dev332.net framework: 64-bit development today and tomorrow kang su gatlin visual c++ program...

DEV332DEV332.NET Framework: 64-Bit .NET Framework: 64-Bit Development Today Development Today And TomorrowAnd Tomorrow

DEV332DEV332.NET Framework: 64-Bit .NET Framework: 64-Bit Development Today Development Today And TomorrowAnd TomorrowKang Su GatlinKang Su GatlinVisual C++ Program ManagerVisual C++ Program ManagerMicrosoft CorporationMicrosoft Corporation

Geralyn MillerGeralyn Miller.NET Solutions Architect.NET Solutions ArchitectMicrosoft CorporationMicrosoft Corporation

AgendaAgenda

A bit of motivation... and a state of playA bit of motivation... and a state of play

Today: 64-bit Native C++ Today: 64-bit Native C++ State of Tools, Porting Code, Problem State of Tools, Porting Code, Problem areas, Performance areas, Performance

Future: 64-bit .NET Framework and Future: 64-bit .NET Framework and versus 2005versus 2005

State of Tools, Porting Code, COM Interop, State of Tools, Porting Code, COM Interop, Language SpecificsLanguage Specifics

Why 64-Bit Architecture?Why 64-Bit Architecture?Larger Address SpaceLarger Address Space

Address SpaceAddress Space Win64Win64

Total Virtual Address SpaceTotal Virtual Address Space 16 TB16 TB

Virtual Address Space per 64bit ProcessVirtual Address Space per 64bit Process 8 TB8 TB

Virtual Address Space per 32bit ProcessVirtual Address Space per 32bit Process 4GB if compiled with 4GB if compiled with /LARGEADDRESSAWARE 2GB otherwise/LARGEADDRESSAWARE 2GB otherwise

Windows XP ProfessionalWindows XP Professional 32 GB / 1-2 cpus32 GB / 1-2 cpus

Windows Server 2003 StandardWindows Server 2003 Standard 32 GB / 1-4 cpus32 GB / 1-4 cpus

Windows Server 2003 EnterpriseWindows Server 2003 Enterprise 1 TB / 1-8 cpus1 TB / 1-8 cpus

Windows Server 2003 DataCenterWindows Server 2003 DataCenter 1 TB / 1-64 cpus1 TB / 1-64 cpus

Larger values supported by primitive types Larger values supported by primitive types 2^64 >> 2 ^322^64 >> 2 ^32

18,446,744,073,709,551,616 >> 4,294,967,29618,446,744,073,709,551,616 >> 4,294,967,296

Performance?Performance?Possibly, but code size will increasePossibly, but code size will increase

Where Are The Application Spaces?Where Are The Application Spaces?

… … with data?with data?

… … with high performance computing with high performance computing workloads?workloads?

… … with 32-bit primitive types?with 32-bit primitive types?

These are all problem spaces where These are all problem spaces where 64-bit solutions can make sense64-bit solutions can make sense

State Of PlayState Of Play

Two mainstream 64bit architectures Two mainstream 64bit architectures supported by Windowssupported by Windows

Itanium Processor FamilyItanium Processor Family

x64 – a.k.a. AMD64, EM64Tx64 – a.k.a. AMD64, EM64T

Windows versions available (Itanium) Windows versions available (Itanium) and in beta (x64) todayand in beta (x64) today

State Of Play: ItaniumState Of Play: Itanium

““in-order” processorin-order” processor

VLIWVLIW

Bundling and templatesBundling and templates

Support for predicationSupport for predication

Support for control/data Support for control/data speculationspeculation

Rotating register Rotating register support for SWPsupport for SWP

Branch predictionBranch prediction

Functional Units galoreFunctional Units galore

LOTS of registersLOTS of registers128 floating point128 floating point

128 integer128 integer

+ predicate, branch, + predicate, branch, control registers… whew!control registers… whew!

