Determine Cause of Variances Determine Cause of Variances Between Expected and Actual Between Expected and Actual

Army G-1 CaseArmy G-1 Case

1

People CostPeople Cost

2

Terminal Learning ObjectiveTerminal Learning Objective

• Task: Determine Cause of Variances Between Expected and Actual Results

• Condition: You are training to become an ACE with access to ICAM course handouts, readings, and spreadsheet tools and awareness of Operational Environment (OE)/Contemporary Operational Environment (COE) variables and actors.

• Standard: with at least 80% accuracy• Describe information needs for personnel management• Prepare reconciliation for After Action Review

3

Our mission is to develop, manage and manage and executeexecute all manpower and personnel plans, programs and policies — across all Army Components — for the entire Army team. •Our vision for the human resource enterprise is a team of HR professionals dedicated to supporting and empowering Soldiers, Civilians, Families and Veterans worldwide in an era of persistent conflict. •We will recruit, retain and sustain a high quality volunteer force through innovative and effective enterprise solutions. •We will ensure HR readiness of the Total Army across the full spectrum of operations. (emphasis added)

Army G-1Army G-1

4

Army G-1Army G-1

$68.5BFY 2011 Military Manpower Appropriation

5

Monthly Military Personnel ReviewMonthly Military Personnel ReviewM2PRM2PR

• Monthly meeting to manage and executemanage and execute• This meeting is chaired by the Army G-1 LTG

Bostick and attended by all the principals in personnel and manpower areas• Active Component (MPA)• Reserves (RPA)• National Guard (NGPA)

• We will look at the evolution of this meeting towards better cost management and control

6

August 2009Monthly Military Personnel Review

Briefing Date Briefing Date 27August 200927August 2009Location 2E477Location 2E477

Executive SessionExecutive Session

7

8Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

To inform the G-1 on the current status of MILPERS appropriations, crosswalk requirements with resources, and to address available resources to support Manning the Force.

Purpose

Brief: Briefed by: DAPE-PRR

9Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

M2PR Agenda

• Opening Remarks

• Due Outs from last month’s M2PR

• Program Assessment Summary

• FY09 Appropriation Review– MPA– RPA– NGPA

• FY09 Army Force Structure Review

• FY09 Program Charts (Amber/Red)

Brief: Briefed by: DAPE-PRR

These are the components of military manpower: Active duty, Reserve, and National

Guard pay appropriations

10Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

Assessment

Brief: Briefed by: DAPE-PRR

Title Brief Title Brief

Resources Attrition6 AC - FY09 MPA Execution √ 35 FY09 Basic Training Fill Rates G G A √8 USAR - FY09 RPA Execution √ 36 FY09 One Station Unit Training Fill Rates G G A √

10 ARNG - FY09 NGPA Execution √ 37 Training Base AttritionForce Structure 38 USAR Training Base Attrition

12 AC Force Structure √ 39 ARNG Training Base Attrition 13 USAR Force Structure √ Enlisted Policy 14 ARNG Force Structure √ 40 Enlisted Policy Initiatives G G

Strength Enlisted Gains 15 AC Strength √ 41 Enlisted Gains 19 USAR Selected Reserve Strength √ 42 FY09 USAR Enlisted Accessions21 ARNG Selected Reserve Strength √ 43 FY09 ARNG Enlisted Accessions

Enlisted Initiatives23 USAR AGR Strength 44 Enlistment Bonus24 ARNG AGR Strength 45 Army College Fund25 FY09 Mobilization √ 46 Loan Repayment Program26 FY09 ADOS √ 47 USAR Selected Reserve Enlisted Incentives27 FY09 USAR AT Monthly Execution 48 ARNG Selected Reserve Enlistment Incentives28 FY09 ARNG AT Monthly Execution Retention/Reenlistment29 FY09 USAR IDT Monthly Execution 49 FY09 AC Retention Mission 30 FY09 ARNG IDT Monthly Execution 50 FY09 RC Transition Mission

Officer Policy 51 FY09 USAR Reenlistment31 Officer Policy Initiatives G A R G √ 52 FY09 ARNG Reenlistment

