detailed project report for solid waste …detailed project report for solid waste management for...

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR MULKI TOWN PANCHAYATH

OCTOBER 2017

SUBMITTED TO

DIRECTORATE OF MUNICIPAL ADMINSTRATION (DMA)

GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

BY

TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD

247 PARK, 4TH FLOOR, TOWER-A, LBS MARG, VIKHROLI (W)

MUMBAI-400083

TCE.10030A-CH-2022-DP-04

Project Cost for Solid Waste Management of MULKI TP

Sl. No. Component Per Annum (INR

in Lakh)

1 Collection & Transportation (Includes Vehicle & Equipment’s )

27.67

2 Processing & Disposal (Includes Civil Work ) 106.61

TOTAL 134.28

Per ton cost @7.74Tons

Chief officer Project Director MULKI TP DUDC, Dakshina Kannada

Executive Engineer (SWM)

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Bengaluru

Director

Director of Municipal Administration

Bengaluru

Project Summary for SWM DPR for MULKI TP

Name of the ULB Mulki TP

No. of wards 17

Area Sq. Kms. 11

Population 2011 Census 17288

Present Population (projected) 18322

No. of households (present) 5800

No. of commercial establishments (present) 718

Qty. of waste generated in TPDs at present 6.6

Design quantity of Waste in TPD (2022) 7.74

Qty. of waste collected and transported daily in TPD

6.0

Qty. of waste processed every day in TPD 1.0

Details of Road Length in Kms

A- Type 5

B- Type 18

C- Type 22

D- Type 0

Total Road length in Kms. 45

Details of landfill site

Sy. No., village name Bappanadu

Extent of land in acres and guntas 2.38

Distance from the town in Kms. 3

No. of households and commercial establishments covered under door-to-door collection of waste presently

5866

No. of permanent PKs presently working 3

No. of outsource PKs presently working 27

Salary paid presently for permanent PKs 5.04

Salary paid presently for permanent HI & Supervisor

5.52

Wages paid presently for outsource PKs 30.00

Total O&M cost presently incurred for SWM and city cleaning activities including salary and wages

46.08

Sl. No.

Parameters Existing

parameters in ULB Parameters as per

proposed DPR

1 Total no. of households covered

under door-to-door collection 5220 5800

2 No. of door-to-door collection

vehicles used / proposed

Bolero –1 auto tipper -1 Pushcarts -6

Bolero –4 Pushcarts-10

3

Total no. of commercial establishments / bulk generators

covered under door-to-door collection

646 718

4 No. of vehicles used / proposed

Tractor Trailers –1 Tipper Trucks – Mini Tippers –

Others -

Tractor Trailers – Tipper Trucks –1

Mini Tippers – Others -

5 Total number of PKs working /

proposed

- Permanent 2

- Outsource 24 26

- Others

Total number of Drivers working /

proposed

- Permanent 1

- Outsource 4 6

- Others

Other manpower

- Plant in charge

- Plant Operator

- Security

1

- Health Inspector

- Sanitary Supervisor

1

Total manpower 31 34

6

Cost incurred for door-to-door collection of waste from hotels, markets, meat & chicken shops, slaughterhouses, institutions and other bulk waste generators and

sweeping of A type roads etc.

46.08 82.51

Cost recovered in the form of SWM cess or User charges from

the above (Sl. no. 6) waste generators

16 26.67

7

% recovery of O&M cost from collection of User charge / SWM

cess, sale of compost & recyclable

33 32.4

8 Total O&M cost incurred by ULB

including

- salary for permanent PKs 5.04 5.04

- Salary for SHI &

Supervisor 5.52 5.52

- wages for outsource PKs 30.00 59.26

Activity wise and Component wise break-up details of Capital Cost

Sl. No.

SWM & Cleaning Activity Vehicles & Machineries

Civil Works

Others (Pl. mention if any)

Total Capital Cost

1 Door-to-door collection

- households 14.30

14.30

- Household bins 17.40

17.40

- Commercial Establishments and bulk waste generators

2 Street Sweeping and other cleaning activities

13.37

13.37

3 Secondary Collection and Transportation

4 Dry waste collection centre 1.75 5.62

7.37

5 Processing & Disposal 52.76 25.32 3.76 81.84

Total Cost 99.58 30.94 3.76 134.28

Total Capital Cost/Tons of waste = Rs. 16.94 Lakhs/ ton

Funding Pattern

Sl. No.

Source of funding % share Amount in

Lakhs

1 GOI share 35.00% 47.00

2 GOK share 23.33% 31.29

3 Contribution by the ULB 41.67% 56.00

Total 100% 134.28

- vehicle running &

maintenance 5.52 10.77

- Power Cost

0.73

- consumables etc

0.50

- Other

0.69

Total 46.08 82.51

Activity wise and Component wise break-up details of O&M Cost (Proposed in the

revised DPR)

Sl. No.

SWM & Cleaning Activity

Labour Cost (including PF, ESI, consumables, service charges etc)

Vehicle Running & Maintenance Cost (Fuel, electricity, repair etc)

Others (AMC of Vehicle & Machineries)

Total O&M Cost

1 Door-to-door collection

- households 15.2 3.5

4.2

- Commercial Establishments and bulk waste generators

5.84

2.06

2 Street Sweeping and other cleaning activities

37.15

3 Secondary Collection and Transportation

4 Dry waste collection centre

2.04

5 Processing & Disposal 9.56 2.92

Total Cost 69.82 8.48 4.2 82.5

O & M Cost/Ton of waste generated in a year = Rs. 2920.60 /Ton

Proposed Revenue Model

Description Cost Per Annum

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Total O&M including Salary of workers

82.50 86.63 90.96 95.51 100.28

Revenue by Sale of Compost 3.83 4.98 5.48 6.03 6.63

Revenue by sale of Recyclables and by-products

0.87 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.21

Revenue by way of SWM user charges

22.06 25.37 29.18 35.01 43.77

Salaries from untied SFC grants (75%)

44.46 46.68 49.01 51.46 54.04

Salaries for permanent staff 10.56 11.09 11.64 12.22 12.84

Total revenue proposed 81.78 89.08 96.36 105.88 118.48

% of cost recovered 32.4% 36.1% 39.3% 44.2% 51.5%

JE/ AE Nodal Engineer Chief Officer Mulki TP Mulki TP

Project Director DUDC, Dakshina Kannada

*****

Synopsis for DPR on SWM for Mulki TP under Swachh Bharat Mission

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1. About Town

1.1 About town

Mulki is a panchayat town located at Mangalore Taluk in Dakshina Kannada district in

the Indian state of Karnataka. Mulki is situated at 13.1° North latitude, 74.8° East longitude

and 7 meters elevation above the sea level.

Muki Town Panchayat (TP) is the administrative body of Mulki town and has administration

over 5800 houses to which it provides basic amenities like water, waste management and

sewerage services. The city is divided into 17 wards for administrative purposes. The area of

the city is 11 sq. Km. with total road length of 45km.

Table 1: Details of ULB

Population 2011 17288

Population (2017) 18322

Area in Sq. kms 11

No. of wards 17

Total no. of households (2017 Approx.) 5800

Total no. of commercial establishments 718

No. of Bulk waste generators such as Marriage halls

Sup bazar Markets

Hotels Meat Market

04 06 02 54 29

Road length in Kms - A Type (10%) - B Type - C Type - Total Road length

05 kms 18 kms 22 kms 45 Km

2. Existing SWM in Mulki TP

2.1 Waste generation and collection estimate

The total waste generation in the town is 6.6 TPD as per generator based assessment using

the 2017. At present an average of 6 tonne per day is collected with the collection efficiency

of about 90 %.

2.2 Waste Quantification by generator type

Major waste generators were identified for estimating the quantity of waste generated in the

town. The amount of waste generated by different generators is estimated are as follows.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchayat_town

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka


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Table 2: Waste Generation

Sl. No.

Waste Generators No of

Generators

Avg. waste per day in

Kg

Total waste in

Kg

Total waste in Tonnes

1 Household 4929 0.9 4436.1 4.4361

2 Slum Household 871 0.7 609.7 0.6097

3 Hotel and Canteen 54 4 216 0.216

4 Super bazaar 6 10 60 0.06

5 Markets 2 400 800 0.8

6 Meat/Chicken shops 29 0.7 20.3 0.0203

7 Bar & Restaurant 4 3 12 0.012

8 Marriage Hall 4 40 160 0.16

9 Other Trades 571 0.3 171.3 0.1713

10 Street Sweeping 23 4 92 0.092

Total 6.6

C & D Waste (Non MSW) 0.5

2.2 Waste quantification by number of vehicle to Landfill site

Estimated waste generation is 6.6 TPD and about 6.0 TPD of waste collected is with

efficiency of 90 %. Landfill site is about 2.38 acres located at Bappanadu at a distance of

about 3 km from the town centre.

Table 3: Existing Vehicles

Sl.No. Vehicle Type No. of vehicle No. of trips

1 Auto tipper* 1 2

2 Bolero 2 2

3 Tractor* 1 2

*Tractor is 2009 make and is proposed to be scrapped.

*Existing auto tipper is 2012 model and it will be scrapped

2.3 Characterization of waste

Figure 1: Physical Characterization

58%

6%

12%

15%

9%

Physical Compostion

Organic (Food Waste)

Papers

Plastics

Polythene Bags

Inert Material


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2.4 Present system of waste management

2.4.1 Collection & Transport infrastructure

Collection, sweeping and drain cleaning are managed by the TP through pourakarmikas and

outsourced workers. About 27 staffs have been deployed for sweeping, collection and drain

cleaning which includes both permanent (3 no’s) and outsourced (24 no’s). Primary

transportation is managed by TP with 4 drivers (1- Daily wages & 3 outsourced) deployed for

vehicles. The vehicles used for transportation are one auto tipper, Two Bolero and One

Tractor Trailer.

2.4.2 Processing and Disposing

Mulki TP has set up MSW disposing site at Bappanadu which is located 3 km away from the

town. The total area of the landfill site is about 2.38 acres. The waste is brought to the site

by auto tipper, Bolero & tractor trailer. At present facility for 12 no of vermi composting pits

have been made recently, which is yet to be operational.

2.4.3 Total expenditure and total revenue generated at present.

Table 4: Expenditure Details

Activities Expenditure per year (in Rs)

Salaries for Permanent Workers 10.56

Salaries for Outsourced Pks 30.00

Vehicle running & maintenance cost

5.52

Total 46.08

Table 5: Revenue Details

Particulars Amount (Rs. in

lakhs)

SWM Cess collected 2016-17 16.00

Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc. in 2016-17 0.0

Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning activities in

2016-17

Others

Total 16.00

3. Proposed Plan for Management of MSW

3.1 Collection& transport infrastructure

The primary waste generated from households is proposed to be collected through Bolero

vehicle with provision for Wet wastes and dry wastes collection.

For Household collection – Bolero - 4 no’s


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For Street sweeping collection – Mini Tipper – 1 no

3.2 Transport

The segregated wet waste is proposed to be transported to the processing facility located in

Bappanadu through 4 no of Bolero vehicle’s which would serve as primary collection cum

secondary transportation vehicle. Inert from the processing facility will be disposed to the

sanitary landfill through Mini tipper (likes of Mahindra) earmarked for street sweeping. The

dry-waste collected during primary collection is proposed to be routed to the dry-waste

collection centre, which is yet to be identified by the ULB. The silt from street sweeping

activity would be transferred to the designated C&D disposal areas/sanitary landfill facility

through Mini tipper (likes of Mahindra)

Table 6: Proposed Micro-planning of door-to-door collection vehicle

Vehicle Area No of

Households

No

of

trips

Road

Length

in km

Timings Wards

Covered

PCV-1

BAPPANADU

1444 2 24

6.30 AM

to 2.30

PM

Ward No:

1,2,3,4 & 5

KOLACHIKAMBLA

KOLNAD IND AREA

R. R TOWER

MULKI BUS STAND

CHITRAPU

MEGHA PLOT

KARNAD JUNCTION

PCV-2

NARAYANA GURU

HOSPITAL

1477 2 22

6.30 AM

to 2.30

PM

Ward No:

6, 7, 8 & 9

GOVT. HOSPITAL

CHARANTHIPETE

NALOOR PLOT

GERUKATTE

AMRUTHANANDAMYI

NAGAR

PCV-3

BIJAPURA COLONY

1463 2 25

6.30 AM

to 2.30

PM

Ward

No:10, 11,

12 & 13

ASHRAYA COLONY

DARGA ROAD

KOTEKERI ROAD

AKKASALIGARAKERI

VIJAYA COLLEGE

ROAD

KADAVINA BAGILU

PCV-4

KEMPUGUDDE

1416 2 26

6.30 AM

to 2.30

PM

Ward No:

14,15,16 &

17

MANAMPADY

VENKATARAMANA

TEMPLE


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Vehicle Area No of

Households

No

of

trips

Road

Length

in km

Timings Wards

Covered

MARKUNJE

KARNAD BY-PASS

KOKKARAKKAL

VANABHOJANA

Mini

Tipper

Street Sweeping &

Bulk-waste collection 718 2 30

6.30 AM

to 2.30

PM

3.3 The details of the vehicles and equipment’s recommended for Mulki are as below

Table 7: Street Sweeping Pushcart requirement

Sl. No. Item Existing Proposed in

DPR To be procured

Street Sweeping

1 Push Carts 6 16 10

Table 8: Vehicle requirement for collection and transportation

Sl. No. Item Existing Proposed in

DPR To be procured

Primary collection & Transportation

1 Bolero (3 Cum) 2 2 2

2 Mini tipper(Mahindra) 0 1 1

Table 9: Costing for Collection and Transportation

Sr.No Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate Amount (2017) in lakh Rs.

1 Bolero (3 Cum) nos 2 7.15 14.30

2 Mini Tipper (Mahindra ) nos 1 12.36 12.36

3 Pushcart nos 10 7500 0.75

4 GPS nos 5 5221 0.26

Total in Lakhs 27.67

3.3 Processing and Disposal

3.3.1 Technology Selection

For Mulki town, adoption of organic recovery solutions likes Windrow composting and

vermi-compost is the preferred options, supported by the segregation of plastics and other

recyclable materials. The technology proposed has the potential to meet the overall

objectives of Municipal waste management.

3.3.2 Design period & Design Details


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Projected MSW for year 2022 is 7.74 TPD. Out of the total MSW 30 % is dry waste i.e. 2.1

TPD which is proposed to be directly transported to dry waste collection centre and 10% of

street sweeping waste about 0.72 TPD will be transported to the designated areas. The

remaining 4.2 TPD of MSW is considered for plant design capacity. The processing facilities

are windrow composting of 3.2 TPD, Vermi composting capacity of 1 TPD and Plastic bailing

unit of 2.1 TPD capacities. For the year 2017-18, with 6.6 TPD, 2.96 TPD will be routed to

the compost plant with 2 TPD subjected to windrow & the rest Vermi-composting.

Table 10: Technological Options for MSW Processing in Different Categories

Particulars Unit Quantity

Design Year (Five years

period) Year 2022

Projected waste for Mulki TP TPD 7.74

30% of dry is considered as

direct transport to dry waste

collection centre

TPD 2.32

10% of street sweeping waste is

considered as direct transport to

low lying areas

TPD 0.8

Plant Design Capacity TPD 4.64

Processing Facility

Vermi Compost TPD 1.0

Windrow Composting TPD 3.6

Material Recovery Facility

Plastic Reuse Unit (Baling Unit) TPD 2.32

Sanitary Landfill Facility TPD 1.94

Compost TPD 0.77

The Mass balance for the town is provided as below

Figure 2: Mass balance for Mulki TP


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Table 11: Comparison of Existing and Proposed Manpower

Sl. No. Particulars Existing Proposed

in DPR Required

Collection & Transportation and Sweeping

1 Sweepers 11 15 4

2 Supervisor 1 1 0

3 Drivers

0

a Bolero 4 4 0

b Mini Tipper 0 1 1

4 Helpers 6 6 0

A Total 22 27 5

Landfill Site

1 Skilled workers 0 1 1

2 Unskilled workers 4 2 -2

3 JCB Driver 0 1 1

5 Watchmen 1 1 0

B Total 5 5 0

Dry Waste Center


C Total 0 1 1

A+B+C Total 27 33 6

3.3.2 Details of proposed for Processing facilities is presented below

Table 12: Proposed Facility at Landfill site

Sl.No. Description Unit Quantity Unit

Rate

Amount

(2017)

in lakh

Rs.

1 Hopper with

Conveyor Belt nos 1 6 6.00

2 Screener (4 mm) nos 1 8 16.75

3 Baling Unit nos 1 1.75 1.75

4 Shredding machine nos 1 7 7.00

5 JCB nos 1 17.96 17.96

6 Dry Waste Centre sq.m 5.61

7 Windrow Platform sq.m 200

24.77

8 Weighbridge Cabin nos 1 3.060

9 Weigh bride nos 1 5.61

10 Admin charges nos 0.70

11 Household Bin nos 11600 150 17.40

Total 106.61

*Windrow platform of dimensions 20 m X 10 m already exists. The above proposed is

in addition to the existing facility.


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12 no of vermi-pits exist of which 6 nos are of 2.7m x 1.05m x 0.75m dimensions with

remaining 6 of 1.8m x 1.05 x 0.75m dimensions.

3.3.3 Construction and Demolition Waste

Mulki town being a small town with less population does not generate construction waste

consistently. However it shall be the responsibility of any generator of construction and

demolition debris to dispose in designated areas of the town.

3.3.4 Bio- medical waste

There is an existing system of waste storage collection and transport as per the biomedical

waste handling rules. The need is to ensure all the waste generators subscribe to this facility

and medical waste does not enter the municipal waste stream.

3.4 Cost of proposed Infrastructure

Table 13: Proposed Capital

Sl. No. Component CAPEX Per Annum in Lakhs Rs.

1 Collection & Transportation 27.67

2 Processing & Disposal 106.61

Total 134.28

3.5 Operation and Maintenance

Table 14: Proposed O & M for Vehicle

Sl. No. Components No. of Units Basis

Annual O

& M Cost

(In Lakhs)

1 Mini-tipper 1

Maintenance cost @ 5% of

vehicle cost 0.60

Operation Cost- Fuel @ 5

km/liter and travel 20 km/day 0.88

RTO & Insurance Cost 0.09

2 Bolero 4


vehicle cost 1.44


km/liter and travel 24 km/day 3.50


3 JCB 1


vehicle cost 0.75


liter/hr and workes 2 hr 2.19


4 Consumables like

grease & oil Lump Sum 0.40


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Sl. No. Components No. of Units Basis

Annual O

& M Cost

(In Lakhs)

5 Electricity Cost at

Landfill site

Consumption of around 35 units

per day at price of Rs.8 per unit 0.73

6 Admin Charge Lump Sum 0.12

Total 11.20

Table 15: Proposed overall yearly O & M

Sl.

No. Components Annual Cost (Rs. lakhs)

1 Labour cost (Permanent + Outsource) 69.82

2 Fuel Cost 6.57

3 AMC Cost of Vehicles & Machineries 4.2

4 Power Cost 0.73

5 Consumables Cost 0.50

6 Others 0.69

Total 82.51

3.5 Estimated cost per ton of the waste

Table 16: Estimated Cost per Ton

Sl .No Particulars Total Estimated Amount (In

lakhs)

Amount

per Ton

1 Capital cost 134.28 4753.14

2 Operation and Maintenance cost 82.51 2920.60

3.7.1 Revenue Generation for the year 2017-18

Table 17: Revenue Generation from Sale Compost and Recyclable

Sl.

No. Particulars

Incoming

waste in TPD

End Product

TPD

Percent of

Sale Rate

Amount/

Annual

1 Compost 6.6 0.6 70% 2500 383250

2 Recyclables 6.6 0.99 80% 300 86724

Total 469974

Table 18: Revenue Generation from Household and Commercial area

Sl.

No

Waste

generators

No of

generators

Collection

Percentage

Rate per

year

Amount/

annum

1 Household 5800 90% 360 1879200

2 Kalyan mantap 6 100% 3000 18000

3 Market 2 100% 1000 2000

4 General store 52 100% 300 15600

5 Chicken Shop 28 100% 300 8400

6 Mutton shop 1 100% 300 300


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Sl.

No

Waste

generators

No of

generators

Collection

Percentage

Rate per

year

Amount/

annum

7 Fancy 52 100% 300 15600

8 Bakery 15 100% 600 9000

9 Ice cream parlor 18 100% 600 10800

10 Juice Shop 28 100% 600 16800

11 Welding Shop 12 100% 300 3600

12 Industries 60 100% 300 18000

13 Tailoring Shop 58 100% 500 29000

14 Hardware 26 100% 300 7800

15 4 wheeler service

shop 11 100% 300 3300

16 Bar & Restaurant 4 100% 3000 12000

17 Wine shop 6 100% 1000 6000

18 Book stall 8 100% 300 2400

19 Hotel 64 100% 600 38400

20 Cloth Shop 32 100% 300 9600

21 Vegetable shop 76 100% 600 45600

22 Super bazar 6 100% 600 3600

23 Canteen 34 100% 300 10200

24 Slipper Shop 12 100% 300 3600

25 Medical ashop 21 100% 300 6300

26 Flower Shop 8 100% 300 2400

27 Sofa Making 6 100% 300 1800

28 Fish shop 4 100% 300 1200

29 Cyber Center 18 100% 300 5400

30 Mobile repar 23 100% 300 6900

31 Studio 9 100% 300 2700

32 Saloon 11 100% 600 6600

33 Beauty Parlor 7 100% 600 4200

Total 2206300



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Table 19: Proposed User Fee Collected by TP for next 5 years

Waste generators 2018-

19

2019-

20

2020-

21

2021-

22

2022-

23

Household

Non slums 30 30 35 35 35

Slums 20 20 25 25 25

Commercial Shops

0 - 100 Sq ft 50 50 55 55 60

100 - 500 Sq ft 60 60 65 65 70

500 - 1000 Sq ft 70 70 75 75 80

More than 1000 Sq ft 80 80 85 85 90

Marriage halls 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000

Meat shops 80 80 100 100 120

Cinema theatre 200 200 250 250 300

Hospitals 150 150 200 200 250

Street Vendors 50 50 55 55 60

The revenue generation from user fee collection and compost is given below in which it is

proposed to collect 30% of the operations cost from SWM services for the first year and in

next 5 year about 5% of operations cost shall be covered by revenue from SWM services.

Table 20: Cost Recovery Model


2018 2019 2020 2021 2022


82.50 86.63 90.96 95.51 100.28



0.87 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.21


22.06 25.37 29.18 35.01 43.77


44.46 46.68 49.01 51.46 54.04





xii | P a g e

3.8 Financing the Capital cost

Table 21: Funding Pattern of Capital Cost

Sl.

No. Component % contribution Cost (in Lakhs)

1 Government of India 35% 47.00

2 Government of Karnataka 23.3% 31.29

3 ULB Share 41.7% 56.00

Total 134.28

Consultant JE/ AE Nodal Engineer Mulki TP

Chief Officer Mulki TP


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Anexure-1: DPR appraisal format

Sl. No

Particulars Details

1 Name of the Town Mulki TP

2 No. of Wards 17

3 Population (2011) 17288

4 Present Population (Projected) 2017 18352

5 Area 11 Sq Km

6 No. of households (2011) 3962

7 No. of commercial establishments 458

8 Road length (A, B & C) in (Kms) 45 kms

9 Total Qty. of MSW to be handled 6.6 TPD

a. Total quantity of wet waste 3.96 TPD

b. Total quantity of dry waste / recyclable waste 1.98 TPD

c. Inert Waste 1.24 TPD

Financial Aspects: Capital cost

Sl. No. Particulars

Capital Cost in Lakhs

Civil Components Vehicles &

Machineries

a Door-to-door collection &

Street Sweeping 0 45.07

b Dry waste collection centre 5.61 1.75

c

Waste Processing (Aerobic

Composting (organic waste)

RDF (Inorganic waste)

24.77 53.32

d Other Facilities 3.76

e Total Cost in Lakhs 34.14 100.14

Cost / ton (7.74 TPD) 17.35

Operation & Maintenance cost

Sl.

No. Components

Annual Cost (Rs.

lakhs)

O & M Cost Per

Ton per Day


Rs. 2920.60

2 Fuel Cost 6.57


4 Power Cost 0.73


6 Other 0.69

Total 82.51


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Funding pattern for the capital cost

Sl.

No. Component % contribution Cost (in Lakhs)



3 ULB Share 41.7% 56.00

Total 134.28

Revenue (Proposed) (Rs. in lakhs)

Description Cost per annum

Total O&M including Salary of workers 82.50

Revenue by Sale of Compost 3.83

Revenue by sale of Recyclables and by-

products 0.87

Revenue by way of SWM user charges 22.06

Salaries from untied SFC grants (75%) 44.46

Salaries for permanent staff 10.56

Total revenue proposed 81.78

% of cost recovered 32.4%



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Annexure-2 Ministry of Urban Development (CPHEEO)

Appraisal Format for Consideration of Projects for Solid Waste Management

1 Proposal Integrated SWM facility at Mulki

2 Name of State/UT Karnataka

3 Name of City Mulki

4 Objectives

Improving the waste collection and transportation

system

Setting up and operating waste processing

facility

5 Whether CDP is prepared

6 Background

Mulki is a Town Panchayath located in Dakshina

Kannada District in Karnataka. The town has a

population of about 18352 across 17 wards.

The town generates about 6.6 TPD of municipal

waste of which about 6.0 tons are collected.

The TP would like to increase its collection

efficiency and start processing of waste and

recover value from the waste.

7 Present Status Collection efficiency – 90 %

Processing – Vermi Composting

8

Service level benchmark (as per

annexure) before and after the

project

9 Need of Project

The Town Panchayath is processing the waste

with vermi composting method and some

additional treatment technology of windrow is

provided to strengthen the existing processing

facility.

The TP is looking forward to strengthen all the

aspects of the waste management including

collection, transportation and processing of

waste through this project.

