deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft d r - dfg · 6wdwxv xqg 3huvshnwlyhq ghu $vwurqrplh lq...
TRANSCRIPT
6WDWXV�XQG�3HUVSHNWLYHQ�GHU�$VWURQRPLH�LQ�'HXWVFKODQG�����������
DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft
Denkschrift
RD
S
5HGDNWLRQVNRPPLWWHH�
$QGUHDV�%XUNHUW5HLQKDUG�*HQ]HO*�QWKHU�+DVLQJHU*UHJRU�0RUILOO��9RUVLW]�3HWHU�6FKQHLGHU
'HWOHY�.RHVWHU��5'6�9RUVLW]HQGHU�
,QKDOW
� *ROGHQH�3KDVH�GHU�$VWURSK\VLN
� =XN�QIWLJH�)RUVFKXQJVWKHPHQ�XQG�2EVHUYDWRULHQ
� 6WUXNWXU��(PSIHKOXQJHQ�XQG�JHJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
Prof. Dr. Günther Hasingerhttp://www.mpe.mpg.de/~ghasingerMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische PhysikVorsitzender des Rates deutscher Sternwarten (2004-2007)
*ROGHQH�3KDVH�GHU�$VWURSK\VLN
� 3DUDGLJPHQZHFKVHO��'XQNOH�0DWHULH�XQG�'XQNOH�(QHUJLH�
� 3DUDGLJPHQZHFKVHO��6FKZDU]H�/|FKHU
� 'XUFKEUXFK��([WUDVRODUH�3ODQHWHQ
'DV�(FKR�GHV�8UNQDOOV
'HU�NRVPRORJLVFKH�=HLWSODQ
7HLOFKHQSK\VLN� $VWURSK\VLN
���
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
6WHUQH�EUHQQHQ�DXV
:HLVVH�=ZHUJH9HUQLFKWHQ'XQNOH�0DWHULH
3URWRQHQ]HUIDOO"
6FKZDU]H�/|FKHU�]HUVWUDKOHQ
'LH
�XQYRUVWHOOE
DUH�
=XN
XQIW
Röntgen-Bild (ROSAT)
526$7
Röntgen-Bild (Chandra)
&KDQGUD
Infrarot-Bild (VLT)R. Genzel, MPE
9/7��(62�
Schwarzes Loch mit 2-3 Millionen
Sonnenmassen
Sgr A*
8QVHUH�0LOFKVWUDVVH
Stellares Schwarzes Loch
'HPRVNRSLH�6FKZDU]HU�/|FKHU
6XSHU�PDVVHUHLFKH�6FKZDU]H�/|FKHU�LQ�SUDNWLVFK�DOOHQ�*DOD[LHQ�PLW�]HQWUDOHU�9HUGLFNXQJ
����IUHVVHQ�0DWHULH��VWUDKOHQ�KHOO�VFKLH�HQ�0DWHULHVWUDKOHQ�DXV
$NWLYH�6FKZDU]H�/|FKHU
NGC 6240 optisch/ESO 2.2m
Röntgen/Chandra
6FKZDU]HV�'RSSHOORFK
(QWVWHKXQJ�GHV�6RQQHQV\VWHPV
YRU�FD�������0UG�-DKUHQ
6LQG�ZLU�DOOHLQ�LP�$OO"
3ODQHWHQ�XQG�&KHPLVFKH�(OHPHQWH
Eisenhäufigkeit relativ zur Sonne
% S
tern
e m
it gr
oßen
Pla
nete
n
Planeten entstehen bevorzugt in Sternsystemen mit großer Häufigkeit von schweren Elementen !
Bewohnbare Planeten nur in einer begrenzten „habitablen“ Zone in unserer Galaxie ?!
