detecting lies 2

8/13/2019 Detecting Lies 2

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Detecting Lies - Research and Resources

Lying Articles, Links, Videos and More

Since publishing How to Detect Lies, I recieve tons of email from students, writers and

researchers requesting more information on lie detection.

Visitors have asked about or commented on bod language, statement analsis, microe!pressions, forensic pscholog, etc.

"his led me to researching and creating more articles, and now #How to Detect Lies# has

grown into $% part series.

In addition, ou&ll find tons of related articles, videos, book suggestions and web sites of

interest if ou are searching for more detailed information. 'Last update( )arch *$th,*+*-

ump to Section(

Lie Detection /rticles0 Links 1lsewhere0 Lie Detection Videos0 Ling 2 3orensic 4sch.

5ooks

However, I am not an e!pert on lie detection ... 6ust an information gatherer 7 publisher.

'and mom- "his page is for those who, like me, need as much information on a topic as

possible.

I&ve worked to put together thoroughl researched articles with lots of illustrations andtons of links, videos and books for those looking to stud the nitt8gritt of the sub6ects

covered here.
http://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#articleshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#linkshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#linkshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#videoshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#bookshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#bookshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#articleshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#linkshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#videoshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#bookshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php#bookshttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies.php


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Luck for ou, I have even managed to get an e!pert guest author( )ark )c9lish. :ou&ll

find his introduction to statement analsisreall interesting. "here are also plent of links

for those interested in studing forensic pscholog.

Videos dealing with a range of topics from polgraphs to statement analsis can also be

found near the bottom of the page along with recommended books on lies and deception.

Lie Detection Information - How to Detect Lies

3eatures here on 5lifaloo. / selection of articles covering different theories of liedetection, both through bod language gestures and verbal cues. 5roken into $ tast parts

for eas digestion.

General Lying ues ! "ody Language#

How to Detect Lies'part - ;88 4opular

Learn the secrets to become a human lie detector.


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(orensic Linguistics#

)tatement Analysis - Intro and Resources'part @-

Introduction to the process used b investigators for analAing a personBs words todetermine if the sub6ect is being truthful or deceptive. 5 guest author )ark )c9lish,

=etired C.S. Secret Service 3ederal )arshall.

)tatement Analysis *ni+ue ords# .e%er 'part @b-

Detecting Deception Csing Statement /nalsis. )ark )c9lish e!plains how the word

#never# can be a signal of deception...if ou know what to look 'or listen- for.

*ni+ue ords# Actually'part @c-?hen people use the word actuallE the are comparing two thoughts. "ake a look at

the following article for )ark )c9lish&s e!pert take on this unique word in its relation to

deception.

?ord nerdF :ou ma also be interested in m Linguistics =esourcepage.

/he 0sychology of Lies#

/he 0sychology of Lying8 'part $- ;88 Gewest

?h do people lie, and how oftenF
http://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/never-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/actually-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/linguistics.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/linguistics.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-why.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/actually-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/never-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/never-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/actually-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/linguistics.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-why.php


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/lso touches on pathological liars along with further resources on the web and

recommended books.

How to Detect Lies

"ecome a Human Lie Detector 10art 23

?arning( sometimes ignorance is bliss. /fter gaining this knowledge, ou ma be hurt

when it is obvious that someone is ling to ou. "he following deception detectiontechniques are used b police, forensic pschologists, securit e!perts and other

investigators.

Introduction to Detecting Lies#

"his knowledge is also useful for managers, emploers, and for anone to use ineverda situations where telling the truth from a lie can help prevent ou from being a

victim of fraud2scams and other deceptions.

"his is 6ust a basic run down of phsical 'bod language- gestures and verbal cues that

ma indicate someone is being untruthful.

If ou got here from somewhere else, be sure to check out ourLie Detection inde! pagefor more info including new research in the field of forensic pscholog. Last update(

)arch *th, *+*.

)igns of Dece'tion#

"ody Language of Lies#

4hsical e!pression will be limited and stiff, with few arm and hand movements. Hand,arm and leg movement are toward their own bod the liar takes up less space.

/ person who is ling to ou will avoid making ee contact.

Hands touching their face, throat 7 mouth. "ouching or scratching the nose or behind

their ear. .ot likelyto touch his chest2heart with an open hand.

$motional Gestures ! ontradiction
http://www.blifaloo.com/info/body-language.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/body-language.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lying-resources.php


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"iming and duration of emotional gestures and

emotions are off a normal pace. "he displa of emotion

is delaed, stas longer it would naturall, then stopssuddenl.