Tough on assembly Tough on assembly folksfolks

No addressing modesNo addressing modes

State Of Play: x64State Of Play: x64

Stretch x86 architectureStretch x86 architecture

Runs legacy x86 at machine speedsRuns legacy x86 at machine speeds

Increased register width of x86 Increased register width of x86 registers to 64-bitregisters to 64-bit

8 additional general purpose registers8 additional general purpose registersREX instruction prefix addresses the REX instruction prefix addresses the new registersnew registers

8 additional 128 bit XMM registers8 additional 128 bit XMM registersVC++ does not generate x87 nor VC++ does not generate x87 nor MMX codeMMX code

“OK, How Do I Get Started With 64-bit Development?”“OK, How Do I Get Started With 64-bit Development?”

Do you remember Win16 to Win32?Do you remember Win16 to Win32?32 to 64-bit much easier32 to 64-bit much easier

The memory model has stayed the sameThe memory model has stayed the samesizeof_x86(long) == sizeof_amd64(long)sizeof_x86(long) == sizeof_amd64(long)

Win64 is simply WindowsWin64 is simply WindowsEssentially simple pointer stretch Essentially simple pointer stretch of Win32 APIof Win32 API

AgendaAgenda





WoW… It Works!WoW… It Works!Windows on Windows 64 (WOW64)Windows on Windows 64 (WOW64)

Isolates 32-bit ApplicationsIsolates 32-bit ApplicationsNotably file and registry isolationNotably file and registry isolation

ConsoleConsole

GUIGUI

ServicesServices

Separate DLLsSeparate DLLs

Performance hit?Performance hit?Substantial on ItaniumSubstantial on Itanium

Little to none on x64Little to none on x64

Wow64 Process LayoutWow64 Process Layout

64-bit ntdll.dll64-bit ntdll.dll

Wow64.dllWow64.dll Wow64win.dllWow64win.dll

Wow64cpu.dllWow64cpu.dll

Win32k.sysWin32k.sys

NT ExecutiveNT Executive

Kernel ModeKernel Mode

User ModeUser Mode

32-bit ntdll.dll32-bit ntdll.dll

32-bit modules32-bit modules

Reserved Address SpaceReserved Address Space0x00000000`7FFEFFFF or 0x00000000`7FFEFFFF or 0x00000000`FFFEFFFF0x00000000`FFFEFFFF

Current Development Modelx86-based Computer (or using WoW)x86-based Computer (or using WoW)

64-bit Computer64-bit Computer

Develop and test 32bit code Develop and test 32bit code herehere

Cross compile for 64-bitCross compile for 64-bit Send executable to 64-bit Send executable to 64-bit

computercomputer

Execute code hereExecute code here Debug remaining bugs hereDebug remaining bugs here

State Of The 64bit VC Dev State Of The 64bit VC Dev Tools World Tools World

ToolsTools ItaniumItanium AMD64/EM64TAMD64/EM64T

Current Supported Current Supported ToolsetToolset

(uses 6.0 version of (uses 6.0 version of libs)libs)

PSDK toolsetPSDK toolset

Less conformant FELess conformant FE

Cross compilerCross compiler

Only unmanaged codegenOnly unmanaged codegen

WinDbg and VS mini-WinDbg and VS mini-debugger debugger

PSDK toolset (available PSDK toolset (available only through Betaplace)only through Betaplace)

VS2005 basedVS2005 based

Cross compilerCross compiler


WinDbg debuggingWinDbg debugging

7.1 Libs compiler 7.1 Libs compiler [email protected]

New complier for 7.1 libsNew complier for 7.1 libs


7.1 libs7.1 libs


Whidbey Beta 1Whidbey Beta 1 Both 64bit hosted and cross compilers, VS can install on Both 64bit hosted and cross compilers, VS can install on Win64, managed codegen support, VS2005 libs for all Win64, managed codegen support, VS2005 libs for all platforms. Remote debugging.platforms. Remote debugging.

Porting Your App To 64-bitPorting Your App To 64-bit

Use compiler switch (-Wp64)Use compiler switch (-Wp64)64-bit brings differences – LLP6464-bit brings differences – LLP64T *, size_t: 64 bit T *, size_t: 64 bit int, long: built-in integers are ALL 32 bitint, long: built-in integers are ALL 32 bitlong long: 64bit alwayslong long: 64bit always

Alignment changesAlignment changesMisalignment can be fatal on ItaniumMisalignment can be fatal on Itanium

32 and 64bit code can NOT be in same process32 and 64bit code can NOT be in same process

APIAPI Data Data ModelModel intint longlong pointerpointer

Win32Win32 ILP32ILP32 3232 3232 3232

Win64Win64 LLP64LLP64 3232 3232 64

UNIXesUNIXes LP64LP64 3232 64 64

Porting Issues FromPorting Issues From32 To 64bit32 To 64bit

Profile Guided Profile Guided Optimization?Optimization?