10 Population

- As per 2011 census 17288

- Base year 2017 18322

- Design year 2022 19156

- End year 2030 20445

11 Solid Waste Generation

- Base year 6.6 TPD

- Design year 7.74 TPD

- End year 9.6 TPD

12 Project Components


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i. No. of packages & details Single package

ii. BOQs ready Yes/No

iii. Analysis rate ready

13 Land required under project& status

of land availability Available with TP

14 Estimated cost (Proposed in Lakh) 134.28 Lakhs

15 Timeline for Implementation 1 year

16 Funding pattern 35% from GOI, 23.30% from GOK and rest by

TP

17

Whether the project (or part of the

project) has been taken up for

funding earlier through any other

scheme? If yes, please provide

detail of components of the project

taken up.

No

18 Implementing Agency Mulki TP

19 Annual O&M expenditure (Rs.

Lakh)

-Existing : 2016-17 49.20 Lakhs

- Proposed (year 2017-18) 85.51 Lakhs

20 Agency Responsible for O&M Mulki TP

21 Charges for SWM

-Existing : 2016-17 Rs 30 per month

- Proposed (2017-18) Rs. 30 per month recommended to change in

Commercial rates by slab wise

22 Revenue generation (Rs. Lakh)

-Existing : SWM cess 2016-17 16 Lakhs

- Proposed (year 2017-18) 26.76 Lakhs (user fee & Compost)

23 CPHEEO’s Technical comments :

24

SLSC Approval Detail

a. Approval date :

b. Approval letter No. :

c. SLSC approvals note available :

d. State and ULB Share & budget

25

List anticipated hindrances in

project implementation and

measures for solutions

26 Whether the project is

recommended for Sanction (Y/N)

27 If not, please mention reasons and

area for improving DPR

28 Estimated cost for approval


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Service Level Benchmark Indicators –Solid Waste Management

S. N

Indicator

Unit Baseline before project

Reliability of measurement

After project

Reliability of measurement

1 Household level coverage of SWM services

% 90 % High 100 % High

2 Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste

% 85 % High 90 % High

3 Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste

% 30 % High 80 % High

4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered

% 10 % High 80 % High

5 Extent of scientific disposal of solid waste

% 30 % High 100 % High

6 Efficiency in re addresses of customer complaints

% 70 % Medium 90 % High

7 Cost recovery of SWM services

% 20 % High 32 % High

8 Efficiency of collection of Charges

% 80 % High 90 % High

Checklist

S.N Particulars Yes/No

1 Council resolution attached or not? Yes

2

NOC / Authorization given by KSPCB for landfill site along with permission from other statutory bodies such as airport authority (if applicable), Mines & Geology, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) (for new landfill sites), NOC from Village Panchayath (if Applicable) attached or not?

YES

3 Financial model for capital cost (Central share /State Share /ULB share etc) shown or not?

Yes

4 Filled MoUD format attached or not?

5 Normative Standards / Service Level Benchmark considered or not?

Yes

6 Layout plan / designs & drawings attached or not? Yes

7 Waste characterization & quantification done or not? Yes


DPR Calculation sheet – MULKI TP

Name of the ULB: Mulki TP

Population 2011: 17288

Population 2017: 18322

No. of Households 2011: 3896

Non Slum - 3365

Slum - 531

No. of Households Present (as per recent survey or property tax register): 5800

Non Slum - 5090

Slum - 782

No. of Commercial establishments 2011: 458

Small - 433

Big - 15

Bulk - 10

No. of Commercial establishments Present (as per recent survey or trade license register): 718

Small - 510

Big - 131

Bulk - 77

Road Length details

Category Road length in Kms In % of total

A 5 10

B 18 40

C 22 50

D 0 0

Total 45 100%

Qty. of MSW ascertained in TPD (present): 6.6

Per Capita Waste generation = 350 gms

Qty. of MSW projected for next 5 years (design qty. of waste): 7.74 TPD

1. Labour Cost Calculations:

Sl. No.

SWM Activities No. of Vehicles (mention the type of vehicle)

No. of drivers No. Of Helpers/Worker

1 D2D Collection households 4 (Bolero ) 4 4

2 D2D Collection commercials

3 Bulk waste / market waste collection

1 (Mini Tipper) 1 2

4 Street Sweeping & other cleaning activities

15

5 Supervisor 1

5 DWCC - 1

6 Secondary collection and transportation

7 Processing & disposal 1 JCB 1 3

8 Watchman 1

Total 6 27

Less permanent staff 3

Balance required 6 24

Wages calculation for outsource workers

No. of PKs = 23 X17045 X 12 = 47.04 Lakhs

No. of watchman =1 X 13470X 12 = 1.61 Lakhs

No. of drivers (tractors & auto tippers) = 5 X 14639 X 12 = 8.78 Lakhs

No of Driver (JCB) = 1 x 15258 x 12 = 1.83 lakhs

Salary of permanent staff (PKs, drivers, HIs, engineers etc) = 10.56 Lakhs

Total Labor cost = Rs. 69.82 lakhs

2. Fuel Cost

Sl. No.


Fuel Consumption Kms./ Ltr./ vehicle

Total no. of liters of fuel (1)x(2)

(1) (2) (3)

1 D2D Collection households 4 4 16



1 4 4


Sl. No.


Fuel Consumption Kms./ Ltr./ vehicle

Total no. of liters of fuel (1)x(2)

(1) (2) (3)

5 DWCC -


7 Processing & disposal 1 10 10

8 C&D waste

Total 30

Fuel Cost = 30 ltr x Rs. 60 x 365 = Rs.6.57 lakhs

3. AMC of Vehicles & Machineries

(Rs. lakhs) Sl. No.

SWM Activities No. of Vehicles / Processing Equipments

Cost/ vehicle in Lakhs

Total Cost (1)x(2)

(1) (2) (3)

1 D2D Collection households 4 7.15 28.6



1 12.6 12.6


5 DWCC -


7 Processing & disposal

Hopper with Conveyor Belt 1 6 6.00

Screener (4mm) 1 8 8.00

JCB 1 17.96 17.96

Baling Unit 1 1.75 1.75

Weighbridge 1 10.6 10.6

Total 85.51

AMC Cost = Total Cost of Vehicles & Machineries x 0.05 = Rs. 4.2 lakhs

4. Power Cost / annum = Rs. 0.73 lakhs

5. Consumables cost / annum = Rs. 0.50 lakhs

6. Others (pl. mention if any) = Rs.0.69 lakhs

Total O&M Cost of DPR

Sl. No.

Components Annual Cost (Rs. lakhs)


2 Fuel Cost 6.57


4 Power Cost 0.73


6 Others 0.69

Total 82.51

O&M Cost / ton = 82.51 X 10^5 / (7.74 x 365 days) = Rs. 2920.60

Details of capital Cost

(Rs. lakhs)

Sl. No.

Name of the Vehicles / Processing Equipment’s

Required as per DPR

Existing To be

procured Unit cost

Total Cost in Lakhs (5) x (6)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 Household Bin 11600 150 17.40

2 Push Carts 16 6 10 7500 0.75

3 Bolero 4 2 2 715000 14.3

4 Shredding Machine 1 0 1 700000 7.0

5 Mini Tippers 1 0 1 1236000 12.36

6 Hopper with Conveyor Belt

1 0 1 600000 6.0

7 Trommel Screen, Conveyors (4mm)

1 0 1 1675000 16.75

8 JCB 1 0 1 1835450 18.35

9 Weighbridge 1 0 1 561125 5.61

10 Baling Unit 1 0 1 175000 1.75

A Civil cost - - -

B Windrow Platform 800 Sqm 200 Sq.m 24.77

C Dry waste Center 100 Sqm 0 5.06

11 Weighbridge Cabin 3.06

12 Others 1.0

Total Cost in Lakhs 134.28

Details of User Charges

Sl. No.

Particulars User Charges

/ Year (1st year)

Annual increase in user charges

in %

Collection Efficiency in

%

Annual increase in numbers of

waste generators in %

1 Households Slum

360 10 90 2

2 Hotels – Big 2400 10 100 2

3 Marriage Halls 3000 10 100 2

4 Meat & Chicken Shop

300 10 2

5 Fish Shop 300 10 100 2

6 Markets 1000 10 100 2

7 Institutions 10 100 2

8 Vegetable Shop 600 10 100 2

9 Bar & Restaurant 3000 10 100 2

10 Provision Store 300 10 100 2

11 Petty Shops 300 10 100 2

12 Others (mention name)

300 10 100 2

Revenue from sale of Compost / recyclables / RDF

Total estimated qty. of waste TPD (present) x % yield x rate of compost/ton = Rs. 0.6 x 70% x365

x 2500 = 3.83 Lakhs

Total estimated qty. of waste TPD (present) x % yield x rate of recyclables & Dry waste/ton = Rs.

0.99 x 80 % x 365 x 300 = Rs. 0.87 Lakhs

Total Revenue generated from the above three components = Rs.26.67 lakhs

*****

DISCLAMIR

Proprietary rights of the information contained herein belong

to TCE. This information is intended to be used for the

mentioned purpose/ project only. In case of misuse of

information and any claim arising thereof, cost and

consequence will be on the party misusing the information

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................01

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (MSW) 01

1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND SCOPE 02

1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT 02

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK AND OBJECTIVES 03

1.4.1 SCOPE OF WORK .....................................................................................................03

1.4.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: .............................................................................03

2 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................04

2.1 APPROACH 04

2.2 METHODOLOGY 06

2.3 REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTIES OF SWM 08

2.3.1 MUNICIPAL SOILD WASTE (MSW) RULES,2000 & SWM RULES 2016 ...................09

3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO- MULKI .........................................................10

3.1 ABOUT MULKI TOWN 10

3.2 CLIMATE OF MULKI 14

3.3 DEMOGRAPHY 14

3.4 SLUM AREA DETAILS 15

3.5 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES 15

3.5.1 WATER SUPPLY .......................................................................................................15

3.5.2 SEWERAGE AND STORM WATER SYSTEM ...........................................................16

3.5.3 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION .............................................................................16

3.6 POPULATION PROJECTION 16

3.7 WASTE GENERATION PROJECTION 19

3.8 PRESENT SWM SCENARIO 19

3.8.1 PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE ........................................................................20

3.8.2 WASTE COLLECTION FROM HOUSEHOLDS ..........................................................21

3.8.3 WASTE COLLECTION FROM COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS/ SHOPS &

MARKETS ............................................................................................................................21

3.8.4 WASTE COLLECTION FROM VEGETABLE & FRUIT MARKET ...............................21

3.8.5 WASTE COLLECTION FROM CHICKEN & MEAT SHOPS .......................................21

3.8.6 SECONDARY COLLECTION, STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION .............................22

3.8.7 WASTE PROCESSING & TREATMENT AND ............................................................22

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3.9 EXISTING MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT 23

3.10 SOLID WASTE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT 24

3.10.1 WASTE SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS .....................................................24

3.10.2 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................24

3.10.3 SAMPLING CRITERIA & ANALYSIS FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS .25

3.10.4 PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT:........................................................................................26

3.10.5 CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT: .......................................................................................27

4 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN .................................................................30

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 30

4.2 GAP ANALYSIS WITH THE EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TP 31

4.3 OVERVIEW OF THE RECOMMENDED COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION

PLAN 32

4.3.1 SEGREGATION AND STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE ......................................32

4.3.2 PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE ........................................................................34

4.4 STREET SWEEPING AND DRAIN CLEANING 36

4.5 REQUIREMENT OF TRACTORS 37

4.6 DRY WASTE COLLECTION CENTER 37

4.7 COMPARISON OF EXISTING & PROPOSED MANPOWER 37

5 SOLID WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................39

5.1 INTRODUCTION 39

5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF MSW TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 39

5.3 SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES 39

5.3.1 BASIS FOR SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES .......................................................40

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TECHNOLOGY (IES) 42

5.4.1 COMPOSTING ...........................................................................................................42

5.4.2 VERMI COMPOSTING ...............................................................................................44

5.4.3 BIOREACTOR LANDFILL ..........................................................................................45

5.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR MULKI 47

6 INTEGRTATED WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ..48

6.1 INTRODUCTION 48

6.2 SITE DESCRIPTION 48

6.2.1 LOCATION ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................51

6.2.2 COMPOST PLANT .....................................................................................................51

6.2.3 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR COMPOST ......................................................57

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6.3 LANDFILL SITE 58

6.3.1 LEACHATE TREATMENT ..........................................................................................58

6.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT

FACILITY 59

6.4.1 RECORD KEEPING ...................................................................................................59

6.4.2 SITE REPORT............................................................................................................59

6.4.3 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS AT LANDFILL SITE .................................................60

6.5 CLOSURE COST OF LANDFILL 60

7 PROJECT COST OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................61

7.1 PROJECT COSTING 61

7.2 COSTING OF COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE 61

TABLE 7-1: COSTING OF COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE 61

7.2.1 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE FOR COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION ......................61

7.2.2 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE FOR PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL ..............................62

7.2.3 O&M EXPENDITURE: ................................................................................................62

7.2.4 PRESENT O&M EXPENDITURE ...............................................................................63

8 INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC) .............................................64

8.1 INTRODUCTION 64

8.2 OBJECTIVES OF IEC STUDY 64

8.3 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SITUATION 64

8.3.1 COLLECTION OF BASELINE DATA ..........................................................................64

8.3.2 DISCUSSION WITH PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES .............................64

8.3.3 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) .......................................................................65

8.3.4 PERSONAL INTERVIEWS .........................................................................................65

8.3.5 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SITE ...............................................................65

8.4 FINDINGS DERIVED FROM VISITS AND MEETINGS 65

8.5 DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION

STRATEGY 66

8.5.1 TARGET AUDIENCE..................................................................................................67

8.5.2 IEC ACTIVITIES .........................................................................................................67

8.6 EXPECTED OUTCOME/RESULTS OF THE IEC 71

8.7 SUSTAINABILITY/WAY FORWARD OF THE PROGRAM 71

8.8 BUDGET FOR IEC ACTIVITIES 71

9 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..........................................................................................73

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9.1 ROLE OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS 73

9.1.1 CITIZENS ...................................................................................................................73

9.1.2 MULKI TOWN PANCHAYATH (TP) ............................................................................74

9.2 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 74

10 FINANCIAL MODEL ............................................................................................................78

10.1 PROJECT FINANCING STRUCTURING PLAN 78

10.1.1 FUNDS FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURE .....................................................................78

10.2 TOTAL REVENUE GENERATED 79

10.2.1 REVENUE FROM SALE OF PRODUCTS ..................................................................79

10.2.2 REVENUE FROM USER CHARGES .........................................................................79

10.2.3 TOTAL REVENUE FROM ALL SOURCES .................................................................80

10.3 COST RECOVERY OF THE PROJECT 81

11 PROCESSING & HANDLING OF OTHER WASTE ..............................................................82

11.1 E WASTE 82

11.2 BIO-MEDICAL WASTE 83

11.3 PLASTIC WASTE 84

11.4 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (C&D) WASTE 85

11.4.1 OPTIONS FOR C&D WASTE MANAGEMENT...........................................................85

12 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDADTION .......................................................................88

12.1 INTRODUCTION 88

12.2 CONCLUSIONS 88

12.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 88

13 APPENDIX ...........................................................................................................................90

1. QUESTIONNAIRE 90

2. DRAWINGS 90

3. BILL OF QUANTITIES 90

4. ROUTE PLANNING OF TOWN 90

5. CHECKLIST FOR ONSITE WORK 90

6. CHECKLIST FOR IEC ACTIVITY 90

7. QUOTATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS 90

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 2-1: Approach of the study .......................................................................................... 4

Table 2-2: The Methodology in-line with scope for TCE is summarized ................................ 6

Table 3-1: Demographic Details .......................................................................................... 14

Table 3-2: Ward Wise Population ........................................................................................ 15

Table 3-3: Demographic Details .......................................................................................... 15

Table 3-4: Population projection for Horizon Years ............................................................. 17

Table 3-5: Population projection for Mulki ........................................................................... 18

Table 3-6: Waste generation estimate for Mulki .................................................................. 19

Table 3-7: Details of equipment and Manpower .................................................................. 23

Table 3-8: Sampling Locations and Number of Samples in Mulki ........................................ 24

Table 3-9: Physical Assessment of Solid Waste in Mulki City .............................................. 27

Table 3-10: Parameters and methodologies for Assessment .............................................. 27

Table 3-11: Chemical Analysis of MSW – Mulki .................................................................. 29

Table 4-1: Gap Analysis of Existing and Proposed System ................................................. 31

Table 4-2: Door to door Collection systems ......................................................................... 35

Table 4-3: Vehicle Requirement for collection and transportation of Solid Waste ................ 35

Table 4-4: Manpower for collection & Transportation of waste ............................................ 36

Table 4-5: Worker requirement for Street Sweeping............................................................ 36

Table 4-6: Pushcarts requirement for Street Sweeping ....................................................... 37

Table 4-7: Dry waste center worker requirement ................................................................. 37

Table 4-8: Dry waste center worker requirement ................................................................. 37

Table 5-1: Response Level of Waste Treatment Technologies to Various Suitability

Determinants ...................................................................................................................... 40

Table 5-2: Design and Operating Conditions for Aerobic Composting ................................. 43

Table 5-3: Design and Operational conditions of Vermi composting Process ...................... 44

Table 6-1: Siting Criteria Analysis of Bappanadu Landfill .................................................... 51

Table 6-2: Design Specification of Waste Receiving Platform ............................................. 53

Table 6-3: Design Specification of Windrow Platform .......................................................... 54

Table 6-4: Design Specification of Monsoon Platform ......................................................... 54

Table 6-5: Design Specification of Screening ...................................................................... 55

Table 6-6: Design Specification of Curing ........................................................................... 55

Table 6-7: Design Specification of refinement shed ............................................................ 56

Table 6-8: Design Specification of Bailer Area .................................................................... 56

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Table 6-9: Performance standard of Compost ..................................................................... 57

Table 6-10: Manpower Requirement for Compost plant and Sanitary Landfill ..................... 60

Table 6-11: Details of Sanitary Landfill Closure cost ........................................................... 60

Table 7-1: Costing of collection and transportation vehicle .................................................. 61

Table 7-2: Capital Expenditure for Collection and Transportation ........................................ 61

Table 7-3: Capital Expenditure for Processing and Disposal ............................................... 62

Table 7-4: Operation & Maintenance cost ........................................................................... 62

Table 7-5: Operation & Maintenance cost ........................................................................... 63

Table 8-1: Target Audience for IEC ..................................................................................... 67

Table 8-2: IEC cost ............................................................................................................. 72

Table 9-1: Roles of Stakeholders ........................................................................................ 73

Table 9-2: Risk Analysis for Implementation options ........................................................... 76

Table 10-1: CAPEX per Annum .......................................................................................... 78

Table 10-2: OPEX per Annum ............................................................................................. 78

Table 10-3: Funding Distribution for SWM Plan................................................................... 78

Table 10-4: Revenue from sale of Compost & Recyclable waste ........................................ 79

Table 10-5: Revenue from user charges ............................................................................. 79

Table 10-6: Revenue generation ......................................................................................... 80

Table 10-7: Cost Recovery Model ....................................................................................... 81

Table 11-1: Details of E waste processors nearby Dakshina Kannada District .................... 82

Table 11-2: Details of Bio-medical waste processors nearby Dakshina Kannada district .... 83

Table 11-3: Details of Plastic containers recyclers nearby Dakshina Kannada district ......... 84

Table 11-4: C&D wastes and their Reuse Potential ............................................................. 86

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Source of MSW Generation ................................................................................ 1

Figure 2-1: Approach for Integrated SWM (ISWM) ................................................................ 5

Figure 3-1: ULB Map of Dakshina Kannada ........................................................................ 10

Figure 3-2: Administrative setup for Mulki TP ...................................................................... 11

Figure 3-3: Town Map of Mulki ............................................................................................ 12

Figure 3-4: Bird Eye view of Mulki TP ................................................................................. 13

Figure 3-5: Door to Door Collection ..................................................................................... 20

Figure 3-6: Bolero is used for Door to door collection .......................................................... 21

Figure 3-7: Municipal Solid Waste Management Approach in Mulki TP ............................... 22

Figure 3-8: Images of landfill site ........................................................................................ 23

Figure 3-9: Waste Category (Percentage) in Mulki .............................................................. 26

Figure 5-1: Schematic Flow of a Typical Composting Plant ................................................. 43

Figure 5-2: Typical Aerobic Bio Reactor Landfill Process .................................................... 46

Figure 5-3: Solid Waste Management Mass Balance for Mulki TP ...................................... 47

Figure 6-1: Landfill site Marked on Google earth map ......................................................... 49

Figure 6-2: Layout Processing & Disposal site Mulki ........................................................... 50

Figure 6-3: Typical arrangement for Windrows .................................................................... 57

Figure 6-4: Schematic picture of leachate pond .................................................................. 59

Figure 8-1: Consultation Meeting with SHG Representatives, ULB Officials ........................ 65

Figure 9-1: Implementation options ..................................................................................... 74

Figure 10-1: Graphical Representation of Revenue generation ........................................... 81

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ABBREVATION OF TERMS

The following terms have been used in the report:

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials

BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand

C&D Waste - Construction and Demolition waste

CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation

CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board

ETP - Effluent Treatment Plant

EC - Environmental Clearance

GoI - Government of India

GoK - Government of Karnataka

GCL - Geosynthetic Clay Liner

HDPE - High Density Polyethylene

HIG - High Income Group

IEC - Information, Education and Communication

KPCB -Karnataka Pollution Control Board

MSW - Municipal Solid Waste

MSWM - Municipal Solid Waste Management

MoEF - Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change

MSL - Mean Sea Level

NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards

RDF - Refuse derived Fuel

SBM - Swachh Bharat Mission

SWM - Solid Waste Management

TP -Town Panchayath

TCE -TATA Consulting Engineers

TPD - Tonnes per day

ULB - Urban Local Bodies

WtE - Waste to Energy

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (MSW)

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the garbage that is discarded day to day from any

human settlement. According to SWM Rules 2016, this waste “includes solid or

semisolid domestic waste, sanitary waste, commercial waste, institutional waste,

catering and market waste and other non residential wastes, street sweepings, silt

removed or collected from the surface drains, horticulture waste, agriculture and dairy

waste, slaughter house waste, treated bio-medical waste excluding industrial waste,

radioactive waste generated in the area under the local authorities and other entities.”

Accumulation of solid waste in open area leads to degradation of environment and

aesthetic quality. Improper disposal of MSW in open areas have a negative impact on

the living conditions of human beings as well as the overall environment. In addition to

the stench emanated, the untreated waste becomes a breeding ground for

mosquitoes, flies and other insects resulting in spread of various diseases. In addition,

it leads to the contamination of soil, surface and ground water. However, with the help

of adequate information, resources, treatment technology and efficient management

practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful resource.

Figure 1-1: Source of MSW Generation

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1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND SCOPE

According to Census 2011, India’s urban population is 377 million or 31% of the total

population. These numbers are expected to increase to 600 million by 2031. The

Census 2011 also showed that in 4,041 statutory towns, close to eight million

households do not have access to toilets and defecate in the open (7.90 million). Weak

sanitation has significant health costs and untreated sewage from cities is the single

biggest source of water resource pollution in India. This indicates both the scale of the

challenge ahead of the Indian cities and the huge costs incurred from not addressing

them.

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) emanates from the vision of the Government

articulated in the address of The President of India in his address to the Joint Session

of Parliament on 9th June 2014. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban

Development (M/o UD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (M/o

DWS) for urban and rural areas respectively.

Mission Objectives

Elimination of open defecation

Eradication of Manual Scavenging

Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management

To effect behavioral change regarding healthy sanitation practices

Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health

Capacity Augmentation for ULB’s

To create an enabling environment for private sector participation in Capital

investment

1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,

transportation, processing and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered

sanitary landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods,

varied transportation equipments, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable

material, reduction of waste volume and quantity by methods such as composting,

waste-to-power and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.

The Implementation of Municipal solid Waste (MSW) Management, Sanitation Plan

and IEC for implementation of the program is an important component of the

Government of India’s “Swachh Bharat Mission" (SBM). Therefore the Government of

Karnataka (GoK) proposes to strengthen the these components covering collection,

segregation, recycling, transportation, processing of Municipal Solid Waste,

development of Sanitation Plan, development of Public and Community toilets DPR

and Strategy for IEC in all 8 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Dakshina Kannada district

so as to comply with the service level Benchmarks of the Government of India (GoI).

The GoK intends to institutionalise a holistic Integrated, sustainable environment and

eco-friendly MSWM in all the urban local bodies of the state.

District Urban Development Cell (DUDC) is a Government of Karnataka entity and the

Nodal agency for the development of the projects in Urban Infrastructure and proposes

preparation of Detailed Project Reports for the 8 ULBs. The DPRs shall comply with

the MSW Rules 2000 and SWM Rules 2016 and as per the CPHEEO- Manual on

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Municipal Solid Waste Management published by the Ministry of Urban Development

Government of India (GOI) 2000, and Draft CPHEEO Manual 2015 including

Honorable Lok-Adalath and National Green Tribunal directions. The SWM Rules, 2016

stipulate that each Municipal authority should treat and dispose of the MSW generated

by them in a manner so as not to cause damage to human health and environment.

This Report is the Detailed Project Report for Municipal Solid Waste Management,

Sanitation Plan and related IEC Activities for the Mulki Town Panchayath of Dakshina

Kannada District.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK AND OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 SCOPE OF WORK

Solid Waste Collection & Transportation plans:

Conducting detailed study on the existing solid waste system in Mulki Town

Panchayath.

Conduct waste sampling for assessment of quantity and quality of waste

generated.

Prepare a route plan based on GIS map provided by ULB for MSWM collection

and transportation.

To provide an efficient collection and transportation plan for Mulki.

To provide details of additional facilities required for efficient collection system.

To provide technical support to the ULB.