"iming is off between emotions gestures2e!pressions and words. 1!ample( Someone

sas #I love itJ# when receiving a gift, and then smile after making that statement, rather

then at the same time the statement is made.


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/ liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner2accuser and ma turn his head or bod

awa.

/ liar might unconsciousl place ob6ects 'book, coffee cup, etc.- between themselvesand ou.

Ver4al onte&t and ontent

/ liar will use our words to make answer a question. ?hen asked, Did ou eat the

last cookieFE "he liar answers, Go, I did not eat the last cookie.E

/ statement with a contraction ismore likely to 4e truthful( I didn&t do itE instead of

I did not do itE

Liars sometimes avoid #ling# b not making direct statements. "he impl answersinstead of dening something directl.

"he guilt person ma speak more than natural, adding unnecessar details to convince

ou... the are not comfortable with silence or pauses in the conversation.

/ liar ma leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonous tone. ?hen a truthful

statement is made the pronoun is emphasiAed as much or more than the rest of the wordsin a statement.

?ords ma be garbled and spoken softl, and snta! and grammar ma be off. In other

words, his sentences will likel be muddled rather than emphasiAed.

"he use of distancing language.

/lso see our article on Statement /nalsis for a more in8depth look at word analsistechniques used b interrogators.

5ther signs of a lie#

If ou believe someone is ling, then change sub6ect of a conversation quickl, a liarfollows along willingl and becomes more rela!ed. "he guilt wants the sub6ect changedK

an innocent person ma be confused b the sudden change in topics and will want to backto the previous sub6ect.

Csing humor or sarcasm to avoid a sub6ect.

(inal .otes#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancing_languagehttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancing_languagehttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/lies-statement-analysis.php


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bviousl, 6ust because someone e!hibits one or more of these signs does not make them

a liar. "he above behaviors should be compared to a persons base 'normal- behavior

whenever possible.

)ost lie detecting e!perts agree that a combination of bod language and other cues must

be used to make an educated guess on whether someone is telling the truth or a lie.

1e Direction and Ling

$ye Mo%ement and Direction ! How it an Re%eal

/ruth or Lies

"his is a continuation of our previous article Detecting Lies.)an comments b our

visitors asked about how ee direction can indicate the presence of a lie.

9an the direction a person&s ees reveal whether or not the are making a truthful

statementF Short answer(sort of. 5ut, it isn&t as simple as some recent television shows or

movies make it seem.

In these shows a detective will deduce if a person is being untruthful simpl because thelooked to the left or right while making a statement.

In realit, it would be foolish to make such a snap 6udgment without further

investigation... but the technique does have some merit.

So, here it is... read, ponder and test it on our friends and famil to see how reliable it isfor ourself.

Visual Accessing ues - Lying $yes

"he first time #Visual /ccessing 9ues# were discussed 'at least to m knowledge-, was

b =ichard 5andler and ohn


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hen asked a +uestion a normally organi6ed right-handed 'erson looks 'fromour viewpoint, looking at them-#

*' and to the Left

Indicates(Visually ConstructedImages 1Vc3If ou asked someone to #Imagine a purple buffalo#, this would be the direction their

ees moved in while thinking about the question as the #Visuall 9onstructed# a purple

buffalo in their mind.

*' and to the Right

Indicates(Visually RememberedImages 1Vr3If ou asked someone to #?hat color was the first house ou lived inF#, this would be the

direction their ees moved in while thinking about the question as the #Visuall=emembered# the color of their childhood home.

/o the Left

Indicates(Auditory Constructed1Ac3If ou asked someone to #"r and create the highest the sound of the pitch possible in

our head#, this would be the direction their ees moved in while thinking about the

question as the #/uditoril 9onstructed# this this sound that the have never heard of.


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/o the Right

Indicates(Auditory Remembered1Ar3

If ou asked someone to #=emember what their mother&s voice sounds like #, thiswould be the direction their ees moved in while thinking about the question as the

#/uditoril =emembered # this sound.

Down and to the Left

Indicates((eeling 7 8inesthetic 1(3If ou asked someone to #9an ou remember the smell of a campfireF #, this would be

the direction their ees moved in while thinking about the question as the used recalleda smell, feeling, or taste.

Down and /o the RightIndicates(Internal Dialog 1Ai3

"his is the direction of someone ees as the #talk to themselves#.

/he Gist of it999

How this information is used to detect lies(

$&am'le# Let&s sa our child asks ou for a cookie, and ou ask( #?ell, what did our

mother saF# /s the repl #)om said... es.#, the look to the left. "his would indicatea made up answer as their ees are showing a #constructed image or sound. Looking to

the right would indicated a #remembered# voice or image, and thus would be telling the

truth.