Officer Accession 53 FY09 Selective Reenlistment Bonus √32 AC Officer Accessions Other33 USAR Officer Accessions 54 FY09 Subsistence Program34 ARNG Officer Accessions 55 FY09 PCS Program

G

Status

G

GG

Status

A

R

A

G

GG

G

G

GG

G

GA

GG

GG

GG

GGG

G

GG

GGG

R

AA

GG

G

11Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

Major Components

Assessment

Brief: Briefed by: DAPE-PRR

Title Brief Title Brief

Resources Attrition6 AC - FY09 MPA Execution √ 35 FY09 Basic Training Fill Rates G G A √8 USAR - FY09 RPA Execution √ 36 FY09 One Station Unit Training Fill Rates G G A √

10 ARNG - FY09 NGPA Execution √ 37 Training Base AttritionForce Structure 38 USAR Training Base Attrition

12 AC Force Structure √ 39 ARNG Training Base Attrition 13 USAR Force Structure √ Enlisted Policy 14 ARNG Force Structure √ 40 Enlisted Policy Initiatives G G

Strength Enlisted Gains 15 AC Strength √ 41 Enlisted Gains 19 USAR Selected Reserve Strength √ 42 FY09 USAR Enlisted Accessions21 ARNG Selected Reserve Strength √ 43 FY09 ARNG Enlisted Accessions

Enlisted Initiatives23 USAR AGR Strength 44 Enlistment Bonus24 ARNG AGR Strength 45 Army College Fund25 FY09 Mobilization √ 46 Loan Repayment Program26 FY09 ADOS √ 47 USAR Selected Reserve Enlisted Incentives27 FY09 USAR AT Monthly Execution 48 ARNG Selected Reserve Enlistment Incentives28 FY09 ARNG AT Monthly Execution Retention/Reenlistment29 FY09 USAR IDT Monthly Execution 49 FY09 AC Retention Mission 30 FY09 ARNG IDT Monthly Execution 50 FY09 RC Transition Mission

Officer Policy 51 FY09 USAR Reenlistment31 Officer Policy Initiatives G A R G √ 52 FY09 ARNG Reenlistment

Officer Accession 53 FY09 Selective Reenlistment Bonus √32 AC Officer Accessions Other33 USAR Officer Accessions 54 FY09 Subsistence Program34 ARNG Officer Accessions 55 FY09 PCS Program

G

Status

G

GG

Status

A

R

A

G

GG

G

G

GG

G

GA

GG

GG

GG

GGG

G

GG

GGG

R

AA

GG

G

Green, amber, and red status assessments

12Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

PROGRAM OCT08 NOV08 DEC08 JAN09 FEB09 MAR09 APR09 MAY09 JUN09 JUL09 AUG09 SEP09

Spend Plan 4.1 7.7 11.5 15.5 19.5 23.6 27.7 31.8 36.0 40.3 44.6 49.2 Delta - 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 Actual 4.1 7.8 11.5 15.5 19.5 23.6 27.7 31.9 36.1 40.5

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

OCT08 NOV08 DEC08 JAN09 FEB09 MAR09 APR09 MAY09 JUN09 JUL09 AUG09 SEP09

($B)

Actual

Current Funding

Spend Plan

FY09 MPA Execution

Briefed by: SAFM-BUOBrief:

AR

Current Funding = $49.05B

Total Requirement = $49.22BBase 36.38 Bridge 0.84 Main Supplemental 11.75 Stop Loss and Other 0.08 Current Funding 49.05 FY09 Total Requirement 49.22 Shortfall (0.17)

FY09 MPA Funding ($B)

13Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

PROGRAM OCT08 NOV08 DEC08 JAN09 FEB09 MAR09 APR09 MAY09 JUN09 JUL09 AUG09 SEP09

Spend Plan 4.1 7.7 11.5 15.5 19.5 23.6 27.7 31.8 36.0 40.3 44.6 49.2 Delta - 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 Actual 4.1 7.8 11.5 15.5 19.5 23.6 27.7 31.9 36.1 40.5

