generation Projections .............................................. 75

5. 2 Strategy adopted for Action Plan ............................................................................. 75

5. 3 Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan ............................................................ 77

5. 4 Proposed MSW Processing and Disposal Plan ........................................................ 79

5. 5 Compatibility between existing and proposed system ........................................... 80

6. PROPOSED COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION PLAN ............... 81

6. 1 Road / Street Sweeping ........................................................................................... 81

6. 2 Drain Cleaning ......................................................................................................... 85

6. 3 System of waste storage at Source ...........................................................................86

6. 4 Collection and Transportation .................................................................................89

6. 5 Asset & Manpower Requirement ............................................................................. 91

PROPOSED PROCESSING &DISPOSAL PLAN ....................................... 95

7. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 95

7. 2 Compost Processing Plant ....................................................................................... 95

7. 2 E-Waste Management ............................................................................................. 99

7. 4 C & D Waste Management ..................................................................................... 100

7. 5 Bio-medical Waste Management ........................................................................... 101

7. 6 Sanitary Landfill Facility........................................................................................ 101

7. 7 Infrastructure & Manpower Requirement ............................................................ 103

8. PROJECT FINANCIALS .............................................................. 105

8. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 105

8. 2 Capital Investment ................................................................................................. 105

8. 3 Operational Expenditure ....................................................................................... 107

8. 4 Funding Pattern for Capital Investment ................................................................ 109

8. 5 Funding Pattern for Operational Expenditure ...................................................... 110

9. OPERATING FRAMEWORK ........................................................ 114

9.1 Options for Project Implementation ...................................................................... 114

9.2 Option 1: Service delivery by ULB .......................................................................... 114

9.3 Option 2: Service delivery through Private Operator(s) ......................................... 114

10. LEGAL ASPECTS ......................................................................... 117

10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 117

10.2 Proposed Legal Provisions ...................................................................................... 117

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11. HEALTH ASPECTS...................................................................... 121

11.1 Low Cost Sanitation Program to prevent Open Defecation ................................... 121

11.2 Covering of Buildings under Construction ............................................................. 121

11.3 Cattle Nuisance ...................................................................................................... 121

11.4 Health Monitoring for Sanitary Workers ............................................................... 121

11.5 Prevent Indiscriminate Use of Pesticides ............................................................. 122

12. ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................ 123

12.1 Role of the ULB ..................................................................................................... 123

12.2 Role of the Citizens ............................................................................................... 123

12.3 Role of the Private Operator ................................................................................. 123

13. INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION............. 124

13.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 124

13. 2 Approaches of IEC Plan ......................................................................................... 124

13.3 Awareness about Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Waste ............................................ 125

13.4 Awareness about segregation of waste at source ................................................... 126

13.5 Strategies for creating Awareness .......................................................................... 126

iii


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List of Exhibits

Exhibit 1 : Approach and Methodology ......................................................................... 8

Exhibit 2 : Location Map of Saligrama Town .............................................................. 20

Exhibit 3 : Population Growth of Saligrama Town ...................................................... 21

Exhibit 4 : Ward wise 2011 Census Details .................................................................. 21

Exhibit 5 : Zone wise 2011 Census Details ................................................................... 21

Exhibit 6 : Brief Profile of Saligrama Town ................................................................. 22

Exhibit 7 : Average Per-capita generation of MSW in Indian Cities .......................... 23

Exhibit 8 : Quantification of MSW in Saligrama Town (2015) .................................. 25

Exhibit 9 : Physical Characteristics of MSW in Indian Cities ..................................... 26

Exhibit 10 : Chemical Characteristics of MSW in Indian Cities ................................. 26

Exhibit 11 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Waste ......................................... 27

Exhibit 12 : Primary Collection Vehicles ..................................................................... 28

Exhibit 13 : Existing Scenario of SWM ....................................................................... 29

Exhibit 14 : Existing Waste Collection Route .............................................................. 30

Exhibit 15 : Road Length ............................................................................................. 31

Exhibit 16 : Assets available with the ULB.................................................................. 31

Exhibit 17 : Manpower available with the ULB........................................................... 31

Exhibit 18 : Proposed MSW Disposal Site .................................................................. 32

Exhibit 19 : Proposed Landfill Site Location at Ulathur Village ................................. 32

Exhibit 20 : Proposed processing site at Ulathur Village ............................................ 33

Exhibit 21 : Organization Chart................................................................................... 34

Exhibit 22 : Evaluation of Location as per CPHEEO Manual .................................... 36

Exhibit 23 : SWM Service Level Benchmarks at a Glance ........................................... 37

Exhibit 24 : Specifications for Compost Quality .......................................................... 42

Exhibit 25 : Categorization of Plastics ......................................................................... 50

Exhibit 26 : Processing Technology for E-Waste ........................................................ 59

Exhibit 27 : Population & Waste Projections ............................................................... 75

Exhibit 28 : Proposed Saligrama Command Areas .................................................... 76

Exhibit 29 : Command Areas for Saligrama Town ...................................................... 76

Exhibit 30 : Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan ............................................ 78

Exhibit 31 : Proposed Processing & Disposal Plan ..................................................... 80

Exhibit 32 : Assumptions for Assets and manpower Requirement ........................... 91

iv


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Exhibit 33: Assets Requirement .................................................................................. 93

Exhibit 34: Manpower Requirement .......................................................................... 93

Exhibit 35 : Technology Options for Processing MSW ............................................... 95

Exhibit 36 : Area requirement for Compost Processing Plant .................................. 97

Exhibit 37 : Technical Specifications for Screening Machinery ................................. 98

Exhibit 38 : Mass Balance for Compost Processing Plant ........................................... 99

Exhibit 39 : Assumptions for area requirement for Sanitary Landfill .................... 101

Exhibit 40 : Area requirement for Sanitary Landfill ............................................... 102

Exhibit 41 : Infrastructure requirement for Processing & Disposal Facility ........... 103

Exhibit 42 : Manpower requirement for Processing & Disposal Facility ................ 104

Exhibit 43 : Capital Investment for City sanitation .................................................. 105

Exhibit 44 : Capital Investment for Collection and transportation ......................... 105

Exhibit 45 Capital Cost for GPRS and Monitoring System .................................. 106

Exhibit 46 : Capital Investment for Plant &Machinery ............................................ 106

Exhibit 47 : Capital Investment for Civil Works ........................................................ 106

Exhibit 48 : Operational Expenditure for City sanitation ........................................ 107

Exhibit 49 : Operational Expenditure for Collection & Transportation Operations 107

Exhibit 50 : Operational Expenditure for Processing & Disposal Facility ............... 108

Exhibit 51 : Summary of Project Financials .............................................................. 109

Exhibit 52 : Funding Pattern for Capital Investment ............................................... 109

Exhibit 53 : Proposed User Charges for various Generators ..................................... 110

Exhibit 54 : Revenue from sale of Compost & Recyclables ....................................... 111

Exhibit 55 : Manpower Requirement.......................................................................... 112

Exhibit 56 : Funding Pattern for Operational Expenditure ....................................... 112

Exhibit 57 : Proposed Revenue Model ....................................................................... 112

Exhibit 58 : Comparative Analysis of risks ................................................................ 116

Exhibit 59 : IEC Modules used at Town Level ........................................................... 130

v

Detaile d Pro je ct Re po rt MSW Man age m e n t fo r Saligram a To w n Pan chayath

Lis t o f An n e xure s

Annexure 1 : Estimates for Civil Works

Annexure 2 : Civil Drawings and layout drawing

Annexure 3 : Survey to assess the Per capita Generation of Waste

Annexure 4 : Survey to assess the number of Commercial Establishments in Saligrama

Annexure 5 : Physical & Characterization of Waste

Annexure 6 : Soil Investigation Report

Annexure 7 : Quotation for vehicles and Machineries

Annexure 8 : Proposed command area map

Annexure 9 : Micro‐level Planning for Primary Collection & Transportation of Waste


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Acronyms

APM Arithmetic Progression Method

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CLF Compact Fluorescent Lamp

TP Town Municipal Council

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering,

Organization

DMA Directorate of Municipal Administration

DPR Detailed Project Report

DUDC District Urban Development Cell

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

FCO Fertilizer Control Order

GCL Geo synthetic Clay Liner

GIS Geographical Information System

GIS Geographic Information System

GL Ground Level

GPM Geometric Progression Method

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System Mobile

HDPE High Density Polyethylene

HF Horizontal Flow

HP Horse Power

IEC Information, Education and Communication

IIM Incremental Increase Method

IWMF Integrated Waste Management Facility

LEL Lower Explosive Limit

LS Lumpsum

MIS Management Information System

MLA Member of Legislative Assembly

MLC Member of Legislative Corporation

MP Member of Parliament

vii


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MRF Material Recovery Facility

MSW Municipal Solid Waste

MSWM Municipal Solid Waste Management

NGO Non-Government Organisation

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PGF Planted Gravel Filter

Pk Pourakarmikas

PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride

RDF Refuse Derived Fuel

RFID Radio Frequency Identification

RWA Resident Welfare Association

SBM Swachh Bharat Mission

SBM-U Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban

SLF Sanitary Landfill

SWM Solid Waste Management

TP Town Panchayat

TPD Tons per day

TPH Tones per hour

ULB Urban Local Body

UNESCO United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

VF Vertical Flow

WBM Water Bound Macadam

viii

Detailed Project Report for MSW Management for Saligrama Town Panchayath

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Introduction

1. 1 Background

Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include households

(kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants), industries (raw

material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices), construction

and demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead animals,

manure), parks (fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay,

concrete, bricks, asphalt, residues from air deposition, and dust).

Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes waste from households, non-hazardous solid

waste from industrial, commercial and institutional establishments (excluding bio-

medical waste in present context), market waste, yard waste, agricultural wastes and

street sweepings. Industrial and community hazardous waste and infectious waste, is

not considered as MSW and should be collected and processed separately. MSW

(Management and Handling) Rules 2000 defines MSW as “commercial and

residential wastes generated in municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-

solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical

wastes”. MSW management (MSWM) encompasses the functions of collection,

transfer & transportation, processing & recycling, and disposal of MSW.

1. 2 Problems being faced by Urban Local Bodies

Land disposal of solid wastes is a common waste management practice and has been

practiced for centuries. Unscientific disposal of wastes causes an adverse impact on

all components of the environment and human health. One of the major

environmental concerns is release of methane gas, which has 21 times more global

warming potential than carbon dioxide. Improper management of waste contributes

to 6% of India’s methane emissions and is the third largest emitter of methane in

India. This is much higher than the global average of 3% methane emissions from

solid waste. It currently produces 16 million tons of CO2 equivalents per year and

this number is expected to rise to 20 million tons of CO2 equivalents by 2020.

M/s MaRS Planning & Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd

1


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Improper and unorganized disposal of waste in open areas and landfills have a

negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well as the overall

environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases

among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood and

economic productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water,

ground water and generation of toxic and green-house gases.

Population growth and rapid urbanization means bigger and denser cities and

increased MSW generation in each city. The problem of solid waste management

(SWM) in India, in combination with rapid urbanization, population growth and

unplanned development is worsening day by day.

India is the second largest nation in the world, with a population of 1.21 billion,

accounting for nearly 18% of world's human population, but it does not have enough

resources or adequate systems in place to treat its solid wastes. Its urban population

grew at a rate of 31.8% during the last decade to 377 million, which is greater than

the entire population of US, the third largest country in the world according to

population).

There has been significant increase in generation of solid wastes in India over last

few decades and reason is largely associated with population growth. Although

typical urban growth rate has been determined at around 2.5% annually, waste

generation is out pacing the urban population growth in Indian cities. The solid

waste generated in Indian cities has increased from 6 million tons in 1947 to 48

million tons in 1997 and is expected to increase to 300 million tons per annum by

2047.

India is facing a sharp contrast between its increasing urban population and

available services and resources. Waste management is one such service where India

has an enormous gap to fill. More than 25% of the waste generated is not collected at

all; 70% of the Indian cities lack adequate capacity to transport it and there are no

sanitary landfills to dispose of the waste. Proper disposal systems to address the

burgeoning amount of wastes are absent. The current waste management services

are inefficient, incur heavy expenditure and are so low as to be a potential threat to


2


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the public health and environmental quality. Improper solid waste management

deteriorates public health, causes environmental pollution, accelerates natural

resources degradation, causes climate change and greatly impacts the quality of life

of citizens Solid

MSW management is constrained by institutional weakness, lack of proper funding,

lack of proper management and operational systems, public apathy, lack of

municipal will to become financially self-sufficient through municipal taxation, etc.

1. 3 Efforts of the Government

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve

existing SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and

recommendations are discussed below:

(i) Hon’ble Supreme Court of India Recommendations

In recent years, the current MSWM system in India has received considerable

attention from the Central and State Governments and local municipalities. Then

first initiative was taken by the Honorable Supreme Court of India in 1998, which

resulted in the formation of a Committee to study the current status of MSWM in

Indian cities. This Committee identified the deficiencies/gaps in the existing MSWM

system in the country and prepared the “Interim Report on SWM Practices in Class I

Cities”. Class I are cities with a population ranging between one lakh to ten lakhs

(1,00,000 – 10,00,000).

(ii) Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules

As a second initiative, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),

Government of India, published “Municipal Solid Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules 2000” (MSW Rules 2000). These rules were developed in

conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and

aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in the urban sector. They

dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the

municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules

and infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation,

processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall


3


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coordinate with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control

Committees (PCCs) in the matters of MSW disposal and its management and

handling”.

(iii) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is the third

notable initiative undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding

for urban infrastructure development in 63 cities and towns of the country. This

mission was initiated in 2006 and is slated to continue until 2011.

(iv) Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and

Medium Towns

The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns

and cities in a planned manner and to promote public–private partnership (PPP) in

infrastructure development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and

will continue for seven years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per

2001 census, except the cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the

components of this scheme is to renew the old sewerage and solid waste disposal

systems in inner (old) areas.

(v) Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to

achieve a clean India as a tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his

150th birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of

Urban Development (MoUD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

(MoDWS) for urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved

sanitary services and capacity building initiatives.

MSWM a major component of the SBM (urban)-“refers to a systematic process that

comprises of waste segregation and storage at source, primary collection, secondary

storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource recovery, processing,

treatment, and final disposal of solid waste.”


4


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Under the provisions of MSWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project

Reports in consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of

the City Sanitation Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for

attracting Private investment. The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of

India’s goals outlined in the NUSP 2008, SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals

(including cost recovery mechanisms), O&M practices and Service-level Benchmark

advisories released by MoUD and Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management,

2000.

States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75%

Central Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80%

of the urban population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase

year on year) covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant / VGF may

also be used to promote projects of waste to energy.

(vi) Fourteen Finance Commission Recommendations

Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the

Finance Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues

between the Union and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant,

subsequent to the passage of the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first

time announced in the 10th Finance Commission for providing basic services at the

grassroots level and strengthening decentralization.

The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local

Bodies namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The

Basic Grants will be released on furnishing the Utilization Certificates for the last

releases and the General Performance Grant will be released on fulfillment of nine

conditions by the State Government, as stipulated in para 10.16.1 of the report of the

13th Finance Commission by March of a particular financial year.

Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to

basic municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been

introduced in 30 states and across 1700 ULBs.


5


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Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have been linked to

improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th Finance Commission also

recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50% should be for SWM

(2010- 2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has funded five

Waste-to-Energy plants for utilization of MSW.

The 14th Finance Commission has recommend distribution of grants to the States

using 2011 population data. The grant to each state will be divided into two, a grant

to duly constituted gram panchayats and a grant to duly constituted municipalities,

on the basis of urban and rural population of that state using the data of census 2011.

The ratio of basic to performance grant is 90:10 with respect to panchayats and

80:20 in the case of municipalities. The total grants recommended by the

commission are Rs 2,87,436crore for a five-year period from April 1, 2015 to March

31, 2020. Of this, Rs 2,00,292.20crore will be given to panchayats and Rs 87,143.80

crore to municipalities. The transfers for financial year 2015-16 will be Rs 29,988

crore.

(vii) National Green Tribunal Recommendations

CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid

Waste (MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5th Feb-

2015 in the matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on

strengthening the planning exercise at national, state as well as city level by

improvising through the waste management value chain. In addition to that, The

Plan suggested the concept of regional cluster approach as well as technology options

on the basis of quantum of MSW generation.

1. 4 Need for the Project

As per the 74th Constitutional Amendment, provision of solid waste services - waste

collection, transfer, recycling, resource recovery and disposal, is recognized as a key

service to be managed and delivered by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). Also the

Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 (MSW Rules)

imposes an obligation on all municipalities in India to adopt suitable processes for

scientific collection, management, processing and disposal of MSW.


6


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Solid waste management is a major task of the local governments, typically

accounting for a sizeable portion of the municipal budget - about 20% to 50%. Most

ULBs spend nearly 60%-70% of their total overall budgetary allocation on collection,

another 20%-30% on transportation, and often less than 10% on the treatment and

final disposal of MSW. Despite this huge expenditure, ULBs are still grappling with

the challenge of preventing environmental degradation due to the unsystematic and

unscientific method of solid waste management.

Most of the ULBs in the state are collecting waste and disposing the waste at

dumping sites without any processing. Moreover, proper waste management in the

cities are hampered by the following problems:

• Increasing quantity and volume of solid waste

• Inadequate infrastructure for proper collection and transportation of waste

• Lack of adequate and appropriate facilities for MSW processing and disposal

• Limited access to land

• Increasing cost of solid waste collection and disposal.

Most cities and towns lack systematization of procedures relating to waste collection,

segregation, storage and transportation, and absence of scientific processing and

disposal of waste. As a consequence, ULBs are unable to achieve the desired level of

service level performance in terms of efficiency and satisfaction and thereby comply

with the MSW Rules.

As a part of the Swachha Bharat Mission, District Urban Development Cell, Udupi

intends to enhance the existing Solid waste management system and thus improve

the health and living standards of its residents in Saligrama. The purpose of this

project is to identify the existing MSWM practices in Saligrama in Udupi district,

recognize deficiencies/gaps in the present system and propose a comprehensive plan

for MSWM including segregation, collection, transportation and processing &

scientific disposal of waste in compliance with the MSW Rules 2000.


7


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1. 5 Methodology adopted for the Study

This DPR proposes a comprehensive SWM management and implementation plan

for the town. In order to address each of the problems associated with the current

SWM system, a series of steps shall be adopted, which are summarized in Exhibit 1.

Exhibit 1 : Approach and Methodology

Step 1: Problem Identification

Identification of problems in the town would involve meeting the various

stakeholders in the ULB, and gaining an understanding of the town from

administrators of the area. Tentative facts that emerge from such discussion are


8


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• Waste management awareness level in the towns

• Transportation situation

• Status of sewerage and drainage system

• Source of wastes – slaughter houses, residential areas, bio medical

waste

• Existing waste management system

• Estimates of household and bulk generators in the ULBs

• Major markets, bus stops and depots, transit centres

• Estimates of floating population

These would give the consultants basic idea about the functioning 0f the towns in

terms of solid waste, public toilets and other related infrastructure.

Step 2: Primary and secondary data collection

The main objective of the baseline study is to understand the existing solid waste

system as accurately as possible, analyze system deficiencies in the context of MSW

Rules, 2000 and utilize that information for further planning, implementation and

monitoring processes. Local conditions shall be considered while assessing the

inadequacy of existing service and planning for the future with due consideration of

local demography, physical location, growth objectives of the ULB as well as social

and environmental conditions. From previous experiences, we know that to

understand the problems of the ULB as well as the public, both primary and

secondary data collection is required. The major source of secondary data for this

project would be the ULB and other government and non-government organizations.

Detailed information for assessing the adequacy of municipal solid waste

management services may not be readily available with the ULB. Therefore, efforts

were made to collect secondary data from previous surveys and studies undertaken

for other purposes.

Some essential information shall be collected from field level supervisors. Primary

data shall be collected only when authentic secondary data is unavailable. Primary

data shall be collected through conducting surveys and measurements at the point of

generation, using data collection formats.


9


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Data collection

Secondary data would be collected after discussions with ULB officials to understand

the present practice of waste management and disposal system in the ULBs. Detailed

questionnaires would be prepared to collect information in a streamlined and

organized fashion at macro level. In this regard, the following preliminary

information would be collected to help in framing the methodology for primary data

collection.

• Map of the town with municipal limits and ward wise map

• Census Details – Year 2011, 2001, 1991, 1981, 1971, 1961, 1951

• Total number of households in ULB

• List of markets, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, industries, Abattoirs,

slaughter houses in ULB

• Existing assets and manpower with ULB

Based on the evaluation of available secondary data and the outcome of discussions

with the ULB our strategy and approach to complete each and every stage of the

project shall be framed.

Quantification and Composition of MSW

The quantity and composition of MSW generated in the ULB is essential for

determining collection, processing and disposal options that could be adopted. They

are dependent on the population, demographic details, principal activities in the

city/ town, income levels and lifestyle of the community. It has been well established

that waste generation of an area is proportional to average income of the people of

that area. It is also observed that generation of organic, plastic and paper waste is

high in high income areas.

The Characterization studies carried out by NEERI in the year 1996 indicate that

MSW contains large organic fraction (30-40%), ash and fine earth (30-40%), paper

(3-6%) along with plastic glass and metal (each less than 1%), calorific value of refuse

ranges between 800-1000 kcal/kg and C/N ratio ranges between 20 and 30.Study

revealed that quantum of waste generation varies between 0.2-0.4 kg/capita/day in

the urban centers and it goes up to 0.5 kg/capita/day in metropolitan cities.


10


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Estimation of Per capita waste generation details

For the purpose of estimating the per capita waste generated in the ULBs,

representative samples from each ULB shall be collected from households of low,

mid and higher income and commercial establishments.

The waste generators shall be advised to deposit all the waste generated in the bags

distributed to them and hand over the bag to the waste collector on the subsequent

day. The waste shall be weighed after collection and the weights recorded. The

average amount of waste disposed by a specific class of generators shall be estimated

by averaging data from several samples collected at multiple representative locations

within the ULB jurisdiction. These quantities shall then be extrapolated to the entire

ULB to assess the per capita waste generation.

Sampling for Waste Quantification

The waste quantification and characterization studies would be conducted for

samples collected from the open dumpsites of the city from where waste is dumped

by different sections of the society. This would be followed by waste quantification

and waste characterization (physical) by quartering method. The sample shall be

analyzed in the laboratory for its chemical characteristics.

Determining Waste Composition

The quartering and coining method is one of the best techniques for determining the

physical composition and characteristic of municipal waste. The sample is reduced to

a more manageable size as the actual classification is carried out by hand. The

Quartering and Coining sampling procedure is described below:

• Manageable quantity of MSW mixed from outside and inside of the waste pile,

sourced from random entities in an identified sampling location is collected

and mixed thoroughly.

• The sample is placed as a uniform heap and the heap is divided into four

portions using straight lines perpendicular to each other.

• Waste from opposing corners of the divided heap is removed to leave half of

the original sample. The remaining portions are again thoroughly mixed and

the quartering process is repeated until a desired size is obtained (10 kg of

waste can be handled/ segregated efficiently).


11


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• The last remaining opposing fractions of waste shall be mixed and analyzed

for identifying physical and chemical properties of the waste.

• Chemical analysis of the sample shall be performed in a laboratory accredited

by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF).

Step 3: Data Col lat ion and Analysis

The waste quantity and characterization details gathered during primary survey

would be compiled and analyzed.

Estimating future waste generation quantities and composition is critical for

developing a MSW management Plan. Planning horizons for solid waste

processing/treatment/disposal projects typically extend to 20-30 years, depending

on the nature of the facility. The MSW management plan shall be designed for the

following design periods(time-frame):

(i) Short-term plan : 5 years

(ii) Mid-term plan : 15 years

(iii) Long-term plan : 20-25 years

Population Growth Projections

The census 2011 population figures would be used to calculate population projection

for each ward. The Projections would be done using the methods recommended in

CPHEEO Manual.

Arithmetical Increase Method: This method is generally applicable to large and old

cities. In this method the average increase of population per decade is calculated

from the past records and added to the present population to find out population in

the next decade. This method gives a low value and is suitable for well settled and

established communities.

Incremental Increase Method: In this method the increment in arithmetical increase

is determined from the past decades and the average of that increment is added to

the average increase. This method increases the figures obtained by the arithmetical

increase method.


12


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Geometrical Increase Method: In this method percentage increase is assumed to be

the rate of growth and the average of the percentage increase is used to find out

future increment in population. This method gives much higher value and is mostly

applicable for growing towns and cities having vast scope for expansion.

Waste Generation Projections

Waste generation figures would be also calculated on the basis of these projected

figures and the per capita waste generation figures.

An assessment states that the per capita waste generation is increasing by about

1.3%per year. With an urban growth rate of 3-3.5% per annum, the annual increase

in waste quantities may be considered at 5 % per annum. Impacts of increasing ULB

jurisdiction should also be considered while assessing future waste generation rates.

Step 4: Gap analysis

The assessment of the information on the current status of waste management in the

ULB vis- a- vis the requirements of existing regulation, policies and guidelines and

identified SLBs will result in an identification of key shortfalls in achieving the

desired level of services and shall form the basis for preparing a plan to improve the

MSWM system. Gaps in the existing waste management system would be identified

with reference to the MSW Rules 2000, the information provided by the ULB

officials and the existing scenario as per the results of the primary survey.

Step 5: Evaluation & Proposal, Detailed engineering, BOQ

and Cost estimates

Based on the outcomes of the primary and secondary data collection and the

corresponding analysis of gap and requirement analysis results, discussions with the

stakeholders, ULB, and the best judgments made by the consultant experts,

alternatives would be considered and evaluated and a most suitable MSW

management model would be developed for implementation. Further, detailed

engineering, BOQ, cost and estimates for this plan would be developed and

considered for producing a finance model. Guidelines laid out by the Swachh Bharat

Mission would be used for the same.


13


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1. 6 Structure of Report

This Detailed Project Report (DPR) is for setting up a modern municipal solid waste

management project for the Town of Saligrama in Udupi District. The DPR is

organized in thirteen chapters and the details are briefed below:

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter elaborates the background of waste management in India, the need for

the Project and the methodology adopted for the study.

Chapter 2: Project Area Profile

This chapter provides an understanding of the district and town profile.

Chapter 3: Present Scenario of SWM

This chapter provides details of current scenario in the town including quantification

& characterization of the waste, existing collection and transportation system and the

present processing and disposal methods adopted by the ULB.

Chapter 4: Review of Technologies

This chapter details out the technical details of the various technologies available for

processing the waste.

Chapter 5: Design Criteria

This chapter provides the design basis for the project including population growth

and waste generation projections, the strategy to be adopted and the proposed plan

for collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste.

Chapter 6: Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan

This chapter elaborates the proposed collection and transportation plan for the town

and also provides details of the assets and manpower requirement.

Chapter 7: Proposed Processing & Disposal Plan

This chapter details out the various technologies proposed for processing the waste

and the details for the sanitary landfill facility. The plant & machinery and civil

infrastructure, manpower and area requirement for the processing and disposal

facility is provided in this chapter.


14


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Chapter 8: Project Financials

This chapter provides the details of the capital cost and the operation and

maintenance cost for implementing the project including the funding pattern for the

project.

Chapter 9: Operating Framework

This chapter describes the framework for implementing the project.

Chapter 10: Legal Aspects

This chapter lists out legal provisions to be implemented by the ULBs to ensure

robust waste management system.

Chapter 11: Health Aspects

This chapter addresses the health and other related issues arising from waste

management activities.

Chapter 12: Role of Stakeholders

This chapter elaborates the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders of

the project.

Chapter 13: Information, Education & Communication (IEC)

This chapter provides strategies to be adopted for creating public awareness in terms

of MSW segregation at source level and 3R concept. Also provides Information

education, communication and awareness programmes.


15


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2. Project Area Profile

2. 1 District Profile - Udupi

Background

Udupi district in the Karnataka state of India was carved out as a separate district

from the erstwhile Dakshina Kannada district on 25 August 1997. The three

northern taluks, Udupi, Kundapur and Karkala, were bifurcated from Dakshina

Kannada District to form Udupi district.

History

It is widely believed that the name of Udupi was derived from its Tulu name Odipu.

The Tulu name in turn is associated with a temple at Malpe, devoted to

Vadabhandeshwara. Another story is that the name Udupi came from the

combination of the Sanskrit words Udu and Pa, which mean "stars" and "lord."

According to legend, the moon's light was once reduced due to a curse by King

Daksha, whose 27 daughters (the 27 stars, according to Hindu astrology) were

married to the moon. The moon prayed to Lord Shiva to get back its original shine.

Lord Shiva was pleased with the moon's prayer and restored its shine. Legend says

that the moon and his wives made their prayer at the Chandramouleeshwara temple

at Udupi, creating a linga that can be seen even today. According to this story,

therefore, Udupi means the land of the "lord of the stars," the moon.

Geography

Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada

district in southern direction. Shivamogga district borders on north east side

and Chikkamagaluru district on east. Arabian Sea is on west of Udupi district. Land

nearer to sea is plain with small hills and paddy fields, coconut gardens etc. Land

bordering the Western Ghats in the east is covered with forests and hilly terrain; the

forests are very thick in some parts and Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary is located

near Hebri and Someshwara and Mukambika Wild Life sanctuary is established

near Kollur. Kudremukh national park begins 16 km away from Karkala near Mala.

The area surrounding Kollur is also thickly forested and villages are located in

between forest area. Some parts of Kundapur taluk and Karkala taluk are looking


16



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taluk


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundapur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Kannada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivamogga_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikkamagaluru_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_sea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Someshwara_Wildlife_Sanctuary

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukambika_Wild_Life_sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudremukh_national_park

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

like Malenadu both in appearance covered with forests and greenery as well as in

culture also. The district is harbouring rare species of flora and fauna. Tiger, King

Cobra, deer, bison are some of the wild life seen in the district. Flora includes rose

wood, teak wood, some of rare plants and fungus.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Udupi district has a population of 1,177,908, roughly

equal to the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 403rd in India (out of

a total of 640). The district has a population density of 304 inhabitants per square

kilometre (790/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was

5.9%. Udupi has a sex ratio of 1093 females for every 1000 males. The average

literacy rate was 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.

Climate

The climate of the district shares the wider climatic pattern of the other West Coast

districts of India. It is characterized by excessive humidity(78%) during the greater

part of the year. There are four seasons viz.,

a) Four wet months of June, July, August and September, when the district

encounters strong winds, high humidity, heavy showers and a slight fall in

temperature.

b) Two warm and damp months of October and November when south west

monsoon is retreating.

c) Three cool months of December, January and February when generally dry

conditions prevail and

d) Three hot months of March, April and May which is the period of rising

temperature. Climate in the district is generally equable. However, it is

colder in the interior than in the coast

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main stay of the district. Out of the total geographical area of 3.56

lakh hectare (ha), the area under forest is one lakh ha. (28 percent), area under

cultivation, 0.99 lakh ha. (27 percent) and fallow land, 0.13 ha (4 percent).


17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malenadu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_census_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_planning_in_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_ratio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The remaining 45 percent of the land is either not available for cultivation or

uncultivable. The district is not having any major and medium irrigation projects.

Main crops grown are paddy, pulses and oilseeds. Paddy accounts for nearly 80

percent of the cropped area, followed by pulses (14 percent). Sugarcane, which was

grown once in about 2000 ha, is now abandoned with the break-down of Brahmavar

sugar factory. The district has substantial acreage under plantation crops such as

coconut, cashew-nut, arecanut and rubber. Other horticultural crops grown in the

district include mango, sapota, banana, pineapple and vegetables. The Most of

farmers in the district are small and marginal farmers with land holding less than

2ha. The average size of land holding works out to 0.83ha.

Industry

Udupi district has large and medium scale industrial units. They include cashew-nut

processing units, rice mills, coconut powder units, fish canning and processing units,

fish meal and fish oil units, fish net manufacturing units, printing units, granite

units, readymade garment units, auto parts and units of block manufacturing etc.

The district has three industrial estates and about 7500 registered small scale units

employing persons, mainly in automobiles, chemicals, electrical and electronics,

ferrous and non-ferrous, food and intoxicants, leather, mechanical engineering,

paper and printing, textiles, wood and others. The traditional industries like tiles and

beedi are losing importance. The minerals and ores that are available in the district

include silica, calcium, ordinary sand, laterite and granites.

The district has 98 kms long coastal belt, which provides good scope for fisheries in

Udupi and Kundapura taluks. Since the district has heavy rain fall, number of

tributaries and backwaters provide good scope for inland fishery.

Tourism

Udupi district is known for its temples, beaches and Udupi restaurants. It is also

considered the cultural and spiritual capital of Karnataka. The pilgrim places include

famous Krishna temple of Udupi set up by Madhwacharya in 13th century with eight

Muths and Kollur Mukambika temple located at the foothills of Kodachadri set up in

eighth century by Adi Shankaracharya. Bound by lush green mountains on the east

and palm fringed beaches on the west, the district has numerous tourist spots of


18


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great scenic beauty in its entire expanse. Malpe, Kaup and ThrasiMaravanthe

beaches are well known. St. Mary’s Island close to Malpe has unique basalt rock

formations and natural beauty. The Western Ghat Mountains offer places of tourist

attraction. Historical places include Barkur, Udyavar and Karkala. The district is also

famous for its various fairs and festivals and folk dances like Yakshagana - a fabulous

costumed musical dance drama, Boothakolas and Kambla, a buffalo race.

Transportation

The Udupi district has two national highways passing through, one is NH-17 (now

renamed as NH 66) and another is NH-13. The NH-17 (now renamed as NH-66)

which moves in north and south direction connects Udupi with cities like Mangaluru,

Karwar, Murudeshwara, Kochi, Madgaon, Goa, Ratnagiri and Mumbai. The NH-13

connects district with Shimoga, Bijapura, Solapur, Chitradurga and Hospet. The

district has network of bituminised roads connecting district centre with moffusil

areas. The Konkan railway connects district with neighboring districts and states.

The major railway stations are Udupi, Baindur, Kundapur, and. At present nearest

airport is Mangalore International Airport at Bajpe which is at 55 kms from the town

of Udupi.

2. 2 Town Profile - Saligrama

Saligrama is a town on NH 66 in Udupi districtin the Indian state of Karnataka

located between Kundapura and Udupi. It is 21 km north of Udupi and 81 km

from Mangalore. The Arabian sea is about 2 kms to the west of the town.

The name is derived from the sacred stone Saligrama worshipped by

the Vaishnavas Smarthas (Hindus) as an anaconic symbol of Lord Vishnu.Saligrama

has special importance for those who follow Lord Guru Narasimha as their

community deity. It was believed that the community followed Lord Guru Narasimha

as their spiritual guru instead of following mutts for spiritual guidance as an image of

Lord Narasimha appeared in Raja Bhattacharya's dream instructing him to do

so.Famous Kannada writer K. ShivaramaKarantha, winner of Padmabhushana and

Jnanapeetha awards hails from this village.. The Divine Park in the village has a

unique temple dedicated to Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda, an

abode of Gods and Goddesses and a unique platform of Universal Religion.


19

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NH-17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NH-13

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaluru

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murudeshwara

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madgaon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnagiri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitradurga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_railway


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baindur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundapur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore_International_Airport

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajpe



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saligrama

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnavas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarthas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Vishnu


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Exhibit 2 : Location Map of Saligrama Town


20


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Demographics

Exhibit 3 : Population Growth of Saligrama Town

Census Year Population Decadal

Increment Decadal Growth

(%)

1971 10,341

1981 13,228 2,887 27.92

1991 14,020 792 5.99

2001 14,962 942 6.72

2011 15,123 161 1.08

Exhibit 4 : Ward wise 2011 Census Details

Ward No Name of the Ward Population Households

1 Padukere 1,151 234

2 HeggadthiMakki 1,221 218

3 Gendekere 921 220

4 Vishnumoorthi Circle 874 202

5 Karthattu 941 230

6 MarigudiKshethra 938 212

7 Saligrama Pete 903 203

8 Badaholi 901 196

9 Thenkuholi 1,080 250

10 Paduholi 1,321 273

11 Thagginabailu 1,081 231

12 Dodmanebettu 1,373 262

13 Pathalabettu 1,094 217

14 Challamakki 1,324 274

Total 15,123 3,222

Exhibit 5 : Zone wise 2011 Census Details

Sl. No Name of the Zone Population Area (Sq. kms)

1 Parampalli (Ward 1-4) 4,167 3.97

2 Chitrapady (Ward 5-7) 2,782 2.89

3 Gundmi (Ward 11-14) 4,872 3.95

4 Karkada (Ward 8-10) 3,302 3.85

Total 15,123 14.69


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Language

The main language spoken in Saligrama is Kannada and Konkani is also spoken here.

Transportation

Saligrama is located approximately mid-way between Udupi and Kundapur on

National Highway 17. Excellent bus service is available from Udupi and Kundapur.

Direct bus service is available from Saligrama to the state

capital Bangalore and Mumbai. Local means of transport is through autos and taxis.

Exhibit 6 : Brief Profile of Saligrama Town

Sl. No Particulars

1 Current Administrative Area (sq. km) 14.69

2 Population (2011) 15,123

3 No. of Households 3,222

4 Number of Wards 14

5 Maximum Temperature 35o C

6 Minimum Temperature 20o C

7 No. of hotels 18

8 No. of marriage halls 3

9 No. of meat stalls 5

10 No. of religious places 15

11 No. of bus stands 1

12 No. of petty shops 298


22

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkani

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai


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3. Present Scenario of SWM

3.1 Quantification of Waste

The quantity of MSW generated depends on a number of factors such as food habits,

standard of living, degree of commercial activities and seasons. Data on quantity

variation and generation are useful in planning for collection and disposal systems.

Indian cities now generate eight times more MSW than they did in 1947 because of

increasing urbanization and changing life styles. The rate of increase of MSW

generated per capita is estimated at 1 to 1.33% annually. MSW generation rates in

small towns are lower than those of metro cities, and the per capita generation rate of

MSW in India ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 kgs/ day.

The quantity of waste from various cities was accurately measured by NEERI and it

was observed that the quantity of waste produced is lesser than that in developed

countries and is normally observed to vary between 0.2-0.6 kg/capita/day. It is

estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns is

about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. Values up to 0.6

kg/capita/day was observed in metropolitan cities. Average per-capita generation of

municipal solid waste per the CPHEEO Manual on Municipal Solid Waste

Management is given in Exhibit 7.

Exhibit 7 : Average Per-capita generation of MSW in Indian Cities

Population Range (in million) Average per capita value (kg/capita/day)

< 0.1 0.21

0.1 - 0.5 0.21

0.5 - 1.0 0.25

1.0 - 2.0 0.27

2.0 - 5.0 0.35

> 5.0 0.50

> 5.0 (in metro cities) 0.60

Source: CPHEEO Manual on MSWM, May 2000


23


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Quantification of Waste in Saligrama Town

Estimation of Per capita waste generation details

For the purpose of estimating the per capita waste generated in the ULBs,

representative samples were collected from households of low, mid and higher

income and slums.

The waste generators were advised to deposit all the waste generated in the bags

distributed to them and hand over the bag to the waste collector on the subsequent

day. The waste was weighed after collection and the weights recorded. The average

amount of waste disposed by generators was estimated by averaging data from

several samples collected at multiple representative locations within the ULB

jurisdiction. These quantities were then be extrapolated to the entire ULB to assess

the per capita waste generation.

The per capita waste generation was estimated to be 208gms/capita/day. The

quantity of waste generated in residential and commercial areas was estimated by

multiplying the population with the per capita waste generation factor. The waste

generated from residential and commercial units is about 3.24 TPD.

There are about 14 eating joints/ hotels in Saligrama town. The waste from these

establishments and marriage halls mostly includes left-over food and disposable

crockery and it is estimated that the average generation rate is 35kgs/unit/ day and

total waste generated works out to be 0.49 TPD. There are about 5 meat stalls in the

town. It is estimated that the average generation rate is 35kgs/unit/ day and total

waste generated is less than 0.18 TPD.

The waste quantity generated from street sweeping and drain cleaning activities was

obtained from the field studies. Based on the field survey conducted, the average

waste generation from street sweeping and drain cleaning activities is about 35kgs/

km of road length and the total waste generated is about 0.7 TPD.


24


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Exhibit 8 : Quantification of MSW in Saligrama Town (2015)

Sl. no Waste Generators No of

Generators

Avg.

waste

/ day

in Kg

Total

waste

(Kgs)

Total

( Tonnes)

1 Residential & Commercial

waste 15,775 0.205 3240 3.24

2 Market waste 1 500 500 0.50

3 Hotel waste 18 27.2 490 0.49

4 Meat stall waste 5 36 180 0.18

5 Street sweeping waste 12

kms/day 58.3 700 0.70

6 C & D waste 0.3

Total 5.41

The approximate quantity of MSW generated is 5.41 TPD from a population of more

than 15,000 distributed in 14 wards. Thus, the average per capita generation of waste

is estimated to be 329gms/capita/day.

3.2 Characterization and Composition of MSW

The waste quantification studies was followed by waste characterization studies

(physical) by quartering method and the sample was analyzed in the laboratory for

its chemical characteristics. The waste characterization studies were conducted for

samples collected from the open dumpsite where waste is dumped by different

sections of the society.

As compared to the western countries, MSW differs greatly with regard to the

composition and hazardous nature, in India. MSW contains compostable organic

matter (fruit and vegetable peels, food waste), recyclables (paper, plastic, glass,

metals, etc) and inerts. MSW composition at generation sources and collection

points, determined on a wet weight basis, consists mainly of large organic fraction

(40–60%), ash and fine earth (30–40%), paper (3–6%) and plastic, glass and metals

(each less than 1%). The C/N ratio ranges between 20 and 30, and the lower calorific

value ranges between 800 and 1000 kcal/kg. Based on the characterization study

conducted in various Indian cities by National Environmental Engineering Research

Institute (NEERI), the physical and chemical characterization of MSW is presented


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in Exhibit 9 and 10 respectively.