(inal .otes#

MMM Looking straight ahead or with ees that are defocused2unmoving is also considered

a sign of visual accessing.

MMM / tpical left8handed person would have the opposite meanings for their ee8directions.

MMM /s with other signs of ling, ou should first establish and understand a persons

base8behavior before concluding the are ling b the direction of their ees.

MMM )an critics believe the above is a bunch of bullMMMt. In m own e!periments I have

found these techniques to be more true than not. 5ut, wh not find out for ourselfF )ake


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up a list of questions that like the sample ones, and give them to our friends2famil

anone who would be our guinea pig, observe their ee movements and record the

results.

MMM "his guide is hardl in8depth, I recommend getting the book #3rogs into 4rinces(

Geuro Linguistic 4rogramming# b =ichard 5andler and ohn


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In%oluntary 8 / micro8e!pression is caused binvoluntar movements in facial muscles. 'See the fake8smile illustration -. )ost people

cannot control these involuntar muscles which are affected b their emotions.

)icro 1!pressions are generall grouped into seven universal emotions( anger, disgust,

fear, sadness, ha''iness, sur'rise, and contem't.

A "rief History of Micro $&'ression /heory

/ccording to ?ikipedia 8 )icro 1!pressions were first discovered b Haggard and Isaacs

in the N+s. In N, Haggard and Isaacs outlined how the discovered these#micromomentar# e!pressions published under the title( #)icromomentar facial

e!pressions as indicators of ego mechanisms in pschotherap#.

/lthough it is not included in most histories of microe!pressionsK I would like to point out that Darwin&s book #"he 1!pression of the

1motions in )an and /nimals# published in OP* deserves a mention. Darwin noted the

uni%ersal nature of facial e&'ressions, the muscles used in facial e!pressions, etc.9heck out more illustrations from Darwin&s book . /lso worth noting is


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same dude 8 contact me if ou have an info on the N+s micro e!pression research b

9ondon as cited on wikipedia-. thers mentioned as pioneering researchers in the field

include ohn


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movements of the @@ human facial muscles linked to fear, distrust, stress and other

emotions related to deception. 3rank&s work is being tested for it&s use in anti8terrorism

investigations. 'see press release -

My 5'inion

/nother important thing to remember about micro8e!pressions is that the onl showwhat someone is feeling...not whether the ling per8se, and not what the are thinking.

"he micro8e!pression onl tells ou their knee86erk emotional state. 'in m opinion-.

I believe 'with no proof or scientific basis- that micro8e!pressions can also reveal

emotions that are unconscious or onl partiall related to whatever is being talk about.

In other words, 6ust because someone sas #that&s awesomeJ# and flashes a brief micro8

e!pression of contempt ... doesn&t necessaril mean the are ling about their feelings....

6ust that there is something about the sub6ect that #bugs# them 'and the ma not even

know it bothers them-.

So, ou show our friend Sarah a picture of our new dog. She looks at ou and sas

#wow, reall cute#, but ou catch a micro8e!pression glimpse of #disgust#. I believe it

would be presumptuous to take this as a sign that Sarah thinks our pupp is ugl. Shema have been bit b a dog in the past, and that emotion briefl flashed across her face

when she looked at the pic of our dog.

' I&m 6ust cautioning readers who can see micro8e!pressions from simplifing and

presuming too much 88 human thoughts and emotions are complicatedJ -

Detecting Dece'tion *sing )tatementAnalysis;

How 0eo'le


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5 )ark )c9lish 8 Statement/nalsis.com

Introduction b 5lifaloo( I am super e!cited to introduce m readers interested in lie

detection to #Statement /nalsisR# 88 a technique used b police and other investigators

to determine the truthfulness of written or spoken words.


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he crossed out the words I had.E His letter actuall reads, 3irst everone understand,

nothing to do with GicoleBs murder.E

He took himself out of the denial9

So, wh do most people include the words I hadFE )ost likel because the believe thisis what Simpson meant. However, people mean e!actl what the sa or in this case

write. Simpson meant to cross out those words.

5 using the Statement /nalsis techniques, ou can determine e!actl what people are

telling ou. "his allows ou to obtain additional information that sometimes goes

unnoticed. "hese techniques will also show ou if the are ling or telling the truth.

Reading $yes

"ody Language of the Human $ye

guest author( /riel Lehrer

Is it possible to read someone's thoughts by gazing into their eyes? What body language cues can

we gather just from observing eye movement?