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

OCT08 NOV08 DEC08 JAN09 FEB09 MAR09 APR09 MAY09 JUN09 JUL09 AUG09 SEP09

($B)

Actual

Current Funding

Spend Plan

FY09 MPA Execution

Briefed by: SAFM-BUOBrief:

AR

Current Funding = $49.05B

Total Requirement = $49.22BBase 36.38 Bridge 0.84 Main Supplemental 11.75 Stop Loss and Other 0.08 Current Funding 49.05 FY09 Total Requirement 49.22 Shortfall (0.17)

FY09 MPA Funding ($B)

What is the story?

14Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

Analysis: Recommendation/Resolution:

Brief: Briefed by: USAR

FY09 RPA Execution

PROGRAM OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

Spend Plan 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.9 4.3Obligations 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.4 0.0 0.0Delta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.1) (0.0) 3.9 4.3

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

($B

)

ActualProjected FundingFY09 Total RequirementCurrent FundingSpend Plan

Current Funding = $4.3BTotal Requirement = $4.3B

Base 3.9 Main Supplemental 0.4 Current Funding 4.3 FY09 Total Requirement 4.3 Shortfall -

FY09 RPA Funding ($B)G

15Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11Brief: Briefed by: USAR

FY09 RPA Execution

PROGRAM OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

Spend Plan 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.9 4.3Obligations 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.4 0.0 0.0Delta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.1) (0.0) 3.9 4.3

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

($B

)

ActualProjected FundingFY09 Total RequirementCurrent FundingSpend Plan

Current Funding = $4.3BTotal Requirement = $4.3B

Base 3.9 Main Supplemental 0.4 Current Funding 4.3 FY09 Total Requirement 4.3 Shortfall -

FY09 RPA Funding ($B)G

What is the story?

16Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY09 NGPA Execution

Briefed by: ARNGBrief:

PROGRAM OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 09FY09 PB

6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59Funding

7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76FY09 Total

8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80Current

6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89Spend Plan 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.6 7.4 8.1 8.7Obligated 0.7 1.3 2.1 2.8 3.7 4.2 5.0 5.7 6.1 7.4 0.0 0.0Delta 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 8.1 8.7

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

($B

)

Actual

Spend Plan

FY09 Total Requirement

Base 6.6 OCO Supplemental 1.9 Counter Drug 0.2 Current Funding 8.7 FY09 Total Requirement 8.7

FY09 NGPA Funding ($B)

Total Requirement = $8.7BCurrent Funding = $8.7B

17Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY09 NGPA Execution

Briefed by: ARNGBrief:

PROGRAM OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 09FY09 PB

6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59Funding

7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76 7.76FY09 Total

8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80Current

6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89 6.89Spend Plan 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.6 7.4 8.1 8.7Obligated 0.7 1.3 2.1 2.8 3.7 4.2 5.0 5.7 6.1 7.4 0.0 0.0Delta 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 8.1 8.7

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

OCT 08 NOV 08 DEC 08 JAN 09 FEB 09 MAR 09 APR 09 MAY 09 JUN 09 JUL 09 AUG 09 SEP 09

($B

)

Actual

Spend Plan

FY09 Total Requirement

Base 6.6 OCO Supplemental 1.9 Counter Drug 0.2 Current Funding 8.7 FY09 Total Requirement 8.7

FY09 NGPA Funding ($B)

Total Requirement = $8.7BCurrent Funding = $8.7B

What is the story?

LTC Mark GorakLTC Mark Gorak

• LTC Mark Gorak is the MILPERS Branch Chief in the Plans and Resources Division: G-1

• He attended the Cost Management Certificate Course and left with distinct impressions of two critically needed changes• 1. Masses of data must be translated into information• 2. The AAR is the most important management component

• LTC Gorak began changing the culture of the M2PR in conjunction with his boss COL Rahe and the G-1 LTG Bostick

18

Check on LearningCheck on Learning

• What does M2PR stand for?• What is the purpose of the review?

