developing a pedagogy for active learning pal “expanding visions in elt” thammasat university -...
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Developing a Pedagogy for Active learningPAL
“Expanding Visions in ELT”Thammasat University - June 8, 2009
byWillard Van De Bogart
Table of Contents
• Brief History of Active learning in Thailand
• Brief History of Learning Theory• Definitions of Active Learning• Cognitivism and Active Learning• Using Active learning in the
Classroom• Designing a Pedagogy for Active
Learning• What the future holds
National Education Act An Education Reform Act for Future Development of the Thai People 1999
Improve efficiency and effectiveness in learning.
Encourage students to become critical and develop critical thinking skills.
Acquire facility with information technologies.
Develop a “student-centered” learning approach.
Make “online learning” the technology of choice for the Thai higher education system.
• - An on line course on "How to Help Thai Stude
nts Develop Ideas and E xpress Opinions"
• Search Strategies in the IT and Internet Era
• Internet Based Learning with ESL
• On-line active learning strategies
Internet based course development 2003 – 2009By Ajarn Willard Van De Bogart
Faculty of Humanities and Social sciencesNakhon Sawan Rajabhat University2nd Semester - Academic year 2550-1
• Course: Active Learning• Subject: Advanced
Communicative English• Program: Bachelor of
Education
• Teacher: Ajarn Willard Van De Bogart
MONTANA-THAILAND ACTION LEARNING NETWORK
Nakhon SawanSuratthani
Suan Dusit Phranakhon
Showcase: Active Learning Classroom1st International Conference on Active Learning &Teaching
To exhibit and demonstrate best practices and creative based learning and teaching pedagogy.
Learning Theories
SCHEMATA: knowledge structures
• SENSATION• IMAGES• SIGHTS, SOUNDS• FEELINGS• ACTIONS• IDEAS• Etc…
Jean Piaget (18961980)
KNOWLEDGE IS “CONSTRUCTED” BY THE LEARNER
• Knowledge exists in the mind of the learner.
• Every learner is different.
• Every learner’s mental schemes are different.
• Knowledge cannot be transmitted as a whole.
• Knowledge must be built up by the learner on the basis of experience.
Maria MONTESSORIMethod of education is characterized by emphasis in self directed activity.
CYLINDER BLOCKS – SERIATIONChildhood – Spacial Intelligence
Children direct their own learning
Howard Gardner
LEV VYGOTSKY
Russian Psychologist
(1896-1934)
“Zone of Proximal Development”
“What the learner can do with a teacher’s assistance but cannot do alone.”
• What does the Learner already know?
• Use assessment of find out.
• Growth occurs at the edge.
• What is the learner ready for next?
Michael Brody - Active Teaching, Learning and Assessment
Student centered Raising student motivation Organizing the classroom Stimulating Thinking Beyond facts and details
What is active learning?There are 1,870,000 citations for active learning on Google
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning refers to techniques where students do more than simply listen to a lecture. Students are doing something including discovering, processing, and applying information (McKinney 2007 ).
• Processing and Applying Information.
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning attempts to model the methods and mindsets which are at the heart of scientific inquiry, and to provide opportunities for students to connect abstract ideas to their real world applications and acquire