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y History of blueooth

Harald I Bluetooth (Danish Harald Blåtand) was the King of Denmark between 940 and 985

AD. The name "Blåtand" was probably taken from two old Danish words, 'blå' meaning dark

skinned and 'tan' meaning great man. He was born in 910 as the son of King Grom The Old

(King of Jutland, the main peninsula of Denmark) and his wife Thyre Danebold (daughter of

King Ethelred of England). Like many Vikings, Harald considered it honorable to fight for

treasure in foreign lands. When Harald's sister Gunhild was widowed after the death of the

violent Norwegian king Erik Blood Axe, she came to Denmark to seek Harald's help in securing

control of Norway. Harald took the opportunity to seize control himself. By 960 he was at the

height of his powers, ruling over both Denmark and Norway. He was baptized by a priest named

Poppo, sent by the German emperor. He then created a monument that read: "King Harald raised

this monument to the memory of Grom his father and Thyre his mother. Harald conquered all of

Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian". These words were also carved in stone

called rune stones. Harald was killed in a battle in 985. Harald completed the country's

unification begun by his father, converted the Danes to Christianity, and conquered Norway. The

expansion begun by Harald in Norway was continued by his son Sweyn I, who conquered

England in 1013. Under Sweyn's son Canute there grew up a great Anglo-Scandinavian kingdom

that included parts of Sweden. Old Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth of

today will unite the worlds of computers and telecom (hopefully longer than the few years

Harald's Viking kingdom survived). In 1994 Ericsson Mobile Communications initiated a study

to investigate the feasibility of a low-power low-cost radio interface between mobile phones and

their accessories. In Feb 1998, five companies Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel formed a

Special Interest Group (SIG). The group contained the necessary

business sector members - two market leaders in mobile telephony, two market leaders in

laptop computing and a market leader in digital signal processing technology. It is estimated that

before year 2002, Bluetooth will be a built-in feature for more than 100 million mobile phones



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and several million communication devices ranging from handsets and portable PCs to desktop

computers and notebooks.

y Definition: BlueTooth

is a specification for the use of low-power radio communications to wirelessly link phones,

computers and other network devices over short distances. The name "Bluetooth" is borrowed

from Harald Bluetooth, a king in Denmark more than 1,000 years ago.

y W hat Is Bluetooth

Well it isn't some strange form of tooth decay as you might initially imagine. Bluetooth is thename of a new technology that is now becoming commercially available. It promises to changesignificantly the way we use machines.

y W hy is It Called Bluetooth?

The developers of this wireless technology first used the name "Bluetooth" as a code name, butas time passed, the name stuck.

The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth. KingBluetooth had been influential in uniting Scandinavian Europe during an era when the regionwas torn apart by wars and feuding clans.

The founders of the Bluetooth SIG felt the name was fitting because:

1) Bluetooth technology was first developed in Scandinavia, and

2) Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing industries such as the cell phone, computing,and automotive markets. Bluetooth wireless technology simplifies and combines multiple formsof wireless communication into a single, secure, low-power, low-cost, globally available radio



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frequency.

o How does Bluetooth work?

A small bluetooth microchip, incorporating a radio transceiver, is built into digital devices,such as a cell phone or mobile computer. Bluetooth makes these connections without any wire. Itreplaces the cables by taking information normally carried by cable, and transmitting it at aspecial frequency to a receiving bluetooth. The purpose of bluetooth is to have fast and securetransmissions of voice and data, even if devices are not next to each other. The bluetoothspecification has, "two power levels defined; a lower power level that covers the shorter personalarea within a room, and a higher power level that can cover a medium range, such as within ahome".* The software is what controls and identifies the coding built into each microchip toensure that only those units preset by their owners can communicate. Bluetooth is evolving dueto companies that have merged together to create this communication system. There are nine