Solid Waste Processing & Disposal Plans:

To conduct waste characterization, quantity and chemical analysis on the

MSW.

Provide Deigns, maps & estimations required for setting up the processing

facility and operate the solid waste processing facility.

IEC

Creating awareness to the public. In this regard giving methodology and

strategy to the municipality, the method of approach the waste generators,

mode of communicating the awareness example.

1.4.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT:

To examine and review existing aspects of Solid Waste Management and IEC

initiatives of Mulki Town Panchayath.

To devise a system that is customized to the local environment, is in-line with

the appropriate global technologies/ socially viable best practices, and

addresses the components given above.

To suggest an efficient system customized to the area’s requirements and

shortcomings.

An affordable system, and Technology that is easy to maintain and in-line with

the global standards;

4 | P a g e

2 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY

2.1 APPROACH

A brief step by step approach for the present assignment is described in Table 2-1

below:

Table 2-1: Approach of the study

Step Activity Detail

1 Base line study Overview of solid waste generation and sanitation.

Sources of waste

Visit to ULBs and collection of available data.

Area wise population details and the solid waste

generation, sampling & testing.

2 Data Analysis Waste Quantification (estimate) & Characterization

based on assumptions.

Assessment of existing sanitation systems.

Population forecast and solid waste generation

Data approval from ULBs

3 Technology

Evaluation

Screening and Identification of MSW treatment

technology based on legal and economical

feasibility

Screening of technology on the basis of Modularity,

scalability, Flexibility,

4 Treatment

Technology

finalization.

Finalization of treatment technology on the basis of

data availability and suitability and meeting the

legal compliance.

Approval of technology & scheme from DUDC

5 Preparation of

Layout, cost,

and DPR

Cost preparation for proposed plans

Preparation of DPR with layout, cost and treatment

technologies etc.

As per the CPHEEO Manual for Solid Waste Management 2016 released by MoUD,

the integrated solid waste management approach for municipal solid waste is shown in

Fig 2-1.

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Figure 2-1: Approach for Integrated SWM (ISWM)

PRIMARY COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION

SECONDARY COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION

TRANSFER STATION AND PROCESSING

SITE

TRANSFER STATION AND PROCESSING SITE

Primary segregated waste collection at door steps

Door to door collection through hand cart/tricycle with 6 to 8 plastic/ metal bins

Directly through small covered mechanized vehicles having partition for collection of organic and inorganic waste

Waste collection bins for segregated biodegradable and non biodegradable waste; plastic/metal bins)

Transported to Bins from where waste is lifted and transported to either transfer station/ processing facility (compactor, hook loader, Dumper placer, skip loader, mini truck mounted)

Waste is directly transferred to a secondary collection vehicle (compactor, hook loader, Dumper placer, skip loader, mini truck mounted)

Transfer station (If the distance is more than 15 km)

* Sorting

*Compaction

Windrow composting/vermin composting/ Bio Gas

*Material recovery

*Compaction

Recyclable Market/RDF/ Waste to Energy

Residue from processing plant (not exceeding 20% of waste delivered at processing facility) and inert waste to be disposed at Landfill.

Bio degradable

Non bio degradable

The compactor is an appropriate vehicle for collecting biodegradable and recyclable component of MSW

Skip loaders/hook loaders are preferred for collecting inert waste or construction and demolition waste.

Waste may be transferred to the transfer station if the processing site is located 15kms away from the city

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The main phases of the consultancy assignment are;

Site visit and Data collection

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of solid waste and sanitation facility of

ULBs

Evaluation of existing performance of facility

Identification of gap in existing SWM and sanitation system

Preparation of detailed project reports.

2.2 METHODOLOGY

TCE conducted the site visit of all the ULBs and had meeting with authorities in

municipalities and municipal corporations. Information about existing SWM practices

and sanitation were collected in consultation with municipal officials. The information’s

were collected through standard questionnaire as attached in Appendix 1.

The qualitative and quantitative assessment of waste was carried out vide

methodology given under CPHEEO manual.

The detail methodology adopted for DPR is given in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2: The Methodology in-line with scope for TCE is summarized

Sr.

No.

Scope Methodology Remarks

Task 1: Kick off meeting with DUDC and Stakeholders

Task 2: Reconnaissance Site Visit for the ULB’s

1. Study of municipal solid

waste generation &

management and

sanitation facility, status

of public and community

toilets based on data

available at ULBs.

Assessment of data collected

Independent assessment of

SW’s quantitative & qualitative

characteristics

Clustering of areas

Prepare the inception report for

all clusters

--

Task 3: Analysis and evaluation of existing situation of municipal solid waste

management sanitation facility, status of public and community toilets

services and identification of relevant key weaknesses and gaps

1. Study the current

scenario of waste

generation and

management based on

data available with the

TOWN Panchayath

Data may also be

collected from relevant

Consultation with TOWN

Panchayath and collection of all

the relevant data related to solid

waste and sanitation facility

Site visit and data collection from

various agencies for solid waste

in order to assess the quantity

and composition of waste

Ascertaining

the quality

and

quantitative

analysis of

waste.

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Sr.

No.


site and identify further

work.

generated

The data collection would be

carried out in terms of:

Quantitative, qualitative

assessment of MSW

Present scenario of collection,

transportation and disposal.

Budgetary situation for MSW

management and or processing

per ton of waste

Revenue generation and other

modes of financing.

Analysis of data collected and

screening based on different

parameters in consultation with

DUDC.

Task-4: Preparation of detailed project report (for designing an efficient

municipal solid waste management system that includes optimum collection,

transportation, processing, and disposal arrangements, sanitation facility,

public and community toilets in line with DUDC expectations and capacity)

While structuring the

project, TCE shall take

into account factors

influencing techno-

commercial viability,

existing regulatory

scenario, awareness as

well as potential support

mechanisms for making

projects financially

viable.

TCE will prepare DPR.

The screening process shall be

devised considering the

following:

Legal (compliance to MSW

Rules 2000 and SWM Rules

2016),

Technical (Solid waste treatment

and disposal technique

considering different

technologies like composting,

incineration, waste to energy etc)

and

The SBM Guidelines released by

MOUD.

The project viability model would

be formulated considering the

long term sustainability of

The SWM

Rules 2016

would also

be taken into

consideration

for

technology

selection and

legal

compliance,

which may

applicable in

future.

8 | P a g e

Sr.

No.


effective waste management.

The conceptual plan would be

developed based on the

available data and study.

Approval would be taken on the

conceptual plan from DUDC

Preparation of DPR

2.3 REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTIES OF SWM

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published

“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000” (MSW Rules 2000)

and E - waste (Management and Handling) Rules – 2011, issued on May 2012. These

rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment

Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in

the urban sectors. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate with State Pollution Control

Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the matters of MSW

disposal and its management and handling”.

A state policy on integrated MSW management (“State Policy”) has been prepared by

the Directorate of Municipal Administration (DMA) and Karnataka Urban Infrastructure

Development and Finance Corporation Ltd (KUIDFC) under the Nirmala Nagara

program of GoK. Under the policy, guidelines have been set out for the service

provider for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW and the ULBs in

the state are required to adopt these guidelines for management MSW. The

touchstone principles of the State Policy are set out below.

The touchstone principles, which govern the future approach to provision of MSWM

services, include the following:

Promoting awareness of waste management principles among citizens and

other stakeholders.

Minimizing multiple and manual handling of waste, and designing a system to

ensure that MSW does not touch the ground till treatment and final disposal.

Defining the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders and putting in

place an operating framework, which would include appropriate contractual

structures.

Developing systems for effective resources utilization and deployment.

Promoting recovery of value from MSW; developing treatment and final

disposal facilities, which, while adhering to the statutory requirements, are

sustainable, environmentally friendly and economical.

Although considerable efforts are being made by many Governments and other

entities in tackling waste-related problems, there are still major gaps to be filled in this

area. The World Bank estimates that in developing countries, it is common for

municipalities to spend 20-50 percent of their available budget on solid waste

9 | P a g e

management (open dumping with open burning is the norm), even though 30-60

percent of all the urban solid wastes remain uncollected and less than 50 percent of

the population is served. In low-income countries, collection alone drains up 80-90

percent of municipal solid waste management budget. In mid-income countries,

collection costs 50-80 percent of total budget. In high-income countries, collection only

accounts for less than 10 percent of the budget, which allows large funds to be

allocated to waste treatment facilities. Upfront community participation in these

advanced countries reduces the collection cost and facilitates waste recycling and

recovery.

2.3.1 MUNICIPAL SOILD WASTE (MSW) RULES,2000 & SWM RULES 2016

The key legislation governing collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of

waste is the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Rule, 2000 & SWM Rules 2016 issued by

the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environmental

Protection Act, 1986. ULB’s are expected to adhere to the conditions and ensure

compliances to the criteria/procedures laid down in four schedules of SWM Rules.

Some of the key functions to ensure adherence include:

Provide infrastructure and services for collection, storage, segregation,

transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW

Obtain authorization/ technical clearance from the state pollution control board

to set up waste processing and disposal facilities

Publish annual reports of compliance to conditions laid down in the MSW

Rules, 2000 & SWM Rules 2016

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3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO- MULKI

3.1 ABOUT MULKI TOWN

The Government of Karnataka has reconstituted the municipalities according to the

74th Constitutional Amendment Act. The towns have now been classified based on the

population and other criteria as Town Panchayat (Population 10,000 to 20,000), Town

Municipal Councils (Population 20,000 to 50,000) City Municipal Councils (Population

50,000 to 3, 00,000) and City Corporations (Population 3.0 lakhs and above).

The district of Mangalore spreads across an area of 4866 kms. The district has two

distinct geographical zones: The coastal Region and The Malnad Region. Mulki is a

Town Panchayat located in the Malnad Region of Mangalore Taluk in Dakshina

Kannada district in Karnataka. It is on the banks of Shambhavi River. Mulki is one of

the pilgrimage places. It was earlier known as Moolikapur. Mulki is 10 km north of

Suratkal. Mulki Town Panchayat (TP) was formed in the year 1973. The area covered

by the TP is 11.00 Sq.Km. The ULB Map of Dakshina Kannada is shown in Fig 3-1

Figure 3-1: ULB Map of Dakshina Kannada

Mulki is situated at 13.1° North latitude, 74.8° East longitude and 7 meters elevation

above the sea level. The town has been formed by the combination of 17 wards. Mulki

is a town with high humidity and temperature ranging 25'C to 35"C.

The 800 year old Durga Parameshwari temple at Bappanadu is located just 1 Km from

Mulki. Goddess Durga Parameshwari Temple at Bappanadu is one of the important

seats of Shakti worship in Dakshina Kannada district. Venkataramana Temple at Mulki

is also one of the main Vishnu temples of Dakshina Kannada district.



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The total population of Mulki is 19958 as per 2011 census. Total waste generated in

the city is about 6.5 TPD in year 2017.

Figure 3-2: Administrative setup for Mulki TP

Diorector of Municipal

Administration

Deputy Commissioner

Project Director (DUDC)

Chief Officer Gr.- II

Community Health Officer

Community Officer

Junior health Inspector

Revenue Inspector

Bill Collector

Junior Engineer

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Figure 3-3: Town Map of Mulki

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Figure 3-4: Bird Eye view of Mulki TP

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3.2 CLIMATE OF MULKI

Mulki is mostly covered by forests. The hills of the Western ghats provide scenic

beauty, especially during the monsoon season that usually lasts from the month of

June to September. The monsoon comes during the months of June to September.

The spring season occurs between November and January. During this season the

local temperature ranges between 15°C to 25°C. The summer or dry season occurs

between February and May due to heavy rainfall.

3.3 DEMOGRAPHY

Mulki is a Town Panchayat city in district of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka. The Mulki

city is divided into 17 wards. The Mulki Town Panchayat has population of 17,288 of

which 8,345 are males while 8,343 are females. Literacy rate of Mulki city is 88.00%

higher than state average of 75.36%. In Mulki, Male literacy is around 92.56 % while

female literacy rate is 83.82%. Mulki Town Panchayat has total administration over

5,091 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also

authorize to build roads within Town Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties

coming under its jurisdiction. The basic details of Mulki Town Panchayat is shown in

Table 3-1, the ward-wise population detail of Mulki is given in Table 3-2.

Table 3-1: Demographic Details

Sl. No Particulars Numbers

1 Number of total Households 3962

2 Total Number of wards 17

3 Total Population 17288

4 Total Male Population 8345

5 Total Female Population 8943

6 Total Number of literates 13791

7 Total Number of Male literates 6996

8 Total Number of Female literates 6795

9 Total Number of Colonies 01

10 Total Number of Households in the Colony 445

11 Total Number of Households having toilets in the Colony 423

12 Total Number of community toilets 01

13 Total Number of places public toilets 02

14 Total Number of educational institutions (Pry-07; High school-09;colleges-03)

19

15 Total Number of Self-help Groups 76

16 Total Number of Service providers (PKs-24; drivers-03,HI-01) 26

Source: Census Data 2011

78

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghats

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28season%29

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Table 3-2: Ward Wise Population

Wards Number of

Households Total Population Male Female

Ward No -1 219 824 383 441

Ward No -2 148 547 263 284

Ward No -3 189 699 330 369

Ward No -4 218 871 413 458

Ward No -5 197 938 432 506

Ward No -6 273 1193 512 681

Ward No -7 227 944 436 508

Ward No -8 260 1052 467 585

Ward No -9 228 1156 534 622

Ward No -10 266 1062 500 562

Ward No -11 80 417 224 193

Ward No -12 177 911 431 480

Ward No -13 300 1341 683 658

Ward No -14 391 1805 940 865

Ward No -15 263 1170 595 575

Ward No -16 279 1272 649 623

Ward No -17 247 1072 500 572

3.4 SLUM AREA DETAILS

Bijapura Colony, with total 445 household and population of 2381 is the only declared

slum in Mulki TP, another slum named Ashray Colony with 86 household and 381 is

under undeclared category. The basic service status of slum is as follows:

Household with direct Water supply- 508

Total number of public taps-23

Total length of roads (Paved and unpaved)- 4.92 km

Total household with individual toilet- 525

Source: Mulki Town Panchayat, Public Disclosure Schedule, 2014-15

3.5 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

3.5.1 WATER SUPPLY

The water supply in Mulki is covered for 90% of the wards at the rate of 75 LPCD

(Liters per capita per day). The various water supply sources for Mulki with the storage

method and the capacity are given in Table 3-3 below:

Table 3-3: Demographic Details

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Sl. No Source of Water Storage System Source Capacity (KL)

1 Uncovered well Bore well pumping system 510

2 Tap water from treated source

Over head Tank 320

3 Covered Well Bore well pumping system 220

4 Tube well / Borehole Bore well pumping system 120

5 Tap water from un-treated source

Over head Tank 80

Source: District Census Hand Book

3.5.2 SEWERAGE AND STORM WATER SYSTEM

Mulki has no separate sewerage network, the raw sewage or septic tank overflows are

discharged into open drains which flow into the water course. There is a storm water

drainage system which covers about 80% of Mulki Town Panchayat area.

3.5.3 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

Mulki town lies on the National Highway NH 66, it is well connected by the road

network. The total length of road network in Mulki is about 52.6 km. Pucca road

accounts for 40.46 km.

3.6 POPULATION PROJECTION

The waste generation is function of population and lifestyle of people. Therefore, it is

essential to project the population for 20-25 years for setting out the infrastructure for

SWM.

The population projection is Mulki city is carried out based on following methods:

1. Incremental increase method

2. Arithmetic increase

3. Geometric increase, and

4. Exponential method.

The calculation for population till 2040 by each of above method is given below:

Name of the Village/Town Mulki

Name of the District Dakshina Kannada

Incremental Increase Method = P2011+ X*n + Z*n*(n+1)/2

Arithmetic Increase Method = P2011 + (X)*n

Geometrical Increase Method = P2011 * (1+ M / 100)n

Exponential Method = P2011 * e r t

Where

Pn = Known Population Year

X = Avg. Population Increase Per decade

Y = Net Incremental Increase Per decade

Z = Avg. Incremental Increase Per decade

M = Avg. Percentile Increase in Population Per decade

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Name of the Village/Town Mulki

e = Base of Natural Logarithms

r = Average Ratio of growth

n = No of Decades

Sr. No

Year Population

Increase in Population

Rate of Growth in Population per Decade

Incremental Increase

Ratio of growth ( r )

1 1981 12098 573 4.97 -717 0.0049

2 1991 14100 2002 16.55 1429 0.0153

3 2001 16398 2298 16.30 296 0.0151

4 2011 17288 890 5.43 -1408 0.0053

Sum 11928 133.04 317 0.1171

Avg. Population Increase Per decade, X = 1440.75

Net Incremental Increase Per decade, Y = 317.00

Avg. Incremental Increase Per decade, Z = 92.33

Avg. Percentile Increase in Population Per decade,

M = 13.30

Base of Natural Logarithms, e = 2.71828

Average Ratio of growth, r = 0.01171

Table 3-4: Population projection for Horizon Years

Sr. No.

Methodologies Horizon Year

2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

1 As Per National Average Growth Rate

19118 20033 21557 23082 24607 26132

2 Incremental Increase Method

18059 18370 18776 19043 19172 19161

3 Arithmetic Increase Method

18326 18845 19710 20575 21440 22305

4 Geometrical Increase Method

18579 19261 20453 21718 23062 24489

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Table 3-5: Population projection for Mulki

Horizon Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026


Method 17593 17898 18203 18508 18813 19118 19423 19728 20033 20338 20643 20948 21252 21557 21862

Arithmetic Increase

Method 17430 17567 17699 17824 17945 18059 18168 18272 18370 18462 18549 18630 18706 18776 18841

Geometrical Increase

Method 17461 17634 17807 17980 18153 18326 18499 18672 18845 19018 19191 19364 19537 19710 19883

Exponential Method 17497 17708 17922 18139 18358 18579 18804 19031 19261 19494 19729 19967 20209 20453 20700

Population adopted

(Average AI, GI and II) 17463 17636 17809 17981 18152 18322 18490 18658 18825 18991 19156 19320 19484 19646 19808

Horizon Year 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040


Method 22167 22472 22777 23082 23387 23692 23997 24302 24607 24912 25217 25522 25827 26132

Arithmetic Increase

Method 18900 18953 19001 19043 19080 19111 19137 19157 19172 19181 19184 19182 19174 19161

Geometrical Increase

Method 20056 20229 20402 20575 20748 20921 21094 21267 21440 21613 21786 21959 22132 22305

Exponential Method 20950 21203 21459 21718 21981 22246 22515 22787 23062 23341 23623 23908 24197 24489

Population adopted

(Average AI, GI and II) 19968 20128 20287 20445 20603 20759 20915 21070 21225 21378 21531 21683 21834 21985

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3.7 WASTE GENERATION PROJECTION

The estimated waste generation in Mulki in 2017 is about 6.6 tons/ day. The waste

generation rate is about 320 grams/ capita/ day. This rate of generation is similar to

other cities of India of similar size.

The waste generation in India is increasing at about 5% per annum1. This increase is

due to population increase as well as lifestyle changes.

The waste generation estimate and its projection is important step for long term waste

management strategy and planning for the city. Therefore, the waste generation

estimate for Mulki is carried out in similar way as of population projection.

The waste generation estimate is carried out on following assumptions:

Increment in waste generation rate is 4.7% per annum up to 2020

From 2020 to 2040 waste increase rate is assumed to be 2.5%

Floating population is considered as 10%

Waste generation for Mulki for year 2017 is taken as 0.35 kg/ capita/ day

The waste generation estimate for Mulki is given in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6: Waste generation estimate for Mulki

Population/ Solid Waste

Generation Unit

Year

2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Population (Average of AI, GI & II)

18490 18825 19646 20445 21225 21985

Floating population

1850 1883 1965 2045 2123 2199

Total Population Solid Waste per capita generation considered

Kgs. 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.56

Floating Population (Solid Waste per capita generation considered

Kgs. 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06

Total population SW Generation

TPD 6.47 7.25 8.32 9.52 10.88 12.39

Floating population SW Generation

TPD 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.12

Total Solid Waste Generated

TPD 6.6 7.3 8.4 9.6 11.0 12.5

3.8 PRESENT SWM SCENARIO

1 Report on the Task Force on Waste to Energy (May 2014), Chairman- Dr. K. Kasturirangan

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The waste management concept for Mulki is in line with MSW Rules 2000 and SWM

Rules 2016. This is also as per recommendations of K. Kasturirangan Report on

Waste to Energy (WtE) and CPHEEO Manual.

The flow diagram for this concept is given in Figure 3-5.

3.8.1 PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE

The city has 17 wards; waste from all these 17 wards is collected by door to door

method, 90% waste collection efficiency is achieved in all the wards. The TP Authority

has provided one green colored bin for wet waste and black poly-bags for dry waste to

the residents for storage of segregated waste in each household.

Mulki TP has used various IEC (Information, Education and Communication)

measures like sessions in the schools, distribution of leaflets and sessions with

residents to educate about waste segregation and its benefit. Waste segregation at

household level is partially practices in some wards; however the segregation

efficiency is not up to the mark.

Figure 3-5: Door to Door Collection

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Figure 3-6: Bolero is used for Door to door collection

3.8.2 WASTE COLLECTION FROM HOUSEHOLDS

Waste collection from house to house waste is collecting by auto tipper, Bolero and

407- vehicle, waste collection starts daily at 6:00 am. Auto tippers reach the locations

in the scheduled timings and the waste is picked from the household bins and

Transported to landfill site located at Bappanadu village which is 3 km far from Mulki

town.

3.8.3 WASTE COLLECTION FROM COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS/ SHOPS &

MARKETS

Waste from commercial establishments/ shops are collecting by the auto tipper. There

are around 780 commercial establishments in the Mulki city limits as per the data

submitted by the TP.

3.8.4 WASTE COLLECTION FROM VEGETABLE & FRUIT MARKET

The Tractor trolley vehicles is collecting vegetable & fruit market waste and also

collect the waste from the road side vegetable vendors and transport to landfill.

3.8.5 WASTE COLLECTION FROM CHICKEN & MEAT SHOPS

There is no slaughter house in the city, as informed by the TP, the waste generated

form fish, mutton and chicken market waste is collecting by separate auto tipper and

transported to land fill site.

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Figure 3-7: Municipal Solid Waste Management Approach in Mulki TP

3.8.6 SECONDARY COLLECTION, STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION

No Secondary collection, storage or transfer of solid waste is done in Mulki. All the

secondary containers are removed from the entire ULB. Waste is collecting by the

Contractors and is transported directly to landfill site for treatment and disposal.

3.8.7 WASTE PROCESSING & TREATMENT AND

The municipal Solid waste collected from the residential and the commercial area’s

are collected and transferred to the land fill site located at Bappanandu Village which

is at 2 km from the city area.

Disposal of waste at Engineered

Landfill Site

Processing/ Treatment

Primary Collection

Waste Generation

Waste from Residential Area, Commercial Areas, Parks and

Open Spaces

Auto Tippers, Push Carts

Pit composting

for wet waste

Bolero and 407

Plastic and Reusables to

Scrap vendors

NO SECONDARY WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

Secondary Segregation at Landfill

site

2.38 Acres existing

Site

2.46 Acres Landfill

proposed for future

use

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Secondary segregation of waste is done at segregation platform in the landfill site

manually. The segregated biodegradable waste is treated in vermi-compost pits.

There are three vermi-compost pits of dimension 8 X 2 X 1 m. The compost

generated by vermi-compost is used in municipal parks.

Figure 3-8: Images of landfill site

3.9 EXISTING MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT

There are 18 wards in Mulki. The Chief Officer (CO) acts as the executive head, and

oversees the day to day functioning of the local body. Details of equipment for

sanitation work are given in Table below 3-6:

Table 3-7: Details of equipment and Manpower

Sr. No. Type of Equipment & Vehicles Nos.

1 Auto-tippers 2

2 407- Vehicle Bolero 1

3 Bolero 1

4 Tractors 1

Manpower

1 Sweepers

a Outsourced 20

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Sr. No. Type of Equipment & Vehicles Nos.

b Permanent 2

2 Sanitary Inspector 1

3 Drivers 4

3.10 SOLID WASTE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT

The qualitative and quantitative assessment for solid waste is carried out for Mulki TP

in December 2015. The sampling and analysis methodology was adopted as per

CPHEEO Manual. Detail of sampling and analysis are given in following sections.

3.10.1 WASTE SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

The quantitative and qualitative assessment of waste in the TP, especially its

physical and chemical properties is essential for determining the future technological

options for its treatment and disposal. The findings from this study will feed into the

process and facilitate taking future decisions, especially in terms of selection of the

technology.

As a methodology, in the absence of any existing information on MSW of Mulki,

profiling is taken up to understand the solid waste characteristics, collection system,

treatment processes, disposal methods and other management issues. The profiling

is based on the primary information collected in consultation with TP officials and

field studies.

Samples are collected from different locations like commercial area, markets, slums,

different classes of society, small scale industrial zone, near college sites and

existing dumping sites as given in Table 3-9.

Table 3-8: Sampling Locations and Number of Samples in Mulki

Sr. No. Locations No. of Samples

1 HIG 2

2 MIG 2

3 LIG & Slums 2

4 Vegetable Market 1

5 Commercial Market 1

6 Dumpsite 2

Total 10

3.10.2 METHODOLOGY

Physical Characterization of waste was carried out through “quarter coning method‟,

as the data of waste composition is essential for evaluating feasible techniques for

treatment.

Following procedure/ steps are followed for collection samples through this method:

Identified major waste sample collection sites covering the whole city population

and locations as mentioned in Table 5 above.

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The sample collection sites were selected such that all the type of area such as

residential, commercial, industrial, markets (vegetable market, meat/ fish market,

mix market etc.) and slums etc. are covered.

Sampling points are further identified on the classification based on economic

status of the area such as high, middle and low income (slum) group localities.

From the identified spots, 10 kg of municipal solid waste is collected from outside

and inside of the waste collection bins.