19

Monthly Military Personnel ReviewMonthly Military Personnel Review

• The following three pages are the MPA, RPA, and NGPA slides from the January 2011 M2PR• Many pages• Thousands of numbers

• Break into groups and prepare a summary for LTG Bostick keeping in mind LTC Gorak’s twin goals of• Translating data into information• Setting the stage for an effective after action review

20

21FOUO – PredecisionalBrief:Briefed by: Approved by:

FOUO – Predecisional

JAN 2011 M2PR, Data as of 31DEC10

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Budget (PB & OCO) $4.34 $4.14 $4.37 $4.30 $4.41 $4.49 $4.43 $4.31 $4.42 $4.32 $4.31 $4.82

Execution (Plan) $4.16 $4.23 $4.35 $4.38 $4.33 $4.40 $4.26 $4.29 $4.52 $4.36 $4.37 $4.67

Cum Execution (Plan) $4.16 $8.39 $12.74 $17.12 $21.45 $25.86 $30.11 $34.40 $38.91 $43.27 $47.64 $52.31

Cum Budget $4.34 $8.48 $12.85 $17.14 $21.55 $26.04 $30.47 $34.78 $39.20 $43.52 $47.83 $52.65

Total Received $9.20 $9.20 $22.20 $22.20 $22.20

$3.8

$3.9

$4.0

$4.1

$4.2

$4.3

$4.4

$4.5

$4.6

$4.7

Reso

urce

s($

B)

FY10 Enacted PB Request HAC-D SACBase $41.00 $41.97 $41.35 $41.82OCO $11.27 $10.68 $11.32 $10.68Other (FCF & Supp) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00Current Funding $52.27 $52.65 $52.67 $52.50FY11 Total Requirement $52.32 $52.32 $52.32 $52.32Asset(shortfall) $0.33 $0.35 $0.18

FY11 MPA Funding Request ($B)

FY10 Base + OCO Funding:

$52.21B

FY 11 MPA Execution

CRA Allotment thru 4 Mar $22.2B

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

es

OSD FY10 Annualized CRA Total

Jan

22Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY 11 NGPA Projected ExecutionBase (Pres Bud) 7,624 OCO (Projected) 828 Counter Drug 40 Current Funding 8,493 FY11 Total Requirement 8,493

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Budget $620 $691 $714 $682 $810 $719 $655 $557 $553 $1,128 $692 $672

Execution $627 $608 $630 $842 $810 $719 $655 $557 $553 $1,128 $692 $672

Spend Plan $620 $1,311 $2,025 $2,707 $3,517 $4,236 $4,891 $5,448 $6,001 $7,129 $7,821 $8,493

Current Plan $627 $1,235 $1,865 $2,707 $3,517 $4,236 $4,891 $5,448 $6,001 $7,129 $7,821 $8,493

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Reso

urce

s($

M)

ARNG COL Kraft

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

es

Jan

23Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY 11 RPA ExecutionHAC-D DELTA SAC-D DELTA

Base 4.397 4.361 36M 4.321 76MOCO 0.268 0.268 0 0.268 0Current Funding 4.665 4.629 4.589

FY11 RPA Funding ($B)

FY10 Base + OCO Funding:$4.58B

ARCOL Fulgham

Source: STANFINS

Current CRA Allotment: $1,956MThru 4 Mar 11

Current CRA Allotment: $1,956MThru 4 Mar 11

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

esJan

Jan M2PR Team TasksJan M2PR Team Tasks

• Prepare one slide summarizing the intelligence input

• Prepare one slide summarizing the key issues that G-1 should expect to be answered in the review

24

Group PresentationsGroup Presentations

25

Monthly Military Personnel ReviewMonthly Military Personnel Review

• Comparison to expectation is a key component of an effective AAR

• The following three slides show the same three areas from the previous review in November 2010

• Task: Break into teams and analyze Dec YTD and FY11 in comparison to the last plan made in November

26

27Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY 11 MPA Execution

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Budget (PB & OCO) $4.24 $4.10 $4.31 $4.40 $4.35 $4.59 $4.39 $4.34 $4.54 $4.39 $4.31 $4.34