If onl ou would have known that the funn little emoticons ou were drawing when

ou were a kid would become the big business the are toda. 9ertainl ou would have

cashed in. Gobod had to tell ou that eebrows angled down meant angr, angled up

was sad, arched was surprised. :ou knew instinctivel that ees have a lot to sa aboutwhat a person is thinking and feeling.

"hat&s because the abilit to read a person&s intentions based on ee movement develops

at about the age of four. 5ut there&s a whole lot more to know about what the ees have tosa than what simple face images can tell.

Right "rained or Left:

"he direction of a person&s gaAe alone reveals a whole world of what is going on behindthe forehead. 9on6ugate lateral ee movements, or 9L1)S, are involuntar eemovements to the left or right and can indicate whether a person is engaged in smbolic

or visual thinking. / NNN stud showed that people are predominantl left or right

lookers and that P$Q of their ee movements will be in one direction or the other. "his is

a good indication of whether ou are dealing with a more analtical left brain person whowill mostl look to the right or a creative right brain person who is probabl looking to

the left.


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Lying $yes

"he stor changes a little when ou are not tring to assess the person&s thought patterns

but posing a question directl to them. 5lifaloo&s article 1e Direction and LingEdiscusses at greater length determining a person&s truthfulness based on the direction of

their gaAe. :ou can tell whether a person is constructing or remembering information bthe direction in which the are looking. )eaning, if ou ask them to describe ane!perience and the look up and to the left from our viewpoint, in the direction of visual

construction, the are probabl making it up rather than remembering. / gaAe downward

can also indicate guilt or shame because the person knows their statements to be false.

5e careful with these cues. "he are indications but the are not foolproof. Dr. 5ellaDe4aulo, a pschologist at the Cniversit of Virginia, reported in NO that people think

that the are much better than the actuall are at reading bod language. )ost people

inaccuratel believed that shift eesE meant a person was ling. / person&s bodlanguage response when defending themselves against the accusation that the have lied

is identical to the bod language used during ling. Geuro linguistic programminge!perts 'GL4- would caution that the rule of thumb is to use a minimum of four bod

language cues to make 6udgments about a person&s thoughts.

/he $yes Link to the )enses

"he gaAe of a person&s ees can also tell ou whether the are in a visual, auditor, or kinestheticmode of thinking.

"he visual mode means that the person is supporting their thoughts with images. "heees will be looking either upward or forward and unfocused.

In the auditor mode, thoughts are described as sounds. /t these times, the person will be

looking to the sides, in the directions of their ears.

/nd kinesthetic thinking means that the person is describing feelings to ou. "he ees

will generall gaAe downward. 9oupling this knowledge with what ou have alreadlearned, ou will now have to rel on several additional cues to decide whether this is

guilt or deep introspection.

/he $yes in (lirting ! Inter'ersonal Relationshi's

If a person is looking ou directl in the ee, ou would likel believe that the are moredominant than submissive. /ccording to Dr. =obert


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other person&s ees to gauge reactions more often. 1e movement along with other bod

language is a better indicator, such as dominant people fiddle with ob6ects less than

submissive people.

/nother downward ee movement is the momentar ee contact and then downward

gaAe that women unconsciousl use while flirting. "his gaAe probabl could also becategoriAed as submissive. 5ut like the other ee movements alread mentioned, Susan

=abin, communications consultant and author of + ?as to 3lirtE advises that eecontact plus other bod language are important for flirting. "he ee contact used during

flirting 7 other interpersonal e!changes can take man forms.

)ore 5od Language 7 =elated3eatures on 5lifaloo.com(

How to Detect Lies

Learn the secrets to become a human liedetector.

1e )ovement and Ling

How to tell if someone is ling based on

the movements of their ees.

3lirting 5od Language

Learn how men and women use non8verbal communication

in courtship.

"his article from the 559relationships web page describes how ee movement indicates

the level of relationship a person has with someone and whether the have reached thelevel of flirting. "he call it the flirting triangle. 1es move from one side of a triangle

across to the other and down to the point of the triangle. In a flirtatious situation it opens

up much more broadl to include the entire bod.


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9heck out our article about the 5od Language of 3lirtingto learn more about ee

contact and other flirting cues.

In a business relationship, the ee contact will remain at ee level with the bottom of thetriangle being the bridge of the nose. 5etween friends, the bottom of the triangle will

e!tend to the mouth.

onclusion

?ith all this information, ou should be able to read minds solel through ee contact...orat least draw much more effective emoticons than ou ever thought possible.

Have our own tips or commentsF 4lease feel to share them below.
http://www.blifaloo.com/info/flirting-body-language.phphttp://www.blifaloo.com/info/flirting-body-language.php

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