Compiler can’t answer everything…Compiler can’t answer everything…

if(a < b) foo(); else baz();

if(a < b) foo(); else baz();

for(i = 0; i < count; ++i) bar();for(i = 0; i < count; ++i) bar();

How often is a < b?How often is a < b? What is the typical value of count?What is the typical value of count?

CompileCompile with /GL with /GLSourceSource Object filesObject files

Profile Guided OptimizationProfile Guided Optimization

InstrumentedInstrumentedImageImage

ScenariosScenarios OutputOutput Profile dataProfile data

Object filesObject files Link with /LTCG:PGILink with /LTCG:PGI InstrumentedInstrumentedImageImage

Profile dataProfile data

Object filesObject files

Link with /LTCG:PGOLink with /LTCG:PGOOptimizedOptimized

ImageImage

How Much Performance How Much Performance Does PGO Buy You?Does PGO Buy You?

Performance increase is architecture Performance increase is architecture and application specificand application specific

Itanium tends to benefit the mostItanium tends to benefit the most

Large applications tend to benefit more Large applications tend to benefit more than smallthan small

If you understand your real-world If you understand your real-world scenarios then PGO is almost always scenarios then PGO is almost always a wina win

PGO Improvement Over LTCGPGO Improvement Over LTCG

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10

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Intel Itanium2 AMD AMD64 Intel x86

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AgendaAgenda





Developer RoadmapDeveloper Roadmap

• Windows “Longhorn” Windows “Longhorn” integrationintegration

• New UI tools and New UI tools and designers designers

• Extensive managed Extensive managed interfaces (WinFX)interfaces (WinFX)

Visual Studio Visual Studio “Orcas”“Orcas”

Visual StudioVisual Studio.NET 2003.NET 2003

• “ “Everett Release”Everett Release”

• Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 integrationintegration

• Support for .NET Support for .NET Compact Framework Compact Framework and device and device development development

• Improved performanceImproved performance

Visual Studio Visual Studio 20052005

• “ “Whidbey” releaseWhidbey” release

• SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2005 integrationintegration

• 64 bit Framework64 bit Framework

• Improved IDE Improved IDE productivity and productivity and community supportcommunity support

• Extended support for Extended support for XML Web servicesXML Web services

• Office Office programmabilityprogrammability

Availability Of 64-bit Availability Of 64-bit .NET Framework.NET Framework

Visual Studio 2005 timeframeVisual Studio 2005 timeframe

Servers and workstationsServers and workstationsX64 and IA64 supportX64 and IA64 support

OS DependencyOS Dependency>= Windows Server 2003 SP1>= Windows Server 2003 SP1

No Windows 2000 Server 64 bit EditionNo Windows 2000 Server 64 bit Edition

Future Windows 64 bit client releasesFuture Windows 64 bit client releasesLonghorn, Windows XPLonghorn, Windows XP

64-bit .NET Framework And 64-bit .NET Framework And Tools SupportTools Support

Parity w/ 32-bit productParity w/ 32-bit productCommon Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime.NET Framework Class Libraries .NET Framework Class Libraries (including ASP .NET, Windows Forms, (including ASP .NET, Windows Forms, ADO .NET)ADO .NET)SDK ToolsSDK Tools

Visual Studio .NET supported on Visual Studio .NET supported on WOW64WOW64New JIT, GC, exception handling, and New JIT, GC, exception handling, and debugging servicesdebugging services

Moving 32-bit Moving 32-bit .NET Framework .NET Framework applications To 64-bitapplications To 64-bit