Exhibit 9 : Physical Characteristics of MSW in Indian Cities

Population Range

(in million)

Number of Cities

Surveyed

Percent Composition of Municipal Solid Waste

Paper Rubber,

Leather & Synthetics

Glass Metals Total

compostable matter

Inert Total

0.1 - 0.5 12 2.91 0.78 0.56 0.33 44.57 43.59 100

0.5 - 1.0 15 2.95 0.73 0.35 0.32 40.04 48.38 100

1.0 - 2.0 9 4.71 0.71 0.46 0.49 38.95 44.57 100

2.0 - 5.0 3 3.18 0.48 0.48 0.59 56.67 49.07 100

> 5.0 4 6.43 0.28 0.94 0.80 30.48 53.90 100

All values are calculated on net weight basis

Source: Manual on Solid Waste Management, NEERI, 1996

Exhibit 10 : Chemical Characteristics of MSW in Indian Cities

Population Range

(in million) Moisture

Organic Matter

Chemical Characteristics

Nitrogen as Total

Nitrogen

Phosphorous as P2O5

Potassium as K2O

C/N

Ratio

Calorific value in kcal/kg

0.1 - 0.5 25.81 37.09 0.71 0.63 0.83 30.94 1009.89

0.5 - 1.0 19.52 25.19 0.66 0.56 0.69 21.13 900.61

1.0 - 2.0 26.98 26.98 0.64 0.82 0.72 23.68 980.05

2.0 - 5.0 21.03 25.60 0.56 0.69 0.78 22.45 907.18

> 5.0 38.72 39.07 0.56 0.52 0.52 30.11 800.70

All values, except moisture, are on dry weight basis

Source: Manual on Solid Waste Management, NEERI, 1996

Sample Collection Procedure

The quartering and coining method is one of the best techniques for determining the

physical composition and characteristics of municipal waste. The sample is reduced

to a more manageable size as the actual classification is carried out by hand. The

Quartering and Coining sampling procedure is described below:

• Manageable quantity of MSW mixed from outside and inside of the waste pile,

sourced from random entities in an identified sampling location is collected

and mixed thoroughly.

• The sample is placed as a uniform heap and the heap is divided into four

portions using straight lines perpendicular to each other.


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• Waste from opposing corners of the divided heap is removed to leave half of

the original sample. The remaining portions are again thoroughly mixed and

the quartering process is repeated until a desired size is obtained (10 kg of

waste can be handled/ segregated efficiently).

• The last remaining opposing fractions of waste shall be mixed and analyzed

for identifying physical and chemical properties of the waste.

• Chemical analysis of the waste sample follows the physical constituent

analysis. Chemical analysis of the sample shall be performed in a laboratory

accredited by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF).

Exhibit 11 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Waste

Sl. No. Test Parameters Unit Result

1 Physical characteristics

(i) Biodegradable

Paper/cardboard % 21.00

Organic Waste % 35.46

Wood % 4.08

(ii) Non-Biodegradable

Rubber & Leather % 4.15

Plastics % 27.30

Rags/Textiles % 2.10

Metals % 0.62

(iii) Inerts

Glass & Crockery % 2.14

Stone & Grits % 3.15

2 Chemical Characteristics

Bulk density gm/cc 0.26

pH 7.45

3 Proximate Analysis

Moisture % 40.12

Volatile % 31.10

Fixed carbon % 7.56

Ash content % 21.12

4 Ultimate Analysis(on Dry basis)

Carbon as C % 39.28


Oxygen as O % 21.59



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Sl. No. Test Parameters Unit Result

Sulphur as S % 0.19

Phosphorus as P % 0.06


C/N ratio % 151.96:1

5 Heavy Metals

Arsenic as (As), Lead as (Pb), Cadmium as (Cd), Mercury as (Hg),

mg/kg Not detected

Zinc as (Zn) mg/kg 0.042

Copper as (Cu) mg/kg 0.017

Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 0.010

Iron as (Fe) mg/kg 2.78

6 Gross calorific value Kcal/Kg 1160.00

3.3 Collection and Transportation

Waste from residential and commercial areas

Segregation of waste is not practiced. Door to door collection of waste is being

implemented in 9wards by Saligrama Town Panchyath (STP) and the collection

efficiency is only about 60-70% . The waste from households is collected in tractors

and auto-tippers and stored at an identified location i.e. Hale kota maidian since at

present there is no disposal facility in Saligrama. The waste is then transported once

a week to the Alevoor landfill site at Udupi located at a distance of 21 kms from

Saligrama.

Exhibit 12 : Primary Collection Vehicles


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Waste Storage Depots

In areas not covered under door to door collection, the residents dump their waste at

various open spaces within the town and the waste from these open spaces is

collected and transported to the dumpsite as and when necessary.

Exhibit 13 : Existing Scenario of SWM

Sanitary Waste

At present there is no separate collection system for sanitary waste. The sanitary

waste is collected along with the household waste during primary collection of waste

from households and disposed off at the dumping site.

Construction & Demolition Waste

The construction and demolition waste is used by the generators for house

constructions and levelling of low lying areas.


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Bio-Medical Waste

The management of bio-medical waste has been outsourced to a M/s Ramky.

Exhibit 14 : Existing Waste Collection Route

Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning

Saligrama has a total road length of 66.81 kms of which 30.6 kms is cement concrete

road, 27.2kms is asphalt road and the balance 9.01 kms is other roads. The street

sweeping operations is carried out by the ULB staff.

The road length is divided into three types of roads on the basis of the frequency of

street sweeping required. The frequency of sweeping in three categories, i.e., Type A

(high density areas like city centre, commercials and important areas), Type B


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(medium density areas and housing colonies) and Type C (low density areas and

fringe areas) and Type D.

Exhibit 15 : Road Length

Type of roads Road Length (kms) Frequency of Sweeping

Type A 3.4 Daily

Type B 6.8 Twice in a week

Type C 36.56 Once in a week

Type D 20.05 Once in a Month

Total 66.81

Exhibit 16 : Assets available with the ULB

Vehicular Fleet Nos No of Trips / day

Tractors 1 4

Auto-Tipper 2 3

Mini Tipper 3m3 1 1

Pushcart 1 1

Exhibit 17 : Manpower available with the ULB

Vehicles Permanent Contract

Sanitary Inspector -- 1

Sanitary Workers 12 -

Drivers -- 1

Total 12 2

3.4 MSW Processing & Disposal Site

The ULB has identified the Ulathur site spread over 2.71 acres of land and located

about 10kms away from Saligrama for establishing the MSW Processing and disposal

facility. However, the site is currently under litigation and to be resolved by the court

at Kundapura.


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Exhibit 18 : Proposed MSW Disposal Site

Exhibit 19 : Proposed Landfill Site Location at Ulathur Village


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Exhibit 20 : Proposed processing site at Ulathur Village

3.5 Linkages with other MSW Management Schemes

The Saligrama town Panchyath is a newly formed ULB. The expenditure for

managing the waste in the town is borne by the ULB. There are no existing schemes

supporting the waste management operations in Saligrama.

3.6 Present SWM Institutional Framework

The Saligrama Town Panchayath is responsible for infrastructure development and

managing the various civic services such as water supply, solid waste management,

sanitation etc. of the city. The Municipal Council has various departments such as

engineering, revenue, health, administrative, accounts etc. for managing and

administrative purposes.


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Exhibit 21 : Organization Chart

Solid waste management is carried out by the Health Inspector who is supported by

senior and junior health inspectors who are further supported by sanitary

supervisors, sanitary workers and drivers. The drivers and workers will work under

the close supervision and guidance of supervisor, who in turn will be working under

Health Inspectors.

3.7 Legal Framework

(i) Air & Water Act

All MSW projects have to obtain separately the Consent for Establishment (CFE) and

also Consent for Operation (CFO) under the Water (Prevention and Control of

Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air Act (Prevention and Control of Pollution) 1981. These

Projects shall comply with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The Project

has to obtain the relevant Consents from the Karnataka State Pollution Control

Board (KSPCB).


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(ii) Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006

The notification classifies the Common Municipal Solid Waste Project as falling

under Schedule B which requires Prior Environmental Clearance (EC). The approval

has to be obtained from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority

(SEIAA) before taking up any construction activity.

(iii) MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016

The MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016 shall apply to every municipal

authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing

and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

Any MSW generated in a city or a city, shall be managed and handled in accordance

with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid down in Schedule–II [See Rules

6(1) and (3), 7(1) Management of Municipal Solid Wastes]. Municipal authorities

shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies to make use of

wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill. Following criteria shall be adopted,

namely: -

The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermin-composting,

anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of

wastes. It shall be ensured that compost or any other end product shall comply with

standards as specified in Schedule –IV;

Mixed waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling.

Incineration with or without energy recovery including pelletisation can also be used

for processing wastes in specific cases. Municipal authority or the operator of a

facility wishing to use other state-of-the- art technologies shall approach the Central

Pollution Control Board to get the standards laid down before applying for grant of

authorization.

(iv) Site Suitability Analysis

Manual on Solid Waste Management has prescribed criteria for selecting the site for

landfill. The site selected for setting up of solid waste management shall be


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evaluated based on the location criteria as per CPHEEO Manual.

Exhibit 22 : Evaluation of Location as per CPHEEO Manual

Criteria CPHEEO Manual

Requirements Compliance

Lake/Pond 200 m away from the Lake/Pond Complied

River 100 m away from the river Complied

Flood plain No land fill within a

100 year flood plain

Complied

Highway 200 m from highway Complied

Public parks

300 m away from

public parks

Complied

Wet lands No landfill within wet lands Complied

Habitation 500 m away from the notified habitation Complied

Ground water table Ground water table >2m. Complied

Critical habitat area

No landfill within the Critical habitat area. It is defined as the area in which one or more endangered species live.

Complied

Air ports No landfill within 20 kms Complied

Water supply Schemes/ wells.

Minimum 500 m away Complied

Coastal regulatory

Zone

Should not be sited Complied

Unstable zone Landfill Site is not susceptible to land slide. Complied

Buffer zone As prescribed by Regulatory Authority. Complied


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(iv) Service Level Benchmarks

The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), GoI has introduced Service Level

Benchmarking as one of the appropriate systems for information management,

performance monitoring and benchmarking. This system is aimed at improving not

only the service provision but also the delivery of services to the consumers. MSWM

is one of the four basic urban services which MoUD has identified as a performance

parameter. These are indicators to measure the stepwise performance in MSWM at

ULB level. Under the 13th Finance Commission, Service Level Benchmarking is a key

criterion for performance grant of ULBs.

Exhibit 23 : SWM Service Level Benchmarks at a Glance

Sl. No

Indicator Unit Value

1 Household level coverage of SWM services

As % of households and establishments that are covered by daily door-step collection system.

100%

2 Efficiency of Collection of Municipal solid waste

As % of total waste collected by ULB and authorized service providers against waste generated within the project area (excluding the waste recycled through rag pickers)

100%

3 Extent of Segregation of municipal solid waste

As % of households and establishments that segregate their waste

100%

4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered

Quantum of waste collected, which is either recycled or Processed, expressed as %.

80%

5 Extent of scientific disposal of solid waste

As % of waste disposed in a sanitary landfill site against total quantum of waste disposed in landfills and dump sites.

100%

6 Cost Recovery in SWM services

Expressed as % recovery of all operating expenses related to SWM Services that the ULB is able to meet from the operating revenues of sources related exclusively to SWM.

100%

7 Efficiency in Re-dressal of customer complaints

As a % of total number of SWM related complaints resolved against total number of SWM complaints received within 24 hrs time period

80%

8 Efficiency in collection of charges

Efficiency in collection is defined as - Current year revenues collected, expressed as a % of the Total operating revenues, for the corresponding time period.

90%


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4. Review of Technologies

4. 1 Introduction

Saligrama Town Panchayath generates about 5 tons of solid waste per day at present,

which has a significant component of biodegradable waste which is about 55 to 60%

of the total composition. The collected solid waste is presently disposed in an

unscientific manner by open dumping at the site near the highway. There is an

urgent need to stop the crude and unhygienic method of open dumping of waste and

to adopt scientific and environmental friendly methods where the useful components

of waste are utilized and only rejects and inert material are disposed in an

environmentally acceptable manner.

For towns with population less than 1,00,000 and generating waste less than 30 TPD

of MSW, the following processing technologies are recommended:

• Combination of bio-methanation, composting and RDF processing

plants

• Segregate dry waste and prepare Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and

supply as fuel to Waste to Energy Plant

4. 2 Recycling of Waste

The MSW contains 5 to 15% recyclable matter like plastics, glass, paper, metals etc.

which can be easily recycled and sold to recyclers.

4. 3 Processing of Organic fraction of Waste

The organic fraction of MSW contains bio-degradable matter ranging from 30% to

55% depending upon the size of the city, income levels of citizens, eating habits of the

population and ongoing economic activity. This organic matter can be profitably

converted into useful products like compost (organic manure), methane gas (used for

cooking, heating, lighting, production of energy) etc. through the following

processes:-

(a) Waste to Compost

(i) Aerobic / Anaerobic Composting

(ii) Vermi-Composting


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(b) Waste to Energy

(i) Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) / Pelletization

(ii) Bio-methanation

(iii) Incineration

(iv) Pyrolysis / Plasma Gasification

(a) Waste to Compost

4.3.1 Aerobic / Anaerobic Composting Technology

The municipal waste primarily comprises of organic material such as kitchen and

yard waste, refuse from vegetable markets, food waste from hotels and restaurants;

green & horticultural waste; cow dung and dairy waste etc. The organic content tends

to decompose leading to odour problems and pollution of the environment.

Several processing methods have been proposed to reduce the pollution potential of

the waste and ensure its safe disposal. The waste can either be stabilized before

sending it to a landfill or can be converted into a valuable material such as compost,

bio-gas, filler material in landfills etc. However, the land fill requirements for

disposal of MSW and consequent further contamination of the environment can be

avoided by processing of the organic and bio-degradable waste into usable material

viz., Compost.

Composting is one of the most popular and techno-economically viable mechanisms

for processing and disposal of biodegradable waste. The process uses biological

mechanism of microorganism to breakdown organic matter of MSW. There are two

major types of process; aerobic and anaerobic.

The aerobic method uses aerobic bacteria to work under suitable environment, i.e.

moisture, temperature, oxygen content and Carbon/Nitrogen ratio of organic matter.

This method normally produces good quality compost containing Nitrogen and

Sulfate, and does not cause the odor problem. The finished compost can be used as a

offset for fertilizers in the agriculture industry and other related uses such as

landscaping, green cover development, barren land reclamation etc.


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The other method is operated under anaerobic environment, and normally causes

odor problems, such as, Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia. This method uses longer

time for acquiring mature to digest and gives lower quality of fertilizer. Normally

compost plant is processed under aerobic condition and requires aeration system,

which consequently needs energy consumption.

Principles of Composting Process

Decomposition and stabilization of organic waste matter is a natural phenomenon.

Composting is an organized method of producing compost manure by adopting this

natural phenomenon. Compost is particularly useful as organic manure which

contains plant nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium) as well as micro

nutrients which can be utilized for the growth of plants. When used in conjunction

with chemical fertilizers optimum results are obtained.

Stages and Phases of Composting Process

Composting process can be divided into the following four stages:

• Mesophilic stage

• Thermophilic stage

• Cooling Stage

• Maturation &Stabilization Stage

The mesophilic process takes place at the temperature range of 200 C to 400 C. When

composting process begins, the mesophilic flora pre-dominates and is responsible for

most of the metabolic activities. This results in rise in the temperature of the

compost heap. With the rise in temperature, mesophilic population is replaced by

thermophilic species which thrive at the temperature of 450 C and above.

Thermophilic bacteria are mainly responsible for breaking down proteins and other

readily bio-degradable organic matter. Fungi and Actinomycetes play an important

role in the decomposition of cellulose and lignin.

The increased temperature results in increased rate of biological activity and hence

results in faster stabilization of the material. However, if the temperature rise is very

high, the organism and enzymes get inactivated resulting into decrease in the

biological activity. The temperature range of 500 C to 600 C is optimum for


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nitrification and cellulose degradation. The high temperature also helps in

destruction of some of the pathogens and parasites. If the process is so controlled

that the temperature is kept between 500 C to 600 C for 5 to 7 days, destruction of

pathogens and parasites will be ensured.

Thermophilic stage which continues for 7 to 10 days is followed by cooling stage

wherein the temperature comes down in the range of 200 C to 400 C. The micro-flora

and micro-fauna which flourish during the final stage of composting are essentially

mesophilic. The composting is normally taken to be complete when the active

decomposition stage is over and the C/N ratio is stabilized around 20.The cooling

stage which covers a period of about a week is followed by the stabilization stage. At

the end of three to four weeks period, the decomposed material is known as “Green

Compost” or “Fresh Compost” wherein cellulose has not been fully stabilized. It is

therefore, stored in large sized windrows for about ten to fifteen days. At the end of

the storage period, the compost is known as “Ripe Compost”.

By controlling some of the composting influencing factors, natural composting

process could be accelerated. These influencing factors also have impact on quality of

compost produced. Some of the important factors in the composting process are

temperature, C/N ratio, phosphorous, sulphur, moisture, particle size, oxygen flow,

etc.

• Temperature: For best results, temperature should be maintained between

50 and 550C for the first few days and 55 and 600C for the remainder of the

active composting period. If temperature goes beyond 660C, biological

activity is reduced significantly. Although high temperatures ensure

destruction of pathogens and parasites it could also result in Nitrogen loss.

• C/N ratio: Optimum ratio is 30. To bring down the ratio sewage and sludge

will be added. To increase the ratio straw, sawdust, paper will be added.

• Phosphorous: One of the essential nutrients for plant growth and

determines the quality of compost. Phosphorous concentration might

increase as composting proceeds.

• Sulphur: Presence of Sulphur in sufficient quantities can lead to the

production of volatile, odorous compounds. The major sources of Sulphur

are two amino acids (cysteine and methionine). Under well-aerated


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conditions, the sulfides are oxidized to sulfates, but under anaerobic

conditions, they are converted to volatile organic sulfides or to H2S, leading

to a bad odor. Some compounds like carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide,

methyl mercaptum, diethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide

might also lead to bad odors.

• Moisture: Optimum 50 to 60%, very high moisture content will result

anaerobic condition. Higher moisture content is essential for mechanical

operated system and the waste contains high percentage of fibrous material.

• Particle size: Smaller particles produce homogenous particle size which

helps to maintain optimum temperatures. But too fine particle may not

allow air to flow into the piles.

• Oxygen and aeration: In case of aerobic process, helps to decompose the

organic matter at a faster rate. However, care must be taken not to provide

more oxygen which might dry the system and slow down the composting

process.

Compost Quality

The high organic content in the MSW stream is ideal for composting. However, the

MSW also contains increasing quantities of glass, plastics, metals and hazardous

materials which can contaminate the finished compost.

Exhibit 24 : Specifications for Compost Quality

Sl. No Parameters Concentration not to exceed * (mg/kg dry basis ,

except pH value and C/N ratio)

1 Arsenic 10.0

2 Cadmium 5.0

3 Chromium 50.0

4 Copper 300.0

5 Lead 100.0

6 Mercury 0.15

7 Nickel 50.0

8 Zinc 1000.0

9 C/N ratio 20-40

10 pH 5.5-8.5


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Separating contaminants from the raw material at the compost site is inefficient as it

is likely that much of the contamination has already affected the organic fraction.

Source separating the waste before collection is usually an environmentally and

technically better way to improve the quality of the final compost. In addition to

ensuring a safe product, compost standards provide a valuable marketing tool.

Marketing Compost

The quality of compost produced from source segregated organic waste is generally

better than that of compost produced from mechanically separated MSW and of that

produced from mixed MSW (without any separation). Grinding of MSW should be

avoided as it can mask the presence of hazardous material and make it impossible for

their removal after the composting is done. In the absence of wase segregation at

source, there is possibility of the produced compost being contaminated by heavy

metals and toxic / hazardous substances etc. It is critical that compost so produced

be environmentally safe and if the compost is marketed for agriculture, it is ensured

through proper testing and certification that it is free from heavy metals, toxic

materials, sharp objects, glass, etc.

4.3.2 Vermi-Composting Technology

Vermi-composting is the best biotechnology to reduce the load on the treatment and

disposal of biodegradable agro waste. Vermi-composting is basically a managed

process of worms digesting organic matter to transform the material into a beneficial

soil amendment. Vermi-composting is faster than traditional composting methods,

requires less space, and creates little odor.

Earthworms consume various organic wastes and reduce the volume by 40–60%.

Each earthworm weighs about 0.5 to 0.6 g, eats waste equivalent to its body weight

and produces cast equivalent to about 50% of the waste it consumes in a day. These

worm castings have been analyzed for chemical and biological properties. The

moisture content of castings ranges between 32 and 66% and the pH is around 7.0.

Process

The process of composting bio-degradable wastes using earthworms comprise

spreading the wastes and cow dung in gradually built up shallow layers. The pits are


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kept shallow to avoid heat built-up that could kill earthworms. To enable earthworms

to transform the material relatively faster a temperature of around 300C is

maintained.

The final product generated by this process is called vermi-compost which essentially

consist of the casts made by earthworms eating the raw organic materials. Compared

to other composts, this has a finer texture, do a better job of enhancing the soil, have

typically higher levels of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous, and have more

microorganisms to fight diseases in plants. The process consists of constructing brick

lined beds generally of 0.9 to 1.5 m width and 0.25 to 0.3 m height are constructed

inside a shed open from all sides.

For commercial production, the beds can be prepared with 15 m length, 1.5 m width

and 0.6 m height spread equally below and above the ground. While the length of the

beds can be made as per convenience, the width and height cannot be increased as an

increased width affects the ease of operation and an increased height on conversion

rate due to heat built up.

Cow dung and waste can be placed in layers to make a heap of about 0.6 to 0.9 m

height. Earthworms are introduced in between the layers @ 350 worms per m3 of bed

volume that weighs nearly 1 Kg. The beds are maintained at about 40-50% moisture

content and a temperature of 200–300 C by sprinkling water over the beds.

(b) Waste to Energy

Energy can be recovered from the organic fraction of waste (biodegradable as well as

non-biodegradable)basically through two methods as follows:

a) Thermo-chemical conversion: This process entails thermal de-composition of

organic matter to produce either heat energy or fuel oil or gas; and

b) Bio-chemical conversion: This process is based on enzymatic decomposition

of organic matter by microbial action to produce methane gas or alcohol.

The Thermo-chemical conversion processes are useful for wastes containing high

percentage of organic non-biodegradable matter and low moisture content. The main

technological options under this category include Incineration and Pyrolysis/


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Gasification. The biochemical conversion processes, on the other hand, are preferred

for wastes having high percentage of organic bio-degradable (putrescible) matter and

high level of moisture/ water content, which aids microbial activity. The main

technological options under this category are Anaerobic Digestion, also referred to as

Bio-methanation.

4.3.3 Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Processing Technology

Due to the non-homogeneous property of MSW that usually causes problems in the

incinerator, the conversion of MSW into solid fuel, namely Refuse Derived Fuel

(RDF) is developed which is aimed at acquiring a stable, environmentally friendly

fuel that is easy to transport.

The RDF production process starts with the separation and sorting of MSW. This

operation removes recyclables, i.e. ferrous materials, glass, non-combustible or

potentially hazardous materials from the waste stream. The remaining combustible

material is an input for RDF production, by being crushed or grinded, then conveyed

to a flash dryer to remove excess moisture by steam or hot air, and finally be

compacted in form of pellets.

In some case, additive such as lime (CaO) shall be added during the pelletization

process to reduce pollutants in the combustion. The final product can be reduced to

5% of the original volume. RDF is a good fuel due to its high heating value from low

moisture content. It is easy to transport and causes lower emission such as NOx and

dioxins/furans compares to MSW direct combustion.

4.3.4 Bio-methanation

In this process, the organic fraction of wastes is segregated and fed to a closed

container (biogas digester) where, under anaerobic conditions, the organic wastes

undergo bio-degradation producing methane-rich biogas and effluent/sludge. The

biogas can be utilized either for cooking/ heating applications, or through dual fuel

or gas engines or gas / steam turbines for generating motive power or electricity. The

sludge from anaerobic digestion, after stabilization, can be used as a soil conditioner,

or even sold as manure depending upon its composition, which is determined mainly

by the composition of the input waste.


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The biogas normally consists of 60-70% of Methane and 30-40% of Carbon dioxide.

Biogas heating value is approximately 20-25 MJ/m3, which isequivalent to a half

kilogram of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Dried excess sludgefrom the biogas

digester can be made available as good organic compost/soil conditioner.

The important requirement for implementing this technology is that organic waste

must be separated from other wastes. Front-end sorting systems comprising sorting

belts, magnetic separators, and labors; as well as public campaign such as waste

separation shall cause higher investment cost to the project. With high percentage of

organic waste, the anaerobic digestion is appropriate treatment with broad

advantages such as preventing odor, producing energy in the form of biogas, getting

compost/soil conditioner as by-products, and helping reduce landfill volume

requirement.

4.3.5 Incineration

Incineration is an alternative solution in the waste disposal crisis when landfill space

is limited. It is the process of direct burning of wastes in the presence of excess air

(oxygen) at temperatures of about 8000 C and above, liberating heat energy, inert

gases and ash. Net energy yield depends upon the density and composition of the

waste; relative percentage of moisture and inert materials, which add to the heat

loss; ignition temperature; size and shape of the constituents; design of the

combustion system (fixed bed/ fluidized bed) etc. In practice, about 65 to 80 % of the

energy content of the organic matter can be recovered as heat energy, which can be

utilized either for direct thermal applications, or for producing power via steam

turbine-generators (with typical conversion efficiency of about 30%).

The combustion temperatures of conventional incinerators fuelled only by wastes are

about760°C in the furnace and in excess of 870°C in the secondary combustion

chamber. These temperatures are needed to avoid odor from incomplete combustion

but are insufficient to burn or even melt glass. To avoid the deficiencies of

conventional incinerators, some modern incinerators utilize higher temperatures of

up to 1650°C using supplementary fuel. These reduce waste volume by 97% and

convert metal and glass to ash. Combustion technologies used for MSW are stoker-

fired incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, and rotary kiln incinerator. Each


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technology is suitable for converting waste to energy but with different advantages

and disadvantages. Heat from the combustion process is used to turn water into

steam that will be routed to a steam turbine-generator for power generation. The

used steam is then condensed in condenser and routed back to the boiler.

Residues produced include bottom ash (which falls to the bottom of the combustion

chamber), fly ash (which exits the combustion chamber with the flue gas), and

residue(including fly ash) from the flue gas cleaning system. Common incineration

plants comprise of the following functional units:

• Waste reception, Storage and pretreatment

• Feed-stock and combustor

• Slag extraction / treatment of residuals / storage

• Boiler / steam usage

• Flue gas cleaning & Chimney

Wastes burned solely for volume reduction may not need any auxiliary fuel except for

startup. When the objective is steam production, supplementary fuel may have to be

used with the pulverized refuse, because of the variable energy content of the waste

or in the event that the quantity of waste available is insufficient.

While incineration is extensively used as an important method of waste disposal, it is

associated with some polluting discharges which are of environmental concern,

although in varying degrees of severity. The major environmental concern of

incinerator is stack pollutants formed during combustion comprising particulates,

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx),Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), metals,

Hydrogen chloride (HCl), Dioxins and Furans.

Emission control system and equipments are necessary to meet the stringent

ambient air quality requirements such as dust collector, combustion temperature

and retention time control, lime and ammonia scrubber (with or without catalyst

reactor),activated carbon absorber etc. With proper equipments, emissions including

Dioxins and Furans can be reduced to comply with the stringent emission standards.

when the operating temperature is maintained to more than1100°c


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4.3.6 Pyrolysis / Gasification

Pyrolysis is also referred to as destructive distillation or carbonization. It is the

process of thermal decomposition of organic matter at high temperature (about

9000C) in an inert(oxygen deficient) atmosphere or vacuum, producing a mixture of

combustible Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Hydrogen, Ethane [CO, CH4, H2, C2H6]

and non-combustible Carbon Dioxide, water, Nitrogen [CO2, H2O, N2] gases,

pyroligenous liquid, chemicals and charcoal. The pyroligenous liquid has high heat

value and is a feasible substitute of industrial fuel oil. Amount of each end-product

depends on the chemical composition of the organic matter and operating

conditions. Quantity and chemical composition of each product changes with

Pyrolysis temperature, residence time, pressure, feed stock and other variables.

Gasification involves thermal decomposition of organic matter at high temperatures

in presence of limited amounts of air/ oxygen, producing mainly a mixture of

combustible and non-combustible gas (Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen and Carbon

Dioxide). This process is similar to Pyrolysis, involving some secondary/ different

high temperature (>1000o C)chemistry which improves the heating value of gaseous

output and increases the gaseous yield (mainly combustible gases CO+H2) and lesser

quantity of other residues. The gas can be cooled, cleaned and then utilized in IC

engines to generate electricity.

Electricity Generation

Electricity can be generated for on-site or for distribution through the local electric

power grid. Internal combustion engines (ICs) and Gas turbines are the most

commonly used in power generation projects.

Environmental Pollution Control Measures for WTE Plants

Incinerators burning MSW can produce a number of pollutants in the flue gas in

varying concentration like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter

containing heavy metal compounds and dioxins. Many of these pollutants are formed

as a result of incomplete/ partial combustion. That is, refuse that is not burned at

high enough temperatures, for long enough or when too much or too little air has

been added to the fire. The generation of these pollutants and their release into the

atmosphere can be effectively reduced or prevented by incorporating a number of air


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pollution control devices and by proper operation of the WTE facility.

Concentrations of heavy metals in particulates, particularly lead, zinc, mercury and

cadmium, may be significant and care must be exercised in their removal and

disposal. The most important of flue gas pollutants are sulphur-di-oxide (SO2) and

hydrogen chloride (HCl), the agents of acid rain. These may be eliminated by wet

scrubbers. Hydrogen fluoride and oxides of nitrogen are also produced but are not

normally a problem because of low concentrations.

The emission of combustible, carbon-containing pollutants- dioxins and furans, is

also of concern. The same can be controlled by optimizing the combustion process.

Other concerns related to incineration include the disposal of the liquid wastes from

floor drainage, quench water, and scrubber effluents, and the problem of ash

disposal in landfills because of heavy metal residues.

4. 4 Plastic Waste Management

Plastics are non-biodegradable, synthetic polymers can be molded into finished

products. There are two types of plastics, recyclable and non-recyclable plastics. It is

a fact that plastics will never degrade and remains on landscape for several years.

Mostly, plastics are recyclable but recycled products are more hazardous to the

environment than the virgin products.

As per BIS Classification, there are seven types of plastics and these are further

categorized as

(i) Recyclable Plastics (Thermoplastics): PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PVC, PS, etc.

(ii) Non-Recyclable Plastics (Thermo set& others): Multilayer & Laminated

Plastics, PUF, Bakelite, Polycarbonate, Melamine, Nylon etc.

The Thermoplastics, constitutes 80% and Thermo set constitutes approximately 20%

of total post consumer plastics waste generated. The plastic materials are categorized

in seven types based on properties and applications.


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Exhibit 25 : Categorization of Plastics

Symbol Short Name

Scientific Name Used in

PET Polyethylene Terephthalata

Water bottles, PET bottles etc

HDPE

High Density Polyethylene

Milk / detergent bags, carry bags, container etc.

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride Cables, Pipes Flooring etc

LDPE Low Density Polyethylene Carry bags, films

PP Polypropylene

Medicine bottles, cereal liners, packaging films etc

PS Polystyrene

Foam packaging, tea cups, ice cream cups etc

O Others

Thermoset plastics, multi-layer and laminated plastics, PUF, Bakelite, Polycarbonate, Melamine, Nylon etc.

Salient Features of the Plastic Waste Management Rules,

2011

• The plastic carry bags used for the purpose of carrying or dispensing

commodities but don’t include these bags which are integral part of

packaged products. The thickness of bag shall not be <40μ;

• Carry bags can also be made from compostable plastics conforming

IS/ISO:17088:2008

• Prescribed Authority for registration, manufacture & recycling shall be State

Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or Pollution Control Committee (PCC). And

for enforcement of Rules relating to use, collection, segregation,

transportation & disposal of plastic waste, shall be concerned Municipal

Authority

• Multilayered pouches or sachets used for packaging of gutkha etc. shall not

use plastic material in any form

• No carry bag shall be made available free of cost by retailers to consumers.

The concerned Municipal Authority may be notification determine the

minimum price for carry bags in order to encourage re-use so as to minimize

plastic waste generation;

• Each State Government shall for constitute a State Level Advisory (SLA)


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Body to monitor implementation of Rules. This body shall meet once in a

year and may invite experts, if it considers necessary.

• The Plastic Waste Management (PWM) shall be as under;

a) recycling, recovery or disposal of plastic waste shall be carried out as

per the rules, regulations and standards stipulated by the central

government from time to time;

b) recycling of plastics shall be carried out in accordance with the Indian

Standard IS 14534:1998 titled as Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics, as

amended from time to time;

c) the Municipal Authority shall be responsible for setting up,

operationalization and co-ordination of the waste management system

and for performing the associated functions, namely:- (i) to ensure safe

collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal

of plastic waste; (ii) to ensure that no damage is caused to the

environment during this process; (iii) to ensure setting up of collection

centre’s for plastic waste involving manufacturers; (iv) to ensure its

channelization to recyclers; (v) to create awareness among all

stakeholders about their responsibilities; (vi) to engage agencies or

groups working in waste management including waste pickers, and (vii)

to ensure that open burning of plastic waste is not permitted;

d) for setting up plastic waste collection centre’s, the Municipal Authority

may ask the manufacturers, either collectively or individually in line

with the principle of Extended Producer's Responsibility (EPR) to

provide the required finance to establish such collection centre;

e) recyclers shall ensure that recycling facilities are in accordance with the

Indian Standard: IS 14534:194 titled as Guidelines for Recycling of

Plastics and in compliance with the rules under the Environment

(Protection) Ad, 1986, as amended from time to time;

f) the concerned Municipal Authority shall ensure that the residues

generated from recycling processes are disposed of in compliance with

Schedule II (Management of Municipal Solid Wastes) and Schedule III

(Specifications for Landfill Sites) of the Municipal Solid Wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 made under the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, as amended from time to time;


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g) the Municipal Authority shall incorporate the said rules in the

Municipal Bye- laws of all the Urban Local Bodies;

h) the Municipal Authority shall encourage the use of plastic waste by

adopting suitable technology such as in Road Construction, Co-

incineration etc. The Municipal Authority or the operator intending to

use such technology shall ensure the compliance with the prescribed

standards including pollution norms prescribed by the Competent

Authority in this regard.

Technological Disposal Options

The selection of appropriate technology for plastic waste disposal and its processes

for the management of plastic wastes are available in literature. Several processes

and technologies have been explored and developed for plastic waste management.

Some of these are:

• Chemical recycling of pet bottles into fibers

• Processing of plastic waste in Blast Furnace

• Co-incineration of plastic waste in cement kilns

• Utilization of plastic waste in road construction with bitumen

• Plasma Pyrolysis Technology for disposal of plastic waste and

• Gasification

• Plastic Extrusion &Pelletisation

(i) Chemical recycling of pet bottles into fibers

This method of plastic recycling, involves the breaking down of polymer chain in to

their basic components, which can then be used in various industries. The feedstock

plastic recycling process is flexible and more forbearing to the plastic additives, as

compared to the mechanical plastic recycling. This is the most costly method of

recycling. The varying end products are obtained by using following process:

Monomerization: The waste plastics are initially broken down into their constituent

monomers by chemical reaction (depolymerization). These monomers are then

extracted for use as the raw material in new plastic products. Monomerization

produces higher quality plastic raw materials than material recycling. Which in turn

enables the production of high quality plastic products with the same (or almost the


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same) quality as virgin raw material. Among other products, this enables the

recycling of waste PET bottles into new PET bottles, which is not possible with other

recycling technologies. About 50% recovery is possible along with clean and single

resin plastic waste as input is required17.

(ii) Processing of plastic waste in Blast Furnace

Plastic waste can be co-incinerated as fuel in the iron and steel industry. This will

reduce coal consumption and hence in reduction in the consumption of energy. The

proportion of waste plastic added to coal should be about 1% by mass. Increased

addition of waste plastic will reduce the heating strength of the coal/coke.

In this process, the collected and baled plastic waste that has been agglomerated by

pre-treatment is mixed together with coal and charged into coke oven. The mixed

plastic waste and coal are carbonized in an oxygen-free reducing atmosphere at

about 1,100 to 1,2000C. As a result, the waste plastic is thermally decomposed into

coke (about 20%), tar/light oil (about 40%) and coke oven gas (about40%). These

products obtained by the carbonization of waste plastics have their own uses. When

plastics are used together with coke, CO2 emission is significantly less. The excessive

reducing gases are also used for blast furnace stove and power generation.

Blast Furnace: Plastics waste can be used as an alternative raw material in blast

furnaces to generate energy for manufacturing of iron. Plastic waste can be

successfully used as a reducing agent in blast furnaces for the manufacturing of iron

from its ore. Use of coke in blast furnace provides only one type of reducing agent-

carbon Monoxide. In contrast, use of plastic waste provides one additional type of

reducing agent – Hydrogen. Advantage of this process includes use of all types of

plastics including laminated plastics without creating any environmental pollution.

The high temperature inside the blast furnace around 20000Censures that there is no

possibility of any dioxins formation even if PVC is processed. Furthermore, as the

reducing atmosphere in the low- temperature region at the top of the furnace

contains no oxygen, no dioxins are produced or re-synthesized in the lower

temperature zone also.

The plastics waste is first formed into suitable size either by crushing or pellatising as


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necessary, and subsequently injected into the blast furnace from the tuyeres at the

base of the furnace with hot air. The injected plastic waste material is broken down to

form reducer gas- Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen (H2). The reducer gas rises

through the raw material layers in the blast furnace and reacts with iron ore to

produce pig iron. The gas, after the reduction reaction, is recovered at the top of the

blast furnace which has energy content to the tune of 800 kcal/NM3and is reused as a

fuel gas in heating furnaces within the steel plant. The reactions involved in the

process are:

i) In the presence of Coke only

Coke or pulverized coal is burnt rapidly in the first stage of operation when, in the

presence of oxygen, carbon-dioxide is produced.

C + O2 = CO2

the reaction of freshly produced carbon-dioxide with the coke.

C + CO2 = 2CO

The carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore into pig iron.

Fe2O3 + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO2

ii) In the presence of Plastic Waste along with Coke

Plastics materials break down to CO and Hydrogen. This presence of hydrogen,

produced by burning of plastics, contributes to the reduction reaction thus reducing

the amount of CO2generated by coke.

½ C2H4 + CO2 = 2CO + H2

Fe2O3 + 2CO + H2 = 2Fe + 2CO2 + H2O

The blast furnace temperature reaches up to around 20000C. Plastics may replace

coke or coal for the reduction reaction. However, coke has a special function in the

blast furnace in moving the gases, liquids and solids within the blast furnace. Plastics

and pulverized coal cannot perform this specific function and hence the substitution

of coke is possible only up to a certain limit, which has been established at

approximately 40% (compared to coke).

As cost of waste plastics is less than coke, use of plastics waste reduces the raw

material cost. Use of plastics waste also reduces the ash generation, ensuring cleaner


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operation.

There are varieties of low-end plastics waste, whose cost is lower than coke. Basically,

these low-end create waste management problems as the waste pickers find it

unviable to pick up those for normal mechanical recycling. With the utilization of all

types of low-end plastics waste in the blast furnace, the waste management problems

can be solved to a great extent. When plastics are used together with coke, CO2

emission is significantly less(30%) than when only using coke. Furthermore the blast

furnace slag can be used as cement and road material. Also the excessive reducing

gases are also used for blast furnace stove and power generation.

(iii) Co-incineration of Plastics Waste in Cement Kilns

Co-incineration refers to the usage of waste materials as alternative fuels to recover

energy and material value from them. The temperature in the cement kiln process is

about 14000C.Excess level of oxygen and counter flow operation with the flue gases

moving in a direction opposite to the materials lends a high degree of turbulence to

the process. The presence of an alkaline reducing environment (lime) and the pre-

heating of the raw materials by a pre-heater tower (>100 meter tall) acts as an ideal

scrubber for hot flue gases before they are emitted into the atmosphere. The 3Ts-

Time, Temperature and Turbulence in cement kilns provides extremely high

destruction removal efficiency (DRE) for the plastic wastes.

Co-incineration leaves no residue as the incombustible, inorganic content of the

waste materials are incorporated in the clinker matrix. Therefore, after the waste is

co-incinerated, it becomes a part of the product. Co-incineration ranks higher on the

waste disposal hierarchy and eliminates the need for landfills and incineration.

(iv) Utilization of plastic waste in road construction

The process of road laying using waste plastics is designed and the technique is being

implemented successfully for the construction of flexible roads at various places in

India.

Plastics waste ( bags, cups , thermocole) made out of PE, PP and PS cut into a size

between 1.18 mm and 4.36mm using shredding machine, (PVC waste should be


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eliminated). The aggregate mix is heated to 1650c (as per the HRS specification) and

transferred to mixing chamber. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated up to a

maximum of 1600c(HRS Specification) to have good binding and to prevent weak

bonding. (Monitoring the temperature is very important). At the mixing chamber,

the shredded plastics waste is to be added over the hot aggregate. It gets coated

uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 45 secs, giving an look of oily coated

aggregate. The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the

resulted mix is used for road construction. The road laying temperature is between

1100c to 1200c. The roller used is 8-ton capacity

(v) Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT)

Plasma pyrolysis is a state of the art technology, which integrates the thermo-

chemical properties of plasma with the pyrolysis process. The intense and versatile

heat generation capabilities of Plasma Pyrolysis technology enable it to dispose of all

types of plastic waste including polymeric, biomedical and hazardous waste in a safe

and reliable manner. Plasma Pyrolysis is the thermal disintegration of carbonaceous

material in oxygen-starved atmosphere. When optimized, the most likely compounds

formed are methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon dioxide and water

molecules.

In Plasma Pyrolysis, the plastics waste is fed in to primary chamber at 8500C through

a feeder. The waste material dissociates into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane,

higher hydrocarbons etc. Induced draft fan drains the pyrolysis gases as well as

plastic waste into the secondary chamber where these gases are combusted in the

presence of excess air. The inflammable gases are ignited with high voltage spark.

The secondary chamber temperature is maintained at 10500C. The hydrocarbon, CO

and hydrogen are combusted into safe carbon dioxide and water. The process

conditions are maintained such that it eliminates the possibility of formation of toxic

dioxins and furans molecules (in case of chlorinated waste). The conversion of

organic waste into non toxic gases (CO2, H2O) is more than 99%. The extreme

conditions of plasma kill stable bacteria such as bacillus sterio-thermophilus and

bacillus subtilis immediately. Segregation of waste is not necessary, as the very high

temperatures ensure treatment of all types of waste without discrimination.