=XN�QIWLJH�)RUVFKXQJVWKHPHQ�XQG�2EVHUYDWRULHQ
� 'DV�8QLYHUVXP��(QWVWHKXQJ��(QWZLFNOXQJ�XQG�JU|�UlXPLJH�6WUXNWXU
� *DOD[LHQ�XQG�PDVVHUHLFKH�6FKZDU]H�/|FKHU
� 0DWHULHNUHLVODXI�XQG�6WHUQHQWZLFNOXQJ
� 6WHUQ� XQG�3ODQHWHQHQWVWHKXQJ
⇒:HOOHQOlQJHQ��EHUJUHLIHQGH�%HREDFKWXQJ��7KHRULH��QXPHULVFK��DQDO\WLVFK����
SOFIA
Large Binocular Telescope
��2NWDYH
���2NWDYHQ�����Å*UDQG�3LDQRV´�
ALMA
VLTI
XEUS
LISA
Planck
Herschel
6WUXNWXUHPSIHKOXQJHQ
�� :HLWHUH�%HWHLOLJXQJ�DQ�(62�XQG�(6$
�� *UXQGILQDQ]LHUXQJ�YRQ�03(��:*/�������')*
�� 6S�UEDUH�9HUEHVVHUXQJ�GHU�$VWURQRPLH�DQ�8QLYHUVLWlWHQ��LQVEHVRQGHUH�3HUVRQDO
�� .RQVROLGLHUXQJ�XQG�$XIVWRFNXQJ�GHU�*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ�LP�:HOWUDXP
�� (UKDOWXQJ�XQG�$XVEDX�GHU�9HUEXQGIRUVFKXQJ
*HJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
�� :HLWHUH�%HWHLOLJXQJ�DQ�(62�XQG�(6$
� 'LH�ODQJIULVWLJ�DEJHVLFKHUWHQ��LQWHUQDWLRQDOHQ�9HUSIOLFKWXQJHQ�EHL�GHU�(XURSlLVFKHQ�6�GVWHUQZDUWH��(62��XQG�GHU�(XURSlLVFKHQ�5DXPIDKUWDJHQWXU��(6$��VLQG�GHU]HLW�GDV�ZHVHQWOLFKH�VWDELOLVLHUHQGH�(OHPHQW�GHU�)|UGHUXQJ�GHU�$VWURSK\VLN��
*HJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
�����*UXQGILQDQ]LHUXQJ�YRQ�03(��:*/�������')*
� 6WUXNWXUHOOHV�'HIL]LW�XQG�NXU]IULVWLJH�6WUHLFKXQJ�GULQJHQG�QRWZHQGLJHU�=XZlFKVH�I�KUWHQ�]XU�$XIJDEH�YRQ�)RUVFKXQJVDEWHLOXQJHQ�XQG�]X�����.�U]XQJ�GHU�IUHLHQ�)RUVFKXQJVPLWWHO��
� 3URMHNWI|UGHUPLWWHO�GHV�%XQGHV�LQ�*HIDKU�
� 'LH�')*�%HZLOOLJXQJVTXRWH�VLQNW�
*HJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
�����6S�UEDUH�9HUEHVVHUXQJ�GHU�$VWURQRPLH�DQ�8QLYHUVLWlWHQ��LQVEHVRQGHUH�3HUVRQDO
'LH�GXUFK�6SDU]ZlQJH�YHUXUVDFKWH�(QWZLFNOXQJ�JHKW�OHLGHU�LQ�GLH�IDOVFKH�5LFKWXQJ��,P�LQWHUQDWLRQDOHQ�9HUJOHLFK�JLEW�HV��LQ�'HXWVFKODQG�YLHO�]X�ZHQLJH�$VWURSK\VLNHU�DQ�GHQ�8QLYHUVLWlWHQ��ZHOFKH�GLH�VLJQLILNDQWHQ�,QYHVWLWLRQHQ�QLFKW�RSWLPDO�Q�W]HQ�N|QQHQ�
*HJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
�� .RQVROLGLHUXQJ�XQG�$XIVWRFNXQJ�GHU�*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ�LP�:HOWUDXP
� 'LH�QHJDWLYH�(QWZLFNOXQJ�LP�QDWLRQDOHQ�:HOWUDXP�SURJUDPP KDW�VLFK�YHUVWlUNW��'XUFK�ZHLWHUH�.�U]XQJHQ�GHU�PLWWHOIULVWLJHQ�)LQDQ]SODQXQJ�����0½��XQG�+DXVKDOWVVSHUUHQ�����0½��VWHKW�GDV�'/5�LQ]ZLVFKHQ�YRU�HLQHU�XQKDOWEDUHQ�6LWXDWLRQ��'HXWVFKODQG�YHUOLHUW�GLH�,QLWLDWLYIlKLJNHLW��7HFKQRORJLH�ZDQGHUW�LQV�$XVODQG�DE��2KQH�3URMHNWPLWWHO�GHV�'/5�I�U�03*�XQG�:*/��ZLUG�HV�ODQJIULVWLJ��NHLQH�*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ�LP�:HOWUDXP�PHKU�JHEHQ�
Quelle: Wissenschaftsrat/BMBF
nationales Programm
NationalesWeltraumprogramm
ROSAT
%0%)�$XVJDEHQ�I�U�*UR�JHUlWH�GHU�*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ
([WUDWHUUHVWULVFKH�*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Jahr
0LR
�¼
national (soll)
ESA
national (ist)
NASA/50
HeliosROSAT
?
!
*HJHQZlUWLJHU�6WDQG
�� (UKDOWXQJ�XQG�$XVEDX�GHU�9HUEXQGIRUVFKXQJ
� 6SDU]ZlQJH�KDEHQ�EHUHLWV�]X�ZHLWHUHQ�.�U]XQJHQ�JHI�KUW�² PLWWHOIULVWLJ�LVW�GLH�([LVWHQ]�GHU�9HUEXQGIRUVFKXQJ�LQ�*HIDKU��
3OlGR\HU
*UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ�VWHKW�DP�$QIDQJ�GHU�:HUWVFK|SIXQJVNHWWH��'HU�ZLFKWLJVWH�5RKVWRII�XQVHUHV�/DQGHV�OLHJW�LQ�GHQ�.|SIHQ�GHU�-XJHQG��'LH�JHJHQZlUWLJH�(QWZLFNOXQJ�I�KUW�GD]X��GDVV�LPPHU�PHKU�XQVHUHU�EHVWHQ�.|SIH�LQV�$XVODQG�DEZDQGHUQ�P�VVHQ��
Å:LU�HVVHQ�XQVHU�6DDWJXW�DXI´