Managed Code on 64 BitManaged Code on 64 Bit

Verifiable code just runsVerifiable code just runs32 bit Whidbey runs on WoW32 bit Whidbey runs on WoW64 bit Whidbey runs native64 bit Whidbey runs nativeAssemblies marked for ‘bitness‘ (32 bit, 64 bit, Assemblies marked for ‘bitness‘ (32 bit, 64 bit, neutral)neutral)

COM Interop, P/Invoke, Floating Point may COM Interop, P/Invoke, Floating Point may require changesrequire changesImages containing native code treated as native Images containing native code treated as native (Managed C++)(Managed C++)Nearly all cost is in test runsNearly all cost is in test runs

““The last automated test pass we did on 64 bit before the The last automated test pass we did on 64 bit before the holidays produced results similar to those on 32 bit after one holidays produced results similar to those on 32 bit after one bug in a cross domain was fixed for us. Oh the joy of being bug in a cross domain was fixed for us. Oh the joy of being fully managed! “ – Rok Yu, Jscriptfully managed! “ – Rok Yu, Jscript

Porting Cost To 64 bitPorting Cost To 64 bit

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Pure Managed Unsafe Managed COM interop(consuming &

exposing)

P/Invoke MC++ / C++

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Writing Portable Writing Portable Managed CodeManaged Code

VerifiableVerifiableNo native code (IL only)No native code (IL only)

No pointer arithmeticNo pointer arithmetic

Follow Interop RulesFollow Interop Rules

Know Architecture DifferencesKnow Architecture Differences

Beware Floating PointBeware Floating Point

Interop RulesInterop Rules

SignaturesSignaturesDllImport, DeclareDllImport, Declare

‘‘int’ and System.IntPtrint’ and System.IntPtr

API’s must exist on all platformsAPI’s must exist on all platforms

MarshalingMarshalingStructLayoutAttributeStructLayoutAttribute

Marshal.SizeOfMarshal.SizeOf

‘‘Int’ And System.IntPtrInt’ And System.IntPtr

Int and IntPtr in import signaturesInt and IntPtr in import signatures‘‘int’ is System.Int32, 32 bit sizeint’ is System.Int32, 32 bit size

System.IntPtr is size of platform integer System.IntPtr is size of platform integer and pointer, may be 32 or 64, or ?and pointer, may be 32 or 64, or ?


[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)][StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]internal class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {internal class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {

internal int nLength = 0;internal int nLength = 0;internal int lpSecurityDescriptor internal int lpSecurityDescriptor

= 0;= 0;internal int bInheritHandle = 0;internal int bInheritHandle = 0;

}}


[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)][StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]internal class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {internal class SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {

internal int nLength = 0;internal int nLength = 0;internal IntPtr internal IntPtr

lpSecurityDescriptor lpSecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero;= IntPtr.Zero;

internal int bInheritHandle = 0;internal int bInheritHandle = 0;}}

StructLayoutAttributeStructLayoutAttribute

LayoutKind.ExplicitLayoutKind.ExplicitDetermines Managed LayoutDetermines Managed Layout

Use correct Use correct FieldOffsetFieldOffset

Use with ‘fixed’ in C#Use with ‘fixed’ in C#

LayoutKind.SequentialLayoutKind.SequentialDetermines Managed, Unmanaged LayoutDetermines Managed, Unmanaged Layout

Use correct Use correct PackingSizePackingSize

Default for VB, C#Default for VB, C#

Correct MarshalingCorrect Marshaling

Use Marshal.SizeOfUse Marshal.SizeOfStruct Marshaling SizeStruct Marshaling Size

Platform Pointer SizePlatform Pointer Size

internal class OSVERSIONINFO {internal class OSVERSIONINFO { public OSVERSIONINFO() {public OSVERSIONINFO() {

OSVersionInfoSize = OSVersionInfoSize =

(int)Marshal.SizeOf(this);(int)Marshal.SizeOf(this); }}Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(System.IntPtr))Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(System.IntPtr))

Examples:Examples:

Using COM ComponentsUsing COM Components

COM is nativeCOM is native

Neutral apps may use platform specific Neutral apps may use platform specific COM componentsCOM components