All the collected samples were heaped at one place and mixed thoroughly.

One quarter of this thoroughly mixed heap is taken out and this quarter portion is

again thorough mixed and quarter portion of it is taken out.

3.10.3 SAMPLING CRITERIA & ANALYSIS FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

The step-wise activity for waste sampling is given as below:

Step Activity

Step –I While collecting the solid waste sample, at a point, from 10 different points

within the waste heap samples are grabbed each weighing approximately 10 kg.

The grabbed sample was mixed together to obtain the composite sample of 100

kg.

Step –II The 100 kg sample is then reduced to approximately 12-13 kg by the method of

quartering.

The material is spread in a rectangle heap and divided into four equal parts.

The diagonally opposite portions are mixed together while other two diagonals

are rejected.

Step-III The collected portion is then mixed and spread in a rectangle heap.

The opposite two diagonal parts, which are on the other diagonal side, are

mixed together and remaining parts discarded.

Step-IV The above process is repeated till a sample of 10-12 kg remains. This

representative sample is used for physical and chemical analysis.

Step- V The physical analysis of these samples was carried out by weighing the various

constituents separately after manual separation and results expressed as a

percentage of the total weight.

Step –

VI

The mixed sample was first taken and subjected for moisture determination. The

total weight of the sample was recorded initially. The whole sample was then

screened through 20x20 mm sieve to separate the fine fraction of the refuse

containing mainly the earth, small stones and some fine organic fraction.

The coarse fraction of the refuse was further separated manually into different

ingredients e.g. hay & straw, leaves, paper and cardboard, food & fruit waste

26 | P a g e

Step Activity

(kitchen waste), plastic, metal, glass and ceramics, stores & bricks, inert fine

(<20mm), wood, leather, textile & rubber etc.

Each fraction was weighed separately and represented on percentage basis.

Step -

VII

Part of the organic fraction of the sample was then oven dried at 1000C for 24

hours, pulverized, passed through 0.22 mm pore size sieve, and mixed

thoroughly.

This powder was subjected to detailed chemical analysis such as, moisture

Content, volatile solids, ash, calorific value, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,

phosphorus, potash, C/N ratio.

3.10.4 PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT:

Physical components of waste like compostable, clothes, paper, plastics, sponges,

polythene bags, glass and inert material were identified. This physical assessment is

carried out at site itself. The physical assessment for Mulki on fresh weight basis at

the site is given in Table 3-8.

Figure 3-9: Waste Category (Percentage) in Mulki

58%

6%

12%

15%

9%

Physical Compostion

Organic (Food Waste) Papers Plastics Polythene Bags Inert Material

27 | P a g e

Table 3-9: Physical Assessment of Solid Waste in Mulki City

Type of Material

Unit Commercial

Waste Vegetable

Market

Household Dumpsite

HIG-1

HIG-2

MIG-1

MIG-2

LIG-1

LIG-2

Old New

Organic (Food Waste)

% 29.23 81.36 48.94 53.72 69.4 74.7 77 69.4 38.72 41

Clothes % - - - - - - - - 5.29

Papers % 21.2 10.21 15.36 10.6 11.6 2.6 13 16.5 - 23

Plastics % 5.37 - - 11.12 - - - 10.88 -

Polythene Bags

% 29.6 8.45 30.35 18.2 6.2 9.3

9.9 20.4 19.4

Inert Material

% 14.6 - 5.36 6.5 12.8 13.4 10 4.2 30 11.37

3.10.5 CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT:

After physical assessment, the samples were taken in a zip locked bag and brought

to laboratory for analysis. All the analysis is carried out within 24 hours of sample

collection. The parameters selected for chemical analysis and their methodology is

given in Table 3-10.

Table 3-10: Parameters and methodologies for Assessment

Parameter Method Unit

Moisture ASTM D5231 %

Ash Content ASTM D5231 %

Total volatile content (LOI) ASTM D5231 %

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ASTM D5231 %

Phosphorus ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Sulphur ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Chloride ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Calorific value IS 1350(P-2)1984 Kcal/kg

Iron (Fe) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Arsenic (As) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Selenium (Se) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Nickel (Ni) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Zinc (Zn) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Cadmium (Cd) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Copper (Cu) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Chromium (Cr) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

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Parameter Method Unit

Lead (Pb) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

Mercury (Hg) ASTM D5231 mg/kg

29 | P a g e

Table 3-11: Chemical Analysis of MSW – Mulki

Sl. No

Test Parameter Unit Commercial

Waste Vegetable

Market

Household Dumpsite

HIG-1 HIG-2 MIG-1 MIG-2 LIG-1 LIG-2 Old (<1 year)

Fresh Waste

1 Moisture % 34.83 62.6 50.06 61.18 68.39 64.31 65.71 68.92 37.18 59.37

2 Ash Content % 10.53 17.98 34.24 8.37 14.12 8.44 20.8 13.75 30.87 18.29

3 Total Volatile Content (LOI)

% 89.46 82.01 65.75 91.62 85.87 91.55 79.19 87.29 69.12 93.18

4 Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

% 51.25 43.1 34.39 45.09 47.14 41.05 46.37 53.71 48.39 57.35

5 Phosphorus mg/kg 388.75 455.75 328.25 1742 399.75 593 558 459.32 403.75 626.36

6 Sulphur % BDL

7 Chloride mg/kg 118.94 160.35 172.18 189.66 150.91 150.67 104.63 157.28 103.98 195.81

8 Calorific Value K. cal/kg 1281.37 768.63 1007.77 945.45 920.76 884.58 802.4 735.37 1381.02 856.15

9 Iron (Fe) mg/kg 40.1 1021.29 1922.83 474.45 2642.72 442.51 5706.48 4368.21 420.504 3877.68

10 Arsenic (As) [DL-1.0]

mg/kg BDL

11 Selenium (Se) [DL-0.5]

mg/kg BDL

12 Nickel (Ni) mg/kg BDL 3.35 6.62 BDL 8.58 7.96 18.48 9.37

13 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 9.84 24.83 14.73 100.95 43.77 15.88 66.48 73.38 21 78.29

14 Cadmium (Cd) [DL-2.0]

mg/kg BDL 2.2 0.899 0.654 4.03 0.825

15 Copper (Cu) mg/kg 1.87 7.16 9.78 12.6 17.1 8.41 26.16 29.38 7.88 33.17

16 Chromium (Cr) [DL-1.0]

mg/kg BDL 2.75 6.09 BDL 6.48 BDL 22.77 26.94 BDL 29.38

17 Lead (Pb) mg/kg 0.38 2.37 3.17 2.88 3.19 3.67 20.42 23.12 20.99 25.19

18 Mercury (Hg) [DL-1.0]

mg/kg BDL

30 | P a g e

4 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN

This chapter provides Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) for primary and

secondary waste collection system and transportation system for Mulki. The

proposed plan includes the planning, infrastructure requirements, quantities, and

corresponding cost estimates for the collection and transportation systems were

made in the end of the DPR. The proposed SWM system is broadly based on 4R

Environmental Protection Rules (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Recover) and is in

accordance with the MSW 2000 Rules & SWM Rules 2016. The primary aspects of

the proposed plan include the following:

Compliance with Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules of

2000. SWM Rules 2016.

Compulsory segregation at the source.

Provision of segregation infrastructure at all stages of collection and

transportation.

Waste to be covered at all stages of handling.

Reduction of manual handling of waste by providing of proper PPEs to the

workers.

100% collection and transportation of the generated waste

Maximum recovery of resources by segregation of recyclables and

biodegradable waste.

Advocate 4R’s i.e. reduce, recycle, reuse, and recover materials in MSW

management

Promote information, education and communication across the stakeholders to

ensure system efficiency and sustainability

Ensure economic sustainability of the proposed system by introducing public

private partnership in MSW management

Adequate health and safety provisions for workers at all stages of waste

handling

Regular environmental monitoring at waste processing and disposal facilities

and robust complaint-handling system in place

Conduct regular internal and external independent audits on the efficiency of

entire SWM system.

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4.2 GAP ANALYSIS WITH THE EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TP

Table 4-1: Gap Analysis of Existing and Proposed System

Sl. No Component of SWM Gaps Proposed in DPR

1 Source Segregation of

waste

1. No segregation of Wet

waste and Dry waste

at source level

1. Increased IEC

activities for waste

segregation.

2. Some percentage of

Concession in house

Hold (HH) fee

collection for

segregation & higher

fee for non-

segregation.

2 Collection and

Transportation

1. Achievement of

Collection efficiency is

90%

2. Mixing of waste by

collection workers

1. Achieving 100%

collection in entire

town, which results in

higher revenue

collection.

2. Collection of

Biodegradable & Non

biodegradable

Waste separately in

the collection vehicle.

3. Pilot launch of dry

waste collection once

or twice in a week.

4. Separate collection

vehicle for

commercial waste

5. Separate collection &

transportation of

chicken & mutton

waste

3 Processing & Treatment 1. Pit composting

1. Windrow

Composting

Technology

4 Information Education &

Communication

1. Reach to all the

societies of city

1. Effective IEC

campaign by

involving NGOs,

SHGs, Residents &

School Students.

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4.3 OVERVIEW OF THE RECOMMENDED COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Collection and transportation, probably the most important component of the SWM

operation requires active involvement of the citizen, NGOs and private entrepreneurs.

Besides introduction of equipment and vehicles for minimum handling and exposure of

waste, awareness creation is the key in developing meaningful partnerships. The

collection and transportation Plan is shown in Figure 4-2 the suggestions in this

section focus mainly on the mode of operation, choices of vehicle & equipment and

estimation of the requirements.

The suggestions are mainly for:

Promotion of the practice of segregation and storage of waste at source in two

bins-for wet waste and another for dry waste, so as to facilitate an organized

and hierarchical system of waste collection and disposal, without letting the

waste to reach the ground in the primary and secondary collection stages.

Organization of door to door collection with community participation on cost

recovery basis and minimize the multiple handling of waste, improvement in the

productivity of labor and equipment.

Daily transportation of waste to the integrated MSW disposal facility.

Creation of awareness for source segregation and storage at source.

Monitoring system to increase the productivity

4.3.1 SEGREGATION AND STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE

Source segregation of recyclables and biodegradables (organic waste) provides an

efficient mode for resource recovery and also reduces pressure on Landfill sites

substantially. It is understood that implementation of such practices takes time and

requires significant cooperation from the public. However, initiation should be made

and efforts should be diverted to progressively increase the segregation practices.

Community Participation indicates various actions that could be taken by Mulki Town

Panchayath to increase the public participation for the management of MSW. The

sections below deal with issues that need to be considered for source segregation and

various options available to implement this system.

Segregation of waste at Source

Segregation of the two different fractions of waste could be undertaken without mixing

them, but directly depositing into separate bin / bag as and when generated. We need

to use two separate bins for wet waste and dry waste storage in household level.

The efficiency of the proposed Waste Management Plan described below is driven by

the separation of waste at the primary collection level. For this purpose, following

approach needs to be adopted by the residents as well as the Municipality personnel.

Create awareness for segregation and storage of waste in three bin system for

wet, dry and household biomedical/ hazardous waste

Organize awareness campaigns for segregation of waste through local NGO’s,

school representatives, SHG’s.

33 | P a g e

Regular meeting and interaction with representatives of local residents

associations, community participants, NGO’s etc

To direct waste generators not to throw waste in the neighborhoods, on streets

and other open areas.

However, it is not easy to implement source segregation practices immediately. A

prolonged campaign by TP office will be required with adequate budgetary provisions

to impress the citizens that source segregation will provide them a healthy

environment and a better lifestyle.

Storage of waste at Source

a. Household Collection:

Citizens could be encouraged to have separate storage facilities for

food/biodegradables and recyclables/non-bio-degradable so as to ensure that no

waste goes to ground and a system of ‘Single handling’ is developed. Residents

should be made aware to segregate waste at the source and store it in separate bins,

prior to the collection and transportation by the operator.

As per the ‘2 Bin system of Solid Waste Storage at source’, each of the household

shall be encouraged to keep separate Bins. The household bin for food & green waste

could be of 10-15 liters capacity made of plastic/ reinforced plastic/ LDPE or metal. Bin

or plastic bags may be used for recyclables, non bio-degradable and domestic

hazardous storage requirements. Bins are preferred options as it is often difficult to

separate the plastic bag during the waste processing and disposal.

TP has already distributed household bins to all the houses in the town.

Segregation of waste at source shall be introduced along with door-to-door waste

collection. Hotels, offices, shops and restaurants need to keep adequate number of

bins to facilitate easy handling and transfer of waste to Municipal collection system.

Plastic, HDPE or reinforced fiber-glass bins are recommended for this purpose.

b. Construction & Demolition(C&D):

The C&D waste has to be stored within the premises of the construction site either in

skips or suitable containers and has to be directly emptied to the notified disposal site

or transported by availing municipal facility. However the C&D wastes are in much

demand for filling up the low lying flood prone area.

c. Bulk & other Garden waste:

The waste has to be stored at the premises and disposed directly to skips/ containers

for the purpose or should be directly handed over to the Municipal vehicle arriving on

pre-notified days. Similarly, the fruits and vegetable stalls should also store the waste.

Marriage halls/ function halls should keep large container matching the Municipal

system.

d. Street/ food vendors:

The street and food vendors will have to keep bins to store waste and transfer to

municipal container. Provision of suitable containers at source is the responsibility of

34 | P a g e

individual generators. It is essential to keep the streets and public places clean at all

times of day. This is possible only if waste producers cooperate and effectively

participate in the waste management efforts of the Municipality.

e. Chicken & Meat Waste:

Meat, Chicken and fish stalls should store waste in non-corrosive bin/ bins of about 60

liter capacities each and waste should be handover to collection crew directly. It is

proposed for a separated collection Auto tipper for meat waste and the waste shall be

collected at night.

f. Segregating biomedical waste:

The segregation of biomedical waste from households is not being practiced in

the town. It is being mixed with municipal solid waste.

Biomedical waste when mixed with MSW becomes hazardous/ infectious which

drastically increases the chances of affecting the health of workers & rag

pickers and normal waste management practices like composting and waste

recycling are also adversely affected due to mixing of biomedical waste.

Households shall also be made aware of handing over segregated household

biomedical waste if any to the waste collector in a separate pouch/ packet.

Hospitals should deposit only the food & bio-degradable waste in the Municipal

System.

g. Hazardous domestic waste: The hazardous waste such as tube lights, batteries,

electronic items, etc. separately to the waste collector so that will not mixed with

municipal waste. The waste collector would in turn handover the waste to

authorized concern vendor.

Short term approach for segregation

Segregation of waste at various sources described in the above sections takes

considerable time in setting up/ to fall in place. Meanwhile as an immediate measure

the following are proposed. This immediate short term approach will be limited to a

time period of 2 to 3 years:

No segregation of waste at source. Collection of mixed waste from waste

generators.

Segregation can be partly done during collection of waste in the Auto tippers by

PK’s / rag pickers- sorting of recyclable waste

4.3.2 PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE

Door to door collection services includes collection of waste from households and

commercial establishments, markets and other waste generating sources. The ranges

of vehicles used for primary collection generally are tricycles, pushcarts, auto tippers,

and sometimes tractors, mini lorry depending on the area. It is necessary to provide

daily services to all households, shops and establishments for the collection of waste

from the doorstep. This service must be regular and reliable – recyclable material can

be collected at longer regular intervals as may be convenient to the waste producer

35 | P a g e

and the waste collector, as this waste does not normally decay and need not be

collected daily.

Domestic hazardous waste is produced occasionally and so such waste need not be

collected from the door step. People could be advised or directed to put such waste in

special bins kept in the City for disposal of such wastes as per the directions given by

Municipality. The Table 4-2 demonstrates various Door To Door Collection (DTDC)

systems

Table 4-2: Door to door Collection systems

Area Activity System Vehicle/

Equipment

Frequency

Residential Door to Door

Collection

(DTDC)

Collection

Bins

Auto tippers Daily

Commercial DTDC Collection

Bins

Tractors / Mini

Lorry

Daily

Doorstep collection – House holds

At present, door to door collection system is in practice in all wards, further

strengthening of the system is required for 100% coverage. The door to door collection

of waste shall be done on day to day basis.

For the door to door collection of waste from households, auto tippers with

requisite number of manpower are required for the collection of waste.

One Auto for every 1000 households has been proposed.

Each ward area dwellers shall be notified with general collection timings on

various streets within the ward exactly on the scheduled time a waste picker

along with Auto will arrive at the place pre-notified and ring a specially designed

gong to alert the residents. He will then pick up the waste from individual

household unit and load it in to auto separately as green and dry waste.

A separate arrangement for collection from slum areas is proposed. Wheeled

bins are proposed for collection of waste where the auto tippers are not

accessible like in narrow streets. Waste will be transferred from these wheeled

bins to auto tippers.

The route map for collection and transportation of Municipal Solid Waste generated is

presented in Appendix 5.

Table 4-3: Vehicle Requirement for collection and transportation of Solid Waste

S. No Details 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1 Population 18322 18490 18658 18825 18991 19156

2 Number of household 5800 5889 5942 5995 6048 6101

3 Number of Shifts (1Bolero for every 600* household per shift)

10 10 10 10 11 11

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S. No Details 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

4 Number of vehicle for household collection

5 5 5 5 6 6

5 Total boleros proposed 4 4 4 4 5 5

6 Existing Number of boleros

2 4 4 4 4 5

8 Total bolero required 2 0 0 0 1 0

Table 4-4: Manpower for collection & Transportation of waste

Sl. No. Particulars Nos.

1 Drivers required for ATs 4

2 Existing Drivers 3

3 Additional Drivers required for ATs 1

4 Helpers required 4

2 persons (One driver and one helper) for auto-tipper

4.4 STREET SWEEPING AND DRAIN CLEANING

In order to improve the system, all the roads and lanes having habitation or

commercial activities may be covered on a day to day basis. This may be done by

employing one person per 1000 m including commercial & important areas, one

person per 1000 m in medium density areas and 1000 m in WBM roads i.e. low

density areas. The worker engaged in street sweeping shall be provided with long

handle broom, metal trays, Gum boots, gloves, shovels and uniforms.

The worker engaged in street sweeping shall be provided with long handle broom,

metal trays, Gum boots, gloves, shovels and uniforms

Table 4-5: Worker requirement for Street Sweeping

Description 2017

Total Road Length 45

Daily Sweeping of Length Road- A Type Road

5

Alternative sweeping length road- B Type Road

18

Alternative sweeping length road- C Type Road

23

Sweepers Requirement at average of 1 per 1000 running meter length / day on both sides sweeping

A Type Road 5

B Type Road 6

C Type Road 4

No. of Sweepers 15

37 | P a g e

Table 4-6: Pushcarts requirement for Street Sweeping

S. No Description 2017

1 Road Length 45

2 Daily Sweeping of Length Road- A Type Road 5

3 Alternative sweeping length road- B Type

Road 18

4 Weekly sweeping length road- C Type Road 23

5 Wheeled Bins for Type A road 5

6 Wheeled Bins for Type B road 3

7 Wheeled Bins for Type C road 2

8 TOTAL number of Push Cart required 10

9 Unit rate of Pushcart 7500

10 Cost of Push Cart (in Lakhs) 0.75

4.5 REQUIREMENT OF TRACTORS

Presently there are two tractors but these tractors are 2008 make so we proposed to

scarp and we proposed new mini tipper for street sweeping waste and bulk waste

generators like Market, Hotel/ Restaurants, Institutions.

4.6 DRY WASTE COLLECTION CENTER

A small dry waste collection center is planned to be set up at Kilpadu gram with an

area of 0.25 Acre. The dry waste collected can be stored, segregated and sold to

authorized vendors. It is recommended to collect dry waste once in a week or twice in

a week in initially days once it is practiced we can collect on daily basis of wet and dry

waste.

Table 4-7: Dry waste center worker requirement

Sl. No. Description Numbers

1 Skilled Labor 1

4.7 COMPARISON OF EXISTING & PROPOSED MANPOWER

Table 4-8: Dry waste center worker requirement


in DPR Required

Collection & Transportation and Sweeping

1 Sweepers 11 15 4

2 Supervisor 1 1 0

3 Drivers

0

a Bolero 4 4 0

b Mini Tipper 0 1 1

4 Helpers 6 6 0

A Total 22 27 5

38 | P a g e


in DPR Required

Landfill Site


2 Unskilled workers 4 2 -2

3 JCB Driver 0 1 1

5 Watchmen 1 1 0

B Total 5 5 0

Dry Waste Center


C Total 0 1 1

A+B+C Total 27 33 6

39 | P a g e

5 SOLID WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

5.1 INTRODUCTION

There is no dearth of technologies as far as management of municipal solid wastes is

concerned. These belong to two major class based chiefly on the composition of waste

matter. One which has more organic content and has reasonably good moisture

content of about 50% or more is suitable for composting or bio-methanation for

manufacturing of bio-fertilizers and the other class which has reasonably good carbon

and hydrogen content and having calorific value above 3000 Kcal/kg and has low

moisture of less than 40% is suitable for incineration or pyrolysis with one of the recent

off-shoots as waste to energy ventures across the world. The write-up in the earlier

chapters entailing the type, composition and projected growth of MSW vis-a-vis

lifestyle and growing per capita income level in next 25 years would lay the foundation

of the choice of technology for municipal solid waste management in the bigger towns

as well as in the ULBs.

This is understood from several studies including reports of K. Kasturirangan and

CPHEEO manual on SWM, one single technology may not suffice for solid waste

processing for any ULBs. The combinations of technologies are important for

sustainable waste processing. The further section of this chapter discusses several

technologies for waste treatment and its screening to arrive at best combination for

Mulki.

5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF MSW TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

In India, the decision on selection of suitable technology of MSW management would

also be driven by the techno-economics of collection of waste from individual

households, commercial establishments, markets/ shops, hotels/ restaurants and

industries. The choice of technology would be driven by the decision of whether waste

would be managed locally within the jurisdiction of the respective ULBs or Towns/

Cities or it would be managed centrally in a dedicated waste processing centre and

therefore has to be transported for a longer distance of 10-25 km in dry or semi-dry

form in dedicated containers following necessary compaction at intermediate transfer

centers within respective jurisdiction of the ULBs or Towns/ Cities. It would be more

driven by the availability of competent and reliable technology suppliers based on their

past experience so as to manage effectively the waste with reasonable flexibility of

variation in composition and type of waste down the years, would be cost effective and

has potential of generating a sustainable flow of revenues for the investor. The

success of MSW management would also depend on selection of technology that

ensures optimizing the cost of waste management to all other stakeholders including

generators of the waste, municipal bodies, banks/financial institutions or money

lending agencies in a PPP model backed by strong administrative and political

willingness of State and Central Governments.

5.3 SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES

The suitability of a particular technology for the treatment of MSW depends on a

number of factors that essentially include techno-economic viability, environmental

safeguards, and sustainability and location specificity. The important parameters that

40 | P a g e

are considered generally for a suitability analysis are the quantity of waste that can be

handled, physical, chemical and biological characters of waste, land & water

requirement, environmental sensitivity to locations, environmental impacts/pollution

potential, Capital investment, O&M costs, cost-recovery, product utility, by-product

usability or reject disposal, requirement of pollution control installation, etc.

5.3.1 BASIS FOR SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES

The response level of each technology to various parameters is normally considered

for suitability analysis in the biophysical scenario of Karnataka is given in Table 5-1.

The table indicates that the parameters considered for suitability analysis are

subjective and somewhat location specific and hence vary from place to place.

Table 5-1: Response Level of Waste Treatment Technologies to Various Suitability Determinants

Parameters Parameters in the Bio-physical Background of Karnataka

Aerobic Composting

Vermi Composting

Bio-methanation

Incineration

Pyrolysis & Gasification

Plasma Pyrolysis

Refuse Derived Fuel Making

Sensitivity to quantity

Low High Mod Mod Mod Mod Low

Sensitivity to quality

Mod High High Mod Mod Low Low

Land requirement

Mod High Low Low Low Mod Mod

Water requirement

Low Low Mod Low Low High Low

Enviro-sensitivity

Mod Low Mod High High High Low

Environmental Impacts

Mod Low Mod High High High Mod

Capital Investment

Low High Mod High High High High

O & M cost Low Low Mod High High High High

Cost Recovery Potential

Mod High Mod Low Low Mod Mod

Product Utility High High High - Low Mod High

EMP Cost Mod Low Mod High High High Mod

Manpower requirement

Mod High Low Mod Mod Low Mod

Sustainability High High Mod Low Low Low Mod

Decentralization possibility

High High High Low Low Low Low

From the above Table, it appears that the composting technology followed by bio-

methanation appears to be more attractive than other options. The vermi composting

41 | P a g e

technology although has high capital investment, but operational costs would be

significantly low than the waste to energy options involving RDF, pyrolysis, incineration

etc. Moreover, from the decentralization aspects of technology selection factor, it

appears that the composting technologies are more suitable for ULBs solid waste

management perspective than W2E technologies. The W2E technology would be

more suitable for larger towns or cities where there is a steady supply and growth of

municipal solid wastes.

The waste to energy options are not only cost prohibitive but also does not have

adequate number of proven & successful ventures in India. The Indian MSW

characteristics, cost economics, environmental compatibility and societal acceptability

pushes the bio-conversion processes over the thermal conversion processes. The high

moisture content, low calorific value, substantially high contents of nitrogen,

phosphorous and potassium in MSW samples indicate that the vegetative fractions of

wastes are more suitable for composting to organic manure after separating the

reusable and recyclable fractions. The inert, non-biodegradable residue left after

composting could be disposed of using sanitary landfills. The resource requirement for

thermal methods and their environmental impacts are very high and hence, may not be

generally considered suitable for a sustainable solution.