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(vi) Gasification

Gasification is a recycling method where waste plastics are processed into gases such

as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride. These gases are then used as

the chemical raw material for the production of chemicals such as methanol and

ammonia. Almost all types of plastics, including those containing chlorine, can be

recycled under the gasification method. This method is therefore suitable for

miscellaneous plastics or plastics that are hard to sort.

In this process, the long polymer chains are broken down into small molecules, for

example, into synthesis gas. The process may be fixed bed or fluidized bed

gasification. In the fluidized process sand is heated to 600~8000C at first- stage low

temperature gasification furnace and plastic introduced into the furnace. Waste

plastic break down on contact with the sand to form hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide

and hydrogen. The gas from the low-stage with a steam at a temperature of

1.300~1,5000C to produce a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and

hydrogen.

At the furnace outlet, the gas is rapidly cooled to below2000C to prevent the

formation of dioxins. The gas then passes through a gas scrubber, and any remaining

hydrogen chloride is neutralized by alkalis and removed from synthetic gas. Slag is

produced as a by-product, which can be utilized as raw material for civil engineering

works and construction materials. There are problems in controlling the combustion

temperature and the quantity of unburned gases.

(vii) Plastic Extrusion &Pelletisation

The main goal for developing green recycling of waste plastic was to design an

extruder, which would have “Zero Significant Adverse Environmental Impact”. This

has been achieved by assigning right motor of minimum capacity, selecting optimum

L/D ratio, heat sealing and right temperature for the processes and trapping all the

emission in pollution control gadget and treating the pollutants to produce

byproducts. The Extrusion &Pelletisation processes have been redesigned to make

the pollution from the process to a minimum level and as a result to enhance the


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efficiency of the process.

4. 5 E-Waste Management

Electronic waste (e-waste) comprises waste electronics/electrical goods that are not

fit for their originally intended use or have reached their end of life. This may include

items such as computers, servers, mainframes, monitors, CDs, printers, scanners,

copiers, calculators, fax machines, battery cells, cellular phones, transceivers, TVs,

medical apparatus and electronic components besides white goods such as

refrigerators and air-conditioners. E-waste contains valuable materials such as

copper, silver, gold and platinum which could be processed for their recovery.

E-waste is not hazardous per se. However, the hazardous constituents present in the

e-waste render it hazardous when such wastes are dismantled and processed, since it

is only at this stage that they pose hazard to health and environment. Electronics and

electrical equipment seem efficient and environmentally-friendly, but there are

hidden dangers associated with them once these become e-waste. The harmful

materials contained in electronics products, coupled with the fast rate at which we’re

replacing outdated units, pose a real danger to human health if electronics products

are not properly processed prior to disposal.

Electronics products like computers and cell phones contain a lot of different toxins.

For example, cathode ray tubes (CRTs) of computer monitors contain heavy metals

such as lead, barium and cadmium, which can be very harmful to health if they enter

the water system. These materials can cause damage to the human nervous and

respiratory systems. Flame-retardant plastics, used in electronics casings, release

particles that can damage human endocrine functions. These are the types of things

that can happen when unprocessed e-waste is put directly in landfill.

Components of e-waste management

The major components of e-waste management are:

• e-waste collection, sorting and transportation

• e-waste recycling; it involves dismantling, recovery of valuable resource,

sale of dismantled parts and export of processed waste for precious metal

recovery.


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Exhibit 26 : Processing Technology for E-Waste

The first step in e-waste processing is primary inspection and dismantling where

parts and components that can be refurbished are put back in the market for reuse.

The rejects from the television sets are the cathode ray tubes which are sent to the

CRT recycling plants. The other rejects are generally of three types – plastic wastes,

circuit boards and waste cables. Plastic waste is sent to a plastic granulator to

generate sorted plastic mixture. Circuit boards are crushed and separated to generate

sorted plastic mixture. Waste cables are sent to a cable recycling plant to generate

non-ferrous plastic and rubber. Residue from all these processes goes to the disposal

facility. Setting up of e- waste processing plant is feasible when there is a reasonably

high volume of waste coming in where the money generated from refurbishing can

pay for the treatment of the rejects.


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4. 6 Construction & Demolition (C & D) Waste Management

General classification of C&D waste

The efficiency and viability of C&D waste recycling depends very much on the purity

of the recycled materials. Therefore, segregation at source and segregation at the

processing site is one of the keys to success.

a) Non-mineral construction materials: Manual or mechanical segregation for

• Material recovery (metals, glass, plastics, paper & cardboards, cables)

• Production of RDF (wood, plastics, paper & cardboards, floor covers,

paints)

• Hazardous waste treatment plants (floor covers, paints)

b) Mineral construction materials:

• Segregation of materials for material recovery, combustibles and

hazardous materials

• Processing of mineral materials for processing the different types of

materials separately

• Depending on the material, the consistence and the particle size it can be

used as

− Base layer in road construction

− Insulation and backfilling material for urban channel and pipeline

construction

− Aggregates for asphalt road construction

− Aggregates for concrete bricks and other concrete works

− Material for vegetation layer as a porous bottom substrate

− Fine sands can be used as filling material in the brick production

c) Road construction materials:

• Usually, is extracted as single material

• Can be added to the asphalt or concrete processing without much effort

• Can be crushed directly on-site by a mobile processing unit to

− Reuse it directly on-site

− Reduce transportation costs


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d) Excavation materials:

• Approx. 70% can be reused directly on-site without further processing

• Approx. 30% has to be processed (as mineral materials)

Processing and Recycling

The entire process will be carried out into two stages i.e., Primary and Secondary

Station.

• In the primary processing unit the recyclables - such as metals, glass,

cables, plastics, paper etc. – are segregated from the non-mineral

construction materials and the mixed C&D waste.

• Moreover, in the primary processing unit the combustibles - such as wood,

plastics, paper, etc. – are segregated from the non-mineral construction

materials and the mixed C&D waste.

• In the secondary processing unit the mostly mineral construction materials

– including the heavy inert fraction from the primary processing unit – is

processed to recycling (RC) materials of different categories (Cat. I – III).

• Hazardous materials are segregated throughout the whole process and

stored separately.

Disposal

• Fine organics of no further use can be utilized as a sealing layer at a

sanitary landfill.

• Hazardous materials should be disposed at a hazardous waste landfill or

should be treated in a hazardous waste thermal treatment plant.

4. 7 Sanitary Waste Management

At 12%, India has one of the lowest sanitary napkin usage figures in the world. Most

Indian women use cloth pads and some still use traditional local methods many of

which are uncomfortable, insanitary and in some cases actually dangerous to women.

The gravity of this situation has been recognized and government at both central and

state levels is actively working to manufacture and distribute low-cost sanitary pads.

Paradoxically, this gives rise to another related issue that is equally demanding of our

attention: the safe and sanitary disposal of sanitary napkins and the occupational

health of those who handle waste. The volume of soiled pads disposed is only going


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to increase in the near future. At every level, from the larger environmental impact to

the impact on an individual’s health, this is an issue that needs serious and urgent

attention.

Environmental implications of sanitary pad disposal

The materials used to manufacture most pads are derived from the petroleum

industry and forestry. The absorbent core, made from chlorine bleached wood/cotton

pulp, could be reduced to make slimmer products with the addition of polyacrylate

gel which sucks up the liquid quickly and holds it in a suspension under pressure.

The remaining materials are mostly derived from the petroleum industry, the cover

stock used is polypropylene non-woven, with the leak-proof barrier made from

polyethylene film. Over 90% of a sanitary pad is made of crude oil plastic; the rest is

made from chlorine-bleached wood/cotton pulp. The problems with these materials

are that they are neither biodegradable nor recyclable, so disposal issues are created

worldwide.

Menstrual Waste Management Laws in India

There are no concrete laws in place for menstrual waste management in India. It is

treated as reject waste and one possible categorization under sanitary waste is it

being treated as bio-medical waste. The following are the laws relating to menstrual

waste management:

Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998

• Under this law, waste containing blood, body fluids or faeces should be

regarded as bio-medical waste. Strictly speaking, such interpretation requires

the assumption that the process of collecting menstrual fluids takes place in

the course of ‘treatment’ of human beings.

• All bio-medical waste is required to be collected, stored, transported and

processed separately and exclusively in Bio Medical Waste treatment

Facilities. Bio-Medical waste should be properly marked in distinctive

packaging and given the presence of chlorinated wood pulp and plastics,

menstrual hygiene waste has to be autoclaved (sterilized under high pressure

using steam), micro-waved (disinfecting through moist heat generated by

microwaves) or burnt in approved and registered bio-medical incinerators.


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• Obviously, the treatment of menstrual hygiene waste as biomedical waste

faces opposition from municipalities due to the sheer volume (an estimated

5% of all MSW) and complex logistics associated with separate handling of

this stream of waste.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Rules (2000)

• The existing MSW Rules contain no provisions relating to Sanitary Waste.

• However, these rules are currently under revision, and the latest draft has

provisions for dealing with sanitary waste as a separate waste stream, only to

the extent of separate packaging at source of generation and thereafter

inclusion in dry/ non-biodegradable category of waste.

Best practices for waste collection and disposal

Disposal bags for collection

The recycled newspaper may be used to prepare disposal bags with a string attached

to it to ensure that the contents do not spill out into the general waste that is sorted

through manually by waste pickers looking to salvage recyclables. Waste pickers can

easily identify these bags due to the label on them and this also helps channel this

waste into a different stream.

Notwithstanding the problematic categorization of menstrual hygiene waste, it is

imperative to:

1. prohibit the incineration of menstrual hygiene waste where the product

contains chlorinated wood pulp and plastic.

2. prohibit flushing of menstrual hygiene waste down the toilets as they lead to

clogging sewers.

Source segregation, sterilization by autoclaving/microwaving, followed by recycling

and composting of the various layers are recommended as the best practices.


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4. 8 Sanitary Landfill

Municipal waste contains 40% to 55% of the inert matter depending upon the type of

city and ongoing infrastructure development activity. This inert material cannot be

converted into any useful product and needs to be managed in the scientific and

hygienic manner in order to prevent pollution of underground water reservoirs or

surface sources in the vicinity of the town. Therefore, the residuals / unutilized /

inerts from the waste processing facilities like compost / waste-to-energy plants are

put into the scientifically engineered landfills to prevent environmental pollution.

The MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 makes it mandatory for each of

the municipal authorities to set up an engineered landfill for the disposal of waste. It

directs as follows.

• Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and

other wastes which are not suitable for recycling and for biological

processing.

• Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing

facilities as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities.

The term ‘landfill’ is used to describe a unit operation for final disposal of ‘MSW on

land, designed and constructed with the objective of minimum impact to the

environment by incorporating eight essential components as described by CPHEEO

Manual, 2000. This term encompasses other terms such as ‘secured landfill’ and

‘engineered landfills’ which are also sometimes applied to MSW disposal units. The

term ‘landfill’ can be treated as synonymous to ‘sanitary landfill’ of MSW, only if the

latter is designed on the principle of waste containment and is characterized by the

presence of a liner and leachate collection system to prevent ground water

contamination. The non-biodegradable inert waste and rejects from the Processing

Plant will be disposed in a scientifically engineered landfill as per the MSW

(Management and Handling) Rules,2000.

(i) Guidelines for Sanitary landfill

The MSW (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 mandate that each municipal

authority shall set up an engineered landfill for the disposal of waste. It directs as

follows.


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• Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other

wastes which are not suitable for recycling and for biological processing.

• Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities

as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities.

• The landfill site shall be large enough to last for 20-25 years.

• A buffer zone of no-development shall be maintained around landfill site and

shall be incorporated in the Town Planning Department’s land-use plans.

• Wastes subjected to land filling shall be compacted in thin layers using landfill

compactors to achieve high density of the wastes. In high rainfall areas where

heavy compactors cannot be used alternative measures shall be adopted.

• Wastes shall be covered immediately or at the end of each working day with

minimum 10 cm of soil, inert debris or construction material till such time

waste processing facilities for composting or recycling or energy recovery are

set up as per Schedule I.

• Prior to the commencement of monsoon season, an intermediate cover of 40-

65 cm thickness of soil shall be placed on the landfill with proper compaction

and grading to prevent infiltration during monsoon. Proper drainage berms

shall be constructed to divert run-off away from the active cell of the landfill.

• After completion of landfill, a final cover shall be designed to minimize

infiltration and erosion. The final cover shall meet the following specifications,

namely :--

a) The final cover shall have a barrier soil layer comprising of 60 cms of clay

or amended soil with permeability coefficient less that 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.

b) On top of the barrier soil layer there shall be a drainage layer of 15 cm.

c) On top of the drainage layer there shall be a vegetative layer of 45 cm to

support natural plant growth and to minimize erosion.

(ii) Design Requirements & Standards

The seven essential components of a MSW landfill include:

a) A liner system at the base and sides of the landfill which prevents migration

of leachate or gas to the surrounding soil.

b) A leachate collection and control facility which collects and extracts leachate

from within and from the base of the landfill and then treats the leachate.

c) A gas collection and control facility (optional for small landfills) which


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collects and extracts gas from within and from the top of the landfill and

then treats it or uses it for energy recovery.

d) A final cover system at the top of the landfill which enhances surface

drainage, prevents infiltrating water and supports surface vegetation.

e) A surface water drainage system which collects and removes all surface run

off from the landfill site.

f) An environmental monitoring system which periodically collects and

analyses air, surface water, soil-gas and ground water samples around the

landfill site.

g) A closure and post-closure plan which lists the steps that must be taken to

close and secure a landfill site once the filling operation has been completed

and the activities for long-term monitoring, operation and maintenance of

the completed landfill.

(iii) Design Requirements

(a) Earth Work

The design of the layout is made in such a way that all planned areas have sufficient

inclination to guarantee an unhindered run off of leachate and storm water. The

design of the landfill has to be prepared in such a manner, that the amount of cut and

fills are finally in a balance. Required cover material need to be considered and has to

be made available. Filling and compacting must be carried out in layers of up to 40

cm maximum.

(b) Base Sealing System

Basic Elements: The sealing system has to fulfil the guidelines and technical

requirements as defined in the EIA and in the MSW Rules, 2000.

Mineral Sealing Layer: The mineral sealing layer of 900mm depth will be installed

in four layers of at least 225 mm thickness each. A suitable binding material (suitable

combination of coarse and fine particles) should be used. This material must be

installed during favourable weather conditions. The following qualities are required:

• at least 10 mass-% of clay particles with a high adsorptive capacity,

• maximum 5 mass-% of organic substances and


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• maximum 15 mass-% of carbonate.

A permeability of the mineral sealing layer of kf ≤ 1 x 10-9 m/s has to be ensured. For

the material and its installation the following requirements must be considered:

• homogenous material that has a homogenous water content and

homogenous incorporation of the material,

• proctor density (DPR) of each layer of DPR ≥ 95 %, and

• Water content (w) must be higher than the proctor water content

(WPR).

Alternatively, Geo-synthetic clay liner and may also be used along with 600mm of

native soil as the mineral sealing layer.

HDPE Geo-Membrane: The second sealing liner will be a High-density

polyethylene (HDPE) geo-membrane with a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. The geo-

membrane can only be installed during favourable weather conditions. For the

constructing of the layer the following items have to be considered:

(i) Welding of the HDPE layer is only possible if the sun does not shine

directly on the HDPE layer in summer time (danger of blistering),

(ii) Water is not allowed on the landfill base of the HDPE layer,

(iii) Before work starts the way of placing has to be defined in a plan,

(iv) The placed HDPE layer must be fixed (e. g. sandbags),

(v) No equipment must drive on the welded HDPE layers (only the necessary

equipment for welding), and

(vi) Every welding seam has to be double checked (stability, density with

under pressure method, thickness, visual inspection).

Drainage (Leachate) Layer: A drainage layer, consisting of gravel with a grain

size of 16/32 mm will be applied to assist drainage of leachate. Gravel will consist of

uniform sizes and be washed to ensure a high permeability. Perforated HDPE

leachate collection pipes will be embedded in the drainage layer to further assist

leachate collection. Leachate will drain towards the leachate pond. The thickness of

the drainage layer will be at least 300 mm. The gravel has to fulfil the following

quality standards:


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Permeability kf≥ 1 x 10-3 m/s and b. maximum 20 mass-% of carbonate.

Geo-Textile – Protection Layer: For protection of the HDPE layer, a geo-textile must

be applied. A geo-textile material, which is needle-punched and non-woven, will be

used as a protection layer. For incorporation of the layer, the following items have to

be considered:

a) Weight of geo-textile ≥ 2000 g/m²,

b) Proof of stamp pushing through force,

c) Proof of strip tensile strength,

d) Static proof, and

e) Proof of stability and resistance to sliding during building and final state.

Laying of the geo-textile is carried out after acceptance of the layers laying

underneath. No vehicles must drive on the geo-textile no equipment or machines

should be stored on this layer. The position of the layer must be secured by

appropriate measures to prevent them from getting lifted up (e. g. sand bags).

Soil Layer: For protection of the Geo-textile layer, a soil layer of 300 mm thickness

must be applied. A suitable binding material (suitable combination of coarse and fine

particles) should be used. This material must be installed during favourable weather

conditions. The following qualities are required:

at least 10 mass-% of clay particles with a high adsorptive capacity,

maximum 5 mass-% of organic substances and

maximum 15 mass-% of carbonate.

(c) Top Sealing System

General: To avoid negative impact of the landfill body a surface sealing system has to

be installed after the filling of the landfill or parts of it (landfill cells) are completed.

The sealing system has to fulfill the guidelines and technical requirements as defined

in the EIA and in the MSW Rules, 2000. The surface sealing system has to fulfill the

following requirements:

• 300 mm compensation layer,

• Composite layer,

• 450 mm vegetative layer.


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After reaching the highest level of each construction phase, as final cover, the surface

sealing system has to be placed on top of the waste body. The surface sealing system

will be constructed with a maximum slope of 33 % in the embankment area.

Compensation Layer: After completing the waste filling, the waste surface will be re-

profiled according to the planned inclination of the surface sealing system. Above the

waste surface, the compensation layer made of a homogenous non-binding material

will be applied. The thickness of the layer will be 600 mm. The layer will be the

foundation for the mineral-sealing layer.

Composite Layer: The Composite layer will act as drainage and mineral sealing

layer. It consist of gravel with a grain size of 16/32 mm will be used for discharging

the rainwater and mineral sealing layer with a thickness of 600 mm (after

compaction).The composite layer of the surface has to fulfil the same quality

standards as the mineral sealing layer and drainage layer of the base.

Vegetative Layer: The Vegetative layer (topsoil) will be used for the final restoration

of the site. The re-cultivation layer will have a thickness of at least 450 mm.Plants

will be placed in accordance to the local flora as provided in the vicinity of the site. In

order to protect the sealing system, deep rooting plants must be avoided. The plants

have to protect the total sealing system against wind and water erosion and have to

minimise rain water infiltration.

(iv) Tests and Samples during Construction of the Sealing

Systems

The tests and samples during construction of the sealing system need to be agreed

with the Contracting Authority but it is likely that they will include the following

items.

Aptitude Test

The fundamental suitability (aptitude test) of the used materials provided for the

mineral base and surface sealing system must be proven before construction works

start. The suitability tests of the used mineral sealing material have to be approved by

laboratory tests and a test field. The following laboratory testing is required:


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(i) Grain-size distribution

(ii) Water content

(iii) Consistency of material

(iv) Water absorption of material

(v) Portion of organic materials

(vi) Portion of carbonate

(vii) Density

(viii) Proctor density

(ix) Water permeability

(x) Homogeneity

The suitability of the used drainage material has to be also approved by laboratory

tests. The following tests are required:

(i) Grain-size distribution

(ii) Content of organic materials

(iii) Content of carbonate

Test Field

Within a test field the suitability of the clay must be proven under the supposed site

conditions. These test fields are the basis for all conditions stipulated for later

application by an independent supervisor. Construction starts with 4 layers of 225

mm each and includes all above-mentioned laboratory tests and examinations

required for each layer by taking some samples. Visual tests have to be performed by

trial pits. The test fields have to be performed outside of the sealing areas.The results

from the test field (including the results of the laboratory tests) must be evaluated

and documented including the following statements with regard to the design of the

mineral sealing system:

(i) Compacting methods

(ii) Compacting equipment

(iii) Number of compacting transitions

(iv) Operation speed of compacting equipment

(v) Thickness of un-compacted layers (before compaction)

(vi) Type of homogenisation


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The test field must be at least 20 m in length, the minimum width must be 2 machine

widths plus the required ramps 1: 10 and the embankments 1: 5 as well as the

distance of acceleration and deceleration with driving tracks as wide as the

equipment, which are arranged alongside. The test fields should be located at the

bottom and embankment area of the landfill. They should represent the same slopes

as landfill. After the mineral sealing material has been tested, the application of the

other sealing compounds, protection layer and drainage layer will be tested in the

test field accordingly. This will be done for the base sealing as well as for the surface

sealing.

Quality Assurance during Construction Works

For the quality assurance during construction works the requirements are as follows:

(i) The mineral sealing layers must be built under weather conditions which

are in compliance with required conditions (water content, degree of

compression, coefficient of permeability; example: no construction during

heavy rain fall)

(ii) The top of each completed layer of the mineral sealing system must be

dewatered sufficiently. Shrinkage cracks must be avoided by taking

technical measures.

(iii) Soil lumps, which are bigger than 32 mm, shall not be used for

construction the mineral sealing.

(iv) The sealing material must be homogenous and show regular placement

water content. The layers must achieve a homogenous sealing mass. The

layers shall overlap.

(v) After completion of each compacted layer an acceptance test must be

carried out before starting the next layer.

(vi) During and after incorporation the following tests and checks must be

carried out especially for the mineral-sealing layer (for re-cultivation layer,

drainage layer and compensation layer the test has to be done similar):

(i) Density

(ii) Thickness of each layer

(iii) Flatness of each layer

(iv) Grain-size distribution

(v) Water content


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(vi) Consistency of material

(vii) Water absorption of material

(viii) Proctor density

(ix) Permeability

(x) Content of organic parts

(xi) Content of carbonate

These tests should be carried according a defined scheme. The size of testing area

should be 1000 m². The laboratory test for the aptitude test and the quality

assurance during construction works have to be carried out by a qualified geo-

technical institute.

Slope Stability Aspects and Seismic Aspects

The stability of a landfill should be checked for the following cases

(i) Stability of excavated slopes

(ii) Stability of liner system along excavated slopes

(iii) Stability of temporary waste slopes constructed to their full height (usually

at the end of a phase)

(iv) Stability of slopes of above -ground portion of completed landfills

(v) Stability of cover systems in above -ground landfills.

The stability analysis should be conducted using the following soil mechanics

methods depending upon the shape of the failure surface:

(a) failure surface parallel to slope;

(b) wedge method of analysis;

(c) method of slices for circular failure surface and

(d) special methods for stability of anchored geo-membranes along slopes.

In preliminary design of a landfill section, the following slopes may be adopted:

(i) Excavated soil slopes (2.5 Hor : 1 Vertical)

(ii) Temporary waste slopes (3.0 Hor : 1 Vertical)

(iii) Final cover slopes (4.0 Hor : 1 Vertical)

(iv) Slopes can be made steeper, if found stable by stability analysis results.

(v) Acceptable factors of safety may be taken as 1.3 for temporary slopes and


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1.5 for permanent slopes. In earthquake prone areas, the stability of all

landfill slopes will be conducted taking into account seismic coefficients as

recommended by BIS codes.

(v) Design of Environmental Monitoring System

The objective of an environmental monitoring system is

(i) to find out whether a landfill is performing as designed; and

(ii) to ensure that the landfill is conforming to the regulatory environmental

standards.

Monitoring at a landfill site is carried out in four zones:

(a) on and within the landfill;

(b) in the unsaturated subsurface zone (vadose zone) beneath and around the

landfill;

(c) in the groundwater (saturated) zone beneath and around the landfill and

(d) in the atmosphere/local air above and around the landfill.

The parameters to be monitored regularly are:

(i) leachate head within the landfill;

(ii) leachate and gas quality within the landfill;

(iii) long-term movements of the landfill cover;

(iv) quality of pore fluid and pore gas in the vadose zone;

(v) quality of groundwater in the saturated zones and

(vi) air quality above the landfill, at the gas control facilities, at buildings on or

near the landfill and along any preferential migration paths.

The frequency of monitoring will be so fixed that it is capable of detecting unusual

events and risks in the initial phases of their appearance so as to give time to

diagnose and localize the cause and enable early steps to be taken for containment or

remediation. Usually a monthly or a bimonthly monitoring frequency is considered

suitable during the operational phase of a landfill as well as for 3 to 4 years after

closure; this frequency can be decreased to 2-3 times a year in later years, if all

systems perform satisfactorily. The monitoring frequency may have to be increased if

higher concentrations than expected are detected, if control systems are changed or if


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drainage systems become clogged/non-functional. The frequency of monitoring may

also be increased during those periods in which gas generation or leachate

generation is higher, such as during the monsoon periods.

(vi)Closure and Post-Closure Maintenance Plan

Determination of the end-use of a landfill site is an essential part of the plan for

landfill closure and post-closure maintenance. Some possible uses of closed landfill

sites near urban centres include parks, recreational areas, golf courses, vehicle

parking areas and sometimes even commercial development. A closure and post-

closure plan for landfills involves the following components:

• Plan for vegetative stabilization of the final landfill cover

• Plan for management of surface water run-off with an effective drainage

system.

• Plan for periodical inspection and maintenance of landfill cover and

facilities.


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5. Design Criteria for SWM

5. 1 Population Growth & Waste Generation Projections

The approximate quantity of MSW generated is 5.41 TPD from a population of more

than 15,6oo distributed in 14 wards.

Exhibit 27 : Population & Waste Projections

Year Population

as per census

Projected Population by Population considered (Avg. of AP

& GP)

Waste Generation

(TPD) (@ 3% growth)

Arithmetic Progression

method

Geometric Progression

method

Incremental Increase method

1971 10,341

1981 13,228

1991 14,020

2001 14,962

2011 15,123

2017

15,840 15,404 16,050 15,765 5.41

2022

16,438 15,389 16,866 16,231 7.25

2027

17,036 15,146 17,723 16,635 9.25

2031

17,634 14,676 18,624 16,978 11.24

2036

18,112 14,136 19,378 17,209 14.35

2041

18,710 13,258 20,363 17,443 18.31

2046 19,307 12,152 21,398 17,619 23.37

5. 2 Strategy adopted for Action Plan

Segregation at Source

The fundamental prerequisite for planning the MSW Collection and Transport

system is that the waste collected and transported will be segregated at source and no

mixed waste handling will be permitted. Waste will therefore be segregated at source

into basic three types which is wet (organic) waste, dry (inorganic) waste and

sanitary waste.


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Command Areas

The town is divided into two command areas for implementing the city sanitation

and waste collection and transportation activities in Saligrama.

Exhibit 28 : Proposed Saligrama Command Areas

Exhibit 29 : Command Areas for Saligrama Town

Command Area No of wards

Command Area 1 1,2,3

Command Area 2 5,6,8,9

Command Area 3 4,7,10

Command Area 4 11,12,13,14

Destination bound Collection and Transportation

The wet and dry waste will be collected and transported to its specific destination.

Further the town will have its designated destinations, for each of the streams of

waste.

(i) Dry waste - Dry waste collection centres (DWCC)


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(ii) Wet waste – Conventional Composting

(iii) Sanitary waste – Collection Points / Sanitary waste processing units

The recyclables from the dry waste stream will be sold to recyclers or transported to

the regional Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) processing facility at Udupi and any inert

or post processing rejects are to be land filled at the assigned scientific landfill. .

5. 3 Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan

The efficiency of the proposed plan described below is driven by the segregation of

the waste at the source.

Residential and Commercial areas

• It is proposed to ban the littering of waste on the streets by introducing

segregation of waste at the source and storage of segregated waste i.e. wet and

dry in two different bins at the house hold level and at other generator areas.

• The wet and dry waste will be collected separately on a daily basis to dry waste

collection centre which has identified by ULB and wet waste transported to

processing site.

• The system of door to door collection through containerized Mini-tippers shall

be implemented in the city.

• The Mini-tippers shall unload the waste into tipper vehicle for transportation

to the processing facility.

Markets & Bulk Generators

• About 1.17 TPD of waste is generated by the bulk generators, meat stalls and

markets.

• The mini-tipper deployed for collection of waste from households shall also

collect and transport the waste from markets, bulk generators and meat stalls.

Street sweeping & Drain cleaning

• About 0.7 TPD of waste is generated from street sweeping and drain cleaning

activities.

• The mini-tipper truck of 3m3 deployed for collection of street sweeping waste


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will also transport the secondary waste.

Exhibit 30 : Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan

(i) Normative Standards for Collection and Transportation

Auto tipper:

• One Auto tipper shall be assigned for every 1000 households

• An Auto tipper shall collect waste from 500 households/trip thereby

having two trips/ day

• One driver with one helper shall be assigned per auto tipper.

• The Auto tipper shall be well maneuverable, diesel fuel 4 wheel auto

chassis, equipped with tipping hopper of capacity 1.8 cubic meter and

above, having lids which can be tipped using a hydraulic arrangement and

be adequate for direct transfer to the compactors.

• The vehicle should be suitable for moving in narrow lanes.

• The vehicle will be painted with enamel paint.

• The auto tippers shall meet with speed governor as per the existing RTO

regulation.


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(ii) Street Sweeping

• The roads need to be divided into three categories

High density roads - Type A : Daily sweeping

Medium density roads - Type B : Two days in a week

Low density roads - Type C : One day in a week

• Normative standard for staff requirement :2 persons with 1 push cart for

1000 mts running length on both sides in a day.

• Use the pushcarts for collection of waste and transport using the available

mini-tipper.

• The waste should be transported directly to landfill site.

• Cleaning of surface drains: collection of waste from clogged drains up to

0.6mt depth including removing of obstacles under the covered drains in

front of houses, removal of manhole silt from the road side, uprooting of

weeds alongside the road /street shall need to be undertaken by the street

sweepers.

5. 4 Proposed MSW Processing and Disposal Plan

The waste has a significant component of biodegradable waste which is about 55 to

60% of the total composition. The collected solid waste is presently stored at

identified locations before transportation to the disposal site at Udupi. There is a

need to establish a processing facility to process the waste adopting scientific and

environmental friendly methods where the useful components of waste are utilized

and only rejects and inert material are disposed in an environmentally acceptable

manner.


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Exhibit 31 : Proposed Processing & Disposal Plan

It is proposed to treat the biodegradable portion of the MSW from households using

aerobic windrow composting method. The RDF material and recyclables like plastics,

glass, paper, metals etc., shall be recovered. The rejects from the processing facilities

shall be sent to the Sanitary landfill. The inert material from street sweeping and

drain cleaning activities shall be used as covering material for the sanitary landfill.

5. 5 Compatibility between existing and proposed system

(i) Collection & Transportation Operations

The proposed collection and transportation plan has been prepared to suit the

existing conditions in the ULB and also to ensure the utilization of available assets.

Saligrama town is carrying out the primary collection activities using tractors and

auto-tippers and the collection system is not very efficient. Hence, auto-tippers with

compartments have been proposed for the primary collection system.

The proposed disposal site is located at about 10 kms from Saligrama and hence one

tipper vehicle has been proposed for secondary transportation of waste.

(ii) Processing & Disposal

The Saligrama town doesn't have a processing and disposal facility and the waste is

being transported to Udupi located at about 21 kms from Saligrama. The total

quantity of waste to be processed in about 10 TPD and the processing and disposal

plan comprising of compost processing plant and sanitary landfill facility has been

proposed for Saligrama.


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6. Proposed Collection & Transportation Plan

6. 1 Road / Street Sweeping

A schedule of street sweeping / cleaning is carried out based on the importance of the

road and the normative standards of the DMA.

A. Frequency of Street Sweeping

Daily sweeping of public streets is essential where there is habitation close by.

Isolated pockets or roads with little or no habitation around do not require daily

cleansing but at the same time they cannot be ignored. A schedule of street cleaning

should be prepared, prioritizing the roads requiring daily cleansing and the ones

which are need to be cleansed periodically. The city can be divided into sweepers’

beats which contain fairly uniform workloads, despite great differences in the lengths

to be covered.

The street sweepings are proposed to be collected separately and directly transferred

into the vehicles for disposing them. It must be strictly monitored that no road

sweeping staff should dump the road swept waste in the neighbouring storm water

drains or nallahs running parallel to the road.

The following measures may be taken to ensure regular sweeping of streets and

public places:

Cleansing of Street on a daily basis including Sundays and Public Holidays

Cleansing of the public roads, streets, lanes, by-lanes should be done daily if there is

habitation or commercial activity on one or both sides of the street. A list of such

roads and streets together with their length and width should be prepared and a

program for their daily cleaning should be worked out keeping in view the work

norms (yardsticks) prescribed. Roads and streets with no cluster habitation which do

not require daily cleaning may be put in a separate group and may be taken up for

need-based cleaning on alternate days, twice a week, once a week or occasionally, as

considered appropriate by the urban local body. Similarly a timetable should be

prepared for cleaning of open public spaces daily or periodically to ensure that they


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do not become dump yards and remain clean.

Working on Sundays

The generation of waste is a continuous process. As waste is produced each day,

collection, transportation and disposal of waste is required to be done daily. There

can therefore be no holiday in street sweeping, primary collection, transportation,

processing and disposal of waste. All local bodies should therefore re-organize their

work schedule and ensure that the Sanitation Department functions on all days in

the year irrespective of Sundays and public holidays. This does not mean that

Sanitation Department staff shall have no weekly off or holidays. The sweepers and

other staff engaged in collection, transportation and disposal of waste as well as

supervision of sanitation services should be given their statutory weekly off by

rotation instead of giving them off on Sunday, by dividing the staff into seven groups

and each group getting a weekly off on one of the days of the week. Thus one-seventh

of the staff should be enjoying their weekly off on each day of the week. This will

necessitate staff consolidation or creation of additional posts to the extent of one-

seventh of the total strength of the staff in the cities where no cleaning is presently

done on Sundays.

Alternatively, the staff may be given two half days (afternoon) off in a week in lieu of

one full day weekly off if the sweepers agree to such an arrangement. Here the

sweepers may leave work after working for 4 hours on two days out of seven days of

the week to make up their weekly off. Perhaps they may be happy to have two half

holidays instead of one weekly off in a week as they will have more time for

themselves and the family twice a week. However, since this has legal implications,

such arrangements will have to be worked out by mutual consent.

This arrangement of giving two half days’ leave in lieu of one full day weekly off, may

be made applicable to street sweepers and drain cleaners and their supervisors only

and not to the transportation workers or workers engaged in the disposal of waste as

these activities have to continue for full shifts of the day. One-seventh additional staff

may be engaged in these sections of the SWM department to make up the

requirement of working on all the days, or overtime may be given as per the need to

complete the day’s work.


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Review of Holidays given to the staff working in essential services such as

Collection, Transportation, Processing and Disposal of Waste

The list of public holidays being given to staff engaged in essential services vis-a-vis

general category staff should be reviewed by the local body. Normally the number of

holidays given to essential services staff are less than half the number of holidays

given to general category staff. After review, the local body may finalize the number

of holidays to be given to the sweepers and other staff in SWM and thereafter may

make necessary arrangements for the collection, transportation and disposal of waste

on all public holidays by either suitably compensating existing workers for holiday or

by creating additional mechanisms to carry out the work on public holidays. The staff

can also be compensated by giving additional earned leave in lieu of a public holiday,

or additional salary/allowance as deemed proper. This suggestion does not preclude

continuance of existing arrangements, if any, made by the local body to provide

SWM services on public holidays.

Substitution of Sanitation Workers

When any sanitation worker remains absent or proceeds on leave, alternate

arrangements must be made to ensure that cleaning is done as usual. Badli workers

or leave reserve could be used for this purpose. Any other satisfactory arrangements,

which are currently in use for this purpose, may continue. Work must not suffer on

account of absenteeism.

Prevent open Burning of Waste by Sweepers and the Public

The Municipal Corporation should take measures to prevent burning of tree leaves

and other waste by sweepers on the roadside and direct sweepers to take all waste to

the communal waste storage bins/sites only. Action may be taken against the erring

employees. Where open spaces are available nearby, the leaves could be rapid-

composted and used locally as organic manure for roadside plantations.

B. Working Hours

It is desirable to start work as early as possible in the morning so that the city looks

clean before the roads and streets get busy in the morning. Normally the labour force

is required to work for 8 hours and is given half an hours’ recess. Considering the

type of work, it is desirable to split the 8 hours of duty of sweepers into two spells, 4


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to 5 hours in the morning and 3 to 4 hours in the afternoon and the work force

should be fully utilized in both the spells of duties. Quite often the work force is

utilized in a group in the afternoon hours, which is highly unproductive. Individual

work needs to be allotted to each person in both spells to ensure full output and

accountability. The local body may decide the duty hours on the above lines and the

total hours of work to be taken from the sweepers, subject to government policy,

court orders and union agreements.

C. Equipment used for Street Sweeping

Use of appropriate tool plays an important role in improving the efficiency of the

work force. Presently most of the tools utilized by the sanitation workers are

inefficient and outdated and need to be replaced by efficient tools and equipment.

Traditionally the work force resists any change, even if it is for their good. Persuasion

and awareness efforts ill, therefore, be necessary to convince the workforce to adopt

improved tools and equipment. Equipment used for manual street sweepings are;

brooms, shovels, and containers. These are described in the following sections:

Brooms

Instead of using short handled brooms which require bending of the body while at

work, causes fatigue to the workforce and causes back pain in the long run, the

workforce may be advised to use long handled brooms, which will not require

bending, reduce fatigue and increase their productivity. In cities where a broom

allowance is given, or only broom sticks are provided to sweepers, they may be

persuaded that long handled brooms may be used or made by them for street

sweeping. While making such brooms, a metal blade which can scrape the material

sticking on the street should be fixed on the top of the broom, or a separate metal

scraper may be given to the sweepers, to remove sticky material from the street while

sweeping.

There is no yardstick about the number of brooms to be given to sweepers per

month. In some cities three brooms per month are given, whereas in other cities only

one broom is given per quarter of a year. One long handled broom per month is

considered to be adequate for street sweeping. The bamboo (long handle) to which

the broom is attached need not be given once a month as it has a long life. The same


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bamboo should be reused while making the broom. The bamboo may be replaced as

and when required. It could be once in six months or once a year depending upon the

local conditions of the city.

Shovels

The function of the broom is to gather the street wastes into small heaps, which then

have to be picked up completely, and placed in a receptacle. The conventional tool for

this purpose is a large straight-blade shovel. However, when the wastes comprise

large quantities of very light materials such as leaves, a shovel is ineffective because

dried leaves fall of or are blown away during transfer. A good solution to this

problem is to use a pair of flat boards, usually plywood, between which the wastes are

retained by hand-pressure.

Hand-Carts

Each sweeper engaged in street sweeping should be given a handcart having 4 to 6

containers for ease of handling. These containers should be detachable to facilitate

the direct transfer of street sweepings and household waste from the container into

the communal waste storage bins. Such containers should lockable with a chain

arrangement. The handcart should have at least 3 wheels ball bearings so that it can

be used efficiently.

6. 2 Drain Cleaning

In many cities there are open surface drains beside the road, into which quite often

the sweepers and the public dispose of waste. These drains need to be cleaned on a

regular basis to permit free flow of waste water. Action should be taken to ensure that

sweepers and citizens do not dispose of any waste into drains.

Initially, drain cleaners should be given the work of cleaning shallow surface drains

(not more than 60 cms) up to 500 meter length per day and this length may be

increased as soon as the discharge of solid waste into the drain is substantially

reduced. Necessary tools should be given to the drain cleaners. They should also be

given suitable seamless handcarts and shovels for transferring the silt to sites

identified for depositing it. The periodicity of cleaning such drains should be worked

out based on the conditions and frequency of clogging of drains. The Roster of


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Cleaning of such drains should be worked out and strictly followed.

Whatever waste is removed from the drains should not be allowed to remain outside

the drain for long for drying. It would be desirable to deposit the wet silt into a

seamless handcart as soon as it is taken out from the drain. If that be not possible or

found difficult, the silt may be allowed to dry for about 4 hours outside the drain

before transporting the semi-solid silt for disposal.

In special situations a maximum of 24 hours should be allowed for removal of such

waste. Seamless handcarts may be used for transfer of silt from the surface drain site

to the waste storage depot. Shovels should be used for transferring the contents from

the seamless handcart to the vehicles at the temporary storage depot or communal

waste storage site.If this work can be contracted out the contractor should ensure

that the silt removed from the drain is similarly lifted promptly and taken to the

disposal site as per the terms of contract.

Removal of Silt from Underground Drains/ Manholes

The work of removal of silt from underground drains or manholes, storm water

drains or surface drains deeper than 600 mm, should be done by the Engineering

Division of the Municipal Corporation and this work should not be entrusted to the

SWM department. The silt so removed should not be kept on the road/footpath for

drying. This waste should be removed on the same line as suggested for silt removed

from the surface drains. Wet waste only be removed immediately from the main

roads and not less than in 4 hours and in other areas within 24 hours and taken to

the disposal site to prevent nuisance and health hazards. This waste should not be

taken to the compost plant, but may be used as landfill cover. All the drains have to

be cleaned once a month and mandatorily just before the onset of monsoons. The

frequency of drain cleaning is limited if the drain bed is visible.

6. 3 System of waste storage at Source

Improvement measures should evolve effective strategies so as to mobilize the

community and citizens towards synchronizing their system of waste storage at

source with the primary collection of the wastes by the ULB and cooperate with the

authority to maintain clean streets and neighborhood in particular and the town in


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general. The local inhabitants shall be advised to keep two separate bins/bags for the

purposes of segregation of wastes at source and adopt appropriate mode of disposal

of such wastes from the source.

The Saligrama Town Panchayath shall direct all the waste producers (households,

institutions commercial establishments and floating population) not to throw any

solid waste in their neighborhood, on the street, open spaces, and vacant plots or into

drains by organizing public awareness programmes. There shall be adequate

provision made in public heath rules to punish the violation alteast to some extent

like imposing fines in order to reduce the violations. The following measures are

recommended so as to facilitate an organized and hierarchical system of waste

collection and disposal.