No COM interop between architecturesNo COM interop between architectures

Component may not exist on 64 bitComponent may not exist on 64 bit

May elect to run in WoW onlyMay elect to run in WoW only

Exposing To COM Exposing To COM

No interop between architecturesNo interop between architectures32 bit apps only exposed to 32 bit32 bit apps only exposed to 32 bit

May expose neutral apps on each May expose neutral apps on each architecturearchitecture

Must register for each architectureMust register for each architecture

Type Libraries are not neutralType Libraries are not neutral

Language SpecificsLanguage Specifics

Visual Basic .NETVisual Basic .NET

C#C#

Managed Extensions to C++Managed Extensions to C++

Visual BasicVisual Basic

Creates platform-neutral ILCreates platform-neutral IL

Safe, verifiableSafe, verifiable

Can ‘break’ portabilityCan ‘break’ portabilityExplicit or Sequential LayoutExplicit or Sequential Layout

Using ‘Declare’ or ‘DllImport’Using ‘Declare’ or ‘DllImport’

C#C#

Creates platform-neutral ILCreates platform-neutral IL

Mostly Safe, Verifiable Mostly Safe, Verifiable

‘‘Unsafe’ Unsafe’ allows pointer arithmeticallows pointer arithmetic

Can ‘break’ portabilityCan ‘break’ portabilityExplicit or Sequential LayoutExplicit or Sequential Layout

Using ‘DllImport’Using ‘DllImport’

Managed C++Managed C++

7.07.0Never verifiableNever verifiableContains native codeContains native code

‘‘IJW’ – doesn’t use DllImportIJW’ – doesn’t use DllImportUses native headers and librariesUses native headers and libraries

32-bit images32-bit images

7.17.1Use ‘cookbook’ Use ‘cookbook’

May create verifiable imagesMay create verifiable imagesMay be IL onlyMay be IL only

Still may use “IJW”Still may use “IJW”

WhidbeyWhidbeyCreate fully verifiable imagesCreate fully verifiable imagesGreatly improved IJWGreatly improved IJW

Closing SummaryClosing Summary

int and long are 32-bitsint and long are 32-bits

Pointers are 64-bitsPointers are 64-bits

Don’t assume data sizesDon’t assume data sizes

Align data on natural boundariesAlign data on natural boundaries

NativeNativeProfile guided optimization can greatly help Profile guided optimization can greatly help performance on IA/64performance on IA/64

ManagedManagedVerifiable code just runsVerifiable code just runs

The new power of the platform enables us to The new power of the platform enables us to do even more!do even more!

ResourcesResources

64-bit Windows Programming64-bit Windows Programming““Getting ready for 64-bit Windows”Getting ready for 64-bit Windows”

The New Data TypesThe New Data Types

““Designing 64-bit interfaces”Designing 64-bit interfaces”

““Running 32-bit applications”Running 32-bit applications” (wow64 registry redirection, debugging, performance, (wow64 registry redirection, debugging, performance, app installation)app installation)

““Migration Tips” (common compiler errors)Migration Tips” (common compiler errors)

““Introduction to Developing Applications for the Introduction to Developing Applications for the 64-bit Version of Windows”64-bit Version of Windows”

““Windows Data Alignment on IPF, x86, and x86-64”Windows Data Alignment on IPF, x86, and x86-64”

““Application Compatibility Guide”Application Compatibility Guide”

Attend a free chat or web castAttend a free chat or web casthttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspx http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/default.asphttp://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/default.asp

List of newsgroupsList of newsgroupshttp://communities2.microsoft.com/http://communities2.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspxcommunities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx

MS Community SitesMS Community Siteshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx

Locate Local User GroupsLocate Local User Groupshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspx

Community sitesCommunity siteshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/related/default.mspxhttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/related/default.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/default.asp

http://communities2.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx

http://communities2.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/communities/related/default.mspx

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Q2:Q2: Usefulness of the informationUsefulness of the information

Q3:Q3: Presenter’s knowledge of the subjectPresenter’s knowledge of the subject

Q4:Q4: Presenter’s presentation skillsPresenter’s presentation skills

Q5:Q5: Effectiveness of the presentationEffectiveness of the presentation

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dev332.net framework: 64-bit development today and tomorrow kang su gatlin visual c++ program...

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