companies

y Frequency hoppingFrequency hopping is basically jumping from frequency

to frequency within the ISM radio band. After abluetooth device sends or receives a packet, itand the device (or devices) it's communicating withhop to another frequency before the next packet issent. This scheme offers three advantages:one. Allows Bluetooth devices to use theentirety of the available ISM band, while never

transmitting from a fixed frequency for more than ashort period of time. This helps insure thatBluetooth conforms to the ISM restrictions on thetransmission quantity per frequency.2. Ensures that any interference won'tlast long. Any packet that doesn't arrive safelyto its destination can be resent to the nextfrequency.3. Supplies a base level of security asit's very hard for an eavesdropping device to predictwhich frequency the Bluetooth devices will use

next.



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y U sing Bluetooth

The impressive technology of Bluetooth presents a greatway of exchanging data between two wireless devices.

Unlike telephones, there are no wires or messyleads to worry about. You can enjoy wirelesscommunications with short distances of up to thirty

feet. Bluetooth also offers interoperability, meaning thatyou can use your portable Bluetooth device to connectwith existing Bluetooth points. This way, you won'thave to carry a data lead or CDs of drivers almostwith you everywhere you go. You can enjoy the bestof wireless without having to worry about installingyour software.

With today's Bluetooth, you can use your PDA & cellphone to surf the net or check emails as you travel.If you are in the business field, this can be verybeneficial, especially if you like to check your email throughout the day. Bluetooth will enable youto check your email no matter where you are - whichis great news for those who like to travel.

Bluetooth will also enable to you to transfer filesas well, such as MP3 and photo to and from your mobile

device. Bluetooth dominates the world of short rangewireless, enabling you to do more than you mayhave thought possible.

One of the best things to Bluetooth and somethingeveryone loves is the wireless headset. Bluetoothoffers wire free headsets for your cell phone or computer, which is great for those who like to walk around or talk on the phone in the car, withouthaving to worry about your hands getting in the way.

To make things even better, you can use a BluetoothGPS device for satellite navigation on your PDA,laptop, or mobile. If you travel - this can bereally great to have.



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y Bluetooth Profiles

o The profile found in Bluetooth will describe howthe technology is used. Profiles can be most terrific

described as vertical slices through the protocolstack. It will define options in each protocolthat are mandatory for the profile.

The profile will also define the parameter rangesfor each protocol. The idea of the profile isused to decrease the risk of interoperabilityproblems between the different products. Theseprofiles won't normally define any additions tothe Bluetooth specification, which is why you canadd new profiles where you need them. The

Bluetooth underlying technology is the same, onlythe specific method that it's used is defined.

Generally speaking, all profiles of Bluetooth arebased on the GAP (Generic Access Profile). Thereare nine profiles that fall in the GAP category, andthey are below:1. AVRCP - Audio/Video Remote ControlProfile2. ESDP - Extended Service Discovery Profile3. CIP - Common ISDN Access Profile

4. PAN - Public Location Network Profile5. HCRP - Hardcopy Cable Replacement

Profile6. GAVDP - Generic Audio/Visual Distribution

Profile7. A2DP - Advanced Audio Distribution Profile8. VDP - Video Distribution Profile9. HID - Human Interface Device Profile

To put it another way, usage models will describeBluetooth device applications and the associated

profiles that are used. The usage model focusesmainly on Three categories - voice/data access points,peripheral interconnects, and PAN (Personal AreaNetworking).

The voice and data access points involve connectingcomputing devices to communicating devices througha wireless link. This way, data can be transferred



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in a wireless manor, without the need of cables or other types of connectivity.

PAN is another very important usage model with

strong appeal to business customers. Bluetoothnetworks are easy to set up in virtually any typeof environment. An example would be meetingothers at a trade show.

Bluetooth application

With Bluetooth being very popular with wireless, it's

no wonder there are many applications available for

the technology. Below, you'll find the applications

for Bluetooth.

1. Wireless networking between laptops and desktopcomputers, or desktops that are in a confined spaceand little bandwidth is needed.

2. Peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and printers.

3. Cell phones with Bluetooth technology have beensold in large numbers, as they are able to connect to

computers, PDAs (Personal Data Assistant), and variousother devices. The standard also includes thesupport for more powerful and longer range devices.

4. The transfer of files, images and MP3, betweenmobile phones.

5. Certain MP3 players and digital cameras to



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transfer files to and from computers.

6. Bluetooth technology headsets for smart phonesand cell phones.

7. Data logging equipment that transmits data toa computer via Bluetooth technology.

8. Sony Playstation 3 and Nintendo Revolution willboth use Bluetooth technology for their wirelesscontrollers.

For Bluetooth, there are literally hundreds of different applications and devices available for you

to use or purchase. As you may already know,Bluetooth is the most popular wireless technologyin the world. It's very reliable, very dependable,and very hard to crack into.

There are many other applications for Bluetooth indevelopment now, many of which plan to take thewireless age to the next level. Video game systemsare using Bluetooth technology as well, for their wireless controllers. This is great news for gamingfans, as Bluetooth offers the best in wirelessdata transmission.

If you¶re curious about applications for Bluetooththat are still in development, you can search onthe internet. You can find all sorts of information,especially when it comes to Bluetooth. As thefuture arrives, you can expect Bluetooth to bringbigger and better things.



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y Bluetooth W ireless Networking

Bluetooth technology offers three different typesof defined ranges, based on output ranges. Class

1 devices are the most powerful, as they can haveup to 100 mW of power, with a regular antennagiving them a range of close to 130 - 330 feet.

The class two devices are lower power, offering upto Two.5 mW of power. A regular antenna will givethem a range of around 50 - 100 feet. Class Threedevices use even less power, up to 1 mW of power to be exact. With a regular antenna, they willhave a range of around 16 - 33 feet.

Even though you may not realize it, Bluetooth



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wireless technology has never been intended for anything other than short distance types of communication. With Bluetooth wireless, the shortrange is actually a benefit.

For one, the short range will reduce the change of interference between your devices & those thatbelong to others who are nearby. Overall, thisis a basic type of security, designed to protectyou and your devices.

Secondly, the lower power used for short rangemeans a longer battery life. Most Bluetoothdevices will get their power from a battery,meaning that anything you can do to lengthen the

battery life is very important.

The wireless networking offered by Bluetooth isactually among the most outstanding, even though it usesshort range communication. Bluetooth is usedwith wireless controllers, the internet, andeven wireless headsets.

For the best in short range technology, Bluetoothis extremely hard to beat. If you've never triedBluetooth before, now is the time. It's the best

with wireless networking, especially for thosewho enjoy hands free talking on their cell Bluetooth technology offers three different typesof defined ranges, based on output ranges. Class1 devices are the most powerful, as they can haveup to 100 mW of power, with a regular antennagiving them a range of close to 130 - 330 feet.

The class two devices are lower power, offering upto Two.5 mW of power. A regular antenna will givethem a range of around 50 - 100 feet. Class Threedevices use even less power, up to 1 mW of power to be exact. With a regular antenna, they willhave a range of around 16 - 33 feet.

Even though you may not realize it, Bluetoothwireless technology has never been intended for anything other than short distance types of communication. With Bluetooth wireless, the shortrange is actually a benefit.



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For one, the short range will reduce the change of interference between your devices & those thatbelong to others who are nearby. Overall, this

is a basic type of security, designed to protectyou and your devices.

Secondly, the lower power used for short rangemeans a longer battery life. Most Bluetoothdevices will get their power from a battery,meaning that anything you can do to lengthen thebattery life is very important.

The wireless networking offered by Bluetooth isactually among the most outstanding, even though it uses

short range communication. Bluetooth is usedwith wireless controllers, the internet, andeven wireless headsets.