• Segregation has to be done at source.

• All premises should keep separate bins/containers/bags for biodegradable

waste, non-biodegradable waste and domestic hazardous waste.

• The food / biodegradable waste as and when generated shall be stored in any

type of domestic waste container, preferably with a cover.

• The dry/recyclable wastes shall be stored preferably in bags or sacks for the

collection.

Following are the suggestive specifications for storage of wet and dry wastes:

Individual Households, Slums and Congested Areas

• A metal or plastic container with lid of 10-litre capacity (to accommodate 7-8

kg) for a family of5 members would be adequate,

• Households may keep larger containers or more than one container to store

the waste produced in 24 hours having a spare capacity of 100% to meet

unforeseen delay in clearance or unforeseen extra loads and

Community / Group Households

• To adopt above-mentioned guidelines at the individual household level in

each community or group households.

• Provision of community bin facility for apartment residents within the

premises for storage of domestic wastes and encourage residents to deposit


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their domestic waste into the community bins.

• To provide separate community bin optionally for the recyclable wastes.

• The Saligrama Town Panchayath has to issue notices to the existing private

society/, flats/multistoried buildings, etc. and provision of such facility to be

made mandatory for sanctioning building construction permits and

completion certificates.

Shops / Offices / Institutions

• A metal or plastic container with lid of 30-litre capacity (to accommodate 15

kg) would be adequate,

• The shops, offices and institutions may keep larger containers or more than

one container to store the waste produced in 24 hours having a spare

capacity of 100%to meet unforeseen delay in clearance or unforeseen extra

loads and

• Preferably wet wastes should not be disposed of in plastic carry bags.

.

Hotels / Restaurants

• A HDPE / LDPE container with lid of 50-100 litres capacity (to

accommodate at least 50-100kgs) would be adequate.

• The container should have appropriate handle(s) on the top or side and rim

at the bottom for ease of emptying.

Vegetable / Fruit / Meat / Fish Markets

• PVC container(s) of 50 litres capacity for each market /stall leaving open

shops & road side shops would be adequate.

• The container should have appropriate handle(s) on the top or side and rim

at the bottom for ease of emptying.

Marriage Halls / Community Halls

• 50 litres capacity PVC bins with lid and handles of adequate number

depending on the volume of waste generated in dining halls and kitchen.


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Construction and Demolition Wastes

• The generator of construction and demolition waste shall be responsible for

storage, transportation and disposal of the waste.

• The generator shall store waste in such a way that it does not hamper the

traffic, the waste does not get spread on the road and does not block the

surface drain or storm water drain.

6. 4 Collection and Transportation

Considering that waste collection is at present performed rather inefficiently, the

above objectives present very ambitious targets for the ULB. The implementation of

an intensive awareness raising and communication campaign to sensitize and

motivate the population is vital to achieving the objective.

Residential Areas and Commercial Establishments

Door-to-door collection through containerized Auto tippers would be the primary

mode of collection from domestic households and commercial establishments. The

door-to-door collection of waste shall be done on a day-to-day basis between 7:00

AM and 2:00 PM. The wet and dry waste is collected separately. The wastes from

door to door collection through auto tippers are unloaded into the mini-tipper and is

directly transported to the processing site. The sanitary worker shall ring the bell or

blow the whistle announcing his/her arrival at the place of work to facilitate the

citizens and households to bring the wastes to them.

Collection of Waste from Apartments

Apartment associations should organize for the waste collection from each household

in their apartment complex and the waste shall be brought near the gate. From the

apartment gate, the waste shall be collected through collection vehicles and

transported to the processing site. Bins shall also be placed at easily approachable

locations within the premises of the apartment complexes with the provision to store

dry and wet waste separately by the residents. The waste from these bins should be

emptied into transportation vehicles on a daily basis for transferring to the

processing site.


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Congested Areas of the Town

Considering the practical difficulty in door to door collection of waste from congested

areas, the waste shall be collected by bell ringing/whistle system along their main

access-lanes and residents should bring their wastes from their houses to the point of

collection. Auto-Tippers shall be deployed for collection of waste from these areas.

The households should be strictly advised to store the wastes in plastic containers

supplied to them.

Market Yards

The waste generated in the markets is ideal for production of compost. In this view, it

is desirable that all vegetable waste be stored separately. The vegetable / fruit market

shops may be clearly instructed not to throw their waste on roads. The market waste

shall be collected and transported in a mini-tipper to the processing site.

Meat Stalls

It should be mandatory for the shopkeepers to store the meat and fish waste in bins.

These wastes shall be collected on a daily basis in tipper vehicle and transported to

the processing facility and processed to manure adopting composting process. The

meat waste shall be kept covered and transported to the processing site in a mini-

tipper.

Bulk Generators - Marriage / Function Halls, Hotels & Restaurants

These are places where large quantity of waste is generated. The characteristics of

waste from bulk generators i.e. hotels, restaurants, marriage halls shows higher bio-

degradable content compared to recyclables and inerts and so can be processed to

manure and shall be processed adopting windrow composting process. The waste

from bulk generators shall be collected and transported in the mini-tipper vehicle.

Hospitals/ Nursing Homes/Pathological Laboratories

Collection of bio-medical waste should be done in accordance with the rules /

directions contained in the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India

Notification dated 20th July 1998 as the liability for safe disposal of biomedical

waste is on such waste producer and the local body as such is not directly responsible

to provide any service.


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6. 5 Asset & Manpower Requirement

Exhibit 32 : Assumptions for Assets and manpower Requirement

Sl. No Assumptions Assets Manpower

1 Pushcarts 2 persons/cart

Frequency of Cleaning – A type roads 6 days/week

Frequency of Cleaning – C type roads Fortnightly

Avg beat length 1,000mtrs

2 Auto-tippers coverage 1000 households 1 driver /vehicle

1 helper /vehicle

3 Mini-Tipper 1 driver /vehicle

2 helpers /vehicle

Handcarts for Street Sweeping

Total road length : 66.81 kms

Type A road : 66.81 x 5% = 3.4 kms

Type B road : 66.81 x 10% = 6.8 kms

Type C road : 66.81 x 54% = 36.56 kms

Type D road : 66.81 x 30% = 20.05 kms

Length of Type A road : 3.4 kms

No of sweepers required : 3.4 x 1 = 3 nos

No of pushcarts : 3/2 = 2 nos

Length of Type B road : 6.8 kms

No of sweepers required : 6.8 x (2/6) = 2nos


Length of Type C road : 36.56 kms

No of sweepers required : 36.56 x (1/2) = 6 nos


Length of Type D road : 20.05 kms

No of sweepers required : 20.05 x 1/30 = 1 no


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No of sweepers required : 12 nos

No of wheeled bins : 12/1 = 12 nos

Total no of pushcarts : 5 nos

Total no of sweepers : 10 nos

Tipper truck 3m3 for Street sweeping

Length to be covered : 12 kms/day

Tipper covers length per day : 20 kms

No of trips : 2 nos

No of Tippers required : 12 / 20 = 0.6 = 1 no

No of drivers required : 1 x 1 = 1 no

No of helpers required : 1 x 3 = 3 nos

Total no of manpower required : 4 nos

MINI-tippers (1.8m3) for door to door collection

No of households +Commercials : 4133+446=4579

No of households covered / vehicle : 1200 nos

No of auto-tippers required : 4579 /1200 = 4 nos

No of drivers required : 4 x 1 = 4 nos



Tipper for Secondary Transportation

Waste to be transported : 4.12 TPD

Capacity of Tipper : 3 T

No of trips : 2 nos

No of Tippers required : 4.12 / (3 x 2) = 0.68 = 1 no

No of drivers required : 1 x 1 = 1 no

Street sweeping vehicle is used

Mini-tippers (1.8m3) for door to door collection

Waste to be transported : 1.17 TPD

Capacity of Tipper : 1 T


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No of auto-tippers required : 1.17 /(1*2) = 0.58=1 no

No of drivers required : 1 x 1 = 1 nos



The assets and manpower requirement for Collection & Transportation operations is

given below.

Exhibit 33: Assets Requirement

Sl.

No Vehicles Nos Available

To be

procure

d

A Collection & Transportation

1 1.8 m3 Mini-Tippers (D2DC) 4 2 2

2 240 ltr wheeled bins (Markets) 1 0 1

3 Mini Tipper-1.8m3 (Bulk & Markets) 1 0 1

B City Sanitation

1 120 ltrs wheeled bins (Street sweeping) 12 0 12

2 Mini-Tippers truck (3m3) 1 1 0

C Processing site

1 Pushcarts 1 1 0

2 Back hoe loader 49.5 HP 1 0 1

3 Bailing Machine 1 0 1

4 Weighbridge (30 Ton) 1 0 1

5

Compost Plant & Machinery (7-4mm TPD)

hopper and Conveyor system) 1 0 1

D GPRS & Monitoring

1 GPRS 7 0 7

Exhibit 34: Manpower Requirement

Sl. No

Particulars Proposed (nos)


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I Collection & Transportation 11

1 Auto-Tipper Drivers @ 1 driver/tipper 4

2 Auto-Tippers Helpers @ 1 helper/tipper 4

3 Auto-Tipper Drivers @ 1 driver/tipper (Market & Bulk) 1

4 Auto-Tippers Helpers @ 1 helper/tipper (market & Bulk) 1

5 DWCC helper 1

II City Sanitation 17

1 Sweepers - A type roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 3

2 Sweepers - Btype roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 2

3 Sweepers - C type roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 6

4 Sweepers - Dtype roads @ 1 sweeper/cart 1

5 Mini-Tipper Driver @ 1 driver/vehicle 1

6 Mini-Tipper Helpers @ 3helper/vehicle 3

7 Supervisor 1

III Processing site 5

1 Worker 1

2 Cleaner 1


4 Plant Opertaor 1

5 Security 1

Total 33


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Proposed Processing &Disposal Plan

7. 1 Introduction

Saligrama generates about 5.41 TPD of waste and the projected waste 7.25 TPD for

the design period 2022 (five years period). Out of total waste, the dry waste is sold to

the recyclers and street sweeping waste is disposed off in sanitary landfills.

The processing facilities has a design capacity to cater to the waste generated next

five years i.e. 5 TPD windrow composting plant and a landfill facility has been

proposed to handle 25% of rejects for the subsequent five years.

Exhibit 35 : Technology Options for Processing MSW

Sl. No

Particulars Unit Quantity

1 Design Year (Five years period) Year 2017 2022

Projected waste TPD 5.41 7.25

Wet waste TPD 4.06 5.43

Dry waste TPD 0.65 0.92

Street sweeping waste TPD 0.7 0.89

2 Plant Design Capacity TPD

Windrow Composting Plant TPD 6

Sanitary landfill @ 20% (5 years) TPD 6

7. 2 Compost Processing Plant

The Compost plant is designed for a capacity of 6 TPD to cater to the waste generated

in the next five years.

Pre-Sorting

The incoming waste is received at the tipping floor and the waste is manually

screened to remove large inert, coconut shells and recover recyclables.


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Windrow Formation

The MSW is formed into trapezoidal heaps of base width 6-8m, top width 2.0 – 4.0

m and height of 2.5m to 3.5m, called windrows. Space is created for forming 46

windrows. The windrows are aerated by dismantling the windrows and turning the

waste over using a backhoe or front loader. The turning operation is carried out once

every 7 days. Proprietary innoculum is sprayed to accelerate the decomposition

process.

Windrow Operations

At the plant seven windrows will be formed in a week for all seven days. After seven

days the waste in the first heap is turned and kept in the inner side to create more

space for the fresh waste. The similar turning and placement will be performed for

remaining six days. After 14 days the waste at the second position is turned and

placed at the third position simultaneously, this provides space for fresh waste. This

process is required continuously for 4 weeks. This process manages the reducing

bulk and space at the plant and more importantly turning control odour and

microbial population of the under process waste. The aerobic composting occurs

when the Carbon : Nitrogen (C:N) ratio is below 50, the moisture content is between

40-45% and pH between 6-8. A temperature build up of 60-650 occurs during the

process of decomposition, which helps is destruction of pathogens, helminth eggs

and inactivation of weed seeds. Leachate which would be generated during the

process is recirculated for maintaining the moisture content and also the microbial

levels. Excess leachate needs to be treated in the leachate treatment plant. The

decomposed waste after 28 days is spread in the yard to allow maturation and

drying. The matured waste which has a C:N ratio between 20-25 is taken up for

screening.

Mechanical sieving

The dried digested material is then fed into a rotary trommel fitted with dual mesh

(16 mm and 4 mm holes). After trommel rotation, the product passes through the

sieve to obtain final compost (-4mm size). The rejects from screening unit are

disposed off in the landfill.


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Area requirement for Compost Processing Plant

Density : 0.5 t/m3

Width of windrow : 3 m

Height of windrow : 2 m

No of days : 6 days

No of windrows : 5 nos

Windrows with 3m width : 3 nos

Windrows with 2m width : 3 nos

End space along the length : 2.5 m

End space along the width : 1.5 m

No of Clearances : 4 nos

Clearance width : 1 m

Quantity of waste to be processed : 6 TPD

Volume of waste : 6/0.5 = 12 cum

Unit area : (3.14/4) x 3 x 2= 4.7 sqm

Length of windrow : 12 / 4.7 = 2.5 m

Aggregate length in 6 days : 6 x 2.5 = 15 m

End space : 2 x 2.5 = 5 m

Total length of windrow : 15 +5 =20 m

Width of windrow

Space required for windrows : 3*3 + 3*3= 18 m

Space for clearance : 4 x 1 = 4 m

End space : 1.5 x 1 = 3 m

Total width of windrow : 18 + 4 + 3 = 25 m

Total area : 25 x 20 = 525 sqm

Exhibit 36 : Area requirement for Compost Processing Plant

Sl. No

Particulars Dimensions (m) Area (sqm)

1 Windrow Platform 25 20 525

2 Monsoon Shed 9 10 90

3 Plant & Machinery 7.5 18.5 140

4 Finished Storage 9 8.5 75

Total Shed size 830


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Exhibit 37 : Technical Specifications for Screening Machinery

Technical Specifications

Inclined Conveyor

Capacity 7 TPD

Material MSW

Bulk Density 400 kgs

Conveyor length c/c 6.5 m

Belt width 900 mm

Belt type 315/3 Rubber

Impact Idlers 3 sets

Carrying Idlers 4 sets

Return Idlers 3 nos

Drive Pulley diameter 220 mm

Drive Face width 980 mm

Tail Pulley diameter 220 mm

Tail Face width 980 mm

Motor Type Geared motor

HP 3 HP

Power Supply 3 Phase

Gear box In line helical Gear box / Planetary

Strenger & Support size MC100

Product Conveyor

Capacity 10 - 25 TPD

Conveyor length c/c 6 m

Belt width 800 mm


Cover Grade M 24


Return Idlers 3 nos






HP 2 HP

RPM 1400 RPM


Rejects Conveyor

Conveyor length c/c 3 m

Belt width 800 mm



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Technical Specifications

Cover Grade M 24


Return Idlers 1 nos






HP 2 HP

RPM 1400 RPM


Strenger & Support size MC100

Exhibit 38 : Mass Balance for Compost Processing Plant

7. 3 E-Waste Management

The towns of Udupi district do not have a distinct IT/BT character. Hence e-waste

generated from these towns is of a heterogeneous nature consisting of rejects of the

household and shops catering to household needs. On a survey of the landfill site, the


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informal sector and the households, the following are the major components of the e-

waste generated in the towns

• Tube lights

• Fluorescent bulbs

• Wires

• Batteries

• Cellular phone and its peripherals like head phones

• Computer peripherals like home speakers & head phones

• Cartridges

Items such as computers, televisions, washing machines and refrigerators are

reported to be resold in the market by the owner themselves for refurbishing and use

of parts.

Setting up of an e-waste treatment plan is manpower and cost intensive affair. Most

Indian towns of non IT-BT nature do not generate very high quantum of e-waste to

support an independent e-waste handling facility. To take care of the e-waste

disposal requirements of the cities, every state has registered a number of e-waste

handling facilities who are registered with the Pollution Control Board of the state. In

Karnataka, there are 67 e-waste handling plants that collect and process e-waste.

For towns in Udupi district, the following system is proposed for managing the E-

waste generated. The proposed system suggests 100% source segregation at the

household level. The e-waste generated from the houses hence would be collected

along with the dry waste and brought to the dry waste collection centres, where

sorting of the waste is undertaken. During this sorting process, the e-waste items

should be ideally segregated and stored. The ULB can have a contract with a

registered e-waste facility who would collect the waste from each ULB for the

disposal.

7. 4 C & D Waste Management

The construction and demolition waste generated in the ULB shall be transported

and disposed in low lying areas. The ULB shall charge the generator a fee for

providing the services i.e. collection, transportation and processing of C & D waste.

The mini-tipper in use for sweeping is also used for removal of the construction


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wastes and debris. No additional requirements are proposed and user fee can be

charged for each trip

7. 5 Bio-medical Waste Management

There is an existing system of waste storage collection and transport as per the

biomedical waste handling rules. The need is to ensure all the waste generators

subscribe to this facility and medical waste does not enter the municipal waste

stream.

7. 6 Sanitary Landfill Facility

The landfill is designed for a period of 15 years and is a combination of below and

above ground landfill in order to economise on space. The landfill will have an

overall height of 15 m. It is proposed to be placed in an excavation of 3-4 m deep.

The bottom of the SLF would be lined with 900 mm of mineral sealing system with

clay of permeability k< 1x 10 -9m/s/. It would be overlaid with at least 2.0 mm of

HDPE geo-membrane and protected by 2000 gsm geo-textile. Over this a 300 mm

thick gravel layer is laid for drainage of leachate.

Perforated HDPE pipes of 250 mm dia would be placed at 40 m spacing to intercept

and divert any leachate generated. All the leachate collection pipes are connected to a

main HDPE header pipe of diameter 315 mm. This header pipe would lead the

leachate to the leachate holding tank. This Landfill facility shall have a side slope of

1:2 and is lined with Clay liner of 90 cms thick, 1.5 mm thick of High Density Poly

Ethylene (HDPE) sheet, Drainage layer of 30 cms thick with Leachate collection and

removal system. Final covering slope of the landfill 1:3.The area requirement for land

filling waste for 20 years is about 1.2 acres.

Exhibit 39 : Assumptions for area requirement for Sanitary Landfill

Sl. No Assumptions

1 Initial Waste generation (2017) 6 TPD

2 Bulk density of the material 0.8 T/m3

3 Fraction of waste to be land filled (%) 20%

4 Duration of one phase 5yrs

5 Rainfall 1500 mm


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Exhibit 40 : Area requirement for Sanitary Landfill

Landfill Capacity, Height and Area Unit Value

Initial waste TPD 6

Weight of the waste to be land filled per day TPD 1.2

Quantity (Cum) (6/0.8) per day Cum 1.5

Waste Collection Depth per day m 1.00

Area m 1.22

m 1.22

Soil Depth above the landfill Waste m 0.10

Qty of Soil above the landfill Waste Cum 0.15

Total Volume per day Cum 1.65

Per Year 2016 Cum 602.25





Total Waste for 5 years Cum 3676.80

Depth m 2

Area Sqm 1838

Length m 42.88

Breadth m 42.88

Dimensions of landfill Site

Depth of Landfill m 2

Slope 1V:2.5H m 5

Slope height m 5.39

Top Length m 47.88

Top Width m 47.88

Bottom Length m 37.88

Bottom Width m 37.88

Slope Length considering 1V:2.5H m 5.39

Depth of the pit m 2.00

Vehicle Ramp (Slope 1V:7H)


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Landfill Capacity, Height and Area Unit Value

Ramp size

Width m 5

Length m 14

Top Width m 38.70

Top Length m 38.70

Bottom width m 28.70

Bottom Length m 28.70

7. 7 Infrastructure & Manpower Requirement

Exhibit 41 : Infrastructure requirement for Processing & Disposal Facility

Sl. No

Particulars Proposed (nos)

1 Security Office 2.5 m x 2.5 m

2 Workers Rest Room 3.6 m x 3 m

3 Toilet block 6.2 m x 3.5 m

4 Under ground water sump 5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m

5 Compost Plant with roofing 16.5 m x 50 m

6 Sanitary Landfill 39 m x 39 m

7 Internal roads 600 m

8 Storm water drains 600 m

9 Electrical (Internal & External) 1 lot

10 Gates 1 no

11 Plumbing and sanitary works 1 no

12 Monitoring Bore wells 1 lot

13 Weighbridge Platform 12 m x 3 m

14 DWCC 10 m x 10m


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Exhibit 42 : Manpower requirement for Processing & Disposal Facility

Sl. No Particulars Proposed (nos)

1 Worker 1

2 Cleaner 1


4 Plant Opertaor 1

5 Security 1

Total 5


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8. Project Financials

8. 1 Introduction

The cost estimates for MSW management Saligrama town is worked out based on the

detailed study and its assessment of the SWM operations in Saligrama. The existing

infrastructure available with the ULB has been taken into account and costing for up-

gradation of the system is worked out. The additional investments thus required is to

increase the efficiency of the system and to meet the norms prescribed by the MSW

(Management and Handling) Rules, 2016.

8. 2 Capital Investment

The cost for physical infrastructure components include procurement of vehicles and

investment for civil infrastructure and plant and machinery.

Exhibit 43 : Capital Investment for City sanitation

Sl. No

Particulars Proposed

(nos) Available

(nos) Net

(nos) Unit Rate

(Rs.)

Total Cost (Rs. in lakhs)

1 120 ltrs wheeled bins

(Street sweeping) 12 0 12 4000 0.48

2 Mini-Tippers truck

(3m3) 1 1 0 1143412 0.00


Total 0.49

Exhibit 44 : Capital Investment for Collection and transportation

Sl.No

Vehicles No’s

Available

To be procure

Unit price (Rs.)

Total price (Rs. In lakhs)

1 1.8 m3 Mini-Tippers (D2DC)

4 2 2 527,000 10.54

2 240 ltr wheeled bins (Markets)

1 0 1 4100 0.04

3 Mini Tipper-1.8m3 (Bulk & Markets)

1 0 1 527,000 5.27


Total

16.33


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Exhibit 45 Capital Cost for GPRS and Monitor ing System

Sl.No

Vehicles No’s

Available

To be procure

Unit price (Rs.)

Total price (Rs. In lakhs)

1 GPRS 7 0 1 14954 1.05


Total

1.08

Exhibit 46 : Capital Investment for Plant &Machinery

Sl. No

Particulars Net

(nos) Unit Rate

(Rs.) Total

(Rs. in lakhs)

1 Pushcarts 1 13,700 0

2 Back hoe loader 49.5 HP 1 1,835,450 18.35

3 Bailing Machine 1 440000 4.40

4 Weighbridge (30 Ton) 1 561122.5 5.61

5

Compost Plant & Machinery (7-4mm

TPD) hopper and Conveyor system) 1 3604000 36.04


Total 66.34

Exhibit 47 : Capital Investment for Civil Works

Sl. No Description of Item Quantities Total

(Rs. in lakhs)

1 Security Office 2.5 m x 2.5 m 1.69

2 Workers Rest Room 3.6 m x 3 m 3.5

3 Toilet block 6.2 m x 3.5 m 5.41

4 Under ground water sump 5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m 3.1

5 Compost Plant with roofing 16.5 m x 50 m 83.87

6 Sanitary Landfill 39 m x 39 m 73.62

7 Internal roads 600 m 72.47

8 Storm water drains 600 m 51.72

9 Electrical (Internal & External) 1 lot 16.43

10 Gates 1 no 1.00

11 Plumbing and sanitary works 1 no 3.00

12 Monitoring Bore wells 1 lot 1.50


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13 Weighbridge Platform 12 m x 3 m 1.99

14 DWCC 14.41

Contingnecy@3% 9.92

Total 343.63

8. 3 Operational Expenditure

The operational expenditure for implementing the collection, transportation,

processing and disposal of waste includes the manpower cost, fuel and power

charges, operation and maintenance cost and the cost of consumables.

Exhibit 48 : Operational Expenditure for City sanitation

Sl.No

Particulars Proposed Existi

ng Required

Unit Price (Rs.)

Cost Price (Rs.)

Cost/yr (Rs.) in Lakhs

1 Manpower

Sweepers 12 12 0 17,045 - -

Tipper 3m3 Helpers 3 0 3 17,045 51,134 6.14

Tipper 3m3 Drivers 1 0 4 14,638 14,638 1.76

Sanitary Supervisors 1 0 1 17,457 17,457 2.09

-


-

a Mini-Tipper truck-3m3

40 8 1 60 14,600 1.75

3 Maintenance/yr 5% 4,964 0.60

OPEX/yr 12.34

Exhibit 49 : Operational Expenditure for Collection & Transportation Operations

Sl.No

Particulars Propo

sed Existing

Require

d

Unit Price (Rs.)

Cost Price (Rs.)

Cost/yr

(Rs.) in

Lakhs

1 Manpower

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 drivers (D2DC)

4 0 4 14,638.

25 58,553 7.03

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 Helpers (D2DC)

4 0 4 17,044.

50 68,178 8.18

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 driver (Bulk and Market)

1 0 1 14,638.

25 14,638 1.76


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Sl.No

Particulars Propo

sed Existing

Require

d

Unit Price (Rs.)

Cost Price (Rs.)

Cost/yr

(Rs.) in

Lakhs

Mini Tipper 1.8m3 helper (Bulk and Market)

1 0 1 17,044.

50 17,045 2.05

DWCC helpers@ 1/unit 1 0 1

17,044.50

17,045 2.05


a Mini Tipper 1.8m3 drivers (D2DC)

45 5 4 60 36,500 4.38

b Mini Tipper 1.8m3 driver (Bulk and Market)

42 4 1 60 7,300 0.88

3 Maintenance/yr 5%

10,996.25

1.32

OPEX/yr 27.63

Exhibit 50 : Operational Expenditure for Processing & Disposal Facility

Sl. No

Particulars Units Total Rates/

Unit (Rs)

Amount (Rs)/ month

Amount (Rs)/

year

Amount

(Rs)/ year in Lakhs

A Staff Salary/ Wages

1 Plant Operator 1 1 15,257 15,257 183,084 1.83

2 Workers – Tipping Floor 1 1 17,045 17,045 204,534 2.05

3 Drivers @ back hoe loader

1 1 15,257 15,257 183,084 1.83

4 security 1 1 13,470 13,470 161,634 1.62

5 Cleaner 1 1 13,470 13,470 161,634 1.62

Total

8.94

B Power charges

1 Equipments and Bore well, Lighting

units

5,000 60,000 1.20

C Consumables / Personnel Protective Equipments

1 Microbial Culture @ 1ltrs/2 days

Bottle/month

8 2,500 5,000 60,000 0.60

D Administrative Charges

1 Lump sum

2,500 2,500 30,000 0.30

E Fuel cost Nos. Ltrs

1 Back hoe loaders 1 3hrs*4 60.00 21,900 262,800 2.63

Total cost/ annum for Processing & Disposal of MSW (Rs. In Lacs)

108,898

1,306,770

13.67


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F Maintenance

5% 24,555 294,658 2.95

Grand Total

133,45

2 1,601,4

28 16.61

Exhibit 51 : Summary of Project Financials

Sl. No Particulars Capital Cost

(Rs. in lakhs) O & M Cost

(Rs. in lakhs)



- Commercial Establishments and bulk waste generators

5.31 4.94 12.34

2

Street Sweeping and other cleaning activities

0.48

3 Secondary Collection and Transportation

4 DWCC, ZWMC, Transfer Stations etc

14.41 2.05

5 Processing & Disposal 383.71 16.61


7 Contingency@3% 12.46 -

Total 427.96 56.58

Permanent salary 21.67

Grand Total 78.25

Cost/Ton (5.41 TPD) Rs.59.06 lakhs Rs.2959

8. 4 Funding Pattern for Capital Investment

It is envisaged that the capital investment for providing MSWM services would be

through grants from both Central and State government. The funds allocated would

be used towards procurement of tools, equipments, vehicles and development of

processing and landfill facility.

Exhibit 52 : Funding Pattern for Capital Investment

Sl. No Particulars (Rs. in lakhs)

1 Total Capital Cost 427.96

2 Share of Government

GOI Share @ 35% of Capital Cost 149.79

GOK Share @ 2/3rd of GOI Share 99.86

3 ULB share 178.32


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Sl. No Particulars (Rs. in lakhs)

4 Funds available with ULB 99.59

4 Deficit 78.73

8. 5 Funding Pattern for Operational Expenditure

The operational expenditure for the MSWM services includes salary expenses, repair

and maintenance and fuel expenses. It is proposed that the expenditure would be

entirely funded through internal cash flows such as municipal funds, collection of

user charges from various categories of waste generators and sale of compost and

recyclables.

Municipal Funds

The source of income of the ULB includes income from resource mobilization

activities of the ULB in the form of taxes i.e. property tax, professional tax and other

taxes, all non-tax revenues such as fees for building permission, trade licenses, etc

and charges levied as per the Municipal Act i.e. income from special services, income

from properties, interest on investments and miscellaneous items etc.

User Charges

With an objective of making the MSW management activities self-sustainable and to

enable recovery of the expenditure incurred to the extent possible, a resolution for

collection of user charges from various generators had been issued by the ULB. The

resolution is under implementation and the collection of user charges from various

generators has commenced.

Exhibit 53 : Proposed User Charges for various Generators

Sl. No.

Particulars

Numbers User Charges / month

(1st year)

Annual increase in user charges in %

Collection Efficiency in %

Annual increase in numbers of waste generators in %

Total Amount In Lakhs

1 Households Non slum - Big

676 35 15% 70 1.45% 2.555

2 Households Non slum - small

3457 26 15% 90 1.45% 8.629


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3 Commercials - Big

48 220 15% 80 1.45% 1.140

4 Commercials - Small

380 120 15% 90 1.45% 4.104

5 Meat & Chicken Shop

5 250 15% 75 1.45% 0.138

6 Markets 1 50 15% 92 1.00% 0.008

7 Institutions 8 150 15% 100 1.00% 0.058

8 Hotels - Small

18 200 15% 40 1.00% 0.390

9 Cinema Theatres

0 200 15% 82 1.00% 0.000

10 Marriage Halls

3 800 15% 100 1.00% 1.200

11 Petty Shops 25 40 15% 100 1.00% 0.072

12 Street Vendors

36 30 15% 60 2.00% 0.104

13 Hospitals 2 150 15% 80 2.00% 0.032

With respective collection efficiency for each generator, it is estimated that Rs.18.40

lakhs shall be collected as user fees.

Revenue from sale of Compost & Recyclables

The quantum of compost generated from the processing facility is assumed as 10%

and the recyclables that can be sold is about 10% of the incoming waste.

Exhibit 54 : Revenue from sale of Compost & Recyclables

Sl. No

Revenue Streams Quantity (kgs/day)

Unite Rate /ton (Rs.)

Total (Rs. in lakhs)

1 Sale of Compost 0.51 2500 4.66

2 Sale of recyclables 0.51 300 0.56

3 Sale of RDF 0.51 100 0.19

Total 5.22

Proposed Funding Pattern for Operational Expenditure

The Operational and Maintenance cost is estimated to be about Rs.78.25 lakhs. The

proposed revenue for SWM user charges is about 18.40 lakhs and revenue through sale of

compost and recyclables & RDF is 5.22 lakhs in Saligrama town excluding C & d waste.


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Exhibit 55 : Manpower Requirement

Manpower Requirement Permanent Contract

Drivers 7 0 7

Sweepers 13 12 1

Helpers/loaders 9 0 9

Supervisor 1 0 1

Security 1 0 1

Plant Operator 1 0 1

Cleaner 1 0 1

Total 33 12 21

Exhibit 56 : Funding Pattern for Operational Expenditure

Sl.No Revenue for O&M 2017-18 Amount In lakhs









There is a deficit of about Rs.17.43 lakhs but proposed revenue achieves 30% of O & M cost

in the first year.

Exhibit 57 : Proposed Revenue Model

SL.No

Revenue for O&M 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Description Amount in Rs. lakhs/ annum

A O&M Expenses 78.25 82.16 86.27 90.58 95.11


C Revenue by User charge / Cess

18.40 22.16 26.64 32.04 38.54


E Salaries from SFC grant for permanent staff 15.34 16.11 16.91 17.76 18.65




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H % of cost recovered from Sales and SWM fee

30.42% 34.28% 38.89% 44.14% 50.13%

By fifth year (2021-2022), there will be a deficit of about Rs.2.12 lakhs and proposed revenue

achieves 50% of O & M cost.

The user charges have been fixed to generate revenue to meet alteast 25% of the

operational expenditure proposed in the first year and it is proposed that about 7%

revenue shall be generated from sale of compost and recyclables and RDF. With an

annual increment of 15%, these revenue components will contribute to 50% of the

operational expenditure by the end of 5 years.


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9. Operating Framework

9.1 Options for Project Implementation

The Project Facilities could be developed by Saligrama TP under any of the two

options set out below:

Option 1: Service delivery by the ULB

Option 2: Service delivery by a private operator

9.2 Option 1: Service delivery by ULB

Under this option, the two distinct activities, with respect to collection &

transportation of MSW and treatment & disposal of MSW, would need to be

undertaken by ULB in the following manner.

(i) Collection and transportation of MSW

• Procure tools / equipment and vehicles for collection and

transportation of MSW.

• Hire manpower for carrying out the activities envisaged

(ii) Treatment and disposal of MSW

• Select a contractor to undertake development of the compost facility

and develop the landfill facility.

• Hire skilled manpower for carrying out the operations and

maintenance of the developed facilities.

9.3 Option 2: Service delivery through Private Operator(s)

In this option, implementation of MSW management would be undertaken by a

private operator(s) with the ULB playing the role of a facilitator. The private

operator(s) would need to carry out their roles and responsibilities as per the

contractual agreement signed with ULB. The involvement of private operator(s) in

various stages in the MSW management chain is detailed below.


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(i) Collection and transportation of MSW

The ULB would identify private operator for carrying out this activity. The collection

and transportation of MSW from the households would be carried out by the private

operator. The private operator would be responsible for identification of collection

crew, procurement of tools/ equipment/ vehicles by utilizing the funds provided by

the ULB and also be responsible for O&M of the same.

The private operator would be required to collect the user charges from the

households for provision of door to door collection services.

(ii) Treatment and disposal of MSW

The private operator would be responsible for development of the treatment and

disposal facility. The operator would be responsible for mobilization of finances for

development of these facilities (capital expenditure) and also O&M of these facilities

in accordance with design, construction and O&M specifications provided by the

ULB.

The components of the Project could be implemented in the following ways.

Option 1: Implementation by a single private operator

Under this option the entire chain of MSW management activities including

collection and transportation of MSW and treatment and disposal of MSW facility

would be undertaken through the private operator. The private operator under this

option would be selected through a transparent competitive bidding process. The

ULB in turn would need to pay a service fee for the services rendered. The advantage

of having a single private operator would be that since the entire system is

implemented by a single private operator, the operations would be easy to undertake

and monitor but the disadvantage could be failure of the private operator in

performing its obligations would lead to collapse of the entire SWM system in the

town.

Option 2: Implementation by different operators

Under this option two packages could be formed; Package I - Collection and

Transportation and Package II- Treatment and Disposal of MSW. Each of the two


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packages could be undertaken independently by different operators. The private

operators could be selected through a transparent competitive bidding process. C&T

of MSW could be implemented by private operator under a service contract. The

integrated T&D facility could be developed under BOT concession framework.

A comparative analysis of the risks associated in an event of implementation of the

two options discussed above is set out in the table below:

Exhibit 58 : Comparative Analysis of risks

Options Parameters Impact

Service delivery by ULB

Manpower Recruitment & management of operational staff by ULB

Skill set

ULB would need to appoint technical consultants for developing a strategy for integrated MSW management and for design and construction of MSW treatment & disposal facilities. ULB would also be required to hire skilled manpower to operate and maintain the treatment and disposal facilities.

Service

Delivery

Since payments to operational staff are not

performance based and often their motivation levels are low, this could affect the level of service delivery.

Finances

ULB would need to mobilize finances for

procurement of tools / equipment and vehicles and for development of C&T and T&D facilities.

Project Risks

The projects related risks such as design risk, cost overrun risk, time risks etc. and adherence to applicable laws would be retained by ULB.

Service delivery by Private Operator

Manpower

ULB would need only supervisory staff as the private operator would be responsible for deployment of staff for providing MSW management services.

Skill set

The onus of providing skilled manpower would be with private operator.

Service

Delivery

As the payment to the operator would be made

subsequent to demonstration by him of adherence to performance standards specified by ULB, the service delivery levels would be high.

Finances

The private operator would need to mobilize finances for procurement of tools / equipment and vehicles and for development of T&D facilities.

Project Risks

The projects related risks such as design risk, cost overrun risk, time risks etc. and adherence to applicable laws would be retained by private operator.


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10. Legal Aspects

10.1 Introduction

Local bodies in the country are governed by various laws enacted by their respective

State Legislatures. Many state laws governing urban local bodies do not have

adequate provision for ensuring appropriate solid waste management systems with

the result outdated systems continue affecting the quality of life of the people. For

improving solid waste management practices in urban areas it is necessary to

incorporate suitable provisions in the state laws to ensure public participation and

providing for minimum level of solid waste management service.

Local laws also need to provide for punishment on the spot to those who do not

adhere to the directions given for maintaining appropriate solid waste management

systems in the urban areas, giving adequate power to the local wherever they do not

exist with suitable modification wherever necessary.

10.2 Proposed Legal Provisions

Prohibition against littering the streets, deposition of solid waste on the streets,

open defecation, etc.

No person shall litter public streets or public places or deposit or cause or permit to

be deposited or thrown upon or along any public street, public place, land belonging

to the local body, State or Central Government or any unoccupied land or on the

bank of a water-body or resort to open defecation.

Duty of occupiers of premises to store solid waste at source of generation

It shall be incumbent on the occupiers of all premises to keep two receptacles, one for

the storage of food/organic/bio-degradable waste and another for recyclable and

other types of solid wastes generated at the said premises. The domestic hazardous

waste, as may be notified by the local body, shall also be kept separately in a suitable

container as and when such waste is generated.


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Duty of occupier not to mix recyclable /non-bio-degradable waste and domestic

hazardous waste with food waste etc.

It shall be incumbent on the occupier of any premises to ensure that the recyclable

waste as well as domestic hazardous waste generated at the said premises does not

get mixed up with the food/bio-degradable waste and stored separately.

Duty of Societies/ Associations/ Management of commercial complexes to clean

their premises and to provide community bins

It shall be incumbent on the management of Co-operative Societies, Associations of

residents, multistoried buildings, commercial Complexes, Institutional buildings,

markets and the like to arrange for daily cleaning of their internal streets, common

spaces, etc., and provide community bin/bins of appropriate size as may be

prescribed by urban local body, for the temporary storage of food/biodegradable

waste duly kept segregated by the members of the society/association for facilitating

primary collection of food/biodegradable waste from one point by the municipal

authorities. A separate community bin may similarly be provided for the storage of

recyclable waste where door to door collection of recyclable waste is not practiced.

Community bins to be kept in good condition

Community bins shall at all times be kept in good condition, regularly maintained

and shall be provided in such number and at such places as may be considered

adequate and appropriate to contain the waste produced by the citizens supposed to

be served by the community bins.

Duty of Occupiers to deposit solid waste in community bins

It shall be incumbent on occupiers of all premises for whom community bins have

been provided that all segregated domestic waste, trade waste, institutional waste

from their respective premises to be deposited in the appropriate community bins.

Duty of Occupier of households/shops/establishment to hand over the recyclable

material/non-bio-degradable waste to the waste collectors/ waste

purchasers/recyclers

It shall be incumbent on households / shops / establishments to hand over their

segregated recyclable waste / non-bio-degradable waste to the collectors, waste


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purchaser or recyclers as may be convenient or as may be notified by the local body

from time to time. Such waste shall not be disposed off on the streets or in municipal

bins or open spaces along with the organic/food/bio-degradable waste.

Duty of Occupier of households, shops and establishments to deposit domestic

hazardous/toxic waste in special bins provided by the Local Body

It shall be incumbent on households, shops and establishments to deposit domestic

hazardous waste/toxic material in containers provided by the urban local body.

Duty of Local Bodies to collect waste from community bins and to deposit it at

waste storage depots for onward transport

It shall be incumbent for local bodies to remove all solid waste deposited in

community bins on a daily basis and transport to processing or disposal sites.

Duty of Local Bodies to clean all public streets, open public spaces and slum areas

It shall be incumbent on local bodies to arrange for cleaning of all public streets

having habitation on both or either side, and all slums on all days of the year

including sundays and public holidays.

Duty of Local Body to arrange for processing of food/biodegradable waste through

appropriate technology and disposal of rejects

It shall be incumbent for the local bodies to arrange for the processing of

food/organic/bio-degradable wastes produced in the city and dispose of the rejects

and non-biodegradable waste in an environmentally acceptable manner.

Prohibition against deposition of building rubbish

No person shall deposit or cause or permit to be deposited any building rubbish in or

along any street, public place or open land except at a place designated for the

purpose or in conformity with conditions laid down by the ULB.

Prohibition on disposal of carcasses, etc.

No person shall deposit or otherwise dispose of the carcass or parts of any dead

animal at a place not provided or appointed for this purpose.


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Punishment for littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in

contravention of the provisions of this Act

Whosoever litters the street /or public places or deposits or throws or causes or

permits to be deposited or thrown any solid waste or construction debris at any place

in contravention of the provisions of this Act permits the flow of any filthy matters

from his premises shall be punished on the spot with a fine not less than Rs.50/- as

may be prescribed under the rules framed by the State Govt. from time to time. Such

spot fines may be collected by officers authorized by the ULB, not below the rank of

sanitary inspector. The amount of fine imposed shall be recoverable as arrears of

property taxes. The amount of fine shall be kept higher for repeat offences.

The powers to levy such penalty should also be delegated to railway authorities,

cantonment authorities, notified areas, which are outside the purview of municipal

corporations or municipalities in various cities so that the areas under their control

can also remain neat and clean.


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11. Health Aspects

11.1 Low Cost Sanitation Program to prevent Open Defecation

Open defecation is rampant in the areas where low-income group people reside. The

ULB shall take some measures for setting up public toilets. It is strongly

recommended to establish free public toilets in all the slum areas and more of pay

and use toilets at tourist places like areas close to temple, commercial areas and

other religious locations on. Mobile toilets are other options which can be put up

during festivals and construction sites on cost recovery basis.