The aerobic composting is done in the open using naturally occurring micro-organisms

to convert the organic wastes to compost in 4 to 12 weeks. The anaerobic composting

is done under covered pits or in a closed vessel and the process is lengthy extending

over 4 to 10 months. The vermi-compost is basically earthworm casting, involving

stabilization of organic waste to high quality manure through earthworm consumption

and activity of micro organisms. The anaerobic digestion subjects solid waste with

large proportion of organic matter to decomposition in low oxygen environment leading

to the production of bio-gas, a mixture of CH4 and CO2. This gas can be used for

burning or for generation of electricity and the sludge is good manure.

There are many process variations for composting such as windrow, aerated static

pile, in-vessel methods etc. Emanation of offensive odors, spreading of vector,

menace of flies, birds and dogs, generation of leachate, accumulation of compost

rejects are the major environmental implications of environment, causing air, water and

land pollution. These could be overcome by proper system design, operational control

and pollution control measures. The workers at the composting site are vulnerable to

various occupational diseases and hence insistence of personal protective measures

is extremely significant. Heavy metal toxicity of the ecosystem is also a possibility in

the case of composting and its application. The bio-methanation process is a slow

process and cannot accept shock loading. The non-biodegradable organic fraction (i.e.

refractory organics) cannot be digested and hence, needs to be disposed of without

treatment. The sludge from the bio-methanation plant is a difficult material to be

handles as it cannot be directly used for soil, and needs special treatment to remove

undesired materials such as glass, metals, and pathogens. The substantial

concentration of toxic metals in organic matter samples warrants a prudent leachate

treatment unit in the solid waste management design in the case of aerobic as well as

anaerobic composting process.

42 | P a g e

The thermal conversion processes, especially the incineration has a potential to

release particulate matter, CO2, SO2 (sulphur dioxide), NOx (oxides of nitrogen), dioxin,

and furan. The dioxin which is one of the most toxic gases and potent cancer

promoter, mercury which is a potent neurotoxin, hydrogen chloride which is a potent

acid rain inducer, fine particulates which is a potent lung ailment promoter, toxic metals

including lead which is causative of nervous system disorders, cadmium which is

causative of kidney ailments, arsenic which is causative of damaging nerves and

tissues etc. are causative factors for increasing toxicity in ecosystems. The ash from

the boiler can also often be toxic. Therefore, air pollution control measures and

secured land filling of ash are prime requisites for thermal conversion processes. The

additional cost of the complete pollution control systems is about 30% of the power

plant cost, which makes it financially unattractive to the already high investment

system.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TECHNOLOGY (IES)

This is inferred from the screening of several technologies as given in this chapter that

following two technologies would be suitable for Mulki.

1. Conventional Composting (CC) and Vermi Composting

2. Recycling

5.4.1 COMPOSTING

It is the aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic matter in a warm, moist

environment by the action of bacteria, yeasts, fungi and other organisms. It allows for

the development of an end product that is biologically stable and free of viable

pathogens and plant seeds and can be applied to land beneficially. Composting

involves three basic steps, that of pre-processing (size reduction, nutrient addition etc),

decomposition and stabilization of organic material and post-processing (grinding,

screening, etc). The decomposition and stabilization phase happens when the bacteria

and other organisms act on organic fraction of MSW that essentially consists of

proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin and ash in presence of

oxygen. The reaction converts the organic matter, in its entirety, to compost, new cells,

CO2, water, NO3, SO4 and heat. The commonly used composting processes are

windrow, aerated static pile and in-vessel methods. In the aerated static pile process,

oxygen is provided to the piled up MSW by mechanical aeration system. In the in-

vessel systems, the composting material is mixed mechanically during the processing

to minimize odors and processing time. The indicative process flow and design and

operational conditions of aerobic composting process are shown in Figure 5-1 and

Table 5-2.

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Figure 5-1: Schematic Flow of a Typical Composting Plant

Table 5-2: Design and Operating Conditions for Aerobic Composting

Sl. No. Aspects Preferable Standards and Specification

1 MSW characteristics Sorted organic fraction of MSW, preferable with same rate of decomposition

2 MSW Particle size Between 25 – 75 mm for optimum results

3 C/N Ratio Between 25 – 50 initially. Release of ammonia and impeding of biological activity at lower ratios. Nitrogen as a limiting nutrient at higher ratios

4 Blending & Seeding Addition of partially decomposed matter (1-5% by weight) reduces composting time.

5 Moisture content 55% (optimum)

6 Windrow size 3m length, 2m width and 1.5m height (optimum)

7 Mixing/ turning Every four or five days, until the temperature drops from about 66 – 600C to about 380C or less. Alternate days under typical operating conditions

8 Temperature 50-550 C for first few days and 55-600 C for the reminder composting period. Biological activity reduces significantly at higher temperature (>660C)

9 Pathogen control Maintenance of temperature between 60-700C for 24 hours

10 Air requirement Air with at least 50% of initial oxygen concentration to reach all parts of composting material

11 pH control 7 – 7.5 (optimum). Not above 8.5 to minimize

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nitrogen loss in the form of ammonia gas

12 Inoculums Not desirable, except in special cases

13 Degree of decomposition

Determine by COD test or from Respiratory Quotient (RQ).

14 Area requirement ~25 m2 for 1 ton of MSW (only for windrow formation for 21 days composting and maturity yard for 30 days stabilization). Area for machinery, packing and storage extra

15 Post treatment care Facility for effluent (leachate) recycling and treatment and sanitary landfill of rejects (inert materials, sludge from ETP)

16 Nutrient recovery 2-4 kg N/ton ; 1-2 kg P/ton ; 1-2 kg K/ton

17 Product recovery 18-25% of waste input

18 Residuals for disposal

2-20% sieving overflow (plastic, metal, glass, stones, un composted matter

5.4.2 VERMI COMPOSTING

Vermi-composting is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some

species of earthworm. Vermi compost is a nutrient-rich, natural fertilizer and soil

conditioner. The process of producing vermi-compost is called vermi-composting. The

earthworm species most often used are Eudrillus eugineae, Eisenia foetida or

Lumbricus rubellus. Small scale vermi composting is done in bins of varying size and

style and three different types of practices, such as non-continuous, continuous

vertical flow and continuous horizontal flow, are adopted. The methods for large scale

vermi composting are windrow and raised bed or flow through systems. Flow-through

systems are well suited to indoor facilities, making them the preferred choice for

operations in colder climates. Kitchen waste, except oily and spicy items are suitable

for worms. But too much kitchen waste leads to putrification before the worms can

process it and becomes harmful to the worms. Similarly, material sprayed with

pesticides, high-water-content materials like watermelon, woody part of garden waste

etc are hindrance to the process. The worms digest proteins and fats in meat scraps,

but these materials attract scavengers. Regular removal of composted material,

adding holes to the bin, or using a continuous-flow bin etc improve oxygen supply to

worms. Insufficient oxygen leads to anaerobic reactions, producing strong odor and

creating toxic environment for the worms. The design and operational conditions of

vermi-composting process is given in Table 5-3.

Table 5-3: Design and Operational conditions of Vermi composting Process


1. MSW characteristics

Any organic waste which are not appreciably oily, spicy, salty or hard and that do not have excessive acidity and alkalinity

2 MSW Particle size Between 25 – 50 mm for optimum results

3 C/N Ratio 30:1 (preferred). Brown matter (wood products, saw dust, paper etc) is rich in carbon and green matter

45 | P a g e


(food scraps, leaves etc) in nitrogen. Overabundance of greens generates ammonia. Correction by application of brown matter

4 Blending Sprinkle cow-dung powder along with waste

5 Moisture content 40-55% preferable; cover the tank with wet sack and sprinkle water as required

8 Temperature 20 – 30oC

Base layer Coconut husk of one or two layers with cow-dung powder (~30 kg for 4m x 1m x 0.5m size tank)

9 Placing MSW Waste layer thickness in the tank to be less than 15cm at a time; introduce fresh waste at consecutive portion of the tank

10 Aeration Regular removal of the composted material, adding holes to the bin, or using a continuous-flow bin.

11 pH control Slightly alkaline state preferable. Correction by adding small dose of calcium carbonate

14 Area requirement Tank size of 4m x 1m x 0.5m for waste input of 10kg/day of semi decomposed waste

15 Leachate collection

500 litre leachate collection tank for 250 kg/day plant

18 Physical protection Wire mesh protection from mouse, ants and other pests; avoid exposure to direct sun light or rainfall.

Un-composted matter

5.4.3 BIOREACTOR LANDFILL

Landfills are the primary method of waste disposal in many parts of the world,

including United States and Canada. Bioreactor landfills are expected to reduce the

amount of and costs associated with management of leachate, to increase the rate of

production of methane (natural gas) for commercial purposes and reduce the amount

of land required for land-fills. Bioreactor landfills are monitored and manipulate oxygen

and moisture levels to increase the rate of decomposition by microbial activity.

There are three types of bioreactor e.g. aerobic, anaerobic and a hybrid using both

aerobic and anaerobic method. All three mechanisms involve the reintroduction of

collected leachate supplemented with water to maintain moisture levels in the landfill.

The micro-organisms responsible for decomposition are thus stimulated to decompose

at an increased rate with an attempt to minimise harmful emissions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfills

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anaerobic

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Figure 5-2: Typical Aerobic Bio Reactor Landfill Process

In aerobic bioreactors air is pumped into the landfill using either vertical or horizontal

system of pipes. The aerobic environment decomposition is accelerated and amount of

VOCs, toxicity of leachate and methane are minimised. In anaerobic bioreactors with

leachate being circulated the landfill produces methane at a rate much faster and

earlier than traditional landfills. The high concentration and quantity of methane allows

it to be used more efficiently for commercial purposes while reducing the time that the

landfill needs to be monitored for methane production. Hybrid bioreactors subject the

upper portions of the landfill through aerobic-anaerobic cycles to increase

decomposition rate while methane is produced by the lower portions of the landfill.

Bioreactor landfills produce lower quantities of VOCs than traditional landfills, except

H2S. Bioreactor landfills produce higher quantities of H2S.

Bioreactor landfills accelerate the process of decomposition. As decomposition

progresses, the mass of the landfill declines, creating more space for dumping

garbage. Bioreactor landfills are expected to increase this rate of decomposition and

save up to 30% of space needed for landfills. Also bio reactor landfills do not require

monitoring of not more than 10 years unlike most other landfills which require 30-40

years of monitoring for gas and leachate escape in surrounding community.

However, it has its own disadvantages as well. Bioreactor landfills are a relatively new

technology. For the newly developed bioreactor landfills initial monitoring costs are

higher to ensure that everything important is discovered and properly controlled. The

increased moisture content of bioreactor landfill reduces the structural stability of the

landfill. The landfill can become too soft too quickly and end up collapsing in on itself

due to its weight. Another consequence of rapid decomposition is the rapid

accumulation of landfill gases, primarily methane. Traditional landfills have exhaust

pipes dug into them to release methane as it is produced. Bioreactor landfills may

produce enough landfill gases at a fast enough rate that pipes are not be able vent

them, causing an explosion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_direction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_plane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gases

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane

47 | P a g e

5.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR MULKI

Currently about 6.6 tons of waste is generated in Mulki Town. The waste is transferred

using auto tipper, truck tipper and Tractor to Bappanadu landfill site. The mass

balance of solid waste is shown below figure.

Figure 5-3: Solid Waste Management Mass Balance for Mulki TP

Solid Waste Entering the Landfill site

(6.6 tons)

Recyclables ( 10%)

(0.6 ton)

Given to scrap

vendors

Inerts (10%)

(0.6 ton)

Disposed in landfill site

Biodegradable Waste (60%)

(3.96 tons)

Waste from Household,

vegetable markets, fruit markets, hotels

Treated in Windrow Composting & Vermi

Compostimg

Compost to be used in Public Parks and agricultural fields or Sell to market

Dry Waste (20%)

(1.24 ton)

Given to vendors

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6 INTEGRTATED WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Mulki Town Panchayath is generating 6.6 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) per

day; currently the waste generated in the TP is transferred to landfill site for treatment

and disposal.

About 3 acres of land is developed in Bappanadu Village. Some basic facilities like

boundary wall, Security guard room, waste receiving platform, compost pits, internal

road and plantation is developed in the land

The location of the landfill site at is shown on Google image is presented in Fig 6-1.

6.2 SITE DESCRIPTION

The selection of a suitable site or sites for sanitary landfill requires the consideration

of many factors. Some of these can be measurable, while some are subjective or

need value based judgments. Considerable preliminary information can be obtained,

including aerial photos, land use plans, well logs, soil surveys, geological surveys

and climatologically data. The major criteria of site selection are the protection of

health and the prevention of environmental pollution, the economies of operation and

public and political acceptability.

Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rule, 2000 and SWM Rule 2016,

describes the provisions on basis of which the disposal site is to be identified,

developed & managed. The rule is applicable to every municipal authority

responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and

disposal of municipal solid waste.

Site selection criteria as per MSW (Handling & Management) Rules, 2000 & SWM

Rules 2016 and Supreme Court Report on SWM are given below:

The landfill site shall be atleast 0.5 kms away from habitation, clusters, forest

area, water bodies, monuments, national parks, wetlands and place of

important cultural, historical and religious interest.

It should not lie in the path of proposed highway or railway alignments.

A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around landfill site and

shall be incorporated in the Town Planning Department’s Land-use plans.

Landfill site shall be away from airport authority including air base.

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Figure 6-1: Landfill site Marked on Google earth map

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Figure 6-2: Layout Processing & Disposal site Mulki

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6.2.1 LOCATION ANALYSIS

The present landfill site at Bappanadu Village is assessed based on the CPHEEO

criteria for selection of landfill site; the analysis is shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1: Siting Criteria Analysis of Bappanadu Landfill

Sl. No Particular Minimum Sitting Criteria

Description

1 Habitation 500m None

2 Rivers, lakes, water bodies

200m None within 200m.

3 Non meandering water (canal,

Drainage etc.)

30 m None

4 Highway or railway line

300 m from centre line None,

5 Coastal regulation zoning

Sanitary Landfill site not

permitted

Not Applicable

6 Earthquake Zone 500 m from fault line

fracture

Site in Zone III as per Earthquake hazard Mapping and falls under Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VII)

Source : Seismic Zones of India Map IS:1893-2002

7 Flood prone area (100 year flood plain)

Sanitary Landfill site not permitted

No

8 Water table Over 2m. below bottom of landfill base liner

30-40 m in the region

9 Airport 20 km Mangalore Airport at approximately 30 km

6.2.2 COMPOST PLANT

Composting is a process of microbial degradation where organic matter is broken

down by a succession of organisms in a warm, moist aerobic environment (controlled

conditions).

Composting is a form of recycling. The composting process of organic waste helps in

decreasing the amount of solid waste that must be sent to a landfill thereby reducing

disposal costs. Composting also yields a valuable product that can be used by

farmers, landscapers, horticulturists, government agencies and property owners as a

soil amendment or mulch. The compost product improves the condition of soil, reduces

erosion and helps suppress plant diseases.

Composting is an age old practice and the word compost is as old as agriculture itself.

The solid wastes of plant and animal origin are utilized for conservation of carbon and

mineralization.

The Compost Production Process

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Composting is a process involving bio-chemical conversion of organic matter into

humus (Lignoproteins) by mesophilic and thermophilic micro organisms. A composting

process seeks to harness the natural forces of decomposition to secure the conversion

of organic waste into organic manure. Composting can be done in two ways:

(a) Aerobic Composting.

(b) Anaerobic Composting.

Aerobic composting is more advantageous than anaerobic composting because of

Rapid decomposition, normally completed within 6 to 8 weeks resulting in

reduction of area required.

Process is exothermic and the heat generated helps in destruction of harmful

pathogens, eggs of disease carrying vectors and nullification of weed seeds.

Production of foul smelling gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide is

minimized.

Nutrients are fairly preserved.

In order to accelerate and control the aerobic composting a specially formulated

biological innoculum will be used to treat the organic waste, which is the key element

in our technology. The innoculum will be subject to continuous improvement in

composition. The processes involved in composting are as follows:

Organic waste is delivered in a windrow.

Biological Inoculums is sprayed on the waste in required quantities

Water is sprayed on the waste or by addition of biological inoculums

Each windrow is turned on 6th and 11th days outside to the center to provide

aeration. This also destroys insect’s larvae.

Turning is carried out manually.

On 16th day windrow is broken down

It is then passed through a screen of about 35mm&16mm square mesh to

remove oversize contrary material

The oversized and heavier particles are sent to landfill for disposal

The under size (-35mm & -16mm) material is send to curing shed for

maturation for 2 to 3 weeks.

The material after curing is send to 4mm perforations fine screen.

Screened compost is to be stored for 30 days to ensure stabilization

The Composting Plant apart from shall be consisting of the following facilities

and components:

Windrow Platform

Curing Shed

Refinement Section

Godown

Note: At present Mulki TP is managing organic waste by Vermi & pit composting method and present capacity is sufficient for the utilization of waste for that reason we do not propose any other technology for the same. We have given windrow design and calculation for the future use.

53 | P a g e

The general requirements of these components are as follows:

Windrow Platform:

Function of the windrow platform is to treat organic waste from the presorting unit to

the windrow platform and the waste will be piled up in a trapezoidal shape with a

height of 2.5. There will be seven rows for each days waste and these rows of waste

will be shifted for every week into the new position. Innoculum will be spread onto the

fresh waste to speed up the degradation of the organic matter. The detention period is

42 days.

Roofing is required to protect from rain

Height clearance of 5.5 m is required for dumping, spreading, mechanical

aeration, and proper ventilation

Concrete platform with proper slope shall be provided to prevent leaching into

the ground and to provide hard surface to facilitate machine movement.

Retention period is 15 days

1.2 to 1.5 m high external brick wall shall be provided to avoid wastes being

blown away by the wind and prevent spillage outside.

The drain will be provided outside the wall. There will be an opening provided

in the bottom of the wall to drain the leachate into the drain. The opening is of

30cm x 20cm size covered by wire mesh structure so that only liquid can pass

through.

Curing Shed and Refining area:

Roofing is required to protect from rain & Sun.



Digested material will be stacked in the curing area for 15 days for further

digestion and maturation of the digested material

Refinement Section:

Roofing is required to protect from rain & Sun

Concrete platform with proper slope shall be provided for workability.

Screen (4mm) rejects material above 4mm and density separator segregates

metals (ferrous and non ferrous), pebbles, sand and all undigested but same

sized contaminants by weight

Godown:



Storage capacity is for 7 days.

Table 6-2: Design Specification of Waste Receiving Platform

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S.No Description Unit 2017 2020 2030

1

Incoming Composting waste into the plant assuming totally biodegradable waste

TPD 7.00 8.00 10.00

2 Storage Duration day 1 1 1

3 Density of MSW ton/cu.m 0.5 0.5 0.5

4 Volume of waste cu.m. 14 16 20

5 Stacking height of waste on receiving platform

m 2.5 2.5 2.5

6 Area required sq.m 5.6 6.4 8.0

7 Additional area for machinery and etc.

sq.m 75.0 100.0 150.0

8 Combined 6+7 sq.m 80.6 106.4 158.0

9 Extra space for working % 25% 25% 25%

10 Total area required sq.m 100.75 133.00 197.50

Table 6-3: Design Specification of Windrow Platform

Sl. No.

Description Unit 2017 2020 2030

1 Incoming waste into the platform TPD 2.80 3.20 4.00

2 Duration of one windrow days 1 1 1

3 Quantity of waste Tons 2.80 3.20 4.00

4 Density of waste ton/cu

m 0.5 0.5 0.5

5 Volume of waste cum 6 6 8

6 Width of windrows m 3 3 3

7 Height of Windrows m 3.0 3.0 3.0

8 Length of Windrows m 0.8 0.9 1.2

9 Number of windrow heaps considering for 21 days

21.0 21.0 21.0

10 Windrow heaps on longer side

7.0 7.0 7.0

11 Windrow heaps on shorter side

3.0 3.0 3.0

12 Distance between adjacent windrows m 3.0 3.0 3.0

13 Spacing from boundary wall m 3.0 3.0 3.0

14 Length for leachate collection m 0.8 0.8 0.8

15 Total Length of windrow platform m 30.6 31.4 33.0

16 Total Width of windrow platform m 22.5 22.5 22.5

17 L:W

1.4 1.4 1.5

18 Area required for platform sqm 688 706 744

19 Extra area for recirculation % 10% 10% 10%

20 Total Plan Area Required sqm 756.3

0 776.8

3 817.9

0

21 Final Width of platform m 23.60 23.60 23.60

22 Final Length of platform m 32.06 32.93 34.67

Table 6-4: Design Specification of Monsoon Platform

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S.No. Description Unit 2017 2020 2030

1 Incoming waste into the shed TPD 1.82 2.08 2.60

2 Duration of one windrow days 1 1 1

3 Quantity of waste Tons 1.82 2.08 2.60

4 Density of waste ton/cum 0.6 0.6 0.6

5 Volume of waste cum 3 3 4

6 Width of windrows m 3 3 3

7 Height of Windrows m 3.0 3.0 3.0

8 Length of Windrows m 0.4 0.5 0.6

9 Windrow heaps considering 14 days

14.0 14.0 14.0

10 Windrow heaps on longer side

7.0 7.0 7.0

11 Windrow heaps on shorter side

2.0 2.0 2.0

12 Distance between adjacent windrows m 3.0 3.0 3.0

13 Spacing from boundary wall m 3.0 3.0 3.0

14 Length in between m 2.0 2.0 2.0

15 Total Width of windrow m 15.0 15.0 15.0

16 Total Length of windrow m 21.1 21.6 22.5

17 L:W

1.4 1.4 1.5

18 Area required for platform sqm 317 324 337

19 Extra area for recirculation

10% 10% 10%

20 Total Area Required sqm 348.90 356.32 371.15

21 Final Width of shed

15.74 15.74 15.74

22 Final Length of shed

22.19 22.67 23.61

Table 6-5: Design Specification of Screening



2 Area for trommel screen and other machinery sqm 25 50 100

3 Total area including (additional area 10%) sqm 27.5 55 110

4 Length : Width

1.2 1.2 1.2

5 Final Width of screening m 4.79 6.78 9.58

6 Final Length of screening m 5.75 8.14 11.50

Curing Shed and Refining area:

Roofing is required to protect from rain & Sun.



Digested material will be stacked in the curing area for 15 days for further

digestion and maturation of the digested material

Table 6-6: Design Specification of Curing

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2 Curing area 1/4 of area for composting sqm 189.07 194.21 204.47

3 Length : Width

2 2 2

4 Final Width of Curing Area m 9.73 9.86 10.12

5 Fianl Length of Curing Area m 19.46 19.72 20.24

Refinement Section:



Screen (4mm) rejects material above 4mm and density separator segregates

metals (ferrous and non ferrous), pebbles, sand and all undigested but same

sized contaminants by weight

Table 6-7: Design Specification of refinement shed



2 Feeder Conveyor and Trommel Screen 4mm sqm 60 60 75

3 Considering additional 20% area sqm 72 72 90

4 Length : Width

2 2 2

5 Final Width m 6.00 6.00 6.71

6 Final Length m 12.00 12.00 13.42

Table 6-8: Design Specification of Bailer Area

Sl. No


1 Incoming Waste for Bailing TPD 1.40 1.60 2.00

2 Density of Waste before bailing tons/cum 0.5 0.5 0.5

3 Number of days stored days 3 3 3

4 Total waste to be stored tons 4.20 4.80 6.00

5 Volume required to store un baled material cum 8.40 9.60 12.0

6 Height of Storage m 3 3 3

7 Area for storing un baled material sqm 2.80 3.20 4.00

8 Density of Waste after bailing tons/cum 0.8 0.8 0.8

9 Number of days stored days 10 10 10

10 Total waste to be stored tons 14.00 16.00 20.00

11 Volume required to store bailed material cum 17.50 20.00 25.00

12 Height of Storage m 3 3 3

13 Area for storing bailed material sqm 5.83 6.67 8.33

14 Total Area sqm 8.63 9.87 12.33

15 Area for baler machine sqm 10.00 10.00 12.00

16 total area including Additional area for working space

sqm 22.36 23.84 29.20

17 L:B 2.00 2.00 2.00

18 Breadth 3.35 3.50 3.90

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Sl. No


19 Length 6.70 7.00 7.80

Note: Above Design of Windrow composting is for future reference

Figure 6-3: Typical arrangement for Windrows

6.2.3 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR COMPOST

Processing of Municipal Solid Waste would be undertaken to ensure that the compost

produced after such Processing is reckoned as being Fit for Sale The sampling

procedure for compost testing is as set out below. The compost proposed to be sold

shall be placed in at least ten heaps of almost equivalent size. One random sample

from each of these heaps shall be taken. Such random samples shall then be

thoroughly mixed and a single random sample taken and tested. In case the

composition of this single random sample satisfies the criteria set out in the table given

below shall be certified as being “Fit for Sale”. Apart from the regular procedure we

ensure the samples thus collected are also analyzed in the authorized test houses

periodically.

Table 6-9: Performance standard of Compost

S. No Description Standards

1 Moisture percentage by weight

15.0-25.0

2 Colour Dark Brown or Black

3 Odour Absence of foul odour

4 Particle size Max. 90% material should pass through 4.0 mm IS Sieve

5 Bulk Density 0.7-0.9

6 Total Organic Carbon, percent by weight minimum

16.0

7 Total Nitrogen (as N), 0.5

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S. No Description Standards

percent by weight minimum

8 Total Phosphates (as P2O5) percent by weight minimum

0.5

9 Total Potash (K2O) percent by weight minimum

1.0

10 C N Ratio 20:1 or less

11 pH 6.5-7.5

12 Conductivity (as dsm-1) not more than

4.0

13 Pathogens Nil

14 Heavy Metal content (as mg/Kg) percent by weight, maximum

15 Arsenic (as As2O3) 10.00

16 Cadmium (as Cd) 5.00

17 Chromium (as Cr) 50.00

18 Copper (as Cu) 300.00

19 Mercury (as Hg) 0.15

20 Nickel (as Ni) 50.00

21 Lead (as Pb) 100.0

22 Zinc (as Zn) 1000.00

6.3 LANDFILL SITE

Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other wastes

those are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall

also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing

rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided

unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing. Under unavoidable

circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land filling can be done following

proper norms. The existing land filling is sufficient for future use. The dimension of

existing land fill is 30m X 15m.