For the best in short range technology, Bluetoothis extremely hard to beat. If you've never triedBluetooth before, now is the time. It's the bestwith wireless networking, especially for thosewho enjoy hands free talking on their cell phone.

y Bluetooth Technical Operations

Bluetooth is a high speed, low powered wireless link technology that's designed to connect phones or other portable equipment together with little to no work required by the user. Unlike infrared, Bluetoothdoesn't require line of site positioning to work.

Current prototype circuits are contained on a boardthat is 0.9 cm square, with a much smaller circuitboard being developed.

When 1 Bluetooth device comes in contact withanother, they will automatically exchange addressesand details of capability. Then, they can establisha 1 MB link with security that they will use asrequired. The protocols involved with handle bothdata and voice, with a very flexible topography.



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it's possible to transfer the data while you talk at the same time. Each individual voice channelwill support 64 KB.

From a technical standpoint, Bluetooth is verydifferent indeed. It's the most outstanding wireless methodin the world, surpassing even infrared. For communication on the go, Bluetooth is indeedvery hard to compete with.

y Types of Bluetooth Devices

y Bluetooth Dongle

Installing a Bluetooth dongle is easy; simply insert the CD that came with it, follow the onscreen prompts and then plug the dongle into a free USB port. If you had a Bluetooth compatiblelaptop you could just plug the dongle into an internet enabled personal computer and check your

e-mail, download Windows updates, or transfer files. On the same lines you could alsosynchronize your PDA with your personal computer and download the latest appointments, e-mails or send text messages.

Bluetooth Headset



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Bluetooth headsets are mainly used with compatible cell phones, place the headset on your ear and roam freely while talking to colleagues, friends and family. You could also connect to a

dongle on a personal computer anduse it for voice conferencing for example. A number of products exist on the market today,which all offer good sound quality and have a similar variety of features. Prices vary dependingon manufacturer but usually you can get a decent one for around $75 to $150.

y Range

The operating range depends on the device class:

Class 3 radios ± have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feetClass 2 radios ± most commonly found in mobile devices ± have a range of 10 meters or 30 feetClass 1 radios ± used primarily in industrial use cases ± have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet

y Bluetooth- Advantages:

1. WirelessAs you probably already know, there are many benefits

and advantages to using wireless devices. Along withimproving safety as a result of eliminating wiresyou don't need, wireless also offers you plenty of other advantages. When traveling with your laptopor other wireless devices, you'll no longer have toworry about bringing connection cables.

2. Bluetooth is actually inexpensiveThe technology of Bluetooth is cheap for companies



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to implement, which results in lower costs for thecompany. These savings are then passed from thecompany on to you.

3. Bluetooth is automatic

Bluetooth doesn't have you set up a connection or push any buttons. When two or more devices enter a range of up to 30 feet of each other, they willautomatically begin to communicate without youhaving to do anything.

4. Standardized protocol

Bluetooth is standardized wireless, meaning thata high level of compatibility among devices isguaranteed. Bluetooth will connect devices to

each other, even if they aren't the same model.

5. Low interference

Bluetooth devices almost always avoid interferencefrom other wireless devices. Bluetooth uses atechnique known as frequency hopping, and alsolow power wireless signals.

6. Low energy consumption

As a result of Bluetooth using low power signals,the technology requires very little energy and will

use less battery or electrical power as a result.This is an excellent benefit for mobile devices,as Bluetooth won't drain the battery.

7. Sharing voice and data

The standard for Bluetooth will allow compatibledevices to share data and voice communications.This is great for mobile phones and headsets, asBluetooth simplifies driving and talking on your cell phone.

8. Instant PAN (Personal Area Network)You can connect up to seven Bluetooth devices to

each other within a range of up to 30 feet, forminga piconet or PAN. For a single room, you canalso set up multiple piconets.

9. Upgradeable



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Upgradeable is the standard for Bluetooth. Thereare newer versions of Bluetooth in the works,which offer many new advantages and backwardcompatible with older versions.