11.2 Covering of Buildings under Construction

It is recommended that the ULB shall enforce the rule of covering of buildings under

construction so as to avoid dust and particulate matter in the surrounding areas. This

should be made applicable to only large construction sites like construction of

commercial complex, multistory building or multiplex.

11.3 Cattle Nuisance

The cattle deteriorate the sanitary conditions by moving in and around the waste and

spreading it on the larger area. Punitive measures should be put into practice for

owners of such cattle. Pay and use cattle sheds are also considered away from the

living areas.

The cattle are seen more near them market area. The market traders should be

informed to not dispose the market waste on streets. It is essential to curb the

movement of stray cattle within the town. Owners of these animals should be

suitably charged an administration charge for the any infringement and disposal of

such trade waste in the municipal system.

11.4 Health Monitoring for Sanitary Workers

The solid waste management activities are not hygienic. There are large number of

ULB employees involved in town sanitation maintenance, cleaning the solid waste

and underground drainage system. The health and hygiene of these staff is not

checked regularly at present. The ULB should insist on annual medical examination


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and monitoring, health education and free medical treatment for the solid waste

management and sanitation staff. It should become a standard practiced to conduct

medical examination of employees bi-annually. The same shall be included in the

contracts signed with the private sector and community based organization. A group

insurance for health coverage is also to be taken. The ULB should ensure that

following measures are compulsorily practiced.

(i) Sanitation workers should compulsorily take a weekly off

(ii) The workers should compulsorily wear all safety equipments

(iii) The workers should immediately report to health inspectors in case of any

accidents

(iv) Sanitation workers duty should never be stretched for more than 8 hours

including breaks and attendance period

(v) The staff should be checked with basic medical tests once in 3 months.

11.5 Prevent Indiscriminate Use of Pesticides

Use of pesticides particularly in domestic areas should be banned. However, in

gardens & public parks use of pesticides may be allowed in a scientific manner. The

Managers of such gardens and public parks should be asked to maintain records to

type and amount of pesticides they have used.


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12. Role of Stakeholders

12.1 Role of the ULB

• Ensure compliance by citizens.

• Monitor the works being performed by the private operator.

• Make the payments to the private operator.

12.2 Role of the Citizens

Participation of citizens in efficient disposal of MSW is vital as it would reduce the

environmental impact and help in enhancement of serenity of the city. The functions

that need to be carried out by the citizens from various sources are as set out below:

Household

The citizens would need to carry out segregation of waste at the household level and

the segregated waste should be handed over to the primary collection crew at the pre-

notified time. For the services provided, the citizens shall pay a user fee on a monthly

basis. Unhygienic disposal of waste on streets would need to be avoided by the

citizens.

Bulk generators

Bulk generators like hotels, commercial establishments, function halls etc. should

dispose the waste thorough primary collection crew at the pre-notified time.

12.3 Role of the Private Operator

• Collection of MSW from different categories of waste generators.

• Development, operation, maintenance, and management of integrated

processing and disposal facility.

• Transportation of MSW to the integrated treatment and disposal facility.

• Processing of the MSW received at the integrated treatment and disposal

facility.

• Landfilling of the rejects of the processing facility and other non-

biodegradable MSW.


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13. Information, Education and Communication

13.1 Introduction

In the present scenario waste management and handling process is unplanned due to

lack of proper infrastructure, awareness among the public and its involvement. No

target oriented awareness programmes conducted in the past for solid waste

management improvement or for waste segregation. Thus for making proper,

reduced, segregated waste collection, there is a great need of public awareness and

their involvement. Along with this, the Municipal Solid waste collection, handling

and processing staff should be trained and sensitized.

The problem of waste management is becoming acute in the urban areas with the

growth of population and increase in the quantities of waste generating from various

sources. The inability of the local governments to effectively deal with the problem

and lack of awareness among the public and its involvement is making situation

worse. The solution to the problem lies in efficient management by the civic

authorities as well as active participation of the people in a coordinated manner.

Therefore, Information, Education & Communication (IEC) Plan and Training of

staffs responsible for Solid Waste Management becomes very necessary.

13. 2 Approaches of IEC Plan

The key to success of solid waste management system in any city is the cooperation

of the citizens. Citizens must be fully involved in the proper storage, collection and

safe disposal of waste and should be made aware of health risks associated with

improper solid waste management. It is also necessary to provide facilities for

imparting training to staff at various levels so that they can provide efficient service.

IEC should hence focus on creating awareness, motivating people to change their

habits, informing them of actions required to be taken, and maintaining the desired

habits by sustained efforts from both local governments, citizens, community based

organisation. The basic approach of IEC plan is to create an effective Solid Waste

Management System.


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To achieve an effective and efficient system, attitudinal and behavioural changes of

the residents are very important. For this purpose, communication with the residents

is required through various techniques and modes. There needs to be a two-way

approach for IEC Implementation:

13.3 Awareness about Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Waste

The ULB should emphasize on spreading awareness in general public on reduction of

waste generation at source; reuse it by making some other useful product out of the

waste or in the same form but with different application or hand in over to recyclers

for recycling.

The following measures may be taken to reduce, reuse and recycle of waste

generation:

1) All residents should be asked to reduce generation of food waste as far as

possible. They should be asked to hand over food waste to animal breeders

for feeding animals, if possible.

2) All hoteliers should be asked to put signboards or display notices to the

visitors advising them not to generate waste or minimize waste generation.

3) Traders who are collecting recyclable waste from citizens should be

encouraged and should be given incentives in terms of reduction in taxation

fee or license fee per ton of recyclable waste collected by them.

4) Usage of hard to recycle packaging material like PET bottles, metal coated

plastic films and multi film packs should be discouraged.

5) Usage of thin polythene bags (less than 20 micron) should be prohibited.

6) All floating population should be instructed not to liter any waste and

minimize waste generation in the city to keep it clean and green. Such

instructions may be given at bus stands, railway stations and other public

places through display boards.

7) Temple management should be asked to advise devotees not to generate

waste in the temple premises.

8) NGOs and voluntary organizations should be encouraged to organize

awareness programs and campaigns for reuse and recycle of waste. The

corporation may even think of extending nominal financial support to such

NGOs.


125


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13.4 Awareness about segregation of waste at source

The term sorting indicates separation and storage of individual constituents of waste

material so as to facilitate material and energy recovery and reduce the load on the

final disposal of MSW in the landfill. The public should be educated about the

desirable sorting stream, the following could be educated to the public and

households which will help the ULB to achieve better management of solid waste.

1. Dry recyclable materials – Paper, plastic, cardboard and cartons, containers,

packaging, glass, metals, tags, rubber wood, foils, wrappings, pouches, sachets, tetra

packs (rinsed), cassettes, computer diskettes, printer cartridges and electronic parts,

discarded clothing, furniture and equipment.

2. Bio-waste and Horticultural waste – Food waste (including eggshells and

bones), flower and food wastes, house sweepings, vegetable peelings.

3. Hazardous materials in household waste: Aerosol cans, batteries from

flashlights and button cells, bleaches and household kitchen and drain cleaning

agents, car batteries, oil filters and car care products and consumables, cosmetic

items (Chemical based), Insecticides and their empty containers, light bulbs, tube

lights and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), containers of Paint, oils, lubricants,

glues, thinner etc., pesticides and their empty containers, photographic chemicals,

Styrofoam and soft foam packing from new equipment, thermometers and mercury-

containing products.

Apart from the scientifically proven ideas, citizens can generate innovative ideas in

day to-day life to reduce the total quantity of waste generated.

13.5 Strategies for creating Awareness

Selection of key target audience plays a key role in generating effective awareness.

Once the target groups have been identified, the responsibility lies in developing the

approach for educating these groups. For successful implementation of any program

involving public at large, it is essential to spell out clearly and make them know the

manner in which the problem is proposed to be tackled to keep area clean and

improve the quality of life. The communication material should be developed and


126


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must be utilized in public awareness program through the tools of publicity. The use

of various publicity tools shall be made as under:

Group Education

This may be done through:

• Group meetings

• Workshops

• Exhibitions

• Lecture Series

• Panel discussions

Mass Education

This is very essential to cover the entire population as it is not possible to reach all

the people through group education programs. Mass Education programs can be

planned using following methods communication.

(i) Use of Print Media:

ULBs can also use newspaper delivery services by inserting handbills for readers in a

particular locality to announce the start of campaign from time to time and to adhere

to the systems introduced.

(ii) Use of TV / Cable TV / Radio/Web Site:

This is the very powerful medium and can be used through local programs to inform

the citizens of new waste collection arrangements made by the local body as and

when they become operational and advise them to participate effectively in the

prescribed manner. Contact numbers of the concerned officials for problem solving

or reporting of SWM grievances may also be publicized. This media may be used to

publicize successful efforts in some localities to motivate other citizens to perform

likewise and get similar recognition of their effort.

(iii) Use of Cinema Halls:

Slides in cinema theaters can be displayed to inform and motivate the public.


127


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(iv) Posters:

Attractive posters with good photographs and messages with a very few words,

readable from a distance, should be prepared and displayed in various parts of the

city where awareness campaign is being taken up.

(v) Pamphlets:

Pamphlets, hand bills can be printed giving instructions in very simple and

understandable language showing photographs in action and circulated in the

community requesting public participation.

(vi) Use of Hoarding:

Special hoarding may be put at strategic locations in the town/city carrying messages

seeking public participation. These hoarding should also carry the contact numbers.

(vii) Use of Public Transport System:

Brief messages can be painted on the rear of public buses or inside the bus panels.

Public and private firms having their own bus fleets may be invited to support such

efforts.

(viii) Use of School Children:

Children are powerful communicators. The ULB should hold regular meetings with

principals, teachers and students to explain the need for change, and the usefulness

to society of new ways to manage waste. The message can be reinforced by holding

essay, debate or drawing and painting competitions on the subject and publicizing

the winning contestants. Social clubs can be encouraged to sponsor such events to

keep the topic alive. The leading schools could be persuaded to work as a role model

for other schools in taking up awareness campaigns in the city through their

students, which should be highly publicized and other schools could be persuaded to

follow suit.

(ix) Involvement of National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Social Service (NSS) and

Scouts:

In the schools and colleges the students are participating in NCC, NSS and scout

activities. These students could also be sensitized on the public participatory aspect


128


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in solid waste management and as part of their activities they can be involved in the

awareness campaign to bring about a change in public behaviour.

(x) Involvement of Religious Leaders:

Religious leaders play a significant role in bringing about a change in the mind set of

the people. If they advise their devotees/disciples to keep their surroundings clean by

not littering anywhere and by managing their waste as advised by the urban local

body it will go a long way in improving the situation in the urban areas.

(xi) Involvement of Medical Practitioners:

Medical practitioners are held in high esteem by the citizens. A word from them to

the patients or the community to practice appropriate systems of waste management

at home, offices, shops and establishments would help substantially in bringing

compliance of the directions of the urban local body to keep the city clean.

(xii) Involvement of Mahila Mandals/Women Associations:

Women are generally found more concerned in maintenance of health and hygiene

and they are involved in domestic waste management on day to day basis. The

awareness among the women could be raised through Mahila Mandals/Women

Associations who could be given talking points and necessary literatures in a very

simple understandable language / graphics for creating awareness among women.

(xiii) Resident Associations:

Most citizens want a nearby facility to dispose of their waste, but nobody wants a

dustbin at their doorstep. Both needs can be met by the house-to-house collection

system. Neighbourhoods can be rewarded for good response to doorstep collection of

segregated waste. Groups that undertake to manage the cleaning of their own area

can be rewarded by ULBs through grants/subsidies.


129


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Exhibit 59 : IEC Modules used at Town Level


130


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131

ANNEXURE 1:

BOQ & Es tim ate s fo r Civil &

Ele ctrical W o rks

Estimates for Civil & Electrical Works for MSW Management for Saligrama Town Municipal Panchyath

Detailed estimates

Sl. No Description of Item Nos 1 Security Office 1.69 2 Workers Rest Room 3.5 3 Toilet block 5.41

4 weighbridge platform 1.99 5 Under ground water sump 3.1 6 Compost Plant‐windrow 42.89

7 Roofing for Windrow 40.98 8 Sanitary Landfill 73.62 9 Internal roads 72.47 10 Storm water drains 51.72

11 Electrical (Internal & External) 16.43 12 Gates 1.00 13 Plumbing and sanitary works 3.00

14 Monitoring Bore wells 1.50 15 DWCC 14.41 Total 333.71


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2

1.0 Detaile d Es tim ate fo r Se curity & Tim e Office (2 .5 x 2 .5 m )

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f Item No s Len gth Width Depth Qty Un its

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site clearance 1 4.30 4.30 18 .4 9 s qm

2 Earth work in excavation

For Foundation 4 3.44 0.90 1.05 12.98

For Entrance Step 1 1.36 1.10 0.25 0.37

13 .3 6 cum

3 PCC (1:4:8)

For Foundation 4 3.44 0.75 0.15 1.55


For Flooring 1 2.50 2.50 0.10 0.63

2 .2 5 cum

4 PCC (1:2:4)

For Plinth Protection 1 13.04 0.30 0.10 0 .3 9 cum

5 CRS Masonry in CM (1:6)

1st Footing 4 2.96 0.60 0.45 3.20

2nd Footing 4 2.96 0.45 0.30 1.60

4 .8 0 cum

6 DPC (1:3:6) 1 10.92 0.23 0.10 0 .2 5 cum

7 Laterite masonry in CM (1:6), 190 mm thk.

For Wall 4 2.50 0.23 3.00 6.90

Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) -1 0.90 0.23 2.10 (0.43)

For Window (W1) -2 1.80 0.23 1.20 (0.99)


1 1.36 0.90 0.15 0.18

1 1.36 0.60 0.15 0.12

1 1.36 0.30 0.15 0.06

6 .0 8 cum

8 KSRB 5-15 40x20x10

For Parapet wall 1 14.24 0.45 6.41

6 .4 1 s qm

9 RCC - M20

For Slab 1 3.56 3.56 0.13 1.58

Lin te l Be am : -

For Door (D1) 1 1.20 0.23 0.15 0.04

For Window (W1) 2 1.80 0.23 0.15 0.12


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3

Sl.


1.75 cum

10 Sun s h ade - RCC - M2 0

For Door (D1) 1 1.20 0.60 0.72

For Window (W1) 2 1.80 0.60 2.16

2 .8 8 s qm

11 Reinforcement Steel

Roof Slab 0.08

Lintel and Chejja 0.10

0 .18 To n n e

12 Chajja Shuttering 1 1.20 0.60 0.72

2 1.80 0.60 2.16

2 .8 8 s qm

13 Shuttering

Lin te l Be am :

For Door (D1) 2 1.20 0.15 0.36

For Window (W1) 4 1.80 0.15 1.08

1.4 4 s qm

14 Suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and likes, thickness upto 200 mm

For Slab 1 3.56 3.56 12.67

1 14.24 0.125 1.78

14 .4 5 s qm

Plastering

15 Inside

For Long Wall 2 2.50 3.00 15.00

For Short Wall 2 2.50 3.00 15.00

Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -1 0.90 2.10 (1.89)

For Window (W1) -2 1.50 1.20 (3.60)

Ceiling

1 2.50 2.50 6.25

For Sunshades -

2 1.20 0.60 1.44

1 2.40 0.075 0.18

4 1.80 0.60 4.32

2 3.00 0.075 0.45

3 7.15 s qm

16 Out Side

For Long Wall 2 2.96 3.00 17.76


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4

Sl.


For Short Wall 2 2.96 3.00 17.76

For Entrance Step 3 1.36 0.30 1.22

3 1.36 0.15 0.61

2 0.90 0.15 0.27

2 0.60 0.15 0.18

2 0.30 0.15 0.09


Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -1 0.90 2.10 (1.89)

For Window (W1) -2 1.50 1.20 (3.60)

4 6 .6 5 s qm

17 Extra For Water Proofing Compound

Slab 1 3.56 3.56 12 .6 7 s qm

Painting

18 Inside 3 7.15 s qm

19 Out side 4 6 .6 5 s qm

20 External Walls Painting 4 6 .6 5 s qm

21 Vitrified flooring

For Flooring 1 2.50 2.50 6.25

For Skirting 1 10.00 0.13 1.25


3 1.36 0.15 0.61

Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -1 0.90 0.13 (0.11)

9 .2 2 s qm

22 PVC Section Door Frame 1 6.40 6 .4 0 M

23 Solid Panel Prelam PVC Door Shutter

For Door (D1) 1 0.90 2.10 1.8 9 s qm

Kg/ m

24 M.S Grills 24 1.50 0.89 3 2 .0 4 Kgs

25 Supply and fixing of aluminum window and Ventilators with Shutters

For Window (W1) 2 1.50 1.20 3 .6 0 s qm

26 Backfilling with available soil

Total earth work in excavation 13.36

Deductions : -

PCC (1.62)

CRS (4.80)

For Flooring area 1 2.50 2.50 0.30 1.88


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5

Sl.


1.8 8 cum

27 Rain water pipe - 100 dia UPCV 1 3.20 3 .2 0 rm t

28 Name Board 1 1.0 0 No s

29 Providing and fixing fixtures fo r Do o r incluidng screws etc., complete as per specification

Hinges 5" heavy duty 4 4 .0 0 each

Tower Bolt 300mm lonq 2 2 .0 0 each

Aluminum handles - 15cms 2 2 .0 0 each

Locking arrangments 1 1.0 0 each

Screws 40 mm 24 2 4 .0 0 each

(P.No.XIII, Material Componenels, Fixtures of PW

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Secu rity & Tim e Office (2 .5 x 2 .5 m )

Sl. No Des criptio n o f Item Un its Qty Rate Am o u n t

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 KSRRB 200-9.Clearing and grubbing road land including uprooting rank vegetation, grass, brush, shrubs, saplings and trees of girth up to 300mm, by manual means, in area of Thorney jungle, removal of stumps, disposal of unserviceable materials, stacking of serviceable materials within a lead of 100 metres from road boundary, labour charges complete as per specifications.MORTH Chapter 2 (Page.120/Item No.18.12)

sqm 18.49 9.74 180.00

2 KSRB 2-2.1 : Earthwork excavation for foundation of buildings, culverts, water supply, sanitary lines and electrical conduits either in pits or in trenches 1.5m and above in width, in ordinary soil not exceeding 1.5 m. in depth including dressing the bottom and sides of pits and trenches, stacking the excavated soil clear from edges of excavation with lead up to 50 m. after breaking of clods complete as per specifications. specification. No. KBS 2.1(a) / 2.3.5 (Page 5/Item no. 2.3)

cum 13.36 195.25 2,608.21

3 KSRB 4-1.3: Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix M 7.5 with OPC cement @ 180 Kgs with 40mm and down size graded granite metal of coarse aggregates @ 0.85 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.57 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, well compacted in foundation and plinth including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.2 (Page - 12/ Item no.4.3)

cum 2.25 5,722.20 12,849.49


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6


1 2 3 4 5 6

4 KSRB 4-1.6: Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix M15 with OPC cement @ 240 Kgs with 20mm and down size graded granite metal of coarse aggregates @ 0.878 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.459 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, well compacted in foundation, plinth and cills including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.2 (Page - 12/ Item no.4.6)

cum 0.39 6,306.30 2,467.02

5 KSRB 5.2-3 : Providing and constructing granite / trap / basalt size stone masonry in foundation cement mortar 1:6, stone hammered dressed in courses not less than 20 cms high, bond stones at two m. apart in each course including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications.(Page.25/Item No. 5.6)

cum 4.80 4,931.30 23,646.57

6 KSRB 4-1.2 : Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 with OPC cement @ 220kgs, with 40mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.892cum and fine aggregates @ 0.465cum machine mixed, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.2

cum 0.25 5,997.20 1,506.26

7 Construction of laterite size stone masonry in CM 1:6 using available stonecuring etc complete as per specification. I.S. 3620/1979 having compressive strength not less than 3.5 N/mm2 for saturated dry samples FOR SUPER STRUCTURE (Cement = 45 kg.)

cum 6.08 2,270.40 13,812.43

8 KSRB 5-15: Providing and constructing non-load bearing wall with cement concrete solid blocks with compressive strength not less than 3.5 Newton/sqmm with cement mortar 1:4 (Jamb, closer blocks) with blocks of size 40X10X20cms. (1xbxh) conforming to IS 2185/1965 in superstructure including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specification. (P.No.28 I.No.5.28 of PW,P & IWTD SR 2011-12) Terrace Floor-Parapet

sqm 6.41 565.00 3,620.52


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7


1 2 3 4 5 6

9 KSRB 4-2.2: Providing and laying in position Reinforced Cement Concrete of design mix M-20 with OPC cement @ 320 Kgs with 20mm and down size graded granite metal of coarse aggregates @ 0.878 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.459 cum, with superplastisiser @ 3 Ltrs conforming to IS 9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation plinth and ground floor level for roof slabs, staircase, lintels, retaining walls, return walls, walls (any thickness) including attached plasters, columns, piers, abutments, pillars, posts, struts, buttresses, string or lacing courses, parapets, coping, bed blocks, anchor blocks, plain window cills, fillets etc., including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.6(Page - 13/ Item no.4.11)

cum 1.75 7,009.20 12,264.70

10 KSRB 4-2.10: Providing and laying in position Reinforced Cement Concrete of mix M-20 with OPC cement @ 24Kgs with 12mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.5175 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.345 cum, with superplastisiser @ 0.225 Ltrs, machine mixed, well compacted for Plain chajja of 7.5cms average thickness, up to ground floor level, including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.6(Page - 15/ Item no.4.19)

sqm 2.88 531.30 1,530.14

11 KSRB 4.9.2 : Providing TMT Steel reinforcement for R.C.C work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and / or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per Specification (Page.19/Item No.4.46)

Tonne 0.18 64,812.00 11,666.16

12 KSRB 4-6.10: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., for chajjas, corbels etc., including edges including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specification. Specification No.KBS 4.6.2

Sqm 2.88 216.15 622.51

13 KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., an removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beam haunchings, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels not exceeding 1m in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.6.2

sqm 1.44 238.70 343.73


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8


1 2 3 4 5 6

14 KSRB 4-6.2 : Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for flat surface such as suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and likes, thickness up to 200 mm including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.6.2 (Page.16/Item No.4.29)

sqm 14.45 594.00 8,585.44

Plastering -

15 KSRB15-3.5 : Providing 15mm thick cement plaster in single coat with cement mortar 1:4, to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering, : Providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications (Page.120/Item 15.13)

sqm 37.15 189.20 7,028.78

16 KSRB15-3.7 : Providing 18mm thick cement plaster in single coat with cement mortar 1:3, to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering, : Providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. (Page.120/Item 15.15)

sqm 46.65 248.60 11,596.20

17 KSRB15-4.4 Extra for providing and mixing waterproofing compound in cement plaster work at one kg per bag or in the proportion recommended by the manufacturers, forcement mortar 1:4, 18mm thick cost of materials complete as per specifications.

sqm 12.67 9.30 117.80

Painting - -

18 KSRB 15-14.1 :Providing and applying two coats with oil bound washable distemper of approved brand and shade on wall surface including priming coat with distemper primer after thoroughly brooming the surface free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including preparing the surface even and sand paper smooth, cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. (Page.124/ Item No.15.49.1)

sqm 37.15 74.58 2,770.65

19 KSRB 15-16.1 : Providing and finishing external walls in two coats with waterproof cement paint of approved brand and shade to give an even shade after thoroughly brooming the surface to remove all dirt and loose powdered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications.(Page.125/Item No.15.53.2) - with primer coat.

sqm 46.65 78.76 3,673.84


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9


1 2 3 4 5 6

20 providing and finishing external walls in two coats over one coat of 100% acrylic silicon glazed primer with antifungal paint for top coat of approved brand and shade and to give an even shade after thoroughly brooming the surface to remove all loose dirt and loose powdered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter, cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications

sqm 46.65 154.00 7,183.48

21 Providing and fixing Special make glazed Vitrified tiles (Granomite finish) of approved make, quality and colour of size 600x600x10mm thick fixed on existing flooring with a special roffe adhesive for flooring and skirting etc., complete including providing spears at required interval and removing stains etc., complete (Page.115/I.No.14.43)

sqm 9.22 973.50 8,979.08

22 Supply and fixing of door frame made of hollow extruded PVC Section (Nandi or Equivalent) having dimension of 40x57mm with the wall thickness of 2mm+/-0.2mm duly reinforced with seasoned wood plank at the hinges side. The door frame top 2corners shall be metric cut/ welded.

M 6.40 253.00 1,619.20

23 SOLID PANEL PVC DOOR SHUTTER Providing & fixing 30mm thick factory made rigid foam Panelled Door Shutters made from M.S. tube of 19 gauge thickness, size 19x19mm fro styles and 15x15mm for top & bottom rails, covered with heat moulded PVC channel of 5mm thick sheet & 30 x 50mm wide to form styles & 5mm thick & 75mm wide PVC Sheets for top rail, lock rail & bottom rail on either side & 5mm thick 20mm wide PVC sheet as gap insert for top rail & bottom rail, Panelling of 5mm thick PVC sheet fitted in the M.S. Frame, Sealed to the styles & rails with 5x30mm PVC sheet beading on either side & joined together with solvent cement adhesive etc., Complete as per manufacturers specification & direction of Engineer-in-charge fixed to frames with 3 nos of 75 m.m Aluminium hinges.

sqm 1.89 3,492.50 6,600.83

24 KSRB 7.9 : Providing and fixing M.S.grill work for windows and ventilators weighing 21kg/sqm using M.S. flats, or M.S. square rods, or combination of M.S. flats and square rods as per approved design, drawing including cutting steel sections and welding the same to required pattern with a coat of red lead primer, cost of materials, fixtures, labour and HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 7.12

Kgs 32.04 107.03 3,429.24


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10


1 2 3 4 5 6

25 KSRB 7.10 : Providing and fixing in position aluminium windows and ventilators as per approved drawings with sliding shutters using double track window frame section of size 61.85x31.75mm. with 1.2mm thick, bottom section weight 0.695 kg/m, sides and top sections 1.3 mm. thick weight 0.659 kg/m; and shutter comprising top and bottom section of size 40mmx18mm, 1.25mm thick 0.417 kg./m; shutter outer side 40mmx18mm, 1.25mm.thick weight 0.417 kg/m, shutter interlock section 40mmx26.7mm, 1.1mm thick, weight 0.469 kg/m. the shutters mounted on nylon rollers with approved quality of fixtures such as aluminium handles tower bolts etc.; and providing and fixing 5.5mm. thick plain glass for shutters fitted with rubber beading aluminium sections including cutting to required length, joints mitred subdividing the frame tenonned and rivetted in the assembled frame stiffened with end clips at corners angles etc., and fixed to the walls, lintels, floor beams/cills as the case may be with necessary steel screws, raul plugs, or teak wood gatties including cutting masonry or concrete and making good the original surface using cement mortar, aluminium sections pretreated for removal of any Specification No. KBSusing aluminium section anodized to 12 - 15 microns.

sqm 3.60 4,086.50 14,711.40

26 KSRB 2.3 : Filling available excavated earth ( excluding rock ) in sides of foundations up to plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. in depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead up to 50 m. and lift up to 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. (Page -6/Item no.2.10)

cum 1.88 131.45 246.47

27 Providing and fixing to wall, ceiling and floor unplasticised PVC pipes 10.00 kgf/sq.cm working pressure chemp plast / Wavin or equivalent make with pipe fittings, wall clips, making good the wall, ceiling and floor, including cost of all materials, labour charges, HOM of equipment's and testing complete as per specifications.

rmt 3.20 496.10 1,587.52

28 Providing & writing letters for Building name with approved colour synthetic enamel paint including primer & letter writing on the facia of the front portico/parapet as per the drawings enclosed for the purpose of name board of SWM buildings using white paint on the back ground & lettering with approved colour paint & providing border all around pheriphery as per the typical drawing enclosed including cost of all the materials, labour, scaffolding & transportation with all lead & lift etc., complete as per the directions of the Engineer-in-charge of the work

Nos 1.00 2,000.00 2,000.00


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11


1 2 3 4 5 6


Hinges 5" heavy duty Each 4.00 40.70 162.80

Tower Bolt 300mm lonq Each 2.00 127.60 255.20

Aluminum handles - 15cms Each 2.00 66.00 132.00

Locking arrangments Each 1.00 696.30 696.30

Screws 40 mm Each 24.00 3.30 79.20


Gran d To tal Am o u n t in INR :

16 8 ,573 .16


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12

2 .0 Detailed Es tim ate fo r Wo rker's Res t Ro o m

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site clearance 1 6.50 5.00 3 2 .50 s qm


For Foundation 2 7.89 0.90 1.05 14.91

3 3.00 0.90 1.05 8.51


2 3 .79 cum

3 PCC (1:3:6)

For Foundation 2 7.89 0.75 0.15 1.78

3 3.00 0.75 0.15 1.01


For Flooring 1 4.50 3.00 0.10 1.35

DPC (1:3:6) 1 21.78 0.23 0.10 0 .50

4 .71 cum

4 PCC (1:2:4)

For Plinth Protection 1 18.32 0.30 0.10 0 .55 cum


1st Footing 2 7.89 0.60 0.45 4.26

3 3.00 0.60 0.45 2.43

2nd Footing 2 7.89 0.45 0.30 2.13

3 3.00 0.45 0.30 1.22

10 .0 4 cum

6 Laterite masonry in CM (1:6), 190 mm thk.

For Wall 2 7.89 0.23 3.00 10.89

3 3.00 0.23 3.00 6.21

Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 0.23 2.10 (0.87)

For Window (W1) -2 1.80 0.23 1.20 (0.99)


1 1.36 0.90 0.15 0.18

1 1.36 0.60 0.15 0.12

1 1.36 0.30 0.15 0.06

15.8 5 cum

7 KSRB 5-15 40x20x10


9 .8 0 s qm

8 RCC - M20


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

For Slab 1 8.49 4.06 0.13 4.31

Lin te l Be am : -

For Door (D1) 2 1.20 0.23 0.15 0.08

For Window (W1) 2 1.80 0.23 0.15 0.12

4 .52 cum

9 Sun s h ade - RCC - M2 0

For Door (D1) 2 1.20 0.60 1.44

For Window (W1) 2 1.80 0.60 2.16

3 .6 0 s qm


Roof Slab 0.16

Lintel and Chejja 0.10

0 .2 6 To n n

e

11 Chajja Shuttering 2 1.20 0.60 1.44

2 1.80 0.60 2.16

3 .6 0 s qm

12 Shuttering

Lin te l Be am :

For Door (D1) 4 1.20 0.15 0.72

For Window (W1) 4 1.80 0.15 1.08

1.8 0 s qm

13 Suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and likes, thickness upto 200 mm

For Slab 1 8.49 4.06 34.47

1 25.10 0.125 3.14

3 7.6 1 s qm

Plastering

14 Inside

For Long Wall 4 3.60 3.00 43.20

For Short Wall 4 3.00 3.00 36.00

Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 2.10 (3.78)

For Window (W1) -2 1.50 1.20 (3.60)

Ceiling

2 3.60 3.00 21.60

For Sunshades -

2 1.20 0.60 1.44

1 2.40 0.075 0.18


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4 1.80 0.60 4.32

2 3.00 0.075 0.45

9 9 .8 1 s qm

15 Out Side

For Long Wall 2 7.89 3.20 50.50

For Short Wall 4 3.46 3.20 44.29


3 1.36 0.15 0.61

2 0.90 0.15 0.27

2 0.60 0.15 0.18

2 0.30 0.15 0.09


Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 2.10 (3.78)

For Window (W1) -2 1.50 1.20 (3.60)

111.5

6

s qm


Slab 1 8.49 4.06 3 4 .4 7 s qm

Painting

17 Inside 9 9 .8 1 s qm

18 Out side 111.5

6

s qm

19 External Walls Painting 111.5

6

s qm

20 Vitrified flooring

For Flooring 2 3.60 3.00 21.60

For Skirting 2 13.20 0.13 3.30


3 1.36 0.15 0.61

Deductions : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 0.13 (0.23)

2 6 .51 s qm

21 PVC Section Door Frame 2 6.40 12 .8 0 M

22 Solid Panel Prelam PVC Door Shutter

For Door (D1) 2 0.90 2.10 3 .78 s qm

Kg/ m

23 M.S Grills 24 1.50 0.89 3 2 .0 4 Kgs


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15

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

24 Supply and fixing of aluminum window and Ventilators with Shutters

For Window (W1) 2 1.50 1.20 3 .6 0 s qm



Deductions : -

PCC (2.86)

CRS (10.04)


6 .4 8 cum

26 Rain water pipe - 100 dia UPCV 2 3.20 6 .4 0 rm t


28 Providing and fixing fixtures fo r Do o r

incluidng screws etc., complete as per specification

Hinges 5" heavy duty 4 4 .0 0 each




Screws 40 mm 24 2 4 .0

0

each


Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Wo rker's Res t Ro o m

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f Item Un its Qty Rate Am o u n t

1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 32.50 9.74 316.39


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16

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 23.79 195.25 4,645.21


cum 4.71 5,997.20 28,267.74


cum 0.55 6,306.30 3,465.94


cum 10.04 4,931.30 49,490.03


cum 15.85 2,270.40 35,979.48


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17

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

7 KSRB 5-15: Providing and constructing non-load bearing wall with cement concrete solid blocks with compressive strength not less than 3.5 Newton/sqmm with cement mortar 1:4 (Jamb, closer blocks) with blocks of size 40X10X20cms. (1xbxh) conforming to IS 2185/1965 in superstructure including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specification. (P.No.28 I.No.5.28 of PW,P & IWTD SR 2011-12) Terrace Floor-Parapet

sqm 9.80 565.00 5,537.57


cum 4.52 7,009.20 31,651.27

9 KSRB 4-2.10: Providing and laying in position Reinforced Cement Concrete of mix M-20 with OPC cement @ 24Kgs with 12mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.5175 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.345 cum, with superplastisiser @ 0.225 Ltrs, machine mixed, well compacted for Plain chajja of 7.5cms average thickness, up to ground floor level, including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.6(Page - 15/ Item no.4.19)

sqm 3.60 531.30 1,912.68


Tonne 0.26 64,812.00 16,851.12


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18

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

11 KSRB 4-6.10: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., for chajjas, corbels etc., including edges including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specification. Specification No.KBS 4.6.2

Sqm 3.60 216.15 778.14


sqm 1.80 238.70 429.66

13 KSRB 4-6.2 : Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for flat surface such as suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and likes, thickness up to 200 mm including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.6.2 (Page.16/Item No.4.29)

sqm 37.61 594.00 22,338.50

Plastering -


sqm 99.81 189.20 18,884.05


sqm 111.56 248.60 27,733.82


sqm 34.47 9.30 320.39

Painting - -


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19

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 99.81 74.58 7,443.83


sqm 111.56 78.76 8,786.47


sqm 111.56 154.00 17,180.24

20 Providing and fixing Special make glazed Vitrified tiles (Granomite finish) of approved make, quality and colour of size 600x600x10mm thick fixed on existing flooring with a special roffe adhesive for flooring and skirting etc., complete including providing spears at required interval and removing stains etc., complete (Page.115/I.No.14.43)

sqm 26.51 973.50 25,808.46

21 Supply and fixing of door frame made of hollow extruded PVC Section (Nandi or Equivalent) having dimension of 40x57mm with the wall thickness of 2mm+/-0.2mm duly reinforced with seasoned wood plank at the hinges side. The door frame top 2corners shall be metric cut/ welded.

M 12.80 253.00 3,238.40


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20

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

22 SOLID PANEL PVC DOOR SHUTTER Providing & fixing 30mm thick factory made rigid foam Panelled Door Shutters made from M.S. tube of 19 gauge thickness, size 19x19mm fro styles and 15x15mm for top & bottom rails, covered with heat moulded PVC channel of 5mm thick sheet & 30 x 50mm wide to form styles & 5mm thick & 75mm wide PVC Sheets for top rail, lock rail & bottom rail on either side & 5mm thick 20mm wide PVC sheet as gap insert for top rail & bottom rail, Panelling of 5mm thick PVC sheet fitted in the M.S. Frame, Sealed to the styles & rails with 5x30mm PVC sheet beading on either side & joined together with solvent cement adhesive etc., Complete as per manufacturers specification & direction of Engineer-in-charge fixed to frames with 3 nos of 75 m.m Aluminium hinges.

sqm 3.78 3,492.50 13,201.65

23 KSRB 7.9 : Providing and fixing M.S.grill work for windows and ventilators weighing 21kg/sqm using M.S. flats, or M.S. square rods, or combination of M.S. flats and square rods as per approved design, drawing including cutting steel sections and welding the same to required pattern with a coat of red lead primer, cost of materials, fixtures, labour and HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 7.12

Kgs 32.04 107.03 3,429.24

24 KSRB 7.10 : Providing and fixing in position aluminium windows and ventilators as per approved drawings with sliding shutters using double track window frame section of size 61.85x31.75mm. with 1.2mm thick, bottom section weight 0.695 kg/m, sides and top sections 1.3 mm. thick weight 0.659 kg/m; and shutter comprising top and bottom section of size 40mmx18mm, 1.25mm thick 0.417 kg./m; shutter outer side 40mmx18mm, 1.25mm.thick weight 0.417 kg/m, shutter interlock section 40mmx26.7mm, 1.1mm thick, weight 0.469 kg/m. the shutters mounted on nylon rollers with approved quality of fixtures such as aluminium handles tower bolts etc.; and providing and fixing 5.5mm. thick plain glass for shutters fitted with rubber beading aluminium sections including cutting to required length, joints mitred subdividing the frame tenonned and rivetted in the assembled frame stiffened with end clips at corners angles etc., and fixed to the walls, lintels, floor beams/cills as the case may be with necessary steel screws, raul plugs, or teak wood gatties including cutting masonry or concrete and making good the original surface using cement mortar, aluminium sections pretreated for removal of any Specification No. KBSusing aluminium section anodized to 12 - 15 microns.

sqm 3.60 4,086.50 14,711.40


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 6.48 131.45 851.80


rmt 6.40 496.10 3,175.04


nos 1.00 2,000.00 2,000.00


Hinges 5" heavy duty Each 4.00 40.70 162.80




Screws 40 mm Each 24.00 3.30 79.20



3 4 9 ,754 .0 2


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22

3 .0 Detailed Es tim ate fo r To ile t Blo ck & Septic Tan k w ith So ak Pit

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site clearance

For Toilet Block 1 11.00 11.00 121.00

For Septic tank and Sock Pit 1 8.69 3.99 34.67

155.6 7 s qm


To ile t Blo ck :

For Foundation 2 7.31 0.90 1.05 13.82

2 3.30 0.90 1.05 6.24

2 3.30 0.60 0.90 3.56

Septic Tan k & So ck Pit : -

For Septic Tank 1 2.89 2.19 2.00 12.66

For Sock Pit 1 - 3.00 -

3 6 .2 8 cum

3 PCC (1:3:6)

To ile t Blo ck :

For Foundation 2 7.31 0.75 0.15 1.64

2 3.30 0.75 0.15 0.74

1 3.30 0.45 0.15 0.22

For Flooring 1 6.10 3.30 0.10 2.01

For Plinth Protection 1 21.84 0.45 0.10 0.98

For Washing area 1 2.50 2.50 0.15 0.94

DPC (1:3:6) 1 20.84 0.23 0.10 0.48 cum


For Septic Tank 1 2.89 2.19 0.25 1.58

For Sock Pit 1 (2.61) 0.19 0.10 (0.05)

8 .56 cum


1st Footing 2 6.56 0.60 0.45 3.54

2 3.86 0.60 0.45 2.08

2nd Footing 2 6.56 0.45 0.30 1.77

2 3.86 0.45 0.30 1.04

8 .4 4 cum

5 Laterite work in CM (1:6),

To ile t Blo ck :

For Wall 2 3.30 0.23 3.00 4.55


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 6.56 0.23 3.00 9.05

Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 0.23 2.10 (0.87)

For Door (D2) 0 0.90 0.23 2.10 -

For Ventilator (V) -6 0.45 0.23 0.45 (0.28)


Fo r Septic Tan k

For Long Wall - 230 mm thk. 2 2.69 0.23 0.60 0.74

For Short Wall - 230 mm thk. 2 1.30 0.23 0.60 0.36

For Long Wall - 230 mm thk. 2 2.46 0.23 1.20 1.36

For Short Wall - 230 mm thk. 2 1.30 0.23 1.20 0.72

Fo r So ck Pit

For Honey come Wall 1 (2.61) 0.19 2.00 (0.50)

For Wall - 230 mm 1 (2.61) 0.19 1.00 (0.50)

14 .6 4 cum

6 KSRB 5-15 40x20x10

To ile t Blo ck :

For Parapet Wall 1 23.04 0.45 10.37

For Partion walls 2 1.40 3.00 8.40

2 3.00 3.00 18.00

1 3.30 3.00 9.90

1 1.50 3.00 4.50

Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) 0 0.90 2.10 -

For Door (D2) -4 0.75 2.10 (6.30)

4 4 .8 7 s qm

7 RCC - M20

To ile t Blo ck :

Lin te l Be am :

For Door (D1) 2 1.20 0.23 0.15 0.08

For Door (D2) 4 1.05 0.10 0.15 0.06

For Slab 1 7.16 4.46 0.125 3.99


Fo r Septic Tan k -

For Slab 1 2.46 1.76 0.10 0.43

Fo r So ck Pit -

For Slab 1 0.28 0.10 0.03

4 .6 0 cum


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 Re in fo rce m e n t Ste e l

Lintel 0 .18

Slab 0 .3 4

0 .52 To n n e

9 Shutterin g

Toilet Block :

Lintel Beam :

For Door (D1) 4 1.20 0.15 0.72

For Door (D2) 8 1.05 0.15 1.26

For Slab 1 7.16 4.46 31.93

1 23.24 0.13 2.91


Fo r Septic Tan k -

For Slab 1 2.46 1.76 4.33

1 5.98 0.10 0.60

Fo r So ck Pit -

For Slab 1 0.28 0.28

1 (1.88) 0.10 (0.19)

4 1.8 4 s qm

Plas te rin g

10 Inside

For Wall 8 1.40 3.00 33.60

4 1.80 3.00 21.60

For Partition wall 4 1.50 3.00 18.00

4 1.40 3.00 16.80

2 1.50 3.00 9.00

2 3.00 3.00 18.00

For Septic Tank 2 2.00 1.80 7.20

2 1.30 1.80 4.68

Deductio n s :

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 2.10 (3.78)

For Door (D2) -4 0.75 2.10 (6.30)

Ventillators -6 0.60 0.45 (1.62)

For Slab 1 2.46 1.76 4.33

12 1.51 s qm

11 Out Side

For Wall 2 6.56 3.30 43.30

2 3.76 3.30 24.82


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 2.10 (3.78)

For Door (D2) 0 0.75 2.10 -

Ventillators -4 0.60 0.45 (1.08)


10 9 .6 8 s qm


Slab 1 7.16 4.46 3 1.9 3 s qm

Painting

13 Inside 12 1.51 s qm

14 Out Side 10 9 .6 8 s qm

15 External Walls 10 9 .6 8 s qm

16 Flooring with ceramic tiles

For Flooring area 2 3.00 1.80 10.80

4 1.50 1.45 8.70

For Skirting 2 3.00 0.125 0.75

4 1.80 0.125 0.90

Deductio n s : -

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 0.125 (0.23)

2 0 .9 3 s qm

17 Dado tiles

For Wall 8 1.40 2.10 23.52

4 1.80 2.10 15.12

For Partition wall 4 1.50 2.10 12.60

4 1.40 2.10 11.76

2 1.50 2.10 6.30

2 3.00 2.10 12.60

Deductio n s :

For Door (D1) -2 0.90 - -

For Door (D2) -4 0.75 2.10 (6.30)

75.6 0 s qm

18 Supply and fixing of PVC Door

For Door (D1) 2 0.90 2.10 3.78

For Door (D2) 4 0.75 2.10 6.30

10 .0 8 s qm


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

19 KSRB 11-3: Providing & fixing White Vitreous China clay, Water closet Indian type (squatting pan) of size 580mm with foot rests, 100mm S or P trap, (approved makeincluding cost of materials, labour) cutting & making good the wall & floor wherever required, complete as per specifications.