Execution (Plan) $4.20 $4.10 $4.31 $4.40 $4.35 $4.59 $4.39 $4.34 $4.54 $4.39 $4.31 $4.34

Cum Execution (Plan) $4.20 $8.30 $12.61 $17.00 $21.36 $25.95 $30.35 $34.69 $39.23 $43.62 $47.93 $52.27

Cum Budget $4.24 $8.34 $12.65 $17.04 $21.40 $25.99 $30.39 $34.73 $39.27 $43.66 $47.97 $52.31

Total Received $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $51.07 $52.50 $52.33

$3.8

$3.9

$4.0

$4.1

$4.2

$4.3

$4.4

$4.5

$4.6

$4.7

Res

ourc

es($

B)

PB Request Delta HAC-D Delta SACBase $41.97 ($0.62) $41.35 ($0.15) $41.82OCO $10.68 $0.64 $11.32 $0.00 $10.68Other (FCF & Supp) $0.00 $0.00Current Funding $52.65 $0.02 $52.67 ($0.15) $52.50FY11 Total Requirement $52.31 $52.31 $52.31Asset(shortfall) $0.34 $0.36 $0.19

FY11 MPA Funding Request ($B)

FY10 Base + OCO Funding:

$52.21B

CRA Allotment thru

3 Dec $9.2B

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

esNov

28Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY 11 NGPA Projected ExecutionBase (Pres Bud) 7,624 OCO (Projected) 828 Current Funding 8,452 FY10 Total Requirement 8,452

Oct

Budget $620 $691 $714 $682 $810 $719 $655 $557 $553 $1,128 $692 $631

Execution $627 $691 $714 $682 $810 $719 $655 $557 $553 $1,128 $692 $631

Spend Plan $620 $1,311 $2,025 $2,707 $3,517 $4,236 $4,891 $5,448 $6,001 $7,129 $7,821 $8,452

Current Plan $627 $1,318 $2,032 $2,714 $3,524 $4,243 $4,898 $5,455 $6,008 $7,136 $7,828 $8,459

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Reso

urce

s($

M)

ARNG COL Kraft

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

esNov

29Brief:Briefed by: Approved by: MAR2011 M2PR, Data as of 28FEB11

FY 11 RPA ExecutionHAC-D DELTA SAC-D DELTA

Base 4.397 4.361 36M 4.321 76MOCO 0.268 0.268 0 0.268 0Current Funding 4.665 4.629 4.589

FY11 RPA Funding ($B)

FY10 Base + OCO Funding:$4.58B

ARCOL Fulgham

Source: STANFINS

Current CRA Allotment: $806M

Current CRA Allotment: $806M

G G

Mis

sion

Res

ourc

esNov

Group PresentationsGroup Presentations

30

ResultsResults

Dec YTD Dec YTD Dec YTD FY11 FY11 FY11current previous delta current previous delta

mpa 12740 12610 (130) 52310 52270 (40)ngpa 1865 2032 167 8493 8459 (34)rpa 983 1119 136 4665 4665 0 total 15588 15761 173 65468 65394 (74)

1. Interpret and formulate a hypothesis for each variance 2. What should the G-1 expect from the accountable presenter?

31

Getting the Story:Getting the Story:After Action ReconciliationAfter Action Reconciliation

Case A Case BSpendingWhat was Expected $X $XWhat was Achieved $X - $20 $X+$20Delta $20 ($20)

Reconciliation FormatGood News Story $ $Good News Story $ $Bad News Story ($) ($)Bad News Story ($) ($)Total Explained $20 ($20)

32

AnecdoteAnecdote

• The G-1 immediately took steps to include variance analyses like the one you developed

• At the next meeting one General Officer expressed surprise at “his” variance. • He said he had never seen it before and

couldn’t explain it.• How should the G-1 react?• What should the G-1 expect?

33

Optional ExerciseOptional Exercise

• Break into teams and brainstorm scenarios where this approach could be applied to meetings in which team members currently participate

• Pick one and brief it to the class in a slide or two

34