10. The technology stays

Bluetooth technology is a worldwide, universalwireless standard. With it being as popular asit is, you can count on it being around for yearsto come. As more and more devices start to useBluetooth technology, more manufacturers will beeager to make their products compatible. A chainreaction will occur, making Bluetooth the standardfor cutting edge wireless.

y Advantage & Disadvantage

y bluetooth disadvantage



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Bluetooth has a lot to offer with an increasinglydifficult market place. Bluetooth helps to bringwith it the promise of freedom from the cables andsimplicity in networking that has yet to be matched

by LAN (Local Area Network).

In the key marketplace, of wireless and handhelddevices, the closest competitor to Bluetooth isinfrared. Infrared holds many key features,although the line of sight it provides doesn't gothrough walls or through obstacles like that of theBluetooth technology.

Unlike infrared, Bluetooth isn't a line of sight andit provides ranges of up to 100 meters. Bluetoothis also low power and low processing with an

overhead protocol. What this means, is that it'sideal for integration into small battery powereddevices. To put it short, the applications withBluetooth are virtually endless.

Bluetooth has several positive features and onewould be extremely hard pressed to find downsideswhen given the current competition. The only realdownsides are the data rate and security. Infraredcan have data rates of up to 4 MBps, which providesvery fast rates for data transfer, while Bluetooth

only offers 1 MBps.

For this very reason, infrared has yet to bedispensed with completely and is considered bymany to be the complimentary technology to thatof Bluetooth. Infrared has inherent security dueto its line of sight.

The greater range and radio frequency (RF) of Bluetooth make it much more open to interception andattack. For this reason, security is a very keyaspect to the Bluetooth specification.

Although there are very few disadvantages, Bluetoothstill remains the best for short range wirelesstechnology. Those who have tried it love it, andthey know for a fact that Bluetooth will bearound for years to come.



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y The Future Of Bluetooth

y Because it meets the basic needs of connectivity in

close range, Bluetooth has a very bright futureahead of it. Bluetooth is actually the result of initiatives from nine leading communications andcomputer industry giants, including 3-COM, Sony,Lucent, IBM, Nokia, Ms, etc.

Since the forming of the original group, more than1,800 manufacturers almost the world have joined

the initiative. According to reports, the Bluetoothtechnology is expected to be built into more than100 million devices, with over 670 million enabledBluetooth devices.

Resulting from the amazing success of WAP (WirelessApplication Protocol), the adoption of smart phonesand hand held devices, Bluetooth can easily havean amazing impact on your day to day life. Bluetoothis one of the key technologies that can help tomake the mobile information society happen, by

blurring the possibilities between home, the office,and the outside world.

The seamless integration and connectivity thatBluetooth promises will make it possible to explorea wide range of interactive and highly transparentpersonalized services which were actually quitedifficult to dream of simply because of thecomplexity involved with making such devicescommunicate with each other.

Many Bluetooth pilot products have already beenrolled into the market and backed by big vendors,which is a healthy sign for the overall acceptanceof the technology. The support for Bluetooth isn'tlimited to companies that develop only Bluetoothenabled products.

The applications for Bluetooth can have great



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impacts on other industries as well. The adoptionof Bluetooth technology is expected to spreadthroughout the industry of computers.

Unlike infrared technology, Bluetooth is used bymany different wireless devices. Bluetooth offersexceptional quality for short range wireless, evengoing through walls and obstructions. Whileinfrared is the biggest competitor at this time,Bluetooth far surpasses it, proving to millions thatit is the wireless communication technology of thepresent day and age.

In the beginning, Bluetooth started with version 1.0,then gradually moved from there. The current

version is 2.0+EDR, with another version currentlyin development. The technology behind the Bluetoothspecification always getting better and better,which is why it's so popular.

In the future, you can expect the technologybehind Bluetooth to get better. Bluetooth hasproven to be the wireless standard of the future,offering you wireless connectability for hundredsof different devices. For cell phones or other formsof wireless connections, Bluetooth is the one

technology that you don't want to find yourself without.

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