2 2 .0 0 pan

20 KSRB 11-11.4 : Providing and fixing white vitreuos china clay, flat back wash basin size 550x400mm with a single 15mm CP. Brass pillar tap with CI/MS bracekets, 32mm CP brass waste of standard pattern, painting of fittings and brackets, cutting and making good the wall and floor wherver required, including cost of materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 11

2 2 .0 0 un it

21 Providing & fixing to wall, ceiling and floor unplasticised PVC 6.00 kgs/sqcm working pressure with pipe fittings, wall clips etc., and making good the wall, ceiling and floor for sanitary pipelines including cost of all materials, labour charges, HOM of acquirements and testing complete as per specification. 110mm dia

4 4.00 16 .0 0 m

22 KSRB 13-8.6: Providing & fixing to wall, ceiling and floor medium density polyethylene pipes 6.00 kgs/sqcm working pressure 20mm outside diameter with special flange, compression type fittings, wall clips etc., and making good the wall, ceiling and floor for sanitary pipelines including cost of all materials, labour charges, HOM of acquirements and testing complete as per specification. No. KBS 13.2.15.1/13.9 for internal water supply connection.63mm dia

4 15.00 6 0 .0 0 m

23 Providing & Fixing CI Nahani trap of approved make conforming to ISI specifications & Construction of Cistern inM-15, 12.50 cmsX7.5 cms

6 6 .0 0 each


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

27

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

24 PVC Lead connection pipe 32mm dia for Wash Basins 32mm, (P.No.XVIII, I.No.519 Material Components

4 4 .0 0 each

25 I'VC Storage tank SI. No.853, Item No. .'i()3 in Material Components

1,0 0 0 .0 0 L

26 Brass Bib cock 6 6 .0 0 each

27 Manhole 1 1.0 0 each

28 Providing and fixing fixtures fo r

Do o r incluidng screws etc., complete as per specification

Hinqes 5" heavy duty 4 4 .0 0 each




40mm Screws 24 2 4 .0 0 each


29 Supply and fixing of Ventilator in thick plain glass panels

Ventillators 4 0.60 0.45 1.0 8 s qm

30 Rain water pipe - 100 dia UPCV 1 3.70 3 .70 rm t


Total Earth work in excavation 36.28

Deductio n s : -

For PCC 8.56

For Septic Tank -1 2.46 1.76 1.75 (7.58)

For Sock pit -1 - 2.90 -

37.25


4 0 .6 3 cum

32 Sand Filling

For Sock Pit 1 (0.47) 0.15 2.00 (0 .14 ) cum

33 Stone Spalls Quarry Rubbish

For Sock Pit 1 5.06 0.15 2.00 1.52 cum

34 Supply and fixing of Manhole cover 450 dia

1 1.0 0 n o s

35 PCV Foot Rest 7 7.0 0 n o s

36 Name Board 3 3 .0 0 No s


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r To ile t Blo ck & Septic Tan k w ith So ak Pit

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 155.67 9.74 1,515.48


cum 36.28 195.25 7,082.71


cum 8.56 5,997.20 51,308.16


Cum 8.44 4,931.30 41,621.16


cum 14.64 2,270.40 33,247.40


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

29

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

6 KSRB 5-15: Providing and constructing non-load bearing wall with cement concrete solid blocks with compressive strength not less than 3.5 Newton/sqmm with cement mortar 1:4 (Jamb, closer blocks) with blocks of size 40X10X20cms. (1xbxh) conforming to IS 2185/1965 in superstructure including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specification.

sqm 44.87 748.57 33,586.93


cum 4.60 7,009.20 32,233.45


Tonne 0.52 64,812.00 33,702.24

9 KSRB 4-6.1 : Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.6.2 (Page.16/Item No.4.28)

sqm 41.84 216.15 9,043.81

Plastering - -


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

30

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 121.51 189.20 22,989.62


sqm 109.68 248.60 27,265.85


sqm 31.93 9.30 296.98

Painting - -


sqm 121.51 74.58 9,062.19


sqm 109.68 78.76 8,638.21


sqm 109.68 154.00 16,890.35


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

16 KSRB 14.14-5: Providing Ceramic tiles of approved make, shade and size for flooring, treads of steps and landings laid on a bed of 12mm thick, cement mortar 1:3 mix, flush pointing with white cement using colour pigment , including cost of materials, labour, curing, complete as per specifications. (Page.114/Item No.14.36) for Ceramic Tiles of size 30x30cms

sqm 20.93 1,072.50 22,442.06

17 KSRB 14-17.1 : Providing skirting, dado, rises of steps with white glazed tiles 6mm thick on 10mm thick cement plaster 1:3 and jointed with white cement slurry over rough plaster surface (excluding cost of rough plastered surface which should be measured and paid separately) using glazed tiles of approved make and size including cost of materials, labour, complete as per Specification No.KBS 14.16, 14.17 (Page.115/Item No.14.40)

sqm 75.60 973.50 73,596.60

18 SOLID PANEL PRELAM PVC DOOR SHUTTER Providing & fixing 30mm thick factory made rigid foam Prelam Panelled Door Shutters made from M.S. tube of 19x19mm, 19 gauge for styles and 15x15mm for top & bottom rails, covered with heat moulded Prelaminated PVC C Channel of 5mm thick sheet & 30x50mm wide to form styles & 5mm thick & 75mm wide Prelaminated PVC Sheets for top rail, lock rail & bottom rail on either side & 5mm thick, 20mm wide cross PVC sheet as gap insert for top rail & bottom rail, Panelling of 5mm thick PVC sheet Prelaminated on either side fitted in the M.S. frame, Sealed to the styles & rails with PVC Designer beading on either side & joined together with solvent cement adhesive etc., Complete as per manufacturers specification & direction of Engineer-in-charge fixed to frames with 3 nos of 75mm. Aluminium hinges. with both side prelam

sqm 10.08 4,391.20 44,263.30

19 KSRB 11-3: Providing & fixing White Vitreous China clay, Water closet Indian type (squatting pan) of size 580mm with foot rests, 100mm S or P trap, (approved makeincluding cost of materials, labour) cutting & making good the wall & floor wherever required, complete as per specifications.

pan 2.00 1,732.50 3,465.00

20 KSRB 11-11.4 : Providing and fixing white vitreuos china clay, flat back wash basin size 550x400mm with a single 15mm CP. Brass pillar tap with CI/MS bracekets, 32mm CP brass waste of standard pattern, painting of fittings and brackets, cutting and making good the wall and floor wherver required, including cost of materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 11

Unit 2.00 2,996.40 5,992.80


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

32

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

21 Providing & fixing to wall, ceiling and floor unplasticised PVC 6.00 kgs/sqcm working pressure with pipe fittings, wall clips etc., and making good the wall, ceiling and floor for sanitary pipelines including cost of all materials, labour charges, HOM of acquirements and testing complete as per specification. 110mm dia

m 16.00 451.00 7,216.00

22 KSRB 13-8.6: Providing & fixing to wall, ceiling and floor medium density polyethylene pipes 6.00 kgs/sqcm working pressure 20mm outside diameter with special flange, compression type fittings, wall clips etc., and making good the wall, ceiling and floor for sanitary pipelines including cost of all materials, labour charges, HOM of acquirements and testing complete as per specification. No. KBS 13.2.15.1/13.9 for internal water supply connection.63mm dia

m 60.00 297.55 17,853.00

23 Providing & Fixing CI Nahani trap of approved make conforming to ISI specifications & Construction of Cistern inM-15, 12.50 cmsX7.5 cms

Each 6.00 313.50 1,881.00

24 PVC Lead connection pipe 32mm dia for Wash Basins 32mm, (P.No.XVIII, I.No.519 Material Components

Each 4.00 150.70 602.80

25 I'VC Storage tank SI. No.853, Item No. .'i()3 in Material Components

L 1,000.00 5.50 5,500.00

26 KSRB13-6.1-2 : Providing and fixing in position brass bib cock of approved quality 20mm nominal bore including cost of all materials, labour and HOM of equipments with all leads complete as per specifications. Specification No.KBS 13.2.2 / 13.3

Each 6.00 265.65 1,593.90


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33

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

27 Constructing brick masonry inspection chamber 450x450mm, and 450mm depth, ( clear inside dimension ) for single pipeline, using table moulded non-modular bricks of class designation 50 in cement mortar 1:5, C.I cover withframe (light duty) 455x610mm internal dimensions, total weight of cover with frame to be not less than 38 kg ( weight of cover 23kg and weight of frame 15 kg) R.C.C. top slab with cement concrete M 15 with 20mm and downsize granite metal, foundation concrete M 5 with 40mm and downsize granite metal inside plastering 12mm thick with cement mortar 1:3, finish smooth with a floating coat of cement on walls and bed concrete complete as per standard design including cost of materials, labour charges, curing complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 450x450mm and 450mm depth ( clear inside dimension ) for single pipeline, using table moulded non-modular bricks of class designation 50 in cement mortar 1:5, C.I cover withframe (light duty) 450x450mm

nos 1.00 4,901.60 4,901.60


Hinqes 5" heavy duty Each 4.00 40.70 162.80




40mm Screws Each 24.00 3.30 79.20


29 KSRB 9-26.3 : Providing and fixing in position fully glazed shutters for ventilators side hung or central pivoted with Mathi/ Nandi wood styles and rails of 25mm. thick, 50mm wide and central divider of 25mm. wide, 3mm thick reeded glass fixed with wooden beading of size 10mm wide flushed to the thickness of the frame including cost of materials, labour charges, HOM of machineries complete as per specifications. ( excluding cost of fixtures ) Specification No. KBS 9.34, 9.42

sqm 1.08 2,250.60 2,430.65


rmt 3.70 496.10 1,835.57


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34

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 40.63 131.45 5,340.24

32 KSRB 2.6 : Providing and filling sand in foundation up to plinth to required depth for sub soil treatment including watering ramming with lead up to 50m. and lift up to 1.5 m. complete as per specifications. specification. No. KBS 2.10.2 (Page -6/Item no.2.13)

cum (0.14) 1,879.90 (265.76)

33 Supply and fixing of Stone Spalls Quarry Rubbish cum 1.52 1,320.00 2,003.76

34 Supply and fixing of Manhole cover 450 dia nos 1.00 2,750.00 2,750.00

35 KSRB 12-6.1 : Providing 20mm square M.S footrest and fixing in manhole with 1:3:6 cement concrete block of 20x20x10cms, using 20mm and down size metal of size including cost of materials, labour charges, curing complete as per specifications.(Page.74/I.No.11.44)

nos 7.00 293.15 2,052.05


nos 3.00 2,000.00 6,000.00


54 1,2 6 4 .6 0


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35

4 . Detaile d Es tim ate fo r Un der Gro un d Su m p - 5 .0 0 x 4 .0 0 x 2 .50 + 0 .50 m FB

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Earth work in excavation 1 7.40 6.40 3.00 14 2 .0 8 cum

2 PCC (1:3:6) 1 5.70 4.70 0.15 4 .0 2 cum

3 RCC - M20

For Raft 1 5.40 4.40 0.20 4.75

For Walls 2 5.40 0.20 2.50 5.40

2 4.00 0.20 2.50 4.00

For Slab 1 5.40 4.40 0.15 3.56

17.72 cum

4 Reinforcement Steel 1 0 .9 0 To n n e

5 Shuttering

For Raft 1 19.60 0.20 3.92

For Walls 4 5.40 2.50 54.00

4 4.00 2.50 40.00

For Slab 1 5.40 4.40 23.76

1 19.60 0.15 2.94

12 4 .6 2 s qm

6 Backfilling


Deductions :

PCC (1:3:6) -4.02

RCC - M25 -4.75

-1 5.40 4.40 2.65 -62.96

Backfilling With available earth 70 .3 5 cum

7 PVC Water Stopper 3 18.80 56 .4 0 rm t

8 Manhole Cover and Frame (600 x 600 mm)

1 1.0 0 n o s

9 25 Dia MS Rod with PVC Covering 14 14 .0 0 n o s


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

36

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Un de r Gro un d Su m p - 5 .0 0 x 4 .0 0 x 2 .50 + 0 .50 m FB

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 142.08 195.25 27,741.12


cum 4.02 5,997.20 24,099.75


cum 17.72 7,009.20 124,174.99


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


kg 0.90 64,812.00 58,330.80


sqm 124.62 216.15 26,936.61


cum 70.35 131.45 9,246.92

7 Supply and laying of PVC Water Stopper rmt 56.40 495.00 27,918.00

8 Supply and fixing of Manhole cover 450 dia nos 1.00 2,750.00 2,750.00

9 KSRB 12-6.1 : Providing 20mm square M.S footrest and fixing in manhole with 1:3:6 cement concrete block of 20x20x10cms, using 20mm and down size metal of size including cost of materials, labour charges, curing complete as per specifications.(Page.74/I.No.11.44)

nos 14.00 293.15 4,104.10


3 0 5,3 0 2 .2 8


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38

5.0 De tailed Es tim ate fo r Co m po s t Pro ces s in g Plan t (16 .5 m x 50 .0 m )

Sl. No

Des criptio n o f Item Nos

Len gth W idth Depth Qty Un its

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site cleareance 1 20.50 54.00 1,10 7.0 0 s qm


For Foundation 26 1.80 1.80 1.80 151.63

Curtain wall 1 87.20 0.30 1.00 26.16

151.6 3 cum

3 PCC (1:3:6)

Footing 26 1.60 1.60 0.10 6.66

Curtain wall 1 126.20 0.10 0.10 1.26

6 .6 6 cum

4 WMM, Flooring Area 1 16.50 50.00 0.10 8 2 .50 cum

5 RCC - M20

Footing 26 1.40 1.40 0.30 15.29

For Pedestals up to GL 26 0.45 0.23 1.40 3.77

For Column above GL 26 0.45 0.23 4.50 12.11

Plinth beam 1 16.50 0.23 0.45 1.71

2 50.50 0.23 0.45 10.45

Tie Beam 2 50.50 0.23 0.45 10.45

Curtain wall 1 126.20 0.10 0.90 11.36

6 5.14 cum

6 DLC, Flooring Area 1 16.50 50.00 0.10 8 2 .50 cum

7 M 30 , Flooring Area 1 16.50 50.00 0.20 16 5.0 0 cum


For Foundations 0.95

For Columns 2.95

For Plinth Beam 1.40

For Tie Beam 1.20

Curtain wall 0.90

7.4 0 To n n

e

9 Shuttering

Footing 26 5.60 0.30 43.68

For Pedestals up to GL 26 1.36 1.40 49.50

For Column above GL 26 1.36 4.50 159.12


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

39

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f Item

No

s Len gth W idth Depth Qty Un its

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 52 .3 0 s qm

10 Shuttering for Tie Beam and Plinth Beam

For Plinth Beam 4 51.60 0.45 92.88

4 16.00 0.45 28.80

For Tie Beam 4 51.60 0.45 92.88

2 51.60 0.23 23.74

2 3 8 .3 0

11 Backfilling with available Soil

Total earth work 151.63

Deductions : -

PCC (6.66)

RCC - M25 (19.06)

12 5.9 2 cum

12 M S Angular Truss L Kg

Angular Truss 13 582.30 7,569.90

Tie member 150.00 525.00

2,100.00

19,320.00

2 7,4 14 .9

0

Kgs


1 140.00 1.20 1.00 16 8 .0 0 Cu m


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40

Sl.


No


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

14 KSRB 4-1.7: Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 with OPC cement @220 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.84 Cum and Fine aggregates @ 0.56 Cum, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted in foundation , plinth and cills including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinary, curing complete as per specifications KBS no. 4.1,4.2 page no.13

1 140.00 1.20 0.10 16 .8 0 Cu m

15 KSRRB M2200 : - Plain/ Reinforced Cement Concrete in sub-structure complete as per drawing and technical specifications complete as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 1500, 1700 & 2200 KSRRB M2200-5.9: - Design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and downsize graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69 cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisizer @ 3lts confirming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed - 2008 - i) upto 5m height including cost of all labour charges complete as per specifications. as directed by the Engineer, with all lead and lift etc. complete as per specifications.

Raft 1 140.00 1.00 0.10 14.00

Walls 2 140.00 0.60 0.200 33.60

Slab 1 140.00 1.00 0.20 28.00

75.6 0 Cu m

16 KSRRB M2200-6. Supplying, fitting and placing TMT bar reinforcement in sub structure complete as per drawing and technical specifications complete as per specifications. MORTH specification No. 1600 & 2200 including cost of all labour charges complete as per specifications. as directed by the Engineer, with all lead and lift etc. complete as per specifications.

For Drain MB 10mm 150C/c, DB 10mm 200 c/c. For Slab

MB 12 mm 200 c/c, DB 10 mm 200 c/c

5.0 0 To n n

e


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

41

Sl.


No


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

17 KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of columns for mass concrete inclusing cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications.KBS 4.6.2 Item no.4.2.8 page no.15

4 140.00 0.60 336.00

1 140.00 0.60 84.00

2 140.00 0.20 56.00

4 76 .0 0 Sqm

18 Asbestos Sheets 1 16.50 50 825.00

1 133.00 0.9 119.70

9 4 4 .70 Sqm



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

42

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Co m po s t Pro ces s in g Plan t

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 1,107.00 9.74 10,776.65


cum 151.63 195.25 29,606.15

3 KSRB 4-1.2: Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs with 20mm and down size graded granite metal of coarse aggregates @ 0.84 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.56 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, well compacted in foundation, plinth and cills including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.2

cum 6.66 5,722.20 38,086.96

4 KSRRB M400-17. Providing, laying, spreading and compacting graded stones aggregate to wet mix macadam specifications including pre mixing the material with water at OMC in mechanical mix plant carriage of mixed method of tipper to site, laying in uniform layers with paver in sub-base/base course on well prepared surface and compacting with vibratory roller to achieve the desired density complete as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 406 (Page.143/Item No.20.18)

cum 82.50 2,833.60 233,772.00


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 65.14 7,009.20 456,562.82

6 KSRRB M600-1: Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix M5 with OPC cement @ 160Kgs,with 25mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86cum and fine aggregates @ 0.58cum Sub –base over a prepared sub grade with coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS:383, aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1, aggregate gradation AFTER BLENDING TO BE AS PER Table 600-1, cement concrete not less than 160Kg/cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length, construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10MPA at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transporing to site laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tonne vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specification. MORTH Specification No 601

Cum 82.50 4,823.50 397,938.75


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

44

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

7 KSRRB M600-2: Cement Concrete Pavement, Construction of un-reinforced dowel jointed, plain cement concrete pavement over a prepared sub base with OPC cement design mix M30 at 360 kg per cum, coarse with 25mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.69cum and fine aggregates @ 0.46cum with superplastisizer at 3lts conforming to IS 9103-1999 reaffirmed 2008, coarse and fine aggregate conferming to IS:383, mixing size of course aggregate not exceeding 25mm mixing in a batching and mixing plant as per approved design, transporing to site laid with a fixed form or slip from paver, spread, compacted and finished in a continuous operation including provision of contraction, expantion, construction and longitudinal joints, joint filters, separation membrane, sealent primer,joint sealent, debonding strip, dowel bar, tie rod, admixtures as approved, curing compound,finishing to lines and grades as per specification. MORTH Specification No 602

Cum 165.00 7,994.80 1,319,142.00


Tonne 7.40 63,808.80 472,185.12


sqm 252.30 216.15 54,535.51


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

45

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


Sqm 238.30 238.70 56,881.26


cum 125.92 131.45 16,552.26

12 Fabricating, supplying & erecting M.S. angular Truss of span upto 10m. The bottom & top member is provided with 50x50x6mm double equal angles, welded back to back and in between top & bottom line, in areas of mid section is provided with 50x50x6mm equal single angle for vertical and inclined members and at supporting ends 40x40x5mm single angle is provided. All the members are welded together with 6mm gusset plate as per Drawing No.CBS/ SD/K-Mantap/9/MND/97. The entire truss is anchored in RCC column by using 4 Nos. of M.S. anchor bolts at each support, with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate.The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S angle and wleding wherever necessary, and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, & hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding & erection equipments, etc., complete as per specification

Kgs 27,414.90 140.25 3,844,939.73


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

46

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 168.00 177.50 29,820.00


cum 16.80 6,215.00 104,412.00

15 KSRRB M2200 : - Plain/ Reinforced Cement Concrete in sub-structure complete as per drawing and technical specifications complete as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 1500, 1700 & 2200 KSRRB M2200-5.9: - Design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and downsize graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69 cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisizer @ 3lts confirming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed - 2008 - i) upto 5m height including cost of all labour charges complete as per specifications. as directed by the Engineer, with all lead and lift etc. complete as per specifications.7

cum 75.60 7,009.20 529,895.52


sqm 5.00 63,808.80 319,044.00


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

47

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


Sqm 476.00 216.15 102,887.40

18 KSRB 8.3-1 : Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with corrugated asbestos cement sheet 6mm. thick fixed with galvanised iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm. dia C.I plain and bitumen washers over the existing purlins, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 8.5

Sqm 944.70 389.95 368,385.77


Nos 1.00 2,000.00 2,000.00

8 ,3 8 7,4 2 3 .8 8


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48

6 .0 Detailed Es tim ate fo r San itary Lan dfill

Sl.

n o Ite m o f w o rk No L B D Qty un it

Bas ic

Rate

Rate

in clu din g

A W

Am o u n t

1

KSRB 2-1.1 : Earthwork in surface excavation in ordinary soil for levelling and lowering the ground manually ( other than foundation of buildings, culverts, road drains and trenches of pipe lines and cables ) and removing the excavated stuff to a distance not exceeding 50m and lift upto 1.5m, excavated surface levelled and neatly dressed, disposed earth to be levelled after breaking of clods and neatly dressed as per specifications. specification. No. KBS 2.1(a) / 2.3.1.

Excavation of Landfill site 1 38.70 38.70 0.90 1347.92

For Anerobic LC Pond 1 14.00 14.00 1.50 294.00

For Aerobic LC Pond 1 18.00 18.00 0.90 291.60

UG Sump 1 4.00 2.50 0.90 9.00

19 4 2 .5

2 Cum 148.00 162.80

3 16 2 4 2 .4

2

2

KSRB 2-1.2 : Earthwork in surface excavation in Hard soil for levelling and lowering the ground manually ( other than foundation of buildings, culverts, road drains and trenches of pipe lines and cables ) and removing the excavated stuff to a distance not exceeding 50m and lift upto 1.5m, excavated surface levelled and neatly dressed, disposed earth to be levelled after breaking of clods and neatly dressed as per specifications. specification. No. KBS 2.1(a) / 2.3.1 Note: Adopt item 2.24 for excavation in all types of soils for lowering & levelling the ground for building works by mechanical means.




Leachate Drain 1 150.00 1.70 0.90 229.50

UG Sump 1 4.00 2.50 0.90 9.00

2 2 2 7.8

2 Cum 207.00 227.70

50 72 74 .

8 4

3

KSRB 2-2.4 : Excavation 1.5m and above in width in soft rock without blasting for foundation of buildings, water supply, sanitary lines and electrical conduits either in pits or in trenches not exceeding 1.5 m. in depth, stacking the excavated stuff from edges of excavation with lead upto 50m including cost of explosives, labour and HOM of equipment complete as per specifications. specification. No. KBS 2.1.C / 2.9.4 / 2.18 / 2.19



UG Sump 1 4.00 2.50 0.90 9.00

579 .4 2 Cum 831.00 914.10 52 9 6 50 .1

1

4 Providing, supplying, supplying and laying of filter media stone aggregates of size 40mm nominal size P.No.II, SL.No.30

1 28.70 28.70 0.10 82.37

Rate =804*1.03=828.12/cum

82.37 Cum 1820.00 2002.00 16 4 9 0 2 .7

4


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

49

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

Rate

in clu din g

A W

Am o u n t

5 Providing, supplying, supplying and laying of filter media stone aggregates of size 20mm nominal size. P.No.II, Sl.No.33.

1 28.70 28.70 0.10 82.37

Rate =900*1.03=927/cum

82.37 Cum 1950.00 2145.00 176 6 8 1.5

1

6

Providing, supplying and fixing membrane (liner) of minimum of 1.5mm thick HDPE membrane. A certificate for the thickness shall be provided. The lowest individual thickness shall not be less than 90% of the specified thickness. The minimum sheet density should be 94g/cc measured as per ASTM D1055. Yield Tensile strength shall be greater than 115N/cm break elongation>250% as per ISII969 (1985). The carbon black content should be between 2-3% with dispersion cat 1 or 2 as per ASTM D5596. The cost of the liner including material, labour for laying, cutting, jointing, etc., complete transportation and taxes as applicable shall be quoted by the bidder. The whole procedure of work shall be done as per the standard specifications and procedures given in section 4 of this document, laid by the pollution control board and as directed by the Engineer. This item shall be measured and paid in m2 of the finished area

For bed 1 28.70 28.70 823.69

For side slopes 2 38.70 2.00 154.80

For side slopes 2 38.70 2.00 154.80

Misallaneous(Joint cutting, locking sheets, top dimension etc) 10%

113.33

For Anerobic LC Pond 1 14.00 14.00 196.00

4 18.00 4.47 321.84

For Aerobic LC Pond 1 18.00 18.00 324.00

4 20.00 2.24 179.20

Quotation Rate 2267.66 Sqm 400.00 9 0 70 6 3 .

6 0

7

Providing and laying Geoclay liner under HDPE liner including cost of all materials, labour and transportations, cutting, joining etc., with all lead and lift, as per specifications and as directed by the Engineer.

Qnty as same as above item i.e. HDPE Liner(Quotation Rate)

2267.66 Sqm 500.00 113 3 8 2 9 .

50

8 Perforated geosynthetic pipe 150mm dia

4 28.70 114.80

8 5.00 160.00

Extra for joints and miscellaneous

27.48

302.28 M 250.00 275.00 8 3 12 7.0

0


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

50

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

Rate

in clu din g

A W

Am o u n t

9

KSRRB M300-54. Construction of embankment with approved material deposited at site from roadway cutting and excavation from drain and foundation of other structures graded and compacted to meet requirement of Table 300-2 complete asper specifications.which includes , watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) MORTH Specification No. 305

1 154.80 5.00 2.00 1548.00 Cum

1 14.00 5.00 1.00 70.00 Cum

1618.00 Cum

66.10 72.71 1176 4 4 .7

8

10

KSRRB M300- Grassing with Doobs grass KSRRB M300- 2.1. Grassing with Doobs grass including watering and maintenance of the lawn for 30 days or more till the grass forms a thick lawn free from weeds and fit for moving including supplying good earth if needed complete as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 307 i) In rows 15 cm apart in either direction.

1 154.80 5.00 774.00 Sqm

46.80 51.48 3 9 8 4 5.5

2

11

KSRB 4-1.2 : Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 with OPC cement @ 220kgs, with 40mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.892cum and fine aggregates @ 0.465cum machine mixed, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.2

Leachate Drain, PCC 1 150.00 1.70 0.10 25.50

UG Sump 1 4.00 2.50 0.10 1.00

2 6 .50 Cum 5452.00 5997.20 158 9 2 5.8

0

12

KSRB 4.2.2 : Providing and laying in position reinforced cement concrete of Design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69cum and fine aggregtes @ 0.460 cum, with super plasticisers @ 3 liters confirming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, pedastals, retaining walls, return walls, walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, columnspillars, posts, struts, buttresses, bed blocks, anchor blocks & plinths etc., including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing, complete but excluding cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 4.1, 4.6

Leachate Drain, Raft 1 150.00 1.50 0.10 22.50

Walls 3 150.00 0.13 0.60 33.75


Raft 1 14.00 22.00 0.15 46.20


Raft 1 18.00 35.00 0.15 94.50

UG Sump 1 21.00 2.50 0.15 7.88

Raft 1 4.00 2.50 0.15 1.50


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

51

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

Rate

in clu din g

A W

Am o u n t

For ramp 1 14.00 5.00 0.20 14.00

2 9 5.4 8 Cum 6372.00 7009.20 2 0 710 8 5 .

4 3

13

KSRRB M2200-6. Supplying, fitting and placing TMT bar reinforcement in sub structure complete as per drawing and technical specifications complete as per specifications. MORTH specification No. 1600 & 2200 including cost of all labour charges complete as per specifications. as directed by the Engineer, with all lead and lift etc. complete as per specifications.

For Anerobic LC Pond

Skin Reinforcement with Raft

3.10

For Aerobic LC Pond

Skin Reinforcement with Raft

5.20

Skin Reinforcement with Raft, UG Sump

0.15

For Drain MB 10mm 200C/c, DB 10 mm 200

c/c.

3.30

11.75 Tonn

e 58008.0

0 63808.80

74 9 753 .4

0

14

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of columns for mass concrete inclusing cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications.KBS 4.6.2 Item no.4.2.8 page no.15

For Anerobic LC Pond 4 26.00 4.47 464.88

For Aerobic LC Pond 4 37.00 2.24 331.52

UG Sump 1 21.00 2.50 52.50

Walls 6 150.00 0.60 540.00

To tal

13 8 8 .9

0 Sqm 196.50 216.15

3 0 0 2 10 .74

15

KSRB 12-8.3 : Constructing brick masonry inspection chamber 600x850mm, and 450mm depth, ( clear inside dimension ) for pipeline with three or more inlets, using table moulded non-modular bricks of class designation 50 in cement mortar 1:5, C.I cover with frame (light duty) 455x610mm internal dimensions, total weight of cover with frame to be not less than 38 kg ( weight of cover 23kg and weight of frame 15 kg ) R.C.C. top slab with cement concrete M 15 with 20mm and downsize granite metal , foundation concrete M 5 with 40mm and downsize granite metal inside plastering 12mm thick with cement mortar 1:3, finished smooth with a floating coat of cement on walls and bed concrete complete as per standard design including cost of materials, labour charges, curing complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS

Ch am bers

2 2 .0 0 Each 12312.0

0 13543.20

2 70 8 6 .40


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

52

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

Rate

in clu din g

A W

Am o u n t

16

KSRB 12-5.1 : Constructing brick masonry circular type manhole 0.91 m internal dia at bottom,0.91m deep and 0.56m dia at top with table moulded non-modular bricks of 50 class designation 50 in cement mortar 1:4, inside cement plastered 12mm thick with cement mortar 1:3, finished with a floating coat of neat cement, foundation concrete M 10 using 40mm and downsize granite metal and making necessary channel in cement concrete M 50 with 20mm and downsize granite metal finished with a floating coat of neat cement, with S.F.R.C. cover and frame ( heavy duty, HD-20 grade designation) 560mm internal diametre confirming IS :12592, total weight cover and frame to be not less than 182 kg, fixed in cement concrete 1:2:4, 20mm and downsize broken granite metal, providing and removing centering, shuttering including cost of materials, labour charges, HOM of mechineries complete as per specifications. (Excavation, footrests and 12mm thick cement plaster on the external surface shall be paid seperately ) Specification No. KBS 12.4concrete M 15 with 20mm and downsize granite metal , foundation concrete M 5 with 40mm and downsize granite metal inside plastering 12mm thick with cement mortar 1:3, finished smooth with a floating coat of cement on walls and bed concrete complete as per standard design including cost of materials, labour charges, curing complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS

Man ho le

1 1.0 0 Nos 14090.0

0 15499.00

154 9 9 .0

0

17

Providing and laying reinforced cement concrete pipe NP3 for culverts including pointing ends, and fixing collars with cement mortar 1:2 including cost of all materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Specifications. No. KSRB 1000, 2300 MOST Specification No.1000 / 2300 - - 300mm. dia

Pipe Culverts

1 40.00 4 0 .0 0 Nos 1445.00 1589.50 6 3 58 0 .0

0

Gran d To tal

73 6 2 4 0 2

.77


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

53

7.0 Detailed Es tim ate fo r Ro ads

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f Item No s L B D Qty Un its

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


2 600.00 1.50 1,8 0 0 .0 0 s qm

2 KSRRB M300-58: Compaction of original ground with maximum of 6 passes of 8 to 10 tonnes power roller including filing in depression occuring during rolling including cost of all labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. MORTH Chapter 3

1 600.00 7.50 4 ,50 0 .0 0 s qm

3 KSRRB 300-4. Earthwork excavation and foming in embankment by manual means in Hard soil with initial lead up to 15 m. and lift of 1.5m. (When earth is taken from bank cutting or from borrow pits ) including breaking of clods, spreading to required line and level, forming, and cost of all labour complete as per specifications. ( excluding watering and compaction of earth )MORTH Chapter 3 (Page.126/Item No.19.3)

1 600.00 7.50 0.40 1,8 0 0 .0 0 cum

4 KSRRB M300-55: Construction of Subgrade and Earthen Shoulders. Construction of sub-grade and earthen shoulders with approved material Grave/Murrum with all lifts & leads, transporting to site, spreading, grading to required slope and compacted to meet requirements Table 300-2 complete as per specifications (Which includes cost of gravel / murrum, watering charges & compaction by vibrator roller.) MORTH Specification No. 305

1 600.00 7.50 0.15 675.00

2 600.00 1.00 0.40 480.00

1,155.0 0 cum


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

54

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


1 600.00 5.50 0.10 3 3 0 .0 0 cum


1 600.00 5.50 0.10 3 3 0 .0 0 cum


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

55

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


1 600.00 5.50 0.15 4 9 5.0 0 cum

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Ro ads

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 1,800.00 9.74 17,523.00

2 KSRRB M300-58: Compaction of original ground with maximum of 6 passes of 8 to 10 tonnes power roller including filing in depression occuring during rolling including cost of all labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. MORTH Chapter 3

4,500.00 4.95 22,275.00


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

56

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

3 KSRRB 300-4. Earthwork excavation and foming in embankment by manual means in Hard soil with initial lead up to 15 m. and lift of 1.5m. (When earth is taken from bank cutting or from borrow pits ) including breaking of clods, spreading to required line and level, forming, and cost of all labour complete as per specifications. ( excluding watering and compaction of earth )MORTH Chapter 3 (Page.126/Item No.19.3)

cum 1,800.00 162.80 293,040.00

4 KSRRB M300-55: Construction of Subgrade and Earthen Shoulders. Construction of sub-grade and earthen shoulders with approved material Grave/Murrum with all lifts & leads, transporting to site, spreading, grading to required slope and compacted to meet requirements Table 300-2 complete as per specifications (Which includes cost of gravel / murrum, watering charges & compaction by vibrator roller.) MORTH Specification No. 305

cum 1,155.00 371.80 429,429.00


cum 330.00 2,833.60 935,088.00


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

57

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 330.00 4,823.50 1,591,755.00


cum 495.00 7,994.80 3,957,426.00


7,2 4 6 ,53 6 .0 0


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58

8 .0 De tailed Es tim ate fo r Drain s

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f Item No s Len gth W idth Depth Qty Un its

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


2 675.00 1.05 1,4 17.50 Sqm


2 675.00 1.05 1.00 1,4 17.50 Cu m


2 675.00 0.85 0.10 114 .75 Cu m


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4 KSRRB M2200 : - Plain/ Reinforced Cement Concrete in sub-structure complete as per drawing and technical specifications complete as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 1500, 1700 & 2200 KSRRB M2200-5.9: - Design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and downsize graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69 cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with superplastisizer @ 3lts confirming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed - 2008 - i) upto 5m height including cost of all labour charges complete as per specifications. as directed by the Engineer, with all lead and lift etc. complete as per specifications.

Raft 2 675.00 0.65 0.10 87.75

Walls 4 675.00 0.60 0.100 162.00

Slab 2 675.00 0.65 0.13 109.69

3 59 .4 4

Cu m


Fo r Drain MB 10 m m 2 0 0 C/ c,

DB 8 m m 2 0 0 c/ c. Fo r

Slab MB 10 m m 2 0 0 c/ c , DB 10

m m 2 0 0 c/ c

10 .4 0 To n n es


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Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


8 675.00 0.70 3,780.00

2 675.00 0.45 607.50

2 675.00 0.13 168.75

4 ,556 .2 5 Sqm

Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Drain s

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6

1 KSRRB 200-9.Clearing and grubbing road land including uprooting rank vegetation, grass, brush, shrubs, saplings and trees of girth up to 300mm, by manual means, in area of Thorney jungle, removal of stumps, disposal of unserviceable materials, stacking of serviceable materials within a lead of 100 metres from road boundary, labour charges complete as per specifications. MORTH Chapter 2 (Page.120/Item No.18.12)

sqm 1,417.50 9.74 13,799.36


cum 1,417.50 195.25 276,766.88


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1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 114.75 6,215.00 713,171.25


cum 359.44 7,009.20 2,519,369.33


sqm 10.40 63,808.80 663,611.52


Sqm 4,556.25 216.15 984,833.44


5 ,171,551.77


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62

9 .0 Detailed Es tim ate fo r Co m po un d Wall

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site cleareance 1 650.00 1.00 6 50 .0 0 s qm

2 Earth work in excavation 1 650.00 0.90 0.75 4 3 8 .75 cum

3 PCC (1:4:8) 1 650.00 0.75 0.10 4 8 .75 cum


BGL 1 650.00 0.60 0.45 175.50

1 650.00 0.45 0.20 58.50

AGL 1 650.00 0.45 0.45 131.63

3 6 5.6 3 cum

5 DPC (1:3:6) 1 650.00 0.23 0.075 11.21

186 0.45 0.23 0.075 1.44

27 0.90 0.23 0.075 0.42

13 .0 8 cum

6 Laterite Brick work in Cm (1:6), 230 mm thk.

For Laterite Brick pillar (Single) 1 650.00 0.23 1.80 269.10

For Laterite Brick pillar (Expansion Joint)

186 0.45 0.23 1.80 34.65

For Laterite Brick wall (Double) 27 0.90 0.23 1.80 10.06

3 13 .8 1 cum

7 Barbed Wire Fencing 1 650.00 6 50 .0 0 m

8 PCC (1:2:4)

For Copping 1 650.00 0.23 0.05 7.48

186 0.45 0.23 0.05 0.96

27 0.90 0.23 0.05 0.28

8 .72 cum

9 Plastering

For Laterite Brick wall (Double) 54 0.90 1.80 87.48

For Laterite Brick pillar (Single) 1 650.00 4.43 2,879.50

For Laterite Brick pillar (Expansion Joint)

372 0.45 1.80 301.32

3 ,2 6 8 .3 0 s qm

10 Painting 3 ,2 6 8 .3 0 s qm

11 M.S Gate 1 6.00 2.10 12 .6 0 s qm


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

kg/mtr

12 Cattale Trap 12 6.00 5.10 3 6 7.2 0 Kgs

13 M.S plate for welding 30 1.50 2.46 110.70

1.11 q


Abs tract Es tim ate fo r Co m po un d Wall

Sl.


1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 650.00

9.74

6,327.75


cum 438.75

195.25 85,665.94


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1 2 3 4 5 6


cum 48.75 5,722.20 278,957.25


cum 365.63 4,931.30 1,803,006.56


cum 13.08 6,215.00 81,264.23


cum 313.81 2,270.40 712,478.76


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1 2 3 4 5 6

7 KSRRB M800- Fencing/ Railing KSRRB M800-17. G.I. Barbed Wire Fencing 1.2 Metre High-Providing and fixing 1.2 metres high GI barbed wire fencing with 1.8 m angle iron posts 40 mm x 40 mm x 6 mm placed every 3 metres center to center founded in M15 grade cement concrete, 0.6 metre below ground level, every 15th post, last but one end post and corner post shall be strutted on both sides and end post on one side only and provided with 9 horizontal lines and 2 diagonals interwoven with horizontal wires, fixed with GI staples, turn buckles etc complete as per clause 800.7 as per specifications. MORTH Specification No. 807

kg 650.00 272.80 177,320.00


cum 8.72 6,306.30 54,972.02


sqm 3,268.30 248.60 812,499.38


sqm 3,268.30 154.00 503,318.20


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1 2 3 4 5 6

11 Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per Chief Architect Drawing, using 50mm x 50mm 14 guage M.S. hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in the drawing and 35mm x 6mm and 16 x 16mm Square rods for verticals alternatively spaced at 4cms c/c in two halves and 40mmx6mm M.S. flats for horizontal member and at the top cast iron spikes are provided at alternate vertical members asshown in the drawing etc., complete. All the steel surface should be thoroughly cleaned free of rust and painted with anti corrosive paint (shop paint) etc., complete. The work includes cost of all materials, labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and electricity charges, with lead and lift, loading and unloading charges, etc., complete as per specifiocation.

sqm 12.60 3,620.10 45,613.26

12 50mm dia M.S. Hollow pipe B Class 14 Gauge,3.65mm thick

Kgs 367.20 66.00 24,235.20

13 M.S. Square Bright bars 20mm q 1.11 6,139.10 6,795.98


nos 1.00 2,000.00 2,000.00


4 ,59 4 ,4 54 .54


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67

10 .0 Detailed Es tim ates fo r Electrical Wo rks

Sl.

No Des criptio n o f ite m Un it Qty Page n o

Bas ic

Rate

To tal

rate

RS

To tal

Am o u n t Rs

In te rn al Electrical w o rks Part A 1 Supplying and fixing regular MCB

dis tributio n boards on wall / wood board / flush mounting using required clamps, bolts, nuts etc., with provision for fixing suitable type capacity MCB's single phase / 3 phase / single door with powder coated painting. Made out of 14 SWG MS enclosure.

Fo r Lightin g & Po w er

Do uble Do o r

8 Way SP &N for Workers Rest Room, Toilet Block & Security Room

Each 3 47/6.17.2 866.00 866.00 2598

2 Supplying, fixing and wiring Earth Leakage Miniature Circuit Breaker [ELMCB] 240/450V up to 300mA sensitivity on existing wood/panel board.

Fo r LDB/ PDB In co m er

a) 16-25 Amps 2 pole Each 3 47/6.18.1 2412.00

2412.00 7236

3 Supplying and fixing miniature circuit breakers on existing MCB distribution boards using necessary fixing materials and 'C' Type curve , indicator ON/OFF, energy cross-3 with Short circuit breaking capacity of 10K and complete wiring as required to IEC 60898

Fo r All Lightin g & Po w er

o utgo in g circu its

a) 5-32Amps SP for DB Out going circuits

Each 6 47/6.16.1 418.00 418.00 2508

b) 5-32 Amps DP for Workers Rest Room, Toilet Block & Security Room @ Main LT panel

Each 3 47/6.16.3 849.00 849.00 2547

c) 5-32 Amps TPN for Pump & Street light Outdoor DB -2 nos @ Main LT panel

Each 2 47/6.16.5 1547.00

1547.00 3094

4 Open Co n du it Sys te m

Supplying heavy gauge PVC conduit pipe …….dia .......mm thick confirming to IS 2509 with suitable size bends, junction boxes,


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adhesive paste etc., and fixing using inverted wood plugs in case of RCC ceiling and RCC wall stone structure or rawl plugs in case of brick walls and cement plastering damaged portion using heavy gauge saddles at an interval of 700mm using NF screws.

19/20mm dia 2mm thick Per Mtr 5 2/1.1.1 54.00 54.00 270

25mm dia 2mm thick " 5 2/1.1.2 70.00 70.00 350

5 Co n ce aled Co n du it Sys tem

Supplying heavy gauge PVC conduit pipe ……mm dia .......mm thick confirming to IS 2509 with suitable size bends, metal/PVC junction boxes adhesive paste etc., and running before concreting the slab. The conduit should be tied to the reinforcement rods by using binding wires and unused ways of junction boxes and pipe ends should be covered using PVC end enclosures, run with 18SWG GI fish wire wherever necessary

a) 19/20mm dia 2mm thick

Per Mtr 160 2/1.2.1 43.00 43.00 6880

b) 25mm dia 2mm thick " 70 2/1.2.2 57.00 57.00 3990

c) 32 mm dia 2.5 mm thick " 20 2/1.2.3 90.00 90.00 1800

6 supplying heavy gauge PVC Conduit Pipe ….dia .......mm thick with suitable size bends, metal junction boxes adhesive paste etc.,by gro o ve cuttin g in the wall and fixing by bracing U or J hooks and cement plastering up to the wall surface and run with 18 SWG GI fish wire run through out the conduit wherever necessary.

a) 19/20mm dia 2mm thick

Per Mtr 110 2/1.3.1 56.00 56.00 6160

b) 25mm dia 2mm thick

" 30 2/1.3.2 58.00 58.00 1740

c)32mm dia 2.5 mm thick

" 5 2/1.3.2 88.00 88.00 440

7 Supplying and fixing PVC/metal conduit accessories.

Deep Junction Boxes

19/20mm deep junction box Each 20 2/1.5.1 47.00 47.00 940


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25mm deep junction box " 15 3/1.5.2 51.00 51.00 765

8 Extra for Groove cutting in brick wall/CC floor to the suitable depth for concealing of Conduit/GI pipe and plastering, up to wall surface complete

a) up to 50mm conduit in brick wall

Each 5 3/1.7.1 21.00 21.00 105

b) up to 50mm conduit CC floor " 5 3/1.7.2 38.00 38.00 190

9 Po in t w irin g us in g Co pper

w ire w itho ut s w itch .

Supplying and wiring adopting loop system in existing PVC Conduit /casing capping using 110 0 V grade , COPPER

co n du cto r flexible m u ltico re

FRLS PVC in s u late d, 2 C X

1.5Sq.m m Cable co n firm in g to

the GTP, without switch, the other end of the wires shall be terminated with sufficient loose length in a wood/PVC round block. complete for each outlet.

Gro up A

a) Short point up to 3Mtr from tapping point to out let via switch.

Each Point

18 5/2.3.1 144.00 144.00 2592

b) Medium point above 3Mtr up to 6Mtr from tapping point to out let via switch.

" 3 5/2.3.2 215.00 215.00 645

c) Long point above 6Mtr up to 10Mtr from tapping point to out let via switch.

" 1 5/2.3.3 334.00 334.00 334

d) Two outlet in a row, above 3Mtr up to 6Mtr from tapping point to out let via switches

" 1 5/2.3.4 423.00 423.00 423

10 Supplying and flush mounting

po w der co ated/ galvan is ed

m etal bo x suitable for mounting modular switch plates. The box should be firmly flush mounted after due groove cutting in Brick/Stone/C.C wall

a) 1-3Way Each 12 15/3.5.1 91.00 91.00 1092

b) 4-5Way " 6 15/3.5.2 98.00 98.00 588

c) 6-8 Way " 6 15/3.5.3 121.00 121.00 726

d) 10-12Way " 1 15/3.5.4 140.00 140.00 140


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11 Supplying and fixing superior quality m o dular switch mounting po lycarbo n ate plate with necessary supporting back plate with required nos. of machine screws, bolts nuts etc., complete on the existing metal/PVC box.

1 to 3 Module Each 12 16/3.6.1 109.00 109.00 1308

4 Module " 5 16/3.6.2 122.00 122.00 610

6 Module " 4 16/3.6.3 173.00 173.00 692

8 Module " 2 16/3.6.4 200.00 200.00 400

10 Module " 1 16/3.6.5 227.00 227.00 227

12 Supplying and fixing of m o dular

s w itch / Socket/stepped electronic fan regulator/ dimmer/telephone socket etc on existing modular switch plate as per IS 3854 and IS 1293

Gro up A

6Amps one way. Each 32 16/3.7.1 63.00 63.00 2016

6Amps 3way socket. " 11 16/3.7.3 95.00 95.00 1045

Stepped Fan Regulator. " 3 16/3.7.4 286.00 286.00 858

16Amps one way switch " 1 16/3.7.7 114.00 114.00 114

6/16Amps universal socket " 1 16/3.7.10 147.00 147.00 147

TV/Telephone socket " 4 16/3.7.11 82.00 82.00 328

13 Wiring for lighting/power circuit using one of FRLS PVC insulated 1100V grade, multistrand Co pper conductor single core cable in open or concealed system of wiring w ith s pe cified IS-6 9 4 :19 9 0 &

co n firm in g to the attache d

GTP o f GROUP -A.

a) 1.5 sqmm " 195 6/2.5.2 18.60 18.60 3627

b) 2.5 sqmm " 285 6/2.5.3 29.20 29.20 8322

c) 4 sqmm " 100 6/2.5.4 42.10 42.10 4210

d) 6 sqmm " 25 6/2.5.5 63.80 63.80 1595


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14 Supplying tinned co ppe r lugs and crimping and wiring to terminal point for wire of the following sizes.

a) 1.5 sqmm Each 22 64/7.21.1 2.00 2.00 44

b) 2.5 sqmm " 50 64/7.21.2 3.12 3.12 156

c) 4 sqmm " 18 64/7.21.3 6.25 6.25 112.5

d) 6 sqmm " 8 64/7.21.4 6.25 6.25 50

15 Supplying PVC/GI flexible conduit pipe…mm dia fixing on surface over inverted tapered wooden plugs or phill plugs or rawl plugs and clamped using heavy gauge saddles at an interval of 300mm using NF screws and on either end of the pipe terminated completely

a) 20mm Mtr 20 3/1.9.1 23.00 23.00 460

16 Supplying And Fixing Metal Fan Box with Round Hook.

No 3 3/1.12 92.00 92.00 276

17

Supplying patty type fluorescent tube light fitting of 4' -suitable for 28 watts fluorescent tube fitting, made out of M.S. Sheet and stove enameled with HF Electronic Ballast , locking type brass contact holders mounted on double fold type sheet base fully wired for use on 230 volts AC . Supply including T5 lamp

a) 1x4’ -28 watts Each 8 20/4.6.1 669.00 669.00 5352

18 Supplying patti type fluorescent tube light fitting of 2' - suitable for 14 w atts fluorescent tube fitting, made out of M.S. Sheet and stove enameled with HF Electronic Ballast , locking type brass contact holders mounted on double fold type sheet base fully wired for use on 230 volts AC . Supply including T5 lamp

a) 1x2’ -14 watts Each 4 20/4.5.1 591.00 591.00 2364

19 Supplying and fixing cast Aluminium round or oblong type bulk h ead fitting with GI wire guard, glass cover with 15Watts 230V CFL lamp as required


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a) 15 watts Each 5 20/4.4.1 952.00 952.00 4760

20 Supplying exhaust fan of 1440 RPM of 300mm (12 ") size with bracket blades complete for light

duty suitable to operate on 230V 50Hz, AC Supply.

Each 4 78/9.1 1700.00

1700.00 6800

21 Supplying capacitor type ceiling fan complete with down rod blades, shackle, canopies etc., for operation on 230 volts, 50 cycles. Single phase AC supply conforming to ISS-374-1979 and with double ball bearing system and as per technical data approved.

4 8 " Sw eep (12 0 0 m m )

Regular model Each 3 78/9.3.1.1 2376.00

2376.00 7128

22 Fixing all types and all capacities of fluorescent / false ceiling / spot light / CFL / LED fittings indoor on the wall / ceiling / rafters / girders using 23/0.0076” twin twisted PVC insulated wires, required Nos of round blocks and clamps.

a) On wall/ceiling/Rafter/Girders Each 38 108/17.7.1 98.00 98.00 3724

23 Fixing a ceiling / Wall mounting fan of all capacities and all types to the existing 'S' hook with fan regulator to the existing board together with supplying and fixing 5 amps. ceiling rose, necessary length of 23 / 0.0076 inch PVC insulated twin twisted copper wire and wiring.

Each 3 109/17.8 139.00 139.00 417

24 Fixing one exh aus t fan in the nitch already left in the wall with bolts and nuts and 5 amps. ceiling rose with sufficient length of 23 / 0.0076 inch PVC insulated twin core wire.

Each 4 109/17.12 412.00 412.00 1648.00

25 Supplying and drawing PVC flexible one pair telephone unarmoured tinned copper cable.

2 Pair RMt. 50 85/11.2.2 13.00 13.00 650.00

5 pair RMt. 20 85/11.2.5 45.00 45.00 900.00


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26 Supplying and drawing PVC insulated gas injected physical foam jelly flooded co-axial TV cable.RG-6.

RMt. 50 85/11.3 35.00 35.00 1750.00

27 Ch e m ical e arth in g for grounding conduits IC cutouts and other equi[ments on the meter board by using copper bonded /SS rod with earth enhancing backfill compound which is non corrosive, thermally conductive potential to permissible limits superior fault conduction capacity non toxic wether resistance and capable of achieving ohmic value less than one ohm

us in g 6 ft copper bonded rod with back fill compound for Workers Rest Room, Toilet Block & Secuiry Room. Each Two earths.

Kit 6 64/7.23.2 5500.00

5500.00 33000

28 Supplying and running of GI/Copper strips for grounding connections, using necessary fixing materials as required.

GI s trip

25x3mm Mtr 25 55/7.3.1 35.00 35.00 875.00

29 Supplying and running GI/Copper conductor for grounding and (along with other wires in conduit system of wiring) using necessary suitable size clamps, nails, guttas/spacers etc.

Co pper w ire .

a) 12 SWG Mtr 60 64/7.22.4 59.70 59.70 3582

Extern al Ele ctrical W o rks -

Part B 30 Supply,erection, testing and

commissioning of ..... KVA alluminium wound Dis tributio n

Tran s fo rm er 11KV/433V with Off Load Tap Switch, Buchholtz relay winding temperature indicator, oil temperature indicator, marshalling box with wiring, oil level indicator with +5% to-10% Steps of 2.5%, HT and LT bushings with all standard accessories as per latest IS standard technical specification.

6 3 KVA

Each 1 75/8.7.2 132386 132386. 132386


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.00 00

31 LT Wiring Kit 63/100 KVA as per standard technical specification as per MESCOM.

set 1 76/8.18 4710.00

4710.00 4710

32 LT Dis tributio n Bo x for 63/100 KVATransformer with 1No 160Amps 25kA 4Pole MCCB, suitable capacity aluminium bus bar mounted in 16SWG powder coated M.S.Box suitable to mount at Transformer Centre Transformer Centre.

Each 1 76/8.16 18270.00

18270.00

18270

33 Supply and erection of …...Mtr RCC Pole including earth work etc,. complete as per the standard technical specification of MESCOM

9Mtr 145Kg WL Each 2 33/5.2.2 8029.00

8029.00 16058

34 Supply and erection of Double Pole TC s tru ctu ral set including all hardwares suitable for 100 to 300KVA transformers etc complete as per the standard technical specification of MESCOM

Each 1 33/5.2.3 23100.00

23100.00

23100

35 Supplying and Fixing ….. including all H ardw ares etc complete as per the standard technical specification of MESCOM

Each 1 33/5.2.3 23100.00

23100.00

23100

H Frame Set Each 1 33/5.8.1 4560.00

4560.00 4560

HT ST Support 50x8 mm Each 1 33/5.8.2 172.00 172.00 172

LT ST Support 50x6 mm Each 1 33/5.8.3 173.00 173.00 173

Spl 3 PIN Cross ARM Each 1 33/5.8.4 336.00 336.00 336

RCC Clamp Each 1 33/5.8.5 84.00 84.00 84

GUY Set Each 1 33/5.8.7 1320.00

1320.00 1320

GOS Set 200 Amps Single break Each 1 33/5.8.8 9840.00

9840.00 9840

Horn Gap Fuse Unit (H.G.) Each 1 33/5.8.10 1320.00

1320.00 1320

Lightning Arrestor 9KV 5kA polymeric type.

Each 3 33/5.8.12 4250.00

4250.00 12750

36 Supplying and Fixing …..including all Hardwares etc complete as per the standard technical specification of MESCOM

1.1 KV Pin Insulator Each 4 33/5.9.1 844.00 844.00 3376


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11 KV Pin Insulator Each 3 33/5.9.3 114.00 114.00 342

Disc Insulator 70/90 KN Each 3 33/5.9.4 540.00 540.00 1620

No. 8 Strain Insulator Each 3 33/5.9.5 14.00 14.00 42

No.15 Strain Insulator Each 3 33/5.9.6 36.00 36.00 108

37 Supplying and Fixing of Rabbit Conductor(6/3.15mm Al +6/3.15mm Steel)

Mtr 50 33/5.12 47.00 47.00 2350

38 Supplying and Fixing of P.G.Clamp including all Hardwares etc complete as per the standard technical specification of MESCOM

Each 4 33/5.10 101.00 101.00 404

39 Ch e m ical e arth in g for grounding conduits IC cutouts and other equi[ments on the meter board by using copper bonded /SS rod with earth enhancing backfill compound which is non corrosive, thermally conductive potential to permissible limits superior fault conduction capacity non toxic wether resistance and capable of achieving ohmic value less than one ohm

using 10ft copper bonded rod with back fill compound for 11KV DP & Transformer.

KIT 5 64/7.23.3 7500.00

7500.00 37500

40 Supplying and running of GI/Copper strips for grounding connections, using necessary fixing materials as required.

GI s trip

25x3mm Mtr 25 55/7.3.1 77.00 77.00 1925

25x6mm Mtr 25 55/7.3.2 118.00 118.00 2950

Co pper s trip

25x3mm Mtr 30 55/7.3.6 523.00 523.00 15690

25x6mm Mtr 30 55/7.3.7 1018.00

1018.00 30540


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41

Supplying of 1.1 KV LT UG cable having aluminium conductor PVC insulated, extruded inner sheathed,galvanised,steel strip (except 2CX10Sq.mm wire armoured) confirming to IS-3975:1990 (No. of Strip indicated in GTP) & extruded PVC outer sheathed armoured cable w ith

s pecified IS-1554 Part-1:19 8 8

& co n firm in g to th e attach ed

GTP o f GROUP-A.

3 .5 co re 9 5 s qm m Cable from Transformer Feeder Pillar Box to LT Main Panel ( 2 Runs) Each 100 Mtrs

Mtr 200 56/7.5.9 371.00 371.00 74200

4 co re 16 sqmm for Workers rest room, Toilet Block, Security Room , Pump Room & street Light main Out door DB from Main LT Panel located @ Workers Rest Room ( Two cores spare for Single Phase)

Mtr 275 56/7.5.4 117.00 117.00 32175

4 co re 10 sqmm from Strret light Main Outdoor DB to Individual Strreet Light Loop in Loop out

Mtr 500 56/7.5.2 99.00 99.00 49500

42

Digging of tre n ch of 0.6m deep x 0.50 mtr wide refiling the trench to the required ground level and consolidating etc., complete.(As per Civil SR KSRB I-2, P-7)

In soil (ordinary) for Main Cable & Street Light cable.

Mtr 340 62/7.9.1 78.00 78.00 26520

In soil (hard) for Main Cable & Street Light cable.

Mtr 340 62/7.9.2 106.00 106.00 36040

43

Providing and fillin g s an d in excavated trench to cover already laid UG cable to a depth of 150mm alround the cable.

Mtr 780 62/7.10 103.00 103.00 80340

44

Labour charges for layin g o f 1.1

KV clas s UG cable in existing trench GI pipe / stoneware pipe / on wall / on pole as required.

95 sqmm 150Sqmm Mtr 200 61/7.8.3 21.60 21.60 4320

6 sqmm 16 qmm Mtr 775 61/7.8.1 10.80 10.80 8370

45 Supplying and fiixing of heavy duty cable glan ds suitable for UG cable of 1.1 KV class (metal only)

2 5 m m dia Each 32 62/7.14.1 86.00 86.00 2752


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3 2 m m dia Each 6 62/7.14.2 122.00 122.00 732

50 m m dia Each 4 62/7.14.2 122.00 122.00 488

46

Supplying tinned co ppe r lugs

an d crim pin g and wiring to terminal point for wire of the following sizes.

95 sqmm Long Barrel Each 16 64/7.21.11 149.76 149.76 2396.16



Main LT Pan e l

47

Supplying, fixing and wiring earth leakage relay with core balanced current transformer suitable for single phase 50 Hz AC with latest microcontroller based, digital readout of percentage leakage current, programmable delay/auto/manual reset facility suitable to mount on DIN rail/ flush mounting on panel board.

Each 1 47/6.19 7998.00

7998.00 7998

48

Supplying of on load change over switches 4 poles, 415V, 50Hz, AC Supply with AC-23A Duty for Cable Change over.

10 0 -12 5 Am ps Each 1 45/6.11.2 6426.0

0 6426.00 6426

49

Supplying and fixing Trivector Meter suitable for operation LT operation and -CT operated meter in polycarbonate body in class 0.5 accuracy as per IS 14697 and completely wired.

Each 1 48/6.29 3778.00

3778.00 3778

50

Supplying, fixing and wiring 50/5 to 400/5Amps 5VA burden Current Transformer.class 0.5 accuracy with Tape Wound.

Each 3 48/6.32 483.00 483.00 1449

51

Supplying and fixing Mo ulded

Cas e Circu it Bre aker (MCCB) over the existing wood/panel board using necessary screws, bolts, nuts and wiring complete. Protection of Overload and Short circuit with thermal Magnetic/Microprocessed release and Earth Fault as per IS-13947. ( Icu = Ics)

FOUR POLE

10 0 Am ps 2 5kA. Each 1 46/6.13.6 5809.0

0 5809.00 5809


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

78

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

To tal

rate

RS

To tal

Am o u n t Rs

52 Supplying, fixing and wiring 3 Phase Digital Ammeter /Voltmeter.

Each 2 48/6.27 1224.00

1224.00 2448

53

Supplying of m ulti fu n ctio n

digital m ete r with three line back light LCD type display for voltage, Current, frequency, Power, power factor, KVA, KWH,KVAR suitable for 3 phase, 4 wire LT network with IP 54 degree of protection and completely wired as required with communication Port and Class 0.5s accuracy

Each 1 48/6.31 8003.00

8003.00

8003

54

Supplying and fixing of LED type

pan e l bo ard indicating lamp with required colour suitable for 220v A.C. 50 Hz 12/24v D.C.

Each 3 48/6.36 442.00 442.00 1326

55

Supplying ......... amps rated 3 phas e w ith n eu tral bus bar using required capacity electrolytic alluminium strips covered with heat shrinkable coloured PVC sleeve, mounted on phenolic/FRP/DMC insulator which are mounted on powder coated 40x6mm M.S.flat frame work in existing panel board. The bus bar shall have suitable holes for termination of incoming and outgoing cables as per IS specification with necessary botls,nuts and washers etc., complete.

10 0 Am ps 4 x3 0 x6 m m

Allum in iu m Strips

Mtr 1 49/6.38.1 2135.00

2135.00 2135

2 50 Am ps 4 x3 0 x10 m m

Allum in iu m Strips

Mtr 3 49/6.38.2 2942.00

2942.00 8826

56 Supplying of on load change over switches 4 poles, 415V, 50Hz, AC Supply with AC-23A Duty

Up to 6 3 Am ps Each 1 45/6.11.1 4892.0

0 4892.00 4892

57

Supplying and fixing an gle iro n

fram e w o rk fabricated out of M.S. angle iron.. and M.S. flat … with bolts, washers etc., and painted with 2 coats of red oxide and then two coats of approved paint.

50x50x6mm Mtr 8 49/6.39.2 338.00 338.00 2704


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

79

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

To tal

rate

RS

To tal

Am o u n t Rs

58

Supply of LED Stree tlight with pressure die cast aluminium housing body with optimal heat sink for better thermal dissipation. Diffuser with Injection moulded & is made of polycarbonate material with high transmission index, delivering superior light output. Rated life Burning Hrs 50000 hr @ Lumen Maintenance of 70%. CCT > 5500K, IP 66 optical and electrical compartment & impact resistance of complete luminaire > IK08. Power Factor >0.9 with mains Current should not be greater than 0.1A to 0.7A & Surge Protection- Min KV along with Over voltage/Overload, short circuit/ miss-wiring protection. Compatible for pole mounting with outer dia of 40mm to 50mm. Universal Voltage driver to operates wide voltage range from 100V to 270V 50/60Hz application. Over load & Short circuit protection ensures reliable operation in spite of problem in output side. Compliance to IS 10322/IEC 60598, LM 79 & LM 80 Adherence with RoHS. UL approved MCPCB. Top access street light with single screw to ensure ease of maintenance at the sight site location with minimized minimal tools. LED Light

fixture w ith .. ... ...W Sys tem

Po w er co n s um ptio n . LED Efficiency>130lm/w at 1W & Fixture Efficiency >80lm/w with nominal CRI >75. Luminaire manufacturer should have in-house facility accredited by NABL/CPRI & any Government certified agency & Design & Development facility certified by ISO 9001:2008 . Housing with supplier word mark /name shall be Engraved / Embossing on the die cast housing/ Body part. Warranty of 5 Years against any manufacturing defect working under standard electrical conditions as mentioned above


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

80

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

To tal

rate

RS

To tal

Am o u n t Rs

should be given by LED manufacturer & Cree / Nich ia/ Lum ile ds / Os ram

m ake LED So urce . Su itable

fo r B1/ B2 Ro ads as per IS

19 4 4 Part I & Part II. Re fe r

s am ple w o rks he e t fo r

co n s ideratio n .

GROUP A

LED Street Light 90 W No 16 27/4.36.1 31250.

00 31250.0

0 500000

59

Fabricating, supplying and erecting swaged tubular pole of height …Mtr having three sections, and providing two coats of red oxide paint and finished with two coats of enameled paint of approved quality and colour and M.S. base plate of suitable size welded at the bottom of the pole(as per IS) and 40mm dia GI / flexible PVC pipe of 1 mtr length fitted to the heavy gauge polycarbonate control box including 5way connector of size 167x125x82mm for 7.5M pole/200x160x98mm for remaining length of pole with front opening cover, with locking arrangements and suitable capacity MCB / DP switch, The pole shall be erected in cement concrete work (1:2:4) including excavation and refilling of planting depth of the pole to the ground level and the coping CC shall be up to 0.6M above ground level as per IS 2713 - 7.

9Mt (5Mt Hb,165.1mm dia 4.85mm thick x2M Hm, 139.7mm dia 4.50mm thick x 2M Ht,114.3mm dia 3.65mm thick) as per IS 410 SP 32

Each 16 34/5.13.1.1 15000.00

15000.00

240000


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

81

Sl.


Bas ic

Rate

To tal

rate

RS

To tal

Am o u n t Rs

60

Supply and Installation / Fixing / Provision of Po le bo x with HRC Fuse / MCB provision and suitable connector / terminal for 3 Ph / 1 Ph connections with Loop-In & Loop-Out terminals for 10 Sqmm / 25 Sqmm 3.5 C Al/Ar / Cu/Ar Cable and branch out 2.5 Sqmm 2 core Al/Cu PVC Insulated cable, enclosed in a Thermoplastic, Polystyrene enclosure, which should be shock proof, safe, IP65(Weather Proof), rust proof, dust proof, water proof having Internally Embedded Gasket with provision for cable entry through IP65 Thermoplastic, polyamide glands and/or grommets.

200x200x98mm

Each 14 50/6.41.1 2178.00

2178.00 30492

260x210x116mm

Each 2 50/6.41.2 2334.00

2334.00 4668

To tal In Rs 16 4 2 76 4


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

82

Electrical In terio r lightin g des ign fo r Wo rke rs Res t Ro o m , To ile t Blo ck & Se curity o ffice @

Saligram a Mu n icipal So lid w as te Pro ject.

Sl.

N

o .

Are a

Light

Po in t

Fan

Po in t

w ith

Regulato r

6 A

Sw itch

ed

So cke ts

6/16

A s

wit

ch

ed

Po

we

r

So

ck

ets

Light Fittin gs

TV

Po

int

Te

lep

h.

po

int

Ex

ha

us

t F

an

25

0m

m d

ia

1

W a

y

2

W a

y

1

W a

y

2

W a

y

De

p

In

d

1x2 8

W

LED

1x14

W

LED

11

W

CF

L

Bul

k

H e

ad

15

W

LED

Stre

e t

Ligh

t

9 0W

1

Wo rk

ers

Res t Ro o m

5 2 2 2 4 2 2 2

2 To ile t

Blo ck

Ladie s

To ile t 5 1 2 1 2 1 2

Gen ts

To ile t 5 1 2 1 2 1 2

3

Secu ri

ty o ffice

3 1 1 1 1 2 1

4 Stre e t

Light 16

To tal 18 0 3 0 5 7 1 8 4 0 5 16 2 2 4

Estimates for Civil & Electrical Works for MSW Management for Saligarama Town Panchayat

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2

10 Detailed Estimate for Weighbridge Platform (12m x 3m) + 3m ramp on both sides

Sl. No

Description of Item Nos Length Width Depth Qty Units

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Site clearance 1 22.00 5.00 110.00 sqm


For Pedestal 8 1.00 1.00 1.60 12.80

For Ramp 2 3.50 3.50 0.20 4.90

17.70 cum

3 Anti-termite treatment

For Pedestal 8 1.00 1.00 8.00

For Ramp 2 3.50 3.50 24.50

2 3.03 3.00 18.20

50.70 sqm

4 PCC (1:4:8)

For Pedestal 8 1.00 1.00 0.15 1.20

For Ramp 2 3.00 3.00 0.15 2.70

3.90 cum

5 RCC - M25

For Pedestal 8 0.80 0.80 0.30 1.54

For Pedestal up to FGL 8 0.45 0.20 1.15 0.83

For Pedestal Above FGL 8 0.45 0.20 0.15 0.11

For Ramp 2 3.00 3.00 0.15 2.70

5.17 cum

6 Reinforcement Steel 1 5.17 80.00 0.95 Tonne

7 Shuttering

For Pedestal 8 3.20 0.30 7.68

For Pedestal up to FGL 8 1.30 1.15 11.96

For Pedestal Above FGL 8 1.30 0.15 1.56

21.20 sqm

8 Brick work in CM (1:6), 230 mm thk.

For Ramp 2 3.00 2.80 0.23 3.78

For Pedestal to Pedestal 1 26.00 0.23 1.00 5.98

9.76 cum

9 Plastering

a) Out side

For Ramp 2 3.00 0.23 1.35

For Pedestal to Pedestal 1 26.00 2.23 57.98

59.33 sqm

Estimates for Civil & Electrical Works for MSW Management for Karkala Town Municipal Council

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3

Sl. No

Description of Item Nos Length Width Depth Qty Units

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


Total earth work 17.70

Deductions : -

PCC (1.20)

RCC 3.90

20.40 cum

Abstract Estimate for Weighbridge Platform (12m x 3m) + 3m ramp on both sides

Sl. No

Description of Item Units Qty Rate Amount

1 2 3 4 5 6


sqm 110.00 9.74 1070.85


cum 17.70 195.25 3455.93


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4

Sl. No


1 2 3 4 5 6

3 KSRB-3.2: Providing and injecting chemical emulsion for Pre-constructional Anti-Termite Treatment, creating continuous chemical barrier under and around the column pits, walls, trenches, basement excavation, top surface of the plinth filling, junction of wall and floor, along the external perimeter of building, expansion joints, over the top surface of consolidated earth on which apron is to be laid, surrounding of pipes and conduits, with chloropyriphos emulsifiable concentrates of 20% concentration, including cost of chemical, diluting in water to one percent concentration, labour, HOM of equipment's, complete as per specifications. (Plinth area of the building at ground floor only shall be measured ) Specification No. KBS : 3.2.6 / 3.2.7(Page.9/Item 3.2)

sqm 50.70 112.20 5688.69


cum 3.90 5,722.20 22316.58


cum 5.17 7,009.20 36251.58


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5

Sl. No


1 2 3 4 5 6


kg 0.95 64,812.00 61571.40


sqm 21.20 216.15 4582.38

8 Providing and constructing laterite size stone masonry including cost and conveyance of all materials curing etc complete as per specification.For super structure in CM 1:6 (Cement 45kgs/M3)

cum 9.76 4,851.00 47345.76

9 Plastering

a) KSRB15-3.7 : Providing 18mm thick cement plaster in single coat with cement mortar 1:3, to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering, : Providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. (Page.120/Item 15.15)

sqm 59.33 248.60 14749.44


cum 20.40 131.45 2681.58

Grand Total Amount in INR :

199714.19

ANNEXURE 2:

Drawings

750

750

750

WF1A

WF1A

WF

1A

WF

1A

>Grade of steel :Fe 500

>Clear cover to Slab :20mm>Thickness of slab :125mm

>All dimensions are in Millimeters.

>Written dimensions has to be

followed

>Grade of Concrete : M20

Notes & Specifications:

8Y @ 150 c/c

3450

3501,5

2001,5

FOOTING DETAILS.

SLAB DETAILS.

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

SECURITY CABIN STRUCTURAL

DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN

DEVELOPMENT CELL(DUDC),

UDUPI DISTRICT.

M/S MARS PLANNING &

ENGINEERING SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

SECURITY ROOM PLAN

300

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC

TPRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


30

00

230 MM THK

LATERITE STONE

WALL

FOUNDATION AS

PER SOIL

CONDITION

125 MM THICK R.C.C.ROOF

PARAPET WALL

SECTION AT A-A

750

WINDOW

CHEJJA

ELEVATION

PROJECT

DWG TITLE: SECURITY ROOM PLAN

CONSULTANTS :

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE

IN MILIMETERS

SCHEDULE OF OPENINGS

D 900X2100

W1 1200X1350

DOORS

WINDOWS

DESCRIPTION SIZE NO

02

01

W2 1500X1350 02

SECURITY ROOM PLAN

CLIENT

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

M/S MARS PLANNING & ENGINEERING

SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

R.C.C.LINTEL .

230 MM THK

LATERITE STONE

WALL

FOUNDATION AS

PER SOIL

CONDITION


PARAPET WALL

R.C.C.LINTEL

SECTION AT A-A

3000

450

ELEVATION

ROOM

4500X3000

WORKERS REST ROOM PLAN

ROOM

4500X3000

PROJECT

DWG TITLE: WORKERS REST ROOM PLAN

CONSULTANTS :

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS AREIN MILIMETERS


D 900X2100

W1 1200X1350

DOORS

WINDOWS

DESCRIPTION SIZE NO

02

02

CLIENT

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

M/S MARS PLANNING & ENGINEERING SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

WORKERS REST ROOM

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN

DEVELOPMENT CELL(DUDC),UDUPI DISTRICT.

M/S MARS PLANNING &






followed



SLAB DETAILS.

750

750

750

WF1A

WF1A

WF

1A

WF

1A

10440

4210

FOOTING EXCAVATION DETAILS. FOOTING DETAILS.

ROOM

4500X3000

WORKERS REST ROOM PLAN

ROOM

4500X3000

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


750

750

450

750

750

750

WF1A

WF2B

WF1A

WF

1A

WF

1A

WF

1A

WF

1A





followed



30

030

030

0

7065

2557,5

2750

2557,5

2750

450

3962,3

2

FOOTING DETAILS.

SLAB DETAILS.

TOILET BLOCK PLAN

LADIES TOILET

3000X1800 GENTS TOILET

3000X1800

WC

1500X1450

BATH

1500X1450

BATH

1500X1450

WC

1500X1450

FOOTING EXCAVATION DETAILS.

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

TOILET BLOCK STRUCTURALDETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

M/S MARS PLANNING &


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


TOILET BLOCK PLAN

LADIES TOILET

3000X1800 GENTS TOILET

3000X1800

WC

1500X1450

30

00

230 MM THK

LATERITE STONE

WALL

FOUNDATION AS

PER SOIL

CONDITION


PARAPET WALL

R.C.C.LINTEL & CHEJJA.

SECTION AT A-A

450

ELEVATION

PROJECT

DWG TITLE: TOILET BLOCK PLAN

CONSULTANTS :

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS AREIN MILIMETERS


D2 750X2100

V- 600X450

DOORS

VENTILATOR

DESCRIPTION SIZE NO

6

04

V1- 900X450 02

BATH

1500X1450

BATH

1500X1450

WC

1500X1450

CLIENT

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP


SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

SUMP TANK

5000X4000x2500

P.C.C 1:4:8

SUMP TANK

5000X4000x2500

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

2500

150

200

200150 4000 200 150

P.C.C 1:4:8

SUMP TANK

5000X4000x2500

[both @ top & bottom]

2500

150

200

200150 4000 200 150

SUMP TANK REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

150mm th

>All dimensions are in mm

>Grade of concrete :M20

>Grade of steel :Fe415

>Clear Cover to base slab :25mm

>Clear Cover to wall :25mm

>Wall thickness :200mm

>Written dimensions has to be follow

General notes

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

SUMP TANK DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

PLAN

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

M/S MARS PLANNING &ENGINEERING SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

TOP SLAB DETAILS

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


BA

BA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

F1

C1

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

COLUMN-FOOTING INDEX.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN



PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


BA

BA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:COLUMN-CENTERLINE

DISTANCES.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN



PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

COLUMN-FOOTING DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

1 F1 300

SCHEDULE OF FOOTINGS

FOOTING DEPTH

(A x B)

PCC SIZE SIZE

NO.

SL.

TYPES

FOOTING

'a' short reinf'D'

REINFORCEMENT

'b' long reinf

10Y OF 8no

FOR FOOTING CONCRETEGRADE OF

M201600x1600

(A x B)

FOOTING SIZE

1400x1400 10Y OF 8no

17. DESIGN SUBJECTED TO CHANGE ACCORDING CHANGE IN SOIL CONDITION.

FOR NOTES & SPECIFICATIONS :-

1. DO NOT SCALE THE DRAWING, FOLLOW THE WRITTEN DIMENSIONS ONLY.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETER UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.

2. READ THIS DRAWING ALONG WITH RELEVANT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS.

3. THE CEMENT STRENGTH SHOULD BE ASSESSED BEFORE CASTING. THE QUALITY

STRENGTH AND OTHER STANDARDS SHOULD CONFORM TO THE SPECIFICATIONS IN

IS:269 AND IS:8112 AS PER RELEVANT AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS. ADOPT M20 BY

DESIGN FOR COLUMNS, M20 GRADE FOR OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.

4. a) TESTED QUALITY HIGH YIELD STRENGTH DEFORMED BARS ( WHEREVER DENOTED AS `Y')

WHOSE STANDARDS SHOULD STRICTLY CONFORM TO THE SPECIFICATIONS IN IS:1139

AND IS:1786 - 1966 ( THE PROOF STRESS OF WHICH SHOULD BE Fe500N/mm2).

5. CLEAR COVER FOR REINFORCEMENT:

1)50mm FOR FOOTINGS & RAFT.

2)35mm FOR PLINTH/GRADE BEAMS,

3)40mm FOR COLUMNS,

4)30mm FOR BEAMS,

5)20mm FOR SLABS.

6. FABRICATION DETAILS OF REINFORCING BARS SUCH AS LAPS, BENDS ETC., SHOULD

STRICTLY CONFORM TO THE SPECIFICATIONS IN IS:456, IS:13926, IS:2502 AND ALLIED STANDARDS. LAPS SHOULD BE STRICTLY AVOIDED IN THE MAIN BARS AND THEIR

ANCHORAGE LENGTHS, IN OTHER CASES IT SHOULD BE 50 TIMES THE DIAMETER OF BARS IN

TENSION AND COMPRESSION ZONES.

7. S.B.C CONSIDERED FOR THE FOUNDATION DESIGN IS 90KN/sqm AS PER SOIL REPORT.

8. FOUNDATION SHOULD BE LAID AT DEPTH RECOMMENDED IN THE SOIL TEST REPORT.

ALL FOOTINGS SHOULD BE LAID AT A COMMON LEVEL.

9. THE BUILDING FOUNDATION IS DESIGNED FOR GF UPPER FLOOR ONLY.

10. PROVIDE ADEQUATE NUMBER OF CHAIRS, COVER BLOCKS ( CC 1:3) WHEREVER NECESSARY,

11. PROVIDE 25 mm DIA PIN ROD IN BETWEEN TWO LAYER OF BEAM REINFORCEMENT.

12. PROVIDE 8Y @ 225c/c AS DISTRIBUTION BAR WHEREVER REQUIRED.

13. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR BEAM REINFORCEMENT FOR COLUMN JOINT ARE

8Y - 400mm, 10Y - 500mm, 12Y - 600mm, 16Y - 800mm, 20Y - 1000mm, 25Y - 1250mm.

14. PLINTH BEAMS/TIE BEAMS SHALL BE CASTED BY PROVIDING 3 SIDE (BOTTOM & SIDES)

A FORM WORK & CONCRETED AS OF REGULAR BEAMS AS PER IS:456-2000 SPECIFICATIONS.

15. LAP LENGTH/DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR REINFORCEMENT BARS AS PER I.S.: 456-2000

SHALL BE 50 x DIA OF BAR. LAPS SHALL BE STAGGERED AND AVOIDED AT THE POINT OF

MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT.

16. NOT MORE THAN 50%%% OF BAR SHALL BE SPLICED AT ONE SECTION.

17. DESIGN SUBJECTED TO CHANGE ACCORDING CHANGE IN SOIL CONDITION.

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

M/S MARS PLANNING &


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


BA

BA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

STUB-1

STUB-1

PB1(230x450)

2L-8Y STPS@200 C/C

PB2(230x380)

2L-8Y STPS@200 C/C

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

PLINTH BEAM DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN



PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


BA

BA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

TB1(230x450)

2L-8Y STPS@200 C/C

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

TIE BEAM DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN


M/S MARS PLANNING &


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


BA

BA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

TB1(230x450)

2L-8Y STPS@200 C/C

CONSULTANTS

TITTLE:

TRUSS INDEX.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

PROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN



TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

TRUSS(T1)

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


RAMP SLOPE 1:10

RAMP SLOPE 1:10

ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

1000 1000

PLANT1600X50000

PLAN - GROUND FLOOR

SCALE 1:100

PROJECT

CONSULTANTS :

CLIENT:

NOTES

UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED

BEFORE EXECUTION

FOLLOWED

ARCHITECT PRIOR TO EXECUTION


REV NO. DESCRIPTION DATE

DRAWN BY CHECKED BY DESIGNED BY

DRAWING TITLE

DRAWING STATUS

SCALE REVISION NO. DATE

AS SHOWN 01

DRAWING NO

BROUGHT TO THE NOTICE OF THE

5. ANY DISCREPANCIES NOTED SHALL BE



WRITTEN DIMENION SHALL BE

3. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING. ONLY

DRAWING IS TO BE VERIFIED PROPERLY

2. THE COORDINATES INDICATE IN THE

LEVELS & COORDINATES IN METER

1. ALL DIMENSION IN MILIMETERS

R.C.C COLUMN

PLINTH BEAM

TIE BEAM

RCC FOOTINGPCC BED

RAMP

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP


WELL COMPACTED

EARTH (TYP)

SECTION 'A-A'SCALE 1:100

R.C.C COLUMN

PLINTH BEAM

TIE BEAM

RCC FOOTINGPCC BED

TRUSS DETAILS AS PER STRUCTURAL DETAILS.