6.3.1 LEACHATE TREATMENT

The treatment process (Physical and biological processes) should be adopted in such

a way that it should meet the disposal standards. However the same will be re-visited

during the execution of the project to ascertain its suitability which depends on the

actual quantity of leachate generated and also its quality.

Sources of Leachate generation from the project are as follows:

Waste receiving platform

Composting Windrow Area

Landfill

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Fresh MSW received at the composting facility will generate leachate during decaying

process at the windrow yard. Leachate generation will be maximum during the first

week of decomposition. It may range between 25 to 30 litre per mt per day for the first

week. This leachate will be collected and used for spraying back on to the heaps for

composting. Leachate generated from second week onwards will get evaporated due

to exothermic reactions of composting. Hence main activity for leachate collection and

treatment will be at the waste receiving facility, new landfill & capping facility.

The leachate generated in the landfill site shall be treated to meet the standards as per

Environmental (Protection) Rules 1986. An anaerobic tank and an aerobic tank

followed by filtration system are proposed for the treatment of the leachate generated

in the site. The designs of these tanks are shown in Fig 6-4.

Figure 6-4: Schematic picture of leachate pond

6.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT

FACILITY

It is important to formalize and document the record keeping procedures as well as

waste acceptance procedures to be followed at the landfill site.

6.4.1 RECORD KEEPING

As per the Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management by CPHEEO, 2016,

records of the various activities shall be kept on daily, weekly and monthly basis.

6.4.2 SITE REPORT

The daily, weekly and monthly reports shall comprise of the following:

Weighbridge data (daily inflow and outflow for each vehicle).

Waste inspection data (daily)

Materials, stores etc. (daily)

Bills/ accounts ( daily )

Visitor record (daily)

Complaints record from nearby areas (daily)

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Photographic record at operating phase (weekly)

Environmental monitoring data ( monthly)

Waste filling plan and actual progress i.e. cell construction (monthly) and

review (quarterly).

Weather / climatic data (extreme events)

Accidents etc.

Others

6.4.3 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS AT LANDFILL SITE

Land filling & composting activity shall be the responsibility of Mulki TP Authorities.

Table-6-10 indicates no. of staff required for operation and maintenance of compost

plant and sanitary landfill.

Table 6-10: Manpower Requirement for Compost plant and Sanitary Landfill

S. No.

Designation/Post Nos. Area of Services

1 Watchman 1 To prevent entry of unauthorized persons, stray animals, safe guard the landfill site and compost plant

2 Skilled Labour 1 Maintenance of compost plant

3 Unskilled Labours 2 For spay of bio-culture in windrow, sorting out recyclable waste, spreading and leveling of waste

Total 4

6.5 CLOSURE COST OF LANDFILL

Table 6-11: Details of Sanitary Landfill Closure cost

Sl.No COST ESTIMATE FOR SCIENTIFIC CLOSURE (PRESENT COST)

1 Barrier soil layer

Cum. 1.00 Area= 585.00 0.60 351.00 450.00 157,950.00

2 Providing drainage layer

Cum. 1.00 Area= 585.00 0.15 87.75 150.00 13,162.50

3 Providing vegetative layer

Cum. 1.00 Area= 585.00 0.45 263.25 300.00 78,975.00

4 Providing grass/bushes

Sqm. 1.00 Area= 585.00

200.00 117,000.00

TOTAL 367,087.50

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7 PROJECT COST OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

7.1 PROJECT COSTING

The cost estimates for integrated solid waste management system is worked out

based on the detailed study and assessment of the MSW management operations at

Mulki TP. The existing infrastructure available with the TP has been taken into account

and costing for up-gradation of the system is worked out. The additional investments

thus required to increase the efficiency of the system and to meet the norms

prescribed by the MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 & SWM Rules 2016.

The cost has been estimated for year 2017, i.e. immediate requirement. The capital

cost for immediate requirement is for following components;

Capital cost for primary waste collection and transportation- Equipment’s and

vehicles for the year

Compost plant for the first phase

7.2 COSTING OF COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE

TABLE 7-1: Costing of collection and transportation vehicle

Sr.No. Description Unit Quantity Unit

Rate

Amount

(2017) in

lakh Rs.

A COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION

1 Bolero nos 2 7.15 14.30



Total 27.41

7.2.1 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE FOR COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION

The capital expenditure for the collection and transportation includes the costing for

door to door collection from households and commercial establishments.

Table 7-2: Capital Expenditure for Collection and Transportation

Sr.No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate

Amount

(2017) in

lakh Rs.

A COLLECTION & TRANSPORTATION

1 Bolero nos 2 7.15 14.30



4 GPS nos 5 5221 0.26


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7.2.2 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE FOR PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

The capital expenditure for the processing and disposal facility includes the various

components of processing viz. Processing shed, processing machinery, vehicles and

equipments required for waste disposal also the allied infrastructure at the site.

Table 7-3: Capital Expenditure for Processing and Disposal

Sr.No. Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate

Amount (2017) in lakh Rs.

A TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

1 Hopper with Conveyor Belt

nos 1 6 6.00

2 Screener (4 mm) nos 1 16.75 16.75

3 Baling Unit nos 1 1.75 1.75

4 Shredding machine nos 1 7 7.00

5 JCB nos 1 17.96 17.96

6 Dry Waste Centre sq.m

5.61

7 Windrow Platform sq.m 200

24.77

8 Weighbridge Cabin nos 1

3.060

9 Weigh bride nos 1

5.61

10 Admin charges nos

0.70

11 Household Bin nos 11600 150 17.40

Total 106.61

7.2.3 O&M EXPENDITURE:

O&M parameters include the fuel and maintenance of vehicles, and other incidental

expenditure. The O&M expenditure for the collection and operation phase for the year

2017 is shown in below table.

Table 7-4: Operation & Maintenance cost

Sl. No. Components No. of Units Basis Annual O & M Cost (In Lakhs)

1 Mini-tipper 1

Maintenance cost @ 5% of vehicle cost

0.60

Operation Cost- Fuel @ 5 km/liter and travel 20 km/day

0.88


2 Bolero 4

Maintenance cost @ 5% of vehicle cost

1.44

Operation Cost- Fuel @ 6 km/liter and travel 24 km/day

3.50


3 JCB 1 Maintenance cost @ 5% of

vehicle cost 0.75

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Sl. No. Components No. of Units Basis Annual O & M Cost (In Lakhs)

Operation Cost- Fuel @ 5 liter/hr and works 2 hr

2.19


4 Consumables like

grease & oil Lump Sum 0.40

5 Electricity Cost at

Landfill site Consumption of around 35 units

per day at price of Rs.8 per unit 0.73

6 Admin Charge Lump Sum 0.12

Total 11.20

7.2.4 PRESENT O&M EXPENDITURE

O&M parameters include the fuel and maintenance of vehicles, and other incidental

expenditure. The O&M expenditure for the collection and operation phase for the year

2017 is shown in below table.

Table 7-5: Operation & Maintenance cost

Sl. No. Components No. of Units Annual O & M Cost

(In Lakhs)

1 Auto tippers 2

6.00 2 Tractors 1

3 Bolero/407 2

6.00

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8 INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC)

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The management of municipal solid waste has become an acute problem due to

enhanced economic activities and rapid urbanization. Hence more awareness and

community participation is of much importance for the resolution of issues involved.

Environmental issues are best handled through participation of all direct and indirect

stakeholders. Public awareness, community participation, transparent and clean

administration with accountability at all levels can only bridge the gap of governance in

waste management and issues pertaining to successful management of waste. In this

regard IEC activity has a major role to play and when it is organized in a systemic way

it can bring about desired results.

Though there is some awareness among the citizens concerning certain aspects of

MSWMS, there is further need for enhancement of information and knowledge about

waste reduction, reuse, recycling, segregation of waste at source into biodegradable

and non biodegradable etc. Change has to affect the cognitive and behavioral pattern

of each citizen, if the goal of MSWMS is to be achieved. This awakens the need for

sustained targeted messages relevant to the ongoing project to be imparted to the

citizens through various methods for improving cleanliness in the surroundings and for

enhancing a better quality of life.

8.2 OBJECTIVES OF IEC STUDY

Rapid assessment of the status of SWM in the Mulki TP area

To assess the awareness level of stakeholders with regard to SWM

To understand the behavioural pattern of the waste generators in disposing

waste

To know the stakeholders expectations from the SWM Project and willingness

to pay for the services provided

8.3 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SITUATION

Rapid assessment of the existing solid waste management in Mulki ULB to identify key

community behavior patterns that could aid or impede implementation of the plan was

done through the following methods.

8.3.1 COLLECTION OF BASELINE DATA

Developing a format for collection of baseline data from the primary and

secondary source i.e. Mulki ULB office, census data 2011, which include

population distribution, literacy rates, availability of educational institutions,

social groups etc.

Verifying the data during field visit.

8.3.2 DISCUSSION WITH PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES

Detailed Discussion with ULB three concerned officials (Chief Officer, Health

Inspector, and Community Organizer) and seven Peoples Representatives

(Corporator) taking into consideration their experience with regard to project

implementation.

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Figure 8-1: Consultation Meeting with SHG Representatives, ULB Officials

8.3.3 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD)

Identification of groups for FGD such as representatives of

SHGs/RWA/Teachers.

8.3.4 PERSONAL INTERVIEWS

Selection of HHs, teachers ,PKs and ward councillors for interview

Interview with 4 households near Bus stand area& Jattipalla Road, who are

beneficiaries of services and experience of 1 PK, 2 councillors who receive as

well as deliver services

8.3.5 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SITE

Physical investigation of the site areas such as TP, town market place, town

commercial establishments etc.

8.4 FINDINGS DERIVED FROM VISITS AND MEETINGS

Following are the viewpoints emerged during discussions, meetings, interviews with

various stakeholders such as ULB Officials, ward councilors, SHG representatives,

teachers, PKs and households as well as observation made during site visits.

During the discussions the concerned ULB officials revealed that the office has

made few attempts to create awareness among the general public on MSWM

project through printing and distribution of Pamphlets; organizing cleanliness

drive at ward level, market place, bus stand on the occasion of Gandhi Jayanthi

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celebration; Jaatha programme and competitions involving the school children;

placement of hoardings on main bus stop, cross road and ULB office; etc.

In the market place shop owners are aware of the segregation of waste but

strict adherence to rule is not found.

Most people are aware that segregation of waste as wet and dry and hand over

only to waste collectors;

Surroundings are not found clean specially B.C Road area as this is a web of

commercial establishment;

Payment of service fee collected by the service providers per households at the

rate of Rs.30/ and for commercial establishments Rs.60/ and others as per

their business.

Organic waste is yet to be processed into compost by the households.

Interaction with SHG and house hold members brought to our knowledge that

People are not that happy about the collection of waste from households,

commercial establishments, and market places.

The PKs also expressed their dissatisfaction over the non cooperation received

from the waste generators in terms of segregating waste especially plastics at

source.

Since in this TP jurisdiction lot of floating population, during late night some

residents still dump the waste in such places which is an indication that change

in behavior only will bring about desired result.

No open defecation is observed as each household has toilets. Public toilet

maintained in the bus stand.

There is general opinion among all the stakeholders, that some action or ban

needs to be initiated with regard to usage/production of plastics, also penalizing

power to ULB officials for those litters in open places and for those do not

segregate waste.

Owners and Workers of commercial establishments need to be more educated

on MSW. It is also observed that not much awareness on 4R principle of MSW.

8.5 DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

Though a certain amount of awareness has come among the people on the

segregation of waste, the future IEC activities need to focus more on the 3R Principle,

viz. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle; sustainability of MSWMS, effect of inefficient

management of solid waste on human health and environment etc. This message has

to reach every nook and corner of the ULB wards keeping in view the long time impact

of the project on each individual and environment. Already organized IEC activities,

also need more reinforcement in order to ensure that messages reach each

household/commercial establishments through educational institutions, SHG

members, auto drivers’ union, religious institutions/associations, social clubs/groups

etc. having systemic programs to different target groups .

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8.5.1 TARGET AUDIENCE

The messages on MSW required to be communicated to the various target groups.

They are divided into primary group who generate waste and secondary group through

whom messages can be reached to larger audience. Some of the approaches one can

use communicate the messages on MSW include the following:

Table 8-1: Target Audience for IEC

Primary Group Secondary Target Group

Households Associations and SHG’s and Auto Drivers Union, Religious Institutions (Temples, Churches, Mosque,

Owners and workers of commercial and institutional establishments

RWAs, and NGOs

School/ college students Teachers, Teachers- Parents Associations

Vegetable Markets , Meat shops, Hotels and catering

Local leaders/ Corporators (Councilors)

Service Providers-ULB officials, Contractors

8.5.2 IEC ACTIVITIES

Doing IEC per se, will not bring about behavioral changes among the waste generators

and service providers, systematic targeted messages given through proper

communication channels and constant monitoring will help in the effective

implementation of the MSW program.

While the existing IEC activities will need to be continued further to strengthen the

impact for the sustainability of the project few more are recommend as follows:

Print Media

Developing Brochures, Pamphlets, Posters, and Hoardings on the 3R Principle:

Printed educational materials focusing more on the 3R Principle, viz. Reduce,

Reuse and Recycle that can be used for literates or semi literates and they

may be distributed among Households(HHs) , Shop Owners, Offices, and

Commercial Establishments.

Posters can be displayed with good photographs and short messages in

various parts of the city. Pamphlets and handouts should be in simple language

indicating action parts with photographs.

Area specific messages through hoardings should be displayed on roads,

markets, mosques, churches, temples, schools, colleges, hospitals,

Government institutions, ensuring easy readability and visibility.

Publicity through News Papers:

More information on the process of implementation of MSWMP, views of

people, can be published in local news papers which will be circulated not only

in their own ULB but in other ULBs of DK District.

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Mass Media

Cable net work:

Publicity through television channels and local cable net work may be

introduced.

Social Media & Internet:

The existing website facility can be upgraded with a link ‘new initiative’ can be

introduced on climate change, waste management, 3Rs etc. Text

messages/SMS/Emails/what’s app is the innovative methods one can reach

target groups.

Digital display on B.C Road Area

ULB can erect a digital display screens in some of the main junctions of BC

Road area. Some messages on different aspect of MSW may be displayed

through songs /skit play/puppet show/announcements/pictorial form etc

Community Awareness Events

Organizing Rallies and Clean Up Drive in the wards through SHGs:

Each ward has number of SHGs. Rallies and clean up drive can be organized

through various Self Help Groups including school children of that ward led by

ward councilor to spread the message of MSWMS

Celebration of Major Occasions:

The TP office should take more interest by sending circulars to all the

institutions, to ensure that on all major occasions and festivals such as

Environment Day, Earth Day, Independence Day, Children’s Day,

School/College Day, Teachers Day, Women’s Day, Republic Day and during

Parents-Teachers Meet, messages of various components of Municipal Waste

Management are conveyed through skits plays or by inviting resource persons

to speak on the subject.

Presently almost all the schools are having various kinds of extra-curricular

activities such as eco club, sports club etc. Students should be encouraged on

such occasions to display messages on 4 R principle of MSW. Children are

good transmitters of messages to their families. Hence educating children on

clean and green environment, training them to use recycled products such as

paper, will enhance the cause.

Organizing School/ College Programs:

Each school and colleges organize Parents-teachers meet on various

occasions. During these occasions messages on MSWS can be spread

through various IEC tools.

Children are the good transmitters of messages to their families hence educate

them on clean and green environment, train them to use recycled products

such as papers.

Door to Door Awareness and Motivation Program:

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Though there is some level of awareness among the citizens with regard to

segregating and giving away waste only to waste collectors, segregating of

waste at the source is not yet up to the expected level. Hence door to door

awareness needs to be continued by involving more SHGs, educational

institutions, religious leaders etc. This is the best method to educate the

community on composting of organic waste by utilizing improved and proven

easy to use technology (Pipe Composting System if proven environment

friendly/viable ) during which time people come in contact with each HHs,

provide feedback, ask questions and clear their doubts. Sometimes even

individual grievances can be resolved. Demonstration can be held on

composting of organic waste through the environment friendly technology

during house visits.

Kitchen garden also to be propagated, using organic manure. During this time

colour buckets with TP tag can be distributed for poor households or small

tins/buckets sold while giving explanation concerning their use. This bucket

distribution program and pipe composting system may be done in collaboration

with various Social Groups/ Clubs/ Organizations/ companies/ Offices/ Malls/

Business establishments, etc.

Street Play, Kalajathas (musical/dance drama), Puppet shows:

Messages also can be conveyed through these traditional tools concerning

segregation of waste at source, garbage reduction, waste recycling, reduction

in plastic usage in daily life, method of composting and usage, effect on the

environment and on public health system due to inefficient management of

Solid waste, improved health and hygiene practices and a need for

stakeholders’ participation in the project etc. This is a powerful tool to convey

any message.

Open Forums:

Once in six months Open Forums can be organized by ULB officials and ward

councilor in each locality to elicit views of the community, collect feedback, and

for rectification of mistakes, so that all the vulnerable section of the society

including women get an opportunity to raise their concerns.

Capacity Building Programs

Skill Training and Sharing of Good Practices:

Each TP has formed SHGs under the National Urban Livelihood Mission

program. They have been given skill training on various economic activities

during which time training may be provided with regard to composting of

biodegradable waste, vermin composting, and usage of advanced technology

for treatment. RWAs, Waste collectors, Scrap Dealers and various interested

stakeholders can be part of the training. Some good practices that can be

replicated in their areas for better results of managing MSW may be shared

during these activities and training.

For key Officials of TP, Ward councilors, all those who are directly involved and

having greater responsibility towards the effective implementation of the

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project, with the help of experienced resource persons a two day special

training may be organized with regard to new technologies adapted in the

management of waste.

Exposure visits can be organized to those ULBs within or outside Karnataka

who have demonstrated successful managing of MSWMP.

Orientation, Education and Meetings for MSWMP Workers

One day orientation program may be organized for Poura karmikas who are

hired by outsourced agencies for door-to-door collection of segregated waste

and transporting the unmixed waste during primary and secondary

transportation to processing and disposal site, the need to wear personal

protection equipment, namely, uniform, fluorescent jacket, hand gloves,

appropriate foot wear and masks for handling MSW.

Weekly or bi-monthly meetings should be held with all supervisors, PKs and

drivers of waste collecting vehicles, contractors, waste collectors at dump yards

in order to address all the issues they face while discharging their duties

concerning MSW Program.

These workers can be provided with regular health checkup, link up with social

welfare schemes of TP in order to have continuity in the job since frequent

change of personnel also affects the effectiveness of waste collection process.

Linkages with other Social Welfare Scheme of the Government

Under NULM Project there are various schemes available for individual or for

self help groups to take up economic activities. If possible these SHGs or

individuals may be encouraged to take MSW program for collection or

segregation or processing of wet waste by providing them necessary training

and marketing link.

Other Innovative Ideas

Awards for Best practices:

Competitions among Residents/Wards: Those composting wet waste and use

the same for their gardens, those keeping the wards, markets, commercial

establishments clean and tidy, and Associations/SHG’s participating actively in

the project may be given some recognition during national festivals, other

cultural and religious celebrations or on other important occasions as well as

while holding healthy competitions among various stakeholders.

Involvement of Religious/Spiritual Leaders:

They can play a very important role in propagating messages for proper solid

waste management, i.e. on Sundays and feast days when Christian families

gather for prayer in various churches. Local temples and mosques also will

have their major festivals to celebrate. These occasions and opportunities can

be used to convey messages of MSWM by adapting various IEC tools.

Selection of NGO for Implementation of IEC Activities

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For the effective implementation of IEC activities an efficient NGO or an

experienced Group would be identified and agreement has to be reached

between respective ULB and IEC implementing agency. In order to evaluate

their activities in terms of its effectiveness a social audit committee can be

formed or existing monitoring if any in ULB can be given an additional

responsibility.

Check list for IEC activity is given in Appendix 9.

Formation of Social Audit Committee

Social Audit Committee members can be drawn from among the program

stakeholders, such as representatives of ward councilors, SHG members,

active retired persons, senior citizens, ULB Officials etc, to review service

providers activities, view points, making commitments on changes and

agreement on future action as recommended by the stakeholders. This

encourages transparency and accountability in program implementation.

8.6 EXPECTED OUTCOME/RESULTS OF THE IEC

Segregation of waste by 100% at source by waste generators into

biodegradable (wet), non-biodegradable (dry) and special category waste.

Efficient redress of grievance mechanism will be in place.

Increased number of people composting the organic waste and developing

kitchen garden.

Effective monitoring system will be in place and all will benefit from the

improved services resulting in lesser number of complaints.

Increased participation of various groups in primary collection of waste.

Stoppage of littering in open spaces, water bodies, drains and on streets.

Reduction in the usage of polythene bags and increased usage of carry bags

made of cloth/ paper.

Improvement in health and hygiene and the reduction of day by day cases of

fever, jaundice, diarrhea.

Increase in the number of people willing to pay user fee.

8.7 SUSTAINABILITY/WAY FORWARD OF THE PROGRAM

Enhanced economic activities and rapid urbanization is part of any city and town and is

a continuous process. Hence management of solid waste will remain an acute

problem in the future as it is today for all urban local bodies. Well planned strategies

will help the TP to manage the MSW program and concerned issues more effectively.

One effective strategy can be under the leadership of federating all the SHG groups,

likeminded and interested groups, individuals, media personnel to take the programs

forward with innovative ideas/programs based on the need felt from time to time

8.8 BUDGET FOR IEC ACTIVITIES

The lump sum budget for conducting IEC activities to spread awareness for efficient

Solid waste Management practices in Mulki including segregation of waste, non-

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littering practices etc will be about Rs 6,00,000 (six lakhs) to cover all the household of

the TP.

Table 8-2: IEC cost

Sl. No. Components of SWM Budget Allocation

1 NGO Payment 50000

2 Expenditure on IEC Materials like Booklets, Banners, Posters, Pamphlets, Hoardings etc. 200000

3 Advertisement in cable TV, News papers and for Bulk SMS etc 100000

4 Conducting SWM Competitions for Schools & Colleges/PK’s Children 100000

5 Workshops & Trainings 50000

6 Projector & Screen for training 50000

7 For refreshments to the participants 50000

TOTAL 600,000

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9 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

9.1 ROLE OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS

Effective provision of MSW management services would require co-ordinated effort by

various stakeholders. The stakeholders in the project comprise RWAs, ULBs, citizens,

and private operators. The roles of each stakeholder are presented in the matrix below

presented as Table 9-1.

Table 9-1: Roles of Stakeholders

Stakeholder Role

Citizens Carry out segregation of waste at household level

Handover the segregated waste to the primary collection crew at the pre-notified time

Pay user fee for the door-to-door collection service offered

Avoid throwing of waste on streets

Private Operator Carry out their roles and responsibilities as per the contractual arrangement between them and TP.

Ensure that the MSW is handled in the manner set out in the contractual arrangement and is not disposed in any other manner whatsoever.

Obtain compliance certificate from the authorities concerned

TP Set out MSW Management Plan

Monitor the works being performed by the private operator

Ensure compliance by RWAs and citizens

Make payments to the private operator

9.1.1 CITIZENS

Participation of citizens in efficient disposal of MSW is vital as it would reduce the

environmental impact and help in enhancing the cleanliness and hygiene of the city.

The functions that need to be carried out by the citizens are set out below:

Households

The citizens would need to carry out segregation of waste at the household level and

hand over the segregated waste to the primary collection crew at the pre-notified time.

For availing this service, the citizens shall pay a monthly user fee. Unhygienic disposal

of waste on streets would need to be avoided by the citizens.

Bulk generators

Bulk generators like hotels, commercial establishments, function halls etc. would need

to dispose the waste thorough primary collection crew at the pre-notified time. Other

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bulk generators like Choultry (Marriage) halls would need to dispose the waste in the

secondary collection vehicles.

9.1.2 MULKI TOWN PANCHAYATH (TP)

TP shall select the private operator based on the contractual agreement and monitor

the functions carried out by the private operator. TP shall also coordinate with RWAs in

collection and transportation of MSW. TP shall ensure the private operator performs

the daily task of waste collection and transportation from all the sources and also pay

the private operator for the services rendered in collection, transportation and disposal

of the waste generated.

9.2 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK

The provision of MSW management services in the city could be carried out under any

of the two options set out below.

Figure 9-1: Implementation options

The advantages of a PPP framework include:

Private sector stake in project which guarantees their commitment to economic

efficiency while serving the public interest

Equitable risk allocation with reduced level of risk for Government and

taxpayers for a rate of return to the private investor

Access to latest technology and enhanced efficiency

Better customer focus and delivery

Access to broader funding sources

Option 1 – Service delivery by TP

Under this option, the two distinct activities, with respect to collection & transportation

of MSW and treatment & disposal of MSW, would need to be undertaken by TP in the

following manner.

a. Collection and transportation of MSW

MSW Management in

Mulki

Option-1

Service Delivery by TP

Option-2

Service Delivery by

Private Operator

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Procure tools/ equipment and vehicles such as auto tippers, pushcarts,

secondary containers, dumper placers and etc. for collection and transportation

of MSW

Hire manpower for carrying out the activities envisaged

b. Treatment and disposal of MSW

Select a contractor to undertake rehabilitation of the compost facility and

develop the landfill facility

Hire skilled manpower for carrying out the operations and management of the

developed facilities

Option 2 –Service delivery through private operator(s) with TP playing the role of a

facilitator

Increasingly, MSW management activities are being privatized in different cities, with

the ULBs assuming the role of a facilitator. PSP is increasingly being viewed as a

solution for providing efficient MSW management services, by many ULBs. There exist

different options for implementation of the project under PPP frameworks.

In this option, implementation of MSWM would be undertaken by ASM / private

operator(s). The private operator(s) would need to carry out their roles and

responsibilities as per the contractual agreement signed with TP. The involvement of

private operator(s) in various stages in the MSW management chain is detailed below.

Primary Collection

Primary Collection of MSW from the households would be carried out by ULB staff or

ULB appointed agencies. The ULB could either utilize the services of Self Help Groups

or select private operator(s) for collection of MSW. The private operators would be

responsible for door to door collection of waste from the households and transferring

the same to the secondary containers from where it would be transported to the

treatment/ disposal facility. The private operators would be responsible for

identification of collection crew, procurement of tools/ equipment/ vehicles by utilizing

the funds provided by TP and operation & maintenance of the same. The ULB/private

operators would be required to collect the user charges from the households for

provision of door to door collection services and would be required to meet the O&M

expenses within the revenue generated from user charges.

Transportation of MSW

TP would identify private operator(s) for carrying out this activity. The transportation

vehicles and other equipment would be procured by the private operator(s) who would

also be responsible for O&M of the same. The funds required for procurement would

be provided by TP and the duration of service agreement (between TP and the private

operator) would be co-terminus with the age of the vehicles. The private operator

would also be required to make arrangements for parking its vehicles.

Treatment and landfill facility

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TP would identify private operator(s) for rehabilitation of the existing compost facility

and development of landfill facility.

A comparative analysis of the risks associated in an event of implementation of the two

options discussed above is set out in the table below

Table 9-2: Risk Analysis for Implementation options

Options Parameter Impact

Service Delivery by TP

Manpower Recruitment & management of operational staff by TP

Skill Set TP would need to appoint technical consultants for developing a strategy for integrated MSW management and for design and construction of MSW treatment & disposal facilities. TP would also be required to hire skilled manpower to operate and maintain the treatment and disposal facilities.

Service Delivery Since payments to operational staff are not performance based and often their motivation levels are low, this could affect the level of service delivery.

Finances TP would need to mobilize finances for procurement of tools / equipment and vehicles and for development of treatment and disposal facilities.

Project work The projects related risks such as design risk, cost overrun risk, time risks etc. and adherence to applicable laws would be retained by TP.

Service delivery

by private operators

Manpower TP would need only supervisory staff as the private operator would be responsible for deployment of staff for providing MSW management services.

Skill Set The onus of providing skilled manpower would be with private operator.

Service Delivery As the payment to the operator would be made subsequent to demonstration by him of adherence to performance standards specified by TP, the service delivery levels would be high.

Finances The private operator would need to mobilize finances for procurement of tools/ equipment and vehicles and

77 | P a g e

Options Parameter Impact

for development of treatment and disposal facilities.

Project work The projects related risks such as design risk, cost overrun risk, time risks etc. and adherence to applicable laws would be retained by private operator.

Under Option 1, TP would not only retain all the project related risks and be required to

raise finances for undertaking the project, but would also need to monitor and manage

the operational staff. In contrast, if TP implements the project under Option 2, it would

need to appoint private sector operators and recruit only sector specialists for

overseeing their activities.

In view of the local situation, and from the point of view of effective implementation of

SWM in the city, Option 2 is more suitable for Mulki. Implementation as per Option 2

would ensure utilization of area based resources and private operator(s) in such a mix

as to bring in more accountability to the citizens while making monitoring of service

delivery easier for TP.

78 | P a g e

10 FINANCIAL MODEL

10.1 PROJECT FINANCING STRUCTURING PLAN

The total cost for the project comes around Rs 134.28 Lakhs. The component wise

distribution of the capital cost is given in Table

Table 10-1: CAPEX per Annum

Sr. No. Component CAPEX Per Annum in

Lakhs Rs.

1 Collection & Transportation 27.67

2 Processing & Disposal 106.61

Total 134.28

The operation and maintenance cost for the year 2017 is Rs. 82.51 Lakhs. The

component wise Operation and Maintenance cost is shown in below Table.

Table 10-2: OPEX per Annum

Sl.

No. Components

Annual Cost (Rs.

lakhs)

O & M Cost Per

Ton per Day

1 Labour cost (Permanent +

Outsource) 69.82

Rs. 2920.60

2 Fuel Cost 6.57

3 AMC Cost of Vehicles &

Machineries 4.2

4 Power Cost 0.73


6 Others 0.69

Total 82.51

10.1.1 FUNDS FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

The total capital cost for the proposed project is Rs. 134.28 Lakhs. The contribution

various from the respective sources is as follows:

Table 10-3: Funding Distribution for SWM Plan

Sr. No.

Component % contribution Cost (in Lakhs)



3 ULB Share 53.3% 56.00

Total 134.28

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10.2 TOTAL REVENUE GENERATED

The revenue generation is considered from three sources i.e. revenue from user

charges, sale of compost, sale of dry waste.

10.2.1 REVENUE FROM SALE OF PRODUCTS

The major products obtained from the processing of the waste are compost, dry waste

and proposed revenue for the year 2018.

Table 10-4: Revenue from sale of Compost & Recyclable waste

Sl.N

Particulars Incoming

waste in TPD End Product

TPD Percent of Sale

Rate Amount/ Annual

1 Compost 6.6 0.6 70% 2500 383250

2 Recyclable

s 6.6 0.99 80% 300 86724

Total 469974

10.2.2 REVENUE FROM USER CHARGES

The user charges collection from households and commercial areas is a source of

revenue generation. TP has passed a resolution with following levied charges for

house hold and commercial shops.

Table 10-5: Revenue from user charges

Sl. No

Waste generators

No of generators

Collection Percentage

Rate per year

Amount/ annum

1 Household 5800 90% 360 1879200

2 Kalyan mantap 6 100% 3000 18000

3 Market 2 100% 1000 2000

4 General store 52 100% 300 15600

5 Chicken Shop 28 100% 300 8400

6 Mutton shop 1 100% 300 300

7 Fancy 52 100% 300 15600

8 Bakery 15 100% 600 9000

9 Ice cream parlor 18 100% 600 10800

10 Juice Shop 28 100% 600 16800

11 Welding Shop 12 100% 300 3600

12 Industries 60 100% 300 18000

13 Tailoring Shop 58 100% 500 29000

14 Hardware 26 100% 300 7800

15 4 wheeler service

shop 11 100% 300 3300

16 Bar & Restaurant 4 100% 3000 12000

17 Wine shop 6 100% 1000 6000

80 | P a g e

Sl. No

Waste generators

No of generators

Collection Percentage

Rate per year

Amount/ annum

18 Book stall 8 100% 300 2400

19 Hotel 64 100% 600 38400

20 Cloth Shop 32 100% 300 9600

21 Vegetable shop 76 100% 600 45600

22 Super bazaar 6 100% 600 3600

23 Canteen 34 100% 300 10200

24 Slipper Shop 12 100% 300 3600

25 Medical shop 21 100% 300 6300

26 Flower Shop 8 100% 300 2400

27 Sofa Making 6 100% 300 1800

28 Fish shop 4 100% 300 1200

29 Cyber Center 18 100% 300 5400

30 Mobile repair 23 100% 300 6900

31 Studio 9 100% 300 2700

32 Saloon 11 100% 600 6600

33 Beauty Parlor 7 100% 600 4200

Total 2206300


10.2.3 TOTAL REVENUE FROM ALL SOURCES

The lakhs revenue will be considered for ULB from all the sources and represented

below

Table 10-6: Revenue generation

Sl No Revenue Component Revenue in lakhs

1 Household & Commercial Shops

22.06

2 Compost Sale 3.83

3 Recyclable Sale 0.87

4 Worker wages from SFC Grant 75%

44.46

Total 71.22

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Figure 10-1: Graphical Representation of Revenue generation

10.3 COST RECOVERY OF THE PROJECT

Table 10-7: Cost Recovery Model


2018 2019 2020 2021 2022


82.50 86.63 90.96 95.51 100.28



0.87 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.21


22.06 25.37 29.18 35.01 43.77


44.46 46.68 49.01 51.46 54.04




31%

5%

1%

63%

Revenue Generation

Household & Commercial Shops

Compost Sale

Recyclabe Sale

Worker wages from SFC Grant 75%

82 | P a g e

11 PROCESSING & HANDLING OF OTHER WASTE

11.1 E WASTE

As people’s lifestyle benefited from Electronics & Electrical gadgets, it also came with

bane called E waste. Though, in India, the problem is not that significant, as the

tendency is to reuse the working old electronics and electrical items, E-Waste contains

several different substances and chemicals, many of which are toxic and are likely to

create adverse impact on environment and health, if not handled properly. Bulk

generators like industries, institutes and organizations have the proper disposal of E

waste through KSPCB authorized processors.

As per the status report submitted by Research Unit (Larrdis) Rajya Sabha Secretariat,

New Delhi in 2011, E waste contains of about 50% Iron and steel, followed by plastics

(21%), non-ferrous metals (13%) and other constituents. Non-ferrous metals consist of

metals like copper, aluminium and precious metals like silver, gold, platinum, palladium

and so on.

As per a review paper, “Status of E-waste in India- A review” published by Mahesh et

al, in International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and

Technology, the per capita e-waste generation in India is 1kg/year. With this estimate,

Mulki generates around 183.0 T of E waste per year. Though most of it will reach to

unorganised scrap vendors and hardly 4-5% of household E scrap mixes with

municipal solid waste.

At present, the problem, ULBs are facing is, mixing of this small quantities E waste

from households with municipal solid waste. To solve this problem ULBs can set up

proper collections points/centers at safe and identified locations so that the citizen can

drop their household E-waste as and when it generates. Already, Belgaum and Haveri

district ULBs are practicing this and they are handing over this collected E waste to

authorized processors.

Details of KSPCB authorized E waste processors near to Dakshina Kannada District

are mentioned below.

Table 11-1: Details of E waste processors nearby Dakshina Kannada District

Sl. No. Name and Address Activity

1 Moogambigai Metal Refineries, No. 89 &

90, Industrial Area, Baikampady,

Mangalore 575011

E waste recycler

2 Ameena Enterprises Shed no. C-199,

KSSIDC Industrial Estate Hebbal, Mysore

570017

E waste recycler

3 Shobhit Industry - Unit II, Survey No. B-4/1,

KSSIDC Industrial Area, Nanjangudu

E waste dismantler

83 | P a g e

Sl. No. Name and Address Activity

571302, Mysore District

4 Macro Engineering Services, No. 427-E2,

Hebbal Industrial Area, Mysore - 570018

E waste dismantler

Source: Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

Note: Generally, E waste recyclers will pay for the waste they carry (on weight

basis), hence it will become an additional revenue generation source for ULBs, if

handled efficiently.

11.2 BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

As in the case with E waste, Bio-medical waste from bulk generators like Hospitals,

Nursing homes and Clinics are being collected and processed by KSPCB authorized

Common Bio-medical waste treatment facility operators. As per the status report of

KSPCB in 2014, Karnataka has 26,927 Health Care Establishments (HCEs), which

includes Hospitals, Clinics, Ayush clinics, Pathological labs and Veterinary hospitals

and dispensaries. The quantum of waste that is generated in India is estimated to be

1-2 kg per bed per day in a hospital and 600 gm per day per bed in a general

practitioner’s clinic. e.g. a 100 bedded hospital will generate 100 – 200 kgs of hospital

waste/day. It is estimated that only 5 – 10% of this comprises of hazardous/infectious

waste (5 – 10kgs/day)1. waste from these will be sent 27 Common Bio-medical waste

treatment facilities.

But, the waste generated from households is getting landed in MSW dumping areas.

As like, E waste, Bio-medical collection points/centers can be set up by ULBs, wherein

citizens can drop the household Bio-medical waste generated.

Following are the KSPCB authorized Common Bio-medical waste treatment facility

operators near to Dakshina Kannada District.

Table 11-2: Details of Bio-medical waste processors nearby Dakshina Kannada

district

Sl. No Name and Address

1 M/s. Ramky Energy and Environmental Pvt. Ltd. No.-

47/B, Karnad Industrial Area(KIADB), Mulky,

Mangalore

2 M/s. Ayush Envirotech Pvt ltd., Plot No.50, Nandikoor

Industrial Area, KIADB Nandikoor Village, Udupi


Note: ULBs can have a MoU with the operators for collection and treatment of Bio-

medical waste from collection points with a specific tenure. In this case, ULBs have to

pay the charges to the operators on weight basis. However, ULBs can convince the

84 | P a g e

operators to do the collection and treatment as a social commitment from the

operators.

Mulki TP can set up Sanitary napkins, Baby and adult diapers, ULB shall set up napkin

incinerator machines at public toilets, government run ladies hostels and instruct

private run ladies hostels strictly install the napkin incinerator machines. (The quotation

for the same are attached with the DPR)

11.3 PLASTIC WASTE

Plastic being an integral of modern lifestyle, is posing a major threat to the success of

Municipal Solid Waste Management, especially plastic covers, carry bags, sheets and

disposable glasses, plates and cups are the major items entering to the solid waste

management (landfill) sites.

Since, Government of Karnataka has banned the manufacturing and sale of all these

plastic items, this will help in reducing the burden on ULBs towards handling and

treatment of solid waste and ultimately helping the “Swachh Bharat Mission” in

Karnataka

However, the ban is not applicable packets/sachets and plastic utensils used in

households. Hence, there are chances that, some amount of plastic mix with domestic

solid waste and increase the load on landfill site. These plastic items can be

segregated and recovered and also can be sold to KSPCB authorized recyclers.

Details of KSPCB authorized Plastic container recyclers near to Dakshina Kannada

District are mentioned below,

Table 11-3: Details of Plastic containers recyclers nearby Dakshina Kannada

district


1 Plasto Containers, Plot No-SPL-12, KSSIDC Industrial Estate,

Koteshwara, Kundapura, Udupi District

2 Kenz Karnataka Poly Industries, No. 63/A, Industrial A

Layout, Bannimantap, Mysore - 15

3 S H Plastic Industries, No.48/1, Industrial A Layout,

Bannimantap, Mysore

4 Maruthi industries, No.3627/1,C.V.Road, Bannimantap,

Mysore.(Plastic utensils)

5 Milan Plastic industries, No.3207,C.V.Road, Bannimantap,

Mysore-15

6 PM Industries, plot no.39, D-1,

Hootagalli industrial area, Mysore

7 Super plastic industries, shed

No.C-93, industrial estate, Yadavagiri, Mysore-

85 | P a g e


20(3208/8,C.v.road, Near Gajanna rice,

Bannimantap, Mysore)

8 Supreme Plastic Industries, No.3207/4, 2nd main, B.B.Mill road,

Bannimantap, Mysore

9 Techno Plastic Industries, No.204/20, G.G.Block, Hunsur Road,

Belawadi Post, Mysore-86

10 Syndicate Udyog No. 51/B, Industrial Layout, Bannimantap,

Mysore.


11.4 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (C&D) WASTE

With increasing urbanization, construction and demolition activities will increase,

resulting in the C & D waste generation. The C & D waste and its processing is a new

phenomenon in Indian context and is catching up slowly as the quantum of waste

generating in metro and other big cities is becoming a nuisance because of haphazard

dumping of waste along the highways and low lying areas.

As per Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) of

Department of Science and Technology, Government of India thumb rule, a new

construction generated 40-60 Kg of C & D waste per sq. m, taking average of 50 Kg

per sq. m.

The composition construction waste depends on the type of structure. For example if

the structure is flyover or bridge structures the composition will be usually concrete

and steel. On the other hand, if the residential structures are built or demolished the

composition will be in verity, it consists of concrete, steel, wood, tiles, paints, plastics

etc.

ULBs shall encourage the usage of C & D waste in building and infrastructure works

by giving property tax benefits to the user builders and agencies and also the usage of

waste can be encouraged in brick manufacturing, as getting natural raw materials for

brick manufacturing is becoming difficult.

11.4.1 OPTIONS FOR C&D WASTE MANAGEMENT

Based on discussion with ULB officials, it is been informed that the C & D waste

generation in ULB varies from 1 - 2 TPD which is very less to be processed in a

processing unit, however, with increase in residential and commercial construction

sector, the quantity may increase in future. Following are the management options for

C&D waste.

86 | P a g e

Table 11-4: C&D wastes and their Reuse Potential

Material Process End Use

Plain Concrete (DW) Crushed and sorted Aggregate

Fresh Concrete (CW) Washed to remove cement

and recover aggregate

Aggregate

Reinforced Concrete Crushed, sorted and steel

bars removed Steel

recycled

Crushed concrete reused as

aggregate

New reinforcement steel

Clay bricks and roof

tiles

Cleaned, Crushed and

sorted

Pulverized

Reused for masonry

Aggregate

Mixed with lime to produce

mortar

Calcium silicate

bricks

Cleaned

Crushed

Pulverised

Reused for masonry

Aggregate

Recycled into new calcium

silicate

bricks

Natural stone

masonry

Cleaned

Crushed

Reused for masonry

Aggregate

Natural stone slabs Cleaned

Crushed

Flooring, cladding

Aggregate

Ceramic Tiles Cleaned

Crushed

Flooring, cladding

Aggregate

Asphalt Paving Crushed and cold mixed

Crushed and hot

mixed

Road construction

Mixed Demolition

Waste (ABC i.e.

asphalt, bricks,

concrete)

Crushed Fill material

Steel Cleaned

Recycled

Reused steel components

New steel components

Aluminum Cleaned

Recycled

Aluminum recycling streams

87 | P a g e

Material Process End Use

Timber beams,

doors etc

Cleaned Reused as beams, doors etc.

(if free of hazardous

preservatives).

Timber boards Cleaned Reused as shuttering and

other products

Feedback for engineered

woods

Plastics Recycled Plastic recycling streams

Gypsum

plasterboard

Cleaned

Crushed

Recycled

Reuse as boards

Soil conditioner

New Gypsum products

Glass Cleaned

Crushed

Recycled

Glass recycling streams

88 | P a g e

12 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDADTION

12.1 INTRODUCTION

The objective of any MSW treatment initiative should be to minimize the waste quantity

delivered to the landfill. Reduce, reuse, recycle and recover concept shall be adopted

to reduce the waste generation. The paper, plastics, glass and metals can be reused

and recycled. This will enable to save the valuable resources, while saving energy for

equivalent quantity of resources can be extracted from organic portion of waste and

used, where as the inert can be land filled.

The report has brought out the key issues of proper technology selection for MSW

treatment for Mulki TP that includes identifying and assessing several treatment

technological options available for particular waste composition of the region. The

evaluation with the commercial viability and technical feasibility of different alternatives

and recommendation of the best suitable option(s) for treatment will increase the

efficiency of Solid Waste Disposal system.

The focus of the report is to evaluate the present situation of MSW disposal in Mulki

based on site visits, available literature, vendor discussions and information provided

by TP Office. An approach to design a sustainable MSW disposal system to meet the

future challenges is presented. Various criteria are covered, such as the

appropriateness of different treatment options for MSW of Mulki, modularity, scalability,

upgradeability, suitability, regulatory acceptability, reliability, the environmental effects

of technology, the savings in availability of land, including cost involved in treatment,

labor requirement, resource recovery and the amount of energy production from a

treatment facility.

12.2 CONCLUSIONS

Mulki comprises of 17 municipal wards has been divided covering an area of

11.0 km2 and population of about 17288 as per 2011 census, generates about

6.6 tons of municipal solid waste per day.

Currently Pit composting Treatment as well as windrow heaping method is

practiced.

Quantum of waste generation varies between 0.35 kg/capita/day.

The technologies identified for assessment which are also suitable under Indian

conditions are Composting (windrow), and landfill. All these identified waste

treatment technologies are screened on definite evaluation criteria and outcome

of screening is recommended in Chapter V.

12.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended to minimize the volume of waste through effective waste

minimization techniques which involves reuse, recycling and recovery. An

effective waste minimization can reduce the costs, liabilities and regulatory

burdens.

89 | P a g e

Source reduction and segregation should be encouraged. Source reduction will

reduce the amount of waste generated, reuse materials will prevent them from

entering the waste stream, and recycling will prevent materials from being

disposed in landfills.

TP can set up Sanitary Napkin Disposal Units in Government run hostels,

Public toilets and also instruct private run hostels strictly to adopt the disposal

unit for reducing the reach of these items to landfill sites and posing health

problems to landfill site workers.

Also, ULB can set up E waste and Bio-medical (old and expired medicines)

waste collection centers at suitable locations, so that people can dispose their

household E waste and Bio-medical wastes.

Adoption of effective solid waste treatment and disposal system will provide a

framework for the development of a sustainable MSW service, which can take

place with active involvement of the stakeholders.

Proper segregation of waste would lead to better options and opportunities for

its treatment and scientific disposal. The municipal solid waste should be

segregated into organic, inorganic, recyclable and hazardous waste, which has

not been observed in current treatment practice of Mulki, but are mandatory as

per Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 & SWM

Rules 2016. Proper segregation ensures that one waste stream should not be

mixed with other waste so that it can be taken to for treatment and disposal

after segregation only.

It is recommended that Mulki should adopt an approach to deal with different

waste streams of municipal solid waste (MSW). Following combinations of

technologies are suggested:

Composting

Recycling

Land filling

As per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 and

SWM Rules 2016, the municipal authority must treat the organic fraction of

waste before disposal. It is recommended to set up a plant for composting

It is recommended that only process rejects and degraded waste has to be

deposited in the scientific landfill. Landfill sites must be planned and designed

with proper documentation of a phased construction plan as well as a closure

plan. All environment, health and safety precautionary measures supported with

advanced monitoring system shall be taken and compliance of municipal solid

waste handling rules and guidelines shall strictly be followed. Landfill sites shall

be selected near the waste processing facility.

90 | P a g e

13 APPENDIX

1. QUESTIONNAIRE

2. DRAWINGS

3. BILL OF QUANTITIES

4. ROUTE PLANNING OF TOWN

5. CHECKLIST FOR ONSITE WORK

6. CHECKLIST FOR IEC ACTIVITY

7. QUOTATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS

I. QUESTIONNAIRE

1 | P a g e

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix - 1

Preparation of DPR for Solid Waste Management (D K - District)

Data Required from ULB

S.No Description Details from ULB’s

1 Name of the Town MULKI

2 Area under Municipality / Corporation in sq.km.

11.00 Sq.K.M.

3 Any extended areas/ recently added areas No

4 Number of House Holds 5135

5 Population

2011 17288

2001 16398

1991 14100

1981 12094

6 Number of Wards 17

7 Base Map of the municipality with Road Network and Ward Boundaries demarcated (Please enclose the same)

Enclosed

8 Ward Wise Population (enclose separately) Enclosed (Blockwise)

9 Floating Population details (if any) Approximate 2,500

10 Details of Existing infrastructure:

Road Length in KM 52.6

Storm Water Network in Km (% covered & No of Wards Covered with details)

80% 17 wards

Sewerage System (% covered & No of Wards Covered with details)

- Nil -

Water Supply (% covered & No of Wards Covered with details)

90% 17 wards

11 Details of Slums in the Town

No of Slums 1 (WARD 13 & 14)

Slums House Holds 445

Slum Population 2381

Map showing slums location Enclosed

2 | P a g e

12 Any Previous Studies done for Municipal Solid Waste Management. If yes, please provide a copy of the same.

Yes. Enclosed

DETAILS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ULB

---

13 Primary Collection

Extent of the area covered for primary collection - door to door collection

11.05 Sq.Km.

Give the number of wards and ward numbers

17 Wards 1 to 17

Is segregation done at house hold level, if so please give details of the same.

Yes. Wet and dry waste

14 Infrastructure Available for Primary collection:

-

Tricycle - Number available -

Auto Tippers 2

Push Cart Carriers 6

Mini Lorry/ Big Lorry 407 - 1 No.

Bolero - 1 No.

Tractor 1

15 Manpower Available for Primary Collection and Sweeping

Sweepers 5

Sanitary workers 11

Supervisors ---

Drain Cleaners 4

16 Secondary Collection

Refuse Compactor Wheelie Bins available 660 L- Numbers and locations

---

Refuse Compactor Wheelie Bins Available 1100 L capacity - Numbers and Locations

Any other street bins like concrete, brick, steel provided with their capacities and locations

No

17 Transportation

3 | P a g e

Refuse Compactor Equipment Available ---

8 cu.m. capacity - Number ---

14.5 cu.m. capacity ---

Any other Capacity compactors available with number

---

18 Dumper Placer Containers

4.5 cu.m capacity ---

7.5 cu.m. capacity ---

Any other capacity equipment available ---

19 Dumper Placer Container Lifting Vehicles

Type of Vehicle available and number of vehicles

No

20 Details of Manpower Available

Sweepers 5

Sanitary Workers 11

Supervisors ---

Sanitary Inspectors 1

Drivers 5

21 Details of Waste Produced / Collected

Based on the present final disposal, quantity of waste collected per day in Tons

7 Tons per day

Number of Tractors/ Lorries X Number of Trips X the capacity of tractor/ lorry

Tractor – 1, Auto Tipper – 2, Bolero – 1, 407 - 1

Any data available to calculate the total weight of solid waste generated in a day, like payment made to private contractors, vehicles based on trips and weight

No

22 Details of waste Generators in Bulk (House Holds)

Marriage halls - number 6 Halls 0.25 Tonne

Restaurants 6 Halls 2.00 Tonne

Vegetable Markets and Fruit Markets 6 Halls 3.70 Tonne

Institutions 6 Halls 0.24 Tonne

Shopping Complexes and Commercial Areas

6 Halls 0.76 Tonne

4 | P a g e

Slaughter House ---

Industries - If service is provided by ULB ---

Hospitals - If service is provided by ULB Only wet waste

Construction and Debris Waste 0.05 Tonne

Please give the method of collection, frequency of collection and approx quantity being collected for all the above facilities. Also charges collected for the same

Pit method

23 Processing

Any processing plant available in the ULB

Please give complete details of processing facility - type, location, area, method, capacity and present waste being treated

Pit method

3 pits of capacity 8 x 1 x 2

Vermi compost pits

24 Any Waste Segregation is happening

At House Hold Level Yes. Wet and dry waste

At processing Plant Yes.

25 Disposal Site

Details of Present disposal site / dump yard Bappanadu Village

Location Bappanadu Village

Number of such disposal sites available 1

Areas of each disposal sites in acres 2.38 Acres

Since how long the waste is disposed in this dump yard (give separate details for each)

20 yrs.

Any recent studies done on disposal site No.

Any new site identified for the disposal, if so please give complete details of the site. Area, location, ownership

Yes.

Area : 2.46 Acres

Location : Elathur village

S.No. : 87P, 12-4P2, 12-4P2

Ownership : Town Panchayat Mulki

26 Charges being levied

Charges collected from House Holds for door to door collection

Rs. 300/- per each household

Charges collected from Bulk Waste Producers like Restaurants, function halls,

Rs. 600/- per each commercial buildings

5 | P a g e

commercial areas, hospitals, slaughter house

27 Budget allocation for solid waste management

30.00 Lakhs

28 Financials of ULB for the past 3 years (Rs. In lakhs)

Income, expenditure details

Income Expenditure

2012-13 0.52 23.86

2013-14 0.17 24.16

2014-15 4.81 25.18

II. DRAWINGS

MU

LK

I PR

OC

ES

SIN

G &

DIS

PO

SA

L S

ITE

CO

NS

UL

TIN

G E

NG

INE

ER

S L

IMIT

ED

MU

MB

AI

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OFLANDFILL SITE

TYPICAL DETAILS OF ANCHORTRENCH

WASTE

WASTE

CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED

MUMBAI

III. BILL OF QUANTITES (BOQ)

TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD.

Item No. Item Description Unit Quantity Rate (Rs.)

Amount (Rs.)

1 Earth work for excavtion

Earth work excavation for foundation of structures upto 3 mtrs. by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, providing shoring, strutting and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, filling back the excavated earth to the extent required and utilising I transporting the remaining earth upto 1.00km lead. including cost of labour, materials and HOM of machineries etc., complete

cu.m 183 251 45855

PWD SoR- Sl No 2.2 KSRB 2.14.-2 251

2 Rubble SolingProviding dry/ trap/ granite/ quartzite/ gneiss rubble stone soling 15 cm to 20 cm thick including hand packing and compacting complete.

cu.m 41.62 243 10114

PWD SoR- Sl 18.27 No KSRB M200-15.2 243

3 FillingFilling available excavated earth (excluding rock) in sides of foundations upto plinth in layers not exceeding 20 ems. in depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead upto 50 m. and lift upto 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications

cu.m 146.67 127 18627

PWD SoR- Sl 2.10 No KSRB 2.3 127

Abstract Sheet - Windrow Facility Shed

TCE.10030A


4 PCC

Providing and laying in position plain cement concrete of mix1:4:8 with OPC cement @ 220kgs, with 20mm and down sizegraded granite metal coarse [email protected] and fineaggregates @ 0.56cum, machine mixed, concrete laid in layersnot exceeding 15 ems. thick, well compacted, in foundation,plinth and cills, ncluding cost of all materials, labour, HOM ofmachinery, curing complete as per specifications

cu.m 19 5180 97594

PWD SoR- Sl 4.3 No KSRB 4-1.3 5180

5 RCC Sub Structure

5.1

Providing and laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 340kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.70cum and fine aggregtes @ 0.47cum, with superplastisiser @31ts confirmir.g to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 ems thick, vibrated for all works in ground floor levelfor roof slabs, staircase, lintels and beams retaining walls, return walls, walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, columns, linties, pillars, posts, struts, buttresses, string or lacing courses, parapets, coping, bed blocks, anchor blocks, plain window cills, fillets etc., including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing, complete but excluding cost of reinforcement as per specifications

cu.m 25 6229 155168

PWD SoR- Sl 4.11 No KSRB 4.2.2 6229

TCE.10030A


6 RCC Super Structure

6.1

Providing and laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 340kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.70cum and fine aggregtes @ 0.47cum, with superplastisiser @31ts confirmir.g to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 ems thick, vibrated for all works in ground floor levelfor roof slabs, staircase, lintels and beams retaining walls, return walls, walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, columns, linties, pillars, posts, struts, buttresses, string or lacing courses, parapets, coping, bed blocks, anchor blocks, plain window cills, fillets etc., including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of machinery, curing, complete but excluding cost of reinforcement as per specifications

cu.m 30 6229 186870


7 Steel Reinforcement

Providing T.M.T steel reinforcement for R.C.C work includingstraightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position,lapping and I or welding wherever required, tying with bindingwire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherevernecessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastageshall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOMof machinery complete as per specifications.

MT 3.95 60431 238720


TCE.10030A


8 Structural Steel

Providing structural steel work in trusses, other similar trussed purlins and members with all bracing, gusset plates etc. as per detailed designs and drawings or as directed including cutting, fabricating, hoisting, erecting fixing in position, Making riveted/ bolted/ welded connection and one coat of anticorrosive paint and over it two coats of oil painting etc. complete.

M.T 16.2 70000 1134101

Market Rate 70000

9 Meta Colour sheetProviding and fixing 1 mm thick metacolour sheet. washers, galvanised iron clamps and bolts and nuts and scaffolding complete.

sq.m 240 367 88080

Market Rate 367

11 Total in Rs. 1975129.1018% GST 355523.245% extra for Municipal Council 116532.62

12 Grand Total (Rs.) 2477184.00

TCE.10030A

IV. ROUTE MAPPING

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V. CHECK LIST FOR COLLECTION & SWEEPING ACTIVITY

MULKI TOWN PANCHAYATH(TP), MULKI TP

Daily Work Monitoring Log Sheet ACTIVITY: 1. DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION 2. OTHER SANITATION WORK

DATE: WARD NO: LOCATION:

WORK ASSIGNED: 1. Street Sweeping ( ) 3. Weed Cutting ( ) 2. Drain Cleaning ( ) 4. Open Space & Special Occasion Cleaning ( )

Work Completed:

SUPERVISIOR: Name & Sign

Comments if Any:

WITNESSED BY: Witness -1 Witness -2 Name, Sign & Mobile No Name, Sign & Mobile No

VI. CHECK LIST FOR IEC ACTIVITY

MULKI TOWN PANCHAYATH (TP), MULKI TP

IEC Monitoring Log Sheet ACTIVITY UNDER TAKEN1

1. 2. 3.

DATE: WARD NO: LOCATION:

Description of Activity:

NGO Member: Name & Sign

Comments if Any:

WITNESSED BY: Witness -1 Witness -2 Name, Sign & Mobile No Name, Sign & Mobile No

1 List of Activates: Street play at Crowded places, apartments, etc., Presentation in Schools & Colleges , Ward wise

awareness program , Environment awareness rallies and training programmers’ for SWM workers

VII. QUOTATIONS

SWIFT TECHNOPLAST PVT LTD

B-118, TTC Industrial Area, Punit Industrial Estate,

MIDC, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai 400705 (MH) India.

Tel: +91-22-2763 4007/3267 4169, Mob: 08888 825 422

Fax: +91-22-2768 0304, CIN NO.: U25203MH2010PTC202558

Email: [email protected] Website: www.swiftind.co.in

Ref: SIP/QT/0416/M16406 Date: 25/04/2016

M/S. Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd. 247 Park, Tower 'A', LBS Marg Vikhroli (West), Mumbai: 400 083 Tel: 022 6114 8258 Fax: 022 6114 8282 Mob: 09860 738 295 Email: [email protected] Kind Attn: Mr. Kapil Awtani -Senior Manager (Civil)

Sub: Offer for supply of Garbage Bin

Dear Sir, This has with reference our discussion regarding your requirement of Garbage Bins. We are pleased to offer our prices for the items required by you.

Sr. No

Image Item Discretion Discounted

Price(Per Unit)

01

Waste Handling Garbage Bin, 2 wheeled HDPE Mobile Bin Capacity as per DIN (EN840) standard Size : Length 550 MM Width 470 MM Height 930 MM Capacity : 120 ltr Qty : 100 Nos Model No : SLG-120

Rs.2,325

02

Waste Handling Garbage Bin, 2 wheeled HDPE Mobile Bin Capacity as per DIN (EN840) standard Size : Length 720 MM Width 580 MM Height 1070 MM Capacity : 240 ltr Qty : 100 Nos Model No : SLG-240

Rs.3,215

**** Above price are discounted price on the basis of bulk order Quantity.

Terms & Condition:

Above rates are ex our Works. Taxes & duties: [email protected]% without C- Form or CST@2% against C-Form will be charged extra. Transportation charges : Extra at actual from our Factory Octroi or any other taxes if applicable will be charged extra to your account. Payment terms: 100% Advance along with purchase order Delivery: within 2-3 weeks from the date of receipt of purchase order along with advance/Immediate Validity : Above offer is valid for 30 days from the date of quotation thereafter subject to our confirmation

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.swiftind.co.in/


SWIFT TECHNOPLAST PVT LTD

B-118, TTC Industrial Area, Punit Industrial Estate,

MIDC, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai 400705 (MH) India.

Tel: +91-22-2763 4007/3267 4169, Mob: 08888 825 422

Fax: +91-22-2768 0304, CIN NO.: U25203MH2010PTC202558

Email: [email protected] Website: www.swiftind.co.in

If you have any query or need more information please feel free to contact undersigned.

Thank you and awaiting your valuable order.

For Swift Technoplast Pvt Ltd

Hemant Sharma

Mob: 08888 825 422

Email: [email protected]


http://www.swiftind.co.in/


SHREERAM INDUSTRIES

Manufacturer of all type of hydraulic machinery, SHREERAM INDUSTRIES, Ahmedabad,GUJ.

Quotation: From: Shreeram Industries

20, Arun Estate , plot no 43,

GIDC, ODHAV, Ahmedabad-382415

(M) - 09979118972

Date - 04/05/2017

Attn:-Mr. ANKUSH BHANDARI

Subject :- Hydraulic baling machine for paper and plastic waste

Dear Sir, As per your requirement We are offering to you 40 TON hydraulic baling machine Single

container standard model. We hereby submitting our lowest offer for the same along with

technical details:

QUANTITY

(PCS)

DESCRIPTION

1 peace

Hydraulic baling machine

(Single container-Standard model) Hydraulic pressing capacity –40tons

Structure – Single container (Fabricated) Single cylinder with moving guide bars

Bale size – 900 mm (length) x 600mm (width)

No. of Tie :- 3 (Manually)

Height of the bale –as per your bale weight requirement

Bale weight –100 to 130 kg

Material :- Paper and plastic waste

Electric motor –7.5HP,3Phase,1440rp(CGL/BHARAT Make)

Oil tank Capacity –100ltr Enclo-68 Hydraulic oil

Powered by :- Hydraulic Gear pump (VBC Make)

Direction Control Valve (Polyhydron Make)

Operated with hand lever valve With following safety features,

(Overload relay and Pressure reducing Valve for Hydraulic System)

PRICE :- Rs.213500/-(Without oil)

Discount :- 18%

SO,

PRICE :-Rs.175000/- (Without oil)

Offer validity :- 30 days

TIN CST NO :- 24575400064

Bank detail:- SHREERAM INDUSTRIES

AC/NO :- 10057411761 (STATE BANK OF INDIA , GIDC ODHAV BRANCH)

CODE :- SBIN0001387

SHREERAM INDUSTRIES

Manufacturer of all type of hydraulic machinery, SHREERAM INDUSTRIES, Ahmedabad,GUJ.

All standard standard hydraulic components with zero leak cylinders developed in house.

Please note that our above prices are ex. works Ahmadabad and subject to followings

terms & conditions:-

Order Booking:- 30% advance with clear purchase order

Payments:-Balance payment against proforms invoice prior to machine delivery after

inspection at our works

Delivery:- within 2 to 4 week after confirmation

Taxes :- 2% CST Against form ‘c’,No excise duty

Freight:- Extra at actual to be paid by you

We hope above data will suits your requirements.

From:- Shreeram Industries

R.R. Panchal

Contact Us

Shreeram industries,

Mr. Rajendra panchal Call Us: +(91)-9925835059

Mr. Bhavik panchal : +(91)-9979118972

Office :- 0, Aru Estate,plot o. ,N/r jay he i als,GIDC,odhav,A’ ad-382415

Workshop :- Plot no.725/D sai industrial estate opposite Shivbhumi estate, kubadthal, ahmedabad

382430,GUJ.

E-mail :- [email protected]

:- [email protected]

Web :- www.indiamart.com/shreeramindustriesgujarat/



http://www.indiamart.com/shreeramindustriesgujarat/

K) Karnateka AgenclerN.H. 66, Kottara Chowki, Ashoknagar Post, Mangalore - 575 006

P h. : 2457881 F ax : 0824-2455042 emai I : [email protected]

mahlndraDATED: l-lrq Aug2OtT

M/s TATA Consulting Engineers Ltd,6th FIoor, Central Wing,Sai Trinity, S No 6, PashanPune 411021

Dear Deepak

Sub: Quotation for Garbage Tipper body on ieeto and BMT vehicles

1-. Tipper Body with on BMTvehicle

2. Tipper Body with Jeeto Vehicle

1.. lOO% PAYMENT IN ADVANCE ALONGWITH YOUR PURCHASE ORDER2 DELIVERY: 20 TO 25 DAYS INCLUD|NG BODY BU|LDING3 PRICES RULING AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY ALONE WILL APPLY

DESCRIPTION TTPPER (OPEN

BODY)

TIPPER

(cLosED BODY)

HOOPER (OPEN

BODY)

Cost of the vehicle 505411 s05411 505411Cost of Body 160640 165760 1,67040lnsurance L4918 14990 15008Road tax 16650 16650 16650Regn and incidental charges 9300 9300 9300Yellow Painting(Rto norms) 3800 3800 3800TOTAL 710719 71591,1 717209

DESCRIPTION TTPPER (OPEN

BODY)

TTPPER (CLOSED BODY) HOOPER (OPEN BODY)

Cost of the vehicle 30585s 30s855 305855Cost of Body 122880 128000 126720I nsurance 11726 11798 1L780Road tax 2775 2775 2775Regn and incidental charges 9300 9300 9300Yellow Painting(Rto norms) 2000 2000 2000TOTAL 454536 459728 458430

-!

ECOSTER RECYCLING SYSTEMS3/142, Sathya Nagar, Ramapuram Road, ManapakkamChennai, Tamilnadu [email protected]: 33ALBPV3082F1Z7

ESTIMATEADDRESS

Mr.DeepakTata Consulting Engineers Ltd6th Floor, Central Wing,Sai Trinity, Phasan, Pune - 411 021

ESTIMATE NO. ERS/EST/17-18/1093DATE 12/10/2017

EXPIRATION DATE 12/11/2017

NO HSN/SAC ACTIVITY QTY RATE TAX AMOUNT

1 ERS-TS 1500/6000 Trommel

Screen

Power - 10HP/3 Phase, Drum

Dia - 1500mm, Drum Length

- 6000mm, Screen Holes -

(100mm or 120mm or 40mm or

16mm or 4mm) , Screen

Thickness - 5mm, Screen

Type - Preforated Screen,

RPM - 10 to15, Cleaning

Brush - Included, Turning

Wheels - 4 No's, Trommel

Type - Shaft Less , Drive

Type - Chain with Gripped

Rubbers, Application -

MSW, Processing Capacity -

3-5 TPH,MOC - MS, Covers -

Bottom Half, Electrical

Control Panel - Included

with VFD.

1 10,00,000.00 18.0% IGST 10,00,000.00

2 ERS-Belt Conveyor

Power - 3HP/3Phase, Belt

Width - 800mm, Belt Length

- 8000mm, Belt - Rubber

with cleats , Control

Panel - Included

3 1,40,000.00 18.0% IGST 4,20,000.00

Total price are Inclusive of GST 18 %

Transportation, Insurance Extra

Installation & Commissioning Extra

Payment: 50% advance on PO and balance against

Proforma invoice before dispatch.

The material can be inspected prior to dispatch at

our works at your cost.

Delivery within 6 to 8 weeks.

Limited 12 months warranty on any manufacturing

SUBTOTAL 14,20,000.00

IGST @ 18% on 1420000.00 2,55,600.00

TOTAL Rs16,75,600.00

defects…

Valid for 30 days

Please note that no other terms & conditions would

be deemed to have been accepted by us unless

otherwise specially confirmed in writing.

The above mentioned capacity are dependent on the

raw material condition used as input and the

manpower used to operate the Machine.

Order Cancellation In case of cancellation of order

by the buyer, the advance payment shall be imposed.

Subject to Chennai Jurisdiction

Accepted By Accepted Date

ECOSTER RECYCLING SYSTEMS3/142, Sathya Nagar, Ramapuram Road, ManapakkamChennai, Tamilnadu [email protected]: 33ALBPV3082F1Z7

ESTIMATEADDRESS

Mr.DeepakTata Consulting Engineers Ltd6th Floor, Central Wing,Sai Trinity, Phasan, Pune - 411 021

ESTIMATE NO. ERS/EST/17-18/1091DATE 12/10/2017

EXPIRATION DATE 12/11/2017

NO HSN/SAC ACTIVITY QTY RATE TAX AMOUNT

1 ERS-TS 1800/8000 Trommel

Screen

Power - 15HP/3 Phase, Drum

Dia - 1800mm, Drum Length

- 8000mm, Screen Holes -

(100mm or 120mm or 40mm or

16mm or 4mm) , Screen

Thickness - 5mm, Screen

Type - Preforated Screen,

RPM - 8 to12, Cleaning

Brush - Included, Turning

Wheels - 4 No's, Trommel

Type - Shaft Less , Drive

Type - Chain with Gripped

Rubbers, Application -

MSW, Processing Capacity -

15 TPH,MOC - MS,

Electrical Control Panel -

Included with VFD.

1 18,00,000.00 18.0% IGST 18,00,000.00

2 ERS-Belt Conveyor

Power - 5HP/3Phase, Belt

Width - 1000mm, Belt

Length - 10000mm, Belt -

Rubber with cleats ,

Control Panel - Included

3 1,80,000.00 18.0% IGST 5,40,000.00

Total price are Inclusive of GST 18 %

Transportation, Insurance Extra

Installation & Commissioning Extra

Payment: 50% advance on PO and balance against

Proforma invoice before dispatch.

The material can be inspected prior to dispatch at

our works at your cost.

Delivery within 6 to 8 weeks.

Limited 12 months warranty on any manufacturing

defects…

SUBTOTAL 23,40,000.00

IGST @ 18% on 2340000.00 4,21,200.00

TOTAL Rs27,61,200.00

Valid for 30 days

Please note that no other terms & conditions would

be deemed to have been accepted by us unless

otherwise specially confirmed in writing.

The above mentioned capacity are dependent on the

raw material condition used as input and the

manpower used to operate the Machine.

Order Cancellation In case of cancellation of order

by the buyer, the advance payment shall be imposed.

Subject to Chennai Jurisdiction

Accepted By Accepted Date

AADI ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGIES (Material Handling Equipments)

#37-93-137/10A, Road No: 06, Mathura Nagar, Neredmet, Hyderabad-56, INDIA.

Ph: 09959557868, email: [email protected]

AADI/TATA/2016-17/Q845/R0

DATE 31.08.2016

M/s TATA Consulting Engineers Limited

Sai Trinity, Central Wing, 6 Floor, S No 146,

Pune, Maharastra-411012

M-+91 9844993485 [email protected]

KIND ATTN: MR. Deepak

Dear Sir,

Sub: Offer for supply of Conveyors for Msw.

Based on the discussions and data provided by you, we are pleased to enclose our techno- commercial offer

comprising of the following:

• Technical Specifications

• Price Schedule

• Scope of supply & Exclusions

• Terms and conditions of sale

M/S AADI ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGIES scope of work covers the design, fabrication and supply of materials in

accordance with the enclosed standards and specifications.

We trust you will find that our proposal is in line with your requirements and look forward to your valued order.

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services and attention at all times.

Regards,

For AADI Engineering & Technologies

B SURESH KUMAR

Managing Partner

Cell: 09959557868


www.aadienggtech.com




TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1) Chain Belt Conveyor (0.8M x 10M)

Profile Horizontal/Inclined Length of conveyor C/C 12 M Belt Width 800 mm

2) Chain Belt Conveyor (0.6M x 06M) Profile Inclined Length of conveyor C/C 06 M Belt Width 600 mm COMMON SPECIFICATIONS Belt specification 315/3, 3mm Top, 1.5mm Bottom Cover, M 24- Skirt Rubber 200 x 6 mm Thk. Linear speed of the conveyor 3-6 MPM Material to be handled Mixed MSW Bulk Density 0.4-0.5 T/M3

Chain details Type of chain Attachment bush roller Material of construction En-8/ C-45/ C-50 Sprockets Teeth Flame Hardened Material C-45 Bearings NTN/ SKF/FAG Side Wall Thickness 3.15 mm Length On both sides at inclined portion Height Suitable Material of construction MS confirming to IS : 2062 Reinforcement With suitable flats & angles Supporting structure With suitable Channels & Angles Pit Cover Plates & Supports 12 mm & with suitable Channels & I Beams Take-up Screw take – up Drive details Motor Hydraulic Gear box Worm Reduction (Elecon) Coupling Lovejoy/Pinbush/Chain Paint One coat of Epoxy Primer and two coats of Epoxy Paint

PRICE SCHEDULE:

SlNo Description Units Qty Unit price -

Rs

Total

Amount

Remarks

1 Chain Belt Conveyor 10 M No 01 4,50,000.00 4,50,000.00 800 B/W

2 Chain Belt Conveyor 06 M No 01 2,70,000.00 2,70,000.00 600B/W




1. Price Basis

• Price Basis : Ex our works

• Taxes & Duties: Extra applicable as per the rates at time of dispatch.

• Packing : Extra to your account

• Freght & Insurance : Extra to your account

• Entry, Octroi and other taxes if any will be borne by client.

2. Payment Terms

• 40% advance along with the Purchase order..

• 20% advance after submission of approved Drgs or starting of the fabrication.

• Balance along with taxes and duties against Proforma Invoice prior to dispatch.

3. Exclusions

• Any product or service that is not clearly specified in this proposal.

• All Civil works, Electrical panels, cables, Erection & commissioning.

• At site Unloading & Storage of the material in proper condition.

4. Delivery: 4 to 6 weeks from the date of purchase order along with requisite advance.

5. Guarantee: Our Guarantee for material and workmenship will 12 months from the date of

dispatch. (Our guarantee will not stand for electrical & electronic items)

6. Validity: This quotation is valid for 15 days from the date of issue.




AADI/TATA/2016-17/Q816/R0

DATE 20.07.2016

M/s TATA Consulting Engineers Limited

Sai Trinity, Central Wing, 6 Floor, S No 146,

Pune, Maharastra-411012

M-+91 9844993485 [email protected]

KIND ATTN: MR. Deepak

Dear Sir,

Sub: Offer for supply of Trommels for Msw.

Based on the discussions and data provided by you, we are pleased to enclose our techno- commercial offer

comprising of the following:

• Technical Specifications

• Price Schedule

• Scope of supply & Exclusions

• Terms and conditions of sale

M/S AADI ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGIES scope of work covers the design, fabrication and supply of materials in

accordance with the enclosed standards and specifications.

We trust you will find that our proposal is in line with your requirements and look forward to your valued order.

Thanking you and assuring you of our best services and attention at all times.

Regards,

For AADI Engineering & Technologies

B SURESH KUMAR

Managing Partner

Cell: 09959557868


www.aadienggtech.com




TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

S No Item description A) Rotary Trommel

1 Capacity 1 to 5 TPH

2 Overall length 5000 to 6000 mm

3 Shell Diameter In between 1000 to 1500 mm

4 Perforated Sheet Holes Size 1 to 6 mm etc.,

5 Inclination 5 Degrees

6 Material handled MSW

7 Bearings Pillow block – Masta, bearings: SKF /FAG.

8 Drive Unit Hydraulic

9 Couplings Pinbush couplings.

10 Material of construction IS 2062 for all structural,

11 Hood material collecting tray at bottom.

12 Painting After completion of fabrication and inspection the surface of

the structure shall be cleaned and painted.

S No Item description A) Rotary Screen

1 Capacity 1 TPH

2 Overall length 2000 to 3600 mm

3 Shell Diameter In between 800 to 1000 mm

4 Perforated Sheet Holes Size 1 to 6 mm etc.,

5 Inclination 5 to 9 Degrees

6 Material handled MSW

7 Bearings Pillow block – Masta, bearings: SKF /FAG.

8 Drive Unit Geared Motor, Rossi Italy Make

9 Couplings Pinbush couplings.

10 Material of construction IS 2062 for all structural,

11 Hood NO hood only material collecting tray at bottom.

12 Painting After completion of fabrication and inspection the surface of

the structure shall be cleaned and painted.

PRICE SCHEDULE:

SlNo Description Units Qty Unit price -

Rs

Total

Amount

Remarks

1 Trommels No 01 12,96,000.00 12,96,000.00

1 Screen No 01 4,96,000.00 4,96,000.00

1. Price Basis

• Price Basis : Ex our works

• Taxes & Duties: Extra applicable as per the rates at time of dispatch.

• Packing : Extra to your account




• Freght & Insurance : Extra to your account

• Entry, Octroi and other taxes if any will be borne by client.

2. Payment Terms

• 40% advance along with the Purchase order..

• 20% advance after submission of approved Drgs or starting of the fabrication.

• Balance along with taxes and duties against Proforma Invoice prior to dispatch.

3. Exclusions

• Any product or service that is not clearly specified in this proposal.

• All Civil works, Electrical panels, cables, Erection & commissioning.

• At site Unloading & Storage of the material in proper condition.

4. Delivery: 4 to 6 weeks from the date of purchase order along with requisite advance.

5. Guarantee: Our Guarantee for material and workmenship will 12 months from the date of

dispatch. (Our guarantee will not stand for electrical & electronic items)

6. Validity: This quotation is valid for 15 days from the date of issue.

4TH FLOOR, A- WING 247 PARK,

LBS MARG, VIKHROLI (WEST)

MUMBAI

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