WMM(100mm)DLC(100mm) M30(200mm)

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


2 ISA 70x70x6 2 ISA 70x70x6

Roof Sheets

[email protected] C/C

ISA 50x50x6

2 ISA 70x70x6

2 ISA 50x50x6

16mt Truss Details(T1)

TIE MEMBERISA 40X40X6



12 2 3

DETAIL @ A-A

DETAIL @ A-A

6-16 bolts

10mm th GUSSET PLATE

2 of 10mm th GUSSET PLATE

TRUSS

DETAIL@A-A

CLIENT:

ULB: SALIGRAMA TPPROJECT:

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

TITTLE:

COLUMN-FOOTING DETAILS.

DEALT UMESH

DWG NO.

SCALE

DRAWN MADHU

18-05-2016

NTS

CONSULTANTS


1

Gusset Plate

2 3

Gusset Plate

Gusset Plate

PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


PR

OD

UC

ED

BY

AN

AU

TO

DE

SK

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

PR

OD

UC


B

PROJECT

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP

CONSULTANTS :

CLIENT: DISTRICT URBANDEVELOPMENT CELL

NOTES

1. ALL DIMENSION IN MILIMETERS LEVELS & COORDINATES IN METER



DRAWING IS TO BE VERIFIED PROPERLY

BEFORE EXECUTION

3. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING. ONLY WRITTEN DIMENION SHALL BE

FOLLOWED

4. ANY DISCREPANCIES NOTED SHALL BE BROUGHT TO THE NOTICE OF THE







DRAWING TITLE:- SANITARY LANDFILL

DRAWING STATUS


AS SHOWN 01

DRAWING NO

3870

0

38700

28700

2870

0

8610

38700

28700

250

020

00

8610

38700

28700

250

020

00

M/S MARS PLANNING &


100

850

100

650

100

125

60

0

PCC

10mm @

200mm c/c

10mm @

150mm c/c

12mm @

200mm c/c

10mm @

200mm c/c

ROAD SIDE DRAINS.

SLAB

All dimensions

are in mm

5500

150mm M 30

100mm DLC

100mm

WMM150mm Subgrade

Road cross section

0 to 2.5 %

camber

NOTES:

ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER

450

PROJECT

DWG TITLE: ROADS, DRAINS

& COMPOUND WALL.

CONSULTANTS :


IN MILIMETERS

CLIENT

DISTRICT URBAN


UDUPI DISTRICT.

ULB: SALIGRAMA TP


SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

100

1200

200

1000

100

20

060

0

PCC

10mm @

200mm c/c

10mm @

150mm c/c

12mm @

200mm c/c

10mm @

200mm c/c

DRAIN AROUND COMPOST PLANT

SLAB

All dimensions

are in mm

750 100

75

1800

50

230

RR MASONRY

PCC

PCC M 15

LATERITE STONE

MASONRY

COPING M 20

FENCING

450

300

300

BARBERD WIRE

FENCING DETAILS

50

450

COMPOUND WALL SECTION.

200

450

450

600

TRACK RAILS

T-SECTION 50X50X5

EMBEDDED IN ROAD

5000 450450

5900

450

200

100

210

0

1800

PLAN :- GATE

SCALE 1:100

ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100

ROLLERP.C.C (1:3:6)

COMPOUND

WALL

75X30 MS BOX SECTION

(OUTER FRAME)32X32

SQUARE PIPE

PERPORATION SHEET

450450 1200

WICKET GATE

B

PROJECT

CONSULTANTS :

CLIENT:

NOTES

1. ALL DIMENSION IN MILIMETERS LEVELS & COORDINATES IN METER



DRAWING IS TO BE VERIFIED PROPERLY BEFORE EXECUTION

3. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING. ONLY

WRITTEN DIMENION SHALL BE FOLLOWED


BROUGHT TO THE NOTICE OF THE ARCHITECT PRIOR TO EXECUTION

5. ANY DISCREPANCIES NOTED SHALL BE BROUGHT TO THE NOTICE OF THE




DRAWING TITLE

DRAWING STATUS


AS SHOWN 01

DRAWING NO

2100

PROJECT

DWG TITLE: WEIGH BRIDGE PLATFORM

CONSULTANTS :


IN MILIMETERS

CLIENT

DISTRICT URBAN


M/S MARS PLANNING & ENGINEERING SERVICES Pvt.Ltd

WEIGH BRIDGE PLATFORM

ANNEXURE 3:

Surve y to as s e s s the Pe r capita

Ge n e ratio n o f W as te

1

Surve y to as se s s the Pe r capita Ge n e ratio n o f W aste in Saligram a

Sl. No

Re s ide n ce de tails No o f

In dividuals / H o use h o ld

W eigh t o f w as te (W et + Dry) gram s

Per capita w as te

Ge n e ratio n (gm )

1 PremaMadival 2 400 200

2 Girija 4 2000 500

3 Jyothi 3 1500 500

4 AdirHusen 2 600 300

5 MakthunSaheb 4 900 225

6 Pyarubi 4 2000 500

7 ParvimBahnu 8 3000 375

8 KarimSaheb 7 3000 429

9 Shakinabhi 6 700 117

10 Casmir Disoza 6 1000 167

11 Soma Poojari 6 900 150

12 ShabuSaheb 9 800 89

13 MeruNissa 10 1200 120

14 Dr. Mohandas Bhat 4 1500 375

15 Dr. RatnakarNaik 4 900 225

16 AnandBhat 5 1300 260

17 Ratnamma 4 600 150

18 Ganesh Naik 6 700 117

19 RajappaNaya 7 500 71

20 Mohan Rao 4 300 75

21 Ram Bhat 4 300 75

22 Suresh 4 500 125

23 Paramesh 6 400 67

24 UdayaNayari 3 500 167

25 Shashikalamma 6 600 100

26 Snehalatha 8 1100 138

27 SanthoshaNayari 7 600 86

28 JaganathBhat 6 500 83

29 GowardanPai 4 200 50

30 Gungamma 3 300 100

31 SungeethaBhat 5 400 80

32 DasoNayari 2 200 100

2

Sl. No

Re s ide n ce de tails No o f

In dividuals / H o use h o ld

W eigh t o f w as te (W et + Dry) gram s

Per capita w as te

Ge n e ratio n (gm )

33 ManjuNayari 8 1500 188

34 AdarshaBhat 6 500 83

35 Nagaraju 4 300 75

36 PrasannaBhat 3 400 133

37 JanneshRao 2 100 50

38 Ranganath 5 700 140

39 Kamalamma Ramesh 3 200 67

40 Chandrashekar 4 300 75

41 PundaleekarRao 10 1500 150

42 Thimmappa 4 500 125

43 JoiceDisoza 6 400 67

44 Thukaram 4 300 75

45 Durgamma 2 100 50

46 Shivakumar 3 400 133

47 BabuNayari 5 600 120

48 GopalkrishnaNayari 3 200 67

49 Lakshmi Santhosh Kumar 3 500 167

50 DevarajBhat 4 600 150

ANNEXURE 4:

Surve y to as s e s s the n um be r o f

Co m m e rcial Es tablis hm e n ts in

Saligram a

No of Commercial Establishments in Saligrama

Ward No

Name of the Ward Population Residential

Units Commercial

Units

1 Padukere 1,151 340 6

2 Heggadthi Makki 1,221 391 7

3 Gendekere 921 186 20

4 Vishnumoorthi Circle 874 529 186

5 Karthattu 941 345 0

6 Marigudi Kshethra 938 360 47

7 Saligrama Pete 903 263 52

8 Badaholi 901 267 28

9 Thenkuholi 1,080 186 4

10 Paduholi 1,321 311 0

11 Thagginabailu 1,081 159 27

12 Dodmanebettu 1,373 168 1

13 Pathalabettu 1,094 144 0

14 Challamakki 1,324 485 68

Total 15,123 4,133 446

ANNEXURE 5:

Phys ical & Ch aracte ris atio n o f W as te

ST au E I E NABl Accredited Laboratory and

OHSA5 Certified Laboratory

TEST CERTIFICATE ·-.--

" 8 & 28, 4th Closs, Maruthl Nagar,

Chandr.l Layout, 80 Feet Ro.d.

Naprabhavl, Banplore· 560 on Phone:23390341,23390737,23180113

Mobile: 9611324429

Email: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Web: www.sthlab.com

Report No: STH/QF/ 783/03 Customer Code No.: Ni l

Issued To:

Kind Attn.:

Mis. MaRS Planning and

Engineering Services Pvt ltd.,

No,60i , Surmount Bu ilding,

Opp. Iscon Temple, Sarkhej -

Gandhinagar Hwy, Satell ite,

Ahm edabad, Gujarat

380015.lndia

Sample receipt dat e:

Sta rt of analysis dat e:

13.10.2015

14.10.2015

Nature of sample: Municipal solid waste Completion Date: 19.10.2015

Location Saligrama

Condition of Sample: Good Report Date: 19.10 .2015

Sample package: Plastic bags Job Order Number: 783/03

Date of Sampling: 13.10.2015 Sampled By: By STH

UNIT RESULT TEST PARAMETER

Physical characteristics

Biodegradable

Paper/carboard 21.00 %

Organic waste % 35.46'

wood % 04.08

Non Biodegradable

Rubber & leather % 04.15 .

27.30 Plastics %

02.10Rags/Textiles %

00.62 Metals %

Inerts

Glass & Crockery 02.14%

03.15 Stone & Grits %

Chemical Characteristics I

Bulk density gm/cc 0 .262 II .-pH 07.45

Proximate Analysis

Moisture 40. 12%

Volatile % 31.10.

Fixed carbon % 07.56

Ash content % 21.12 Cootd ........

I "Ctt:llab Inc arge

NOTr d san I dnd ppliCllb!e parameters. 2. Thl! s.ample w,lI be preserved for a maximum 0 7 dm on rcQuet

produc din p rt or full Ild cannol be u5ed s cvto nee In court of law without prior perml~lon In wr,lln'

15 Iimil dot ou,,! 5 Sample SI nor drawn by us unless otherwise 5U1ted,

mailto:[email protected]



N iI 8 & 28, 4th Cros5, Marulh Napr,

Chandra lavout, 80 Feet Road, A EST ous Nagarabhavl, B.nsaklre· 560 072

NABL Accredited Laboratory and Phone:23390341,23390737,23180113

Mobile: 9611324429OHSAS Certified laboratory

Email: [email protected]

snehahJtechprod~tts@gm il.com

[email protected]

Web; www.sthlab.comTEST CERTIFICATE

STH/QF/783/03

Ultimate Analysis{on Dry basis)

Carbon as C % 39.28


Oxygen as 0 % 21.59


Sulphur as S % 00.19

Phosphorus as P % 00:06


C/N ratio % 151.96:1 --Heavy Metals

Arsenic as (As) mg/Kg NO

Zinc as (Zn) mg/ Kg 0.042

lead as (Pb) mg/ Kg NO

Cadmium as (Cd) mg/ Kg NO

Copperas (Cu) mg/Kg 0.017

Mercury as (Hg) mg/ Kg NO

Nickel as (Nil mg/Kg 0.010

Iron as (Fe) mg/Kg 02.78

Gross calorific value Kcal/Kg 1160

NO:Not Detected

~1~1.-, Lab Incharge

onlv to d sarnpl and <lppl able p r.lmeters..2 Th sampl III he preserved lor m

II 1101 b r produc d In pOI or full and cannot be used as eVidence n court or law wrthou! prior permiSSion In writIng

lUI labO tOfV I~ 11m t d t 1h Invoice moun 5 Sample (5) not d~ 'lfn by u unl ~ otherwise slated.



IIFBtNational Accreditation Board for

Testing and Galibration LaboratoriesDepartment of Science & Technology, India

CE.H(TIFICATE OF ACCRE,IDITATION

SNEHA TEST HOUSE

has been asse$ed and accredited in accordance with the standard

rs0/rEc 17025:2005

'C'eneral Requiremenb for the Comptmce d Testing & Cilibmtion lahratories'

foritsffitiesat

No. B, 28 4th Cross Maruthinagar, Chandra Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka

in the discipline of

BIOLOGICAL TESTING(To see the scope of accreditation of this laborabry, youmay also visit NABL webslte wwwnabl-indb.op)

CertificateNumber T-303g

Issue Date 04rc7n014 Valid Until ffitO7tZO16

This certificate remains valid for the Scope of Accteditation as specified in the annexure subject tocontinued satisfactory compliance to the above standard & the additional requirements of NABL.

Signed forand onhhalf of NABL

Cn*C.^rz1

John Varughese

Program Manager

***r*9)-Anil Relia

Director Chairman

Ll

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NFBtNational Accreditation Board for

Testing and Gallbration LaboratoriesDepartment of Science & Technology, India

CE,RTIFICATE OF ACCREf,DITATION

SNEHA TEST HOUSE

has been a$essed and accredited in accordance with the standard

rs0/tEc 17025:2005

'Genual Rquiremmb for the Comptmce d Tr$hog & Crlibration Inhatories'

for its facilities at

No, B, 28 4th Cross Maruthinagar, Chandra Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka

€- .^c\,rr"'John Varughese

Program Manager

in the discipline of

CHEMICAL TESTING

Anil Relia

Director

(To see the scope of accredlt€tion of this laboetory yqu may also visit NABL website www.nabl-india.oq)

Certificate Number T-3037

Issue Date 04rc7n014 Valid Until 6p;07 t2016

This certificate remains valid for the Scope of Accteditation as specified in the annexure subject to

continued satisfactory compliance to the above standard & the additional requirements of NABL.

Prof. K. VijayR-aghavan

Chairman

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DNV.GL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMCERTIFICATCertificate No: Initial certification date : Valid r

06, April, 2015 - 05, April, 2018175505-2015-HSO-IND-DNV 06, April, 2015

This islo certify that the management system of

Sneha Test HouseNo. 8 & 28, 4th Cross, Maruthinagar, ChandraBangalore - 560 O72, Karnataka, India

Layout, 80 Feet Road, Nagarbhavi,

has been found to conform to the Occupational Health and Safety ManagementSystem standard:

OHSAS 18OO L=2OO7 (non-accr. )

This certificate is valid for the following scope:

Provision of- Environmental laboratory services for industries and general public- Consultancy on wastewater treatment systems and environmentalliaisoning

Place and date:Chennai, 07, Apral, z0ts

Forthe issujng office:DNV GL - Business AssuranceROMA, No. 10, GST Road, Alandur,Chennai, PIN - 600 016, India

Sivadasan MadiyathManagement Representative

Lack of fulfilment of conditions as set out in the Certification Agreement may render this CertiRcate invalid.

ACCREDITED UNIT: DNV GL Business Assurance India Private Limited, ROI4A, No 10, GST Road, Alandur, Chennai, PIN - 600 016, India

ANNEXURE 6:

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ATL/MSW/2017/001 Dated: 06.07.2017

District Municiapl Administration

SUB: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MACHINERIES

Dear Sir,

We are, an ISO 9001:2008 and OHSAS 18001:2007 certified engineering company that provides

technological solutions and equipment for municipal solid waste compost plants, waste incineration,

High technology Shredders for volume reduction of waste and process heating besides catering to other

needs of various streams of Waste Management since 1989.

Our Environment Division manufactures complete MSW Processing Plants, Waste Incinerators,

Rotary Kilns, Gravity Separators, Shredders, Balers, Waste Compactors, Magnetic Separators, Dryers

etc. and also supplies individual equipment like Trommels, material handling systems, vibrating

screens or any other machinery related to waste processing.

Alfa Therm MSW compost plant and equipment are installed in Maharashtra, Karnataka, U.P,

Nagaland, Agartala, Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi states.

Our customers include BBMP, RamkyEnviro Engineers Ltd, ILFS Environmental & Infrastructural

Services Limited, UPL Ltd, A2Z Infrastructure Ltd, SPML Infra Ltd, Allahabad Waste Processing Ltd

, ILFS, Madurai Waste Management, KCDC, Reliance Industries Ltd, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, ABB Ltd,

Alstom Ltd, NALCO, NTPC, Avon Cycles Ltd, Perfetti India Ltd, Rico Auto Industries Ltd, Hero

Cycles Ltd, International Tractors Ltd, Punjab Tractors Ltd, Swaraj Mazda Ltd, Nirma Ltd, Bhushan

Steel Ltd, JaypeeKarcham Hydro Corporation, Surya Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Heinz India Ltd, Cadbury

India Ltd, Vedanta Aluminium Ltd, Hutti Gold Mines Company, NMDC etc.

Alfa Therm plant and equipment have been exported to Syria, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan,

Hungary, New Zealand, Germany, Fiji, Iraq, Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Namibia, Angola, Vietnam,

Maldives, British Virgin Island, Nepal, Sudan, Lebanon, Brunei, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh,

Seychelles, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Mauritania, Srilanka and Libya.

We assure you that we will design, manufacture and setup the most modern plant as per your

requirement.

As desired vide your email dated 4th

July, we are attaching herewith our quotation for your needful.

You may also contact our Director Mr. Harjot Singh Chatha on 98100-60029.

Thanking you and awaiting your valuable order.

For Alfa Therm Limited

Yogita Sharma

(Marketing Division)

ATL/2017/001 July 6, 2017 OUR OFFER FOR REQUIRED ITEMS

TERMS & CONDITIONS Prices are ex-works KundliDistt. Sonipat (Haryana)

GST ��Extra@18% or extra as applicable

Freight Charges ��Extra at actual

Erection and commissioning��Extra at actual

PAYMENT TERMS

� 50% advance along with order

� 50% against proforma invoice prior to dispatch

DELIVERY PERIOD

We shall deliver the equipments within 4-6 WEEKS from the date of receipt of your order along with

advance payment.

VALIDITY

Our offer is valid for 30 days from the date of this offer.

WARRANTY

The equipment shall be warranted for a period of 1 year from the date of dispatch against any

manufacturing defects.

(Yogita Sharma)

Marketing Division

Sl. No. Equipment Specification (Length X

Width)

Qty/Nos. Price

(RS.)

1 Hopper (1.5 m Height) 3 m × 3m 1 No. 4,00,000/-

2 Trommel 40 mm 6 m × 1.8 m 1 No. 14,00,000/-

3 Trommel 35 mm 6 m × 1.8 m 1 No. 14,00,000/-

4 Trommel 16 mm 6 m × 1.8 m 1 No. 14,00,000/-

5 Trommel 4 mm 5 m × 1.4 m 1 No. 13,00,000/-

6 Material feeding conveyor to Trommels

(40 mm, 35 mm, 16mm, 4 mm) 7.5 m × 1.5 m

1 No.

6,25,000/-

7

Material receiving conveyor from

Trommels (40 mm, 35 mm, 16mm, 4

mm)

7.5 m × 1.5 m

1 No.

6,25,000/-

8

Z conveyors for reject material

receiving from Trommels (40 mm, 35

mm, 16mm, 4 mm)

6 m × 1.5 m

1 No.

4,80,000/-

9 De stoner with dust collection System 1 No. 8,70,000/-

10 Vertical Bailer 2 TPH – 4 TPH 1 No. 15,00,000/-

Commissioner, 10/10/2017


Bangalore

Dear Sir

Sub: - Quotation for TATA SK1613 4X2, 6.5Cum BSIV Tipper under GeM/DGS&D

We are pleased to offer the above vehicle at the following terms and conditions under

GeM/DGS&D

Quotation under GeM

TATA SK1613 4X2, 6.5Cum BSIV Tipper

Description Rate

Final Price inclusive of GST and exclusive of Freight charges 15,43,438.00

Road delivery charges as per GeM Rs. 18/- per KM for 2000KM 36,000.00

GST 28% on RDC 10,080.00

Toytal per vehicle Ex Bangalore delivery 15,89,518.00

Prices and taxes ruling at the time of delivery of the vehicle will be applicable irrespective of

when the order is placed, accepted or payment received. Charges if any by the time the

vehicle/chassis are supplied to you will be intimated to you, which we presume, will receive your

acceptance.

SALES TAX

The sales tax considered is 28% GST.

DELIVERY – BANGALORE as per GeM/DGS&D delivery terms

PAYMENT TERMS- As per GeM/DGS&D payment terms

Please contact the following address:

Mr. KUNNAL. MUDBIDRI (Mob: +919538251551)

M/S Tata Motors Ltd,

2nd Floor, Fortune Summit, # 244 HSR Layouts, 6th Phase

Hosur Main Road

Bangalore - 560 102

WARRANTY

12 months unlimited kilometers from the date of invoice/sale for the quoted models Warranty

terms will be governed as per our standard policy.

AFTER SALES SERVICE

Tata vehicle is backed by our excellent after sales service. We have our network of authorized

dealers, service centers and our zonal services located all over India. For any after sales service

obligation, our nearest dealer or our service office will be pleased to render assistance.

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services always.

Yours faithfully,

For, Tata Motors Ltd

KUNNAL MUDBIDRI

KAM –Govt Sales

Contact No: +919538251551

To, 10/10/2017

Commissioner,


Bangalore

Dear Sir,

Sub: - Quotation for TATA Model 10 CuM., 8.5Cum. 6.5CuM. 3CuM. & 2.66 CuM. BSIV Box Tippers

We are pleased to offer the above model vehicles at the following terms and conditions

under Special Govt price,.

Quotation

Description 10 CUM FE BOX TIPP

LPK1613/36 BS4

8.5 cum FE BOX TIPP

SK1613/36 BSIV

Price Ex RSO Dharwad delivery 17,08,279.00 16,31,444.00

Transportation charges 20,000.00 20,000.00

Sub Total 17,28,279.00 16,51,444.00

CGST@14% 2,41,959.00 2,31,202.00

SGST@14% 2,41,959.00 2,31,202.00

Total price Bangalore delivery 22,12,197.00 21,13,848.00

Description LPK 1212 CR X,30,BS

IV,6.5 CUMBOX

3CUM LD TIPPER ON

LPK407/27 BSIV PS

2.66 CUM BOX TIPPER

SK407EX/31,BS-IV

Price Ex RSO Dharwad delivery 11,40,625.00 8,76,291.00 8,77,144.00

Transportation charges 18,000.00 17,000.00 17,000.00

Sub Total 11,58,625.00 8,93,291.00 8,94,144.00

CGST@14% 1,62,208.00 1,25,061.00 1,25,180.00

SGST@14% 1,62,208.00 1,25,061.00 1,25,180.00

Total price Bangalore delivery 14,83,040.00 11,43,412.00 11,44,504.00

Prices and taxes ruling at the time of delivery of the vehicle will be applicable irrespective of

when the order is placed, accepted or payment received. Charges if any by the time the

vehicle/chassis are supplied to you will be intimated to you, which we presume, will receive your

acceptance.

SALES TAX

The sales tax considered is 28% GST (14%CGST & 14% SGST).

DELIVERY – Bangalore

PAYMENT TERMS

As per our standard policy, full value of vehicle is required to be paid in advance by demand

draft drawn in favor of Tata Motors Limited at Bangalore on any scheduled bank free of all bank

charges, against our Performa Invoice.

Please send the DD at the following address:

Mr. KUNNAL. MUDBIDRI (Mob: +919538251551)

M/S Tata Motors Ltd,

2nd Floor, Fortune Summit, # 244 HSR Layouts, 6th Phase

Hosur Main Road

Bangalore - 560 102

WARRANTY

Warranty terms will be governed as per our TATA Motors standard policy.

AFTER SALES SERVICE

Tata vehicle is backed by our excellent after sales service. We have our network of authorized

dealers, service centers and our zonal services located all over India. For any after sales service

obligation, our nearest dealer or our service office will be pleased to render assistance.

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services always.

Yours faithfully,

For, Tata Motors Ltd

KUNNAL MUDBIDRI

KAM –Govt Sales

Contact No: +919538251551

EXPERTS FOR THE REAL WORLDSINCE 1842

www.casece.com

HIGH ON PRODUCTIVITY. HIGHEST FUEL EFFICIENCY.

BACKHOE LOADER

770

2

ENGINEMake ________________________________ Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd.Model ______________________________________ 4R1040TC BS-IIINo. of Cylinders _______________________________ 4Cylinders, InlineDisplacement _______________________________________ 4160 ccType ______________ 4 Stoke, Turbo charged Water Cooled, Diesel EngineGross Power ____________________ 76 hp@2200 RPM as per ISO 3046Electrical System _____________________________________ 12 V DCBattery ________________________________________ 130 Ah ratingAlternator ___________________________________ 65 A rated output

TRANSMISSIONSingle stage hydrokinetic type torque converter Shuttle ranger with 4 speed synchromesh gearbox. Travel Speeds with 16.9X28 rear tyresGear Forward/ReverseI 4.8/5.8II 7.8/9.3III 16.6/ Not RecommendedIV 29.7/ Not Recommended

AXLES & BRAKESFront Axle ____________ Heavy Duty oscillating 20 Deg type Steering axleRear Axle _____________________________ Rigid with planetary drivesWheel Base _____________________ 2200 mm (2WD) / 2175 mm (4WD)Tread width - Front ____________________________________________ 1880 mm- Rear ____________________________________________ 1760 mmBrakes _________________________ Oil immersed wet disc brakes on

rear wheels hydraulically actuated

SERVICE REFILL CAPACITIESHydraulic system capacity (Main) _______________________ 142 LitresFuel Tank _________________________________________ 122 LitresEngine Coolant Water _________________________________ 18 LitresEngine Oil _________________________________________ 9.5 LitresTransmission _______________________________________ 16 LitresAxle _____________________________________________ 22 Litres

STEERINGSteering _________ Hydraulic actuation with independent Hydraulic CircuitSteering Gear Pump Max. output @2200 RPM ________________ 22 LPMTurning Radius with brake ___________________ 3217 mm Outside TyreTurning Radius without brake _________________ 4488 mm Outside TyreTurning Radius without brake _______________ 5500 mm Outside Bucket

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMGear Pump Max. output @2200 RPM ______________________123 LPMSystem Pressure _____________________________________ 190 Bar

BACKHOEMax. reach from centre line of machineSide Shift _________________________________________ 6126 mmSwing arc __________________________________________ 180 DegBucket Rotation ______________________________________ 204 DegLoading reach at max. height ___________________________ 2357 mmMax. height ________________________________________ 5386 mmMax. dump height ___________________________________ 3550 mmMax. reach from pivot @ ground level _____________________ 5582 mmMax. dig depth ______________________________________ 4335 mmMax. lift capacity (No bucket fi tted as per SAE J31) ___________ 1315 kgsBreakout forceDipper _____________________________________________3725 kgfBucket ____________________________________________5093 kgf

OVERALL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTSOverall operating weight_______________________________ 7500 kgsGround clearance _____________________________________ 333 mmOverall width of side shift machine for transport _____________ 2320 mmOverall height, transport position _________________________ 3887 mmOverall length transport position with standard Bucket without teeth __________________________ 5884 mm

BOTTOM DUMP BUCKETThis multipurpose bucket is ideal for digging, loading, dozing, backfi lling, grading and grab operation.Bucket width Outside _________________________________ 2265 mmWidth of dozer blade _________________________________ 2280 mmMaximum Clamp Opening ______________________________ 977 mmBucket capacity (SAE HEAPED) __________________________ 1.0 Cu.mDump height _______________________________________ 2710 mm

LOADERBucket reach fl at on ground ____________________________ 1518 mmGrading angle _______________________________________ 115 degDigging depth bucket fl at on ground ________________________ 39 mmDumping angle ______________________________________ 43° DegMax. Loader Break Out Force ____________________________ 6807 kgLift Capacity @Max. height ______________________________ 3425 kgMax. Payload ________________________________________ 1760 kg

SPECIFICATIONS

770

Modular Transmission Heavy Duty Axle

3

GENERAL

DIMENSIONS

Dimensions mmOperating Date for Case 770Case 770 with 9X16 front & 16.9 X28 rear tyre

ATTACHMENTS • Auger

• Multitine grab

• Clamshell

OPTIONAL• Rockbreaker

• Lifting arrangement

• Bottom dump bucket

• Ripper Tooth

• Backfi ll blade

• Heavy duty tyres -14X25 - 20 PR

• Dozer blade

Buckets Capacity (SAE L) Width (mm) Wt. (kg)

Loader HD 630 1532 230

Loader HD 760 2277 308

Loader GP 900 2277 365

Loader GP 1000 2277 400

Loader coal handling 1200 2277 435

Loader Garbage handling (without teeth) 1500 2277 480

Bull Clam 1000 2300 560

Trenching 80 305 117




Trapezoidal 300 305 200

Ditch Cleaning (without teeth) 300 895 205

EXPERTS FOR THE REAL WORLDSINCE 1842

www.casece.com

PARTS AND SERVICEWide network of customer support across the world.No matter where you work, we’re here to support and protect your investment and exceed your expectations. You can count on Case and your Case dealer for full-service solutions-productive equipment, expert advice, fl exible fi nancing, genuine Case parts and fast service. We’re here to provide you with the ultimate ownership experience. To locate a Case dealer or learn more about Case equipment or customer service, go to www.casece.com

NOTE: CASE provides specifi c outfi ts for various countries and many optional fi ttings (OPT). The illustrations on this or other leafl ets may relate to standard or optional fi ttings. Please consult your CASE dealer for any information in this regard and any possible updating on components. CNH Industrial reserves the right to modify machine specifi cations without incurring any obligation relating to such changes.

CASE NEW HOLLAND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED

B1-207, 2nd Floor, Boomerang, Chandivali Farm RoadNear Chandivali Studio, Andheri (East)Mumbai – 400072, Maharashtra, India Email:[email protected]

Form

No. IN

4201C

CG

B -

Media

Cross F

irenze -

10/15

CIN:U52300KA2013PTC071567 Regd. Office: # 20/2, 3

rd Cross, 14

th A Main, E Block, Sahakaranagar, Bangalore 560 092, Karnataka

Quotation Name Mr. M/s. MARS Planning Engineering Services Pvt.Ltd Date

Address #601, Surmount, Opp Iscon Megha Mall

S G Highway, Ahamedabad -380015

25.10.2017 Quotation no AAE/ 770/1757

Hyp To

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QTY PRICE EACH, EX-Depot, Bangalore (Rs)

Case 770 Loader Backhoe powered by KOEL 4R10TC BS-III, water cooled diesel engine developing 76hp@2200 rpm, fitted with 0.26 Cum backhoe bucket, 1.00 Cum loader bucket and with 9x16 tyres (front) and 16.9 x 28(rear) and generally as per our specification sheet.

Basic price 1 18,35,000..00 C G S T@14% S G S T@14%

2,56,900.00 2,56,900.00

Total 23,48,800.00 TCS @ 1% 23,488.00 Grand Total 23,72,288.00

1 PRICE BASIS The Price quoted are inclusive of CGST@ 14%, SGST@ 14% and TCS @1%.

2 PAYMENT 20% advance along with the order. Balance 80% before delivery of the machine

Name of the Beneficiary : Afro Asia Equipments Pvt Ltd

Name of the Bank & Branch : ICICI Bank, M.G.Road Branch, Bangalore – 560 001

Account No : 000205026384, IFSC Code : ICIC0000002

3 INSURANCE To your account, to be provided before despatch of the machine

4 REGISTRATION To your account, however we will provide Temporary regn.valid for 30 days

5 WARRANTY 12 months from the date of commissioning as per CASE Policy. However, Engine warranty will be as per the policy of the Engine Manufacturers.

6 ORDER PLACEMENT

You may kindly place your order on Afro Asia Equipment Private Limited, Bangalore – 560092

7 DELIVERY Within 15 to 20 days from the date of completion of all technical and commercial transactions

8 VALIDITY Our offer is valid for 30 days from date of our quotation

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services at all times, we remain, Yours faithfully, For Afro Asia Equipments Private Limited

M. Lakshman Mobile: 7022025553. Email:[email protected]

mailto:Email@[email protected]

iTriangle Infotech Pvt. Ltd. Date 12-01-2016

No. 3420, 1st Floor Expiration Date 19-01-2016

Service Road, RPC Layout (West) Invoice #

Vijayanagar, Bangalore - 560040 Customer ID

Phone: 080 - 23180601

CUSTOMER SHIP TO SHIPPING DETAILS

MaRS Planning & Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd Freight Type Land

601, Surmount, Opp. Iscon Mega Mall Est Ship Date To be Decided

S. G. Highway Est Gross Weight To be Decided

Ahmedabad – 380015 Est Cubic Weight To be Decided

Gujarat, India Total Packages 1

SL

NO.

MODEL

NO. QTY UNIT PRICE TAX (%)

TOTAL AMOUNT

(Rs)

1 U101 V1 1 4,850.00 5.50% 4,850.00

2 1 4,800.00 14.50% 4,800.00

3 1 3,000.00 14.50% 3,000.00

4 1 30.00 14.50% 30.00

5 1 250.00 14.50% 250.00

6 1 300.00 14.50% 300.00

-

-

-

-

-

[42] Subtotal 13,230.00

TERMS OF SALE AND OTHER COMMENTS

Service Tax 14.50% 775.75

Vat 5.50% 266.75

Vat @ 14.50% 439.35

Total Tax 1,481.85

Legal/Consular -

Inspection/Cert. -

Other (specify) -

Other (specify) -

TOTAL 14,712

Currency INRRupees: Fourteen Thousand Seven Hundred and

twelve Only

IFSC Code: UTIB0000468

Quotation

RFID Reader 125Khz LF

RFID Card

Geo Tagging / Location (Collection

Point)

Installation Charges

DESCRIPTION

1. 100% Advance Payment along with P O.

Bank & Branch Name: Axis Bank Ltd,Vijayanagar Branch, Ba

Account Number: 912020010804650

aQuila Track hardware device

Yearly Tracking Subscription charges

2. All payments to be done in favour of iTriangle

Infotech Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore

GPS-GSM-RFID based Municipal Waste

Pickup Management system

www.itriangle.in

Contents

Executive summary 3

Problem definition 3

Proposed Solution 4

Solution Functionalities 4

Waste Bin Creation 4

Creation of Dump yard creation 5

Bin/Waste Pick up and Unloading Report. 6

Current Operation Status 7

Live Tracking 7

Route Reply 8

Bin Collection Report 8

Dump yard Visit Report 9

Live Tracking Report(Satellite view) 9

Daily Report 10

Halt and Stop Report 10

Advance Monthly Report 11

Geo Fence Report 11

Engine Run hours 12

Additional Solutions(optional at extra cost). 12

RFID based solutions. 12

Panic Button Alerts. 12

www.itriangle.in

Executive summary

A Bangalore based ISO 9001:2008 certified Company

Has developed a proprietary platform for Remote Data Acquisition, based on GPS-GSM-RFID

that could be used across various industry sectors.

Having complete proprietary platform for remote data acquisition which can be adapted to any

of the domains like automotive, industrial, health care, logistics etc.

Also, focusing on next generation web applications and handheld computing.

Has undertaken and successfully executed real time industry projects in the domains of

automotive, telecommunication and industrial automation.

Having a global R and D Team with 65+ engineers from different areas of expertise such as

embedded systems, mechanical design, web application, mobile computing, automotive

systems and medical applications.

For more information about the company, visit www.itriangle.in.

Problem definition

Municipal Waste Pick Up and Management is one of the critical functions and responsibilities of

any Municipal Corporation across the Country. The general awareness on hygiene and health

has increased amongst Citizens and the general public sees effective implementation of the

regular pick up of Mu icipal Waste as a ajor factor i ai tai i g the respecti e to ’s cleanliness and hygiene. But on the other hand, it is a major challenge to the Corporation to

ensure the pickup of the Municipal waste from all the appointed locations of the town on a

regular basis and dump it in the appointed yard. There are often many complaints from the

citizens with regards to the irregularity in the waste pick up from their ward locations, although

the Corporation has appointed staff and vehicles to ensure regularity. But because of the laxity

of the staff involved in the Municipal Waste pick up, the Corporation often ends up incurring the

wrath of the general public, besides spending huge sums of money. There is an acute need of

tracking and monitoring the vehicles which are meant to carry out the Waste Pick up operations,

ensure that they strictly follow the assigned routes and regularly visit the pickup points and

replace the filled bins with empty ones.

http://www.itriangle.in/

www.itriangle.in

Proposed Solution

We have carefully studied the problem and understood the requirements to regulate, track and

monitor the Municipal Waste Pick up activity. We have designed and developed a solution based on

GPS-GSM-RFID that can effectively be used to control and eliminate the irregularities, malpractices in

this area. This secure solution will offer the Corporation the benefits of a technology that will ensure

compliance with the stated regulations, prevent any attempts of violations, ensure that the Staff and the

Pickup vehicles will follow and adhere to the allotted routes, service all the waste pick up locations and

dump the waste in the appointed dump yard.. The highlights of the Solution are:

Solution Functionalities

The solution is based on GPS -GSM-RFID and it offers comprehensive vehicle tracking solutions for waste

collection vehicles. Each Garbage collection vehicle will be fitted with GPS tracker with RFID reader

which enables it to be tracked minute by minute.

Waste Bin Creation

www.itriangle.in

A GPS based survey of all the Waste bins present in the city which needs to be serviced every day shall

be carried out and the location of each bin is captured in the system

The bin can be added and deleted or moved from one position to other based on the requirement

Each Bin is attached with a unique long range RFID tag and the tag is read by the RFID reader present in

the Vehicle whenever the vehicle goes to collect the garbage from the bin. This tag data is sent to the

server along with GPS tracking data through GSM network

Creation of Dump yard creation

www.itriangle.in

One or multiple dump yards can be created by GPS survey or by locating it on the Map. Whenever a

vehicle enters and leaves the boundary of the dump yard, the time stamp is captured and sent to the

server which will help in generating various reports on dumping operation.

Bin/Waste Pick up and Unloading Report.

A customized solution of second level authentication for the hydraulic/electrical operation of the bucket

in pick up vans can be provided by mapping the bin location via Geo Tagging and reporting the waste

pick up/unloading event (WPU). The solution identifies the hydraulic/electrical operation of the bucket

at the Geo Tagged location and assumes that the municipal waste has been picked and unloaded.

This feature also reports and confirms that the WPU operation has been carried out at the designated

location which is Geo Tagged. It also reports the hydraulic/electrical operation of the bucket in un-

authorized locations.

Please note: In the absence of Hydraulic/electrical buckets in the pickup vehicle, only bin visit report

can be generated.

www.itriangle.in

Current Operation Status

Live Tracking

www.itriangle.in

Route Reply

Bin Collection Report

www.itriangle.in

Dump yard Visit Report

Live Tracking Report(Satellite view)

www.itriangle.in

Daily Report

Halt and Stop Report

www.itriangle.in

Advance Monthly Report

Geo Fence Report

www.itriangle.in

Engine Run hours

Note: Various Other Reports can be generated based on the customer requirement

Additional Solutions(optional at extra cost).

RFID based solutions.

The proposed solution will have a long range RFID reader in the master dump yard and indestructible

RFID tags are fixed on the Waste pick up vehicles. The reader will capture the entry time and the

departure time of the pickup vehicles. The major benefit of this solution is that the corporation can

monitor and ensure that the waste has been dumped in the earmarked location only and not elsewhere.

Panic Button Alerts.

The proposed solution will have a panic button installed on the vehicle. This enables the driver to use

this button to report events like, vehicle breakdown, distress calls.

www.itriangle.in

Thank you and we look forward to a

mutually enriching association.

No.47/1, Sundar Industrial Estate,

New Timber Yard layout ,

Bangalore - 560026

Tel/Fax: 080-26750423 Website: www.sadhanaees.com/email id: [email protected]

To,

MARS Planning & Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. ,

#601, Surmount Opposite Iscon Mega Mall,

S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-380015

Gujarat (INDIA).

SUB: Offer for Pushcart with 4 bucket

S. No Description of Material / Item Qty. Unit Rate (Rs.) Amount in Rs.

1 Pushcart with 4 bucket 1 No 13,700 13,700

13,700.00

13,700.00

1

2

3

4

5

6 WARRANTEE : ONE YEAR FROM DATE OF SUPPLY AGAINST MANUFACTURING DEFECTS.

AUTHORISED SIGNATORY

MODE OF DELIVERY: BY ROAD

VAT APPLICABLE : 5.5% & 14.5% VAT

DELIVERY TERMS : WITHIN 60 DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF WORK ORDER AND ADVANCE

For SADHANA ENVIRO ENGINEERING SERVICES

Total

Rupees. Forteen Thousand Only

Terms and Conditions:

PAYMENT : 100% ADVANCE ALONG WITH FORMAL PURCHASE ORDER

VALIDITY: 30 DAYS

SADHANA ENVIRO ENGINEERING SERVICES

QUOTATION

REF:SEES/MARS/Q/0255/2016-17 DATE : 06.01.2017

TOTAL

Round Off(+,-)

ANNEXURE 8:

Proposed Command Area map

Command Area - 2

Command Area - 1

Command Area - 4

Command Area - 3

6

2

8

9

1

4

5

10

11

7

3

14

13

12

Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town Panchayat Command Area Map µ

Legend

Comman_area

Ward Boundary

Command Area - 1

Command Area - 2

Command Area - 3

Command Area - 4

ANNEXURE 9:

Pro po se d Ro ute Map fo r Co lle ctio n &

Tran s po rtatio n o f W as te

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HP Gas Agency

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Agoreshwara Temple

Madhyastha Complex

Lion's Eye Hospital

Sri Mariyamma Temple

Girija Kalyana Mantapa

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Vivek English High School

Sri Vishwakarma Samskruthika Sabha Bhavan

Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town Panchayatµ

Legend

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AT-1_TP1_E

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2

1

3

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Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town panchayat AutoTipper - 1

Legend

µ

Legend

!. Start_End

Trip-1

Trip-2

#* points

Ward Boundary

SL NO Ward_No House Hold Length(KM)

1 1 346 0.62

2 2 199 0.56


1 2 199 0.43

2 3 206 0.39

Trip-1

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38

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6

8

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5

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Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town Panchayat AutoTipper - 2

Legend

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#* points

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Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town panchayatAutoTipper - 3

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R51

R58

R98

R102

R56

R97

AT-4_TP2_S

AT-4_TP2_E

AT-4_TP1_S

11

14

13

12

Sri Venkata Ramana Temple

Sri Vishwakarma Samskruthika Sabha Bhavan

Proposed Door to Door Collection in Saligrama Town panchayatAutoTipper - 4

Legend

µ

Legend

!. Start_End

Trip-1

Trip-2

#* points

Ward Boundary


1 11 186 0.42

2 12 169 0.43

3 13 144 0.34


2 14 553 0.74

Trip-1

Auto Tipper -4

Trip-2

MaRS Planning & Engineering Services Private Limited601, Surmount, Opp. Iscon Mega Mall, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad – 380015, Gujarat, India.

detailed project report for msw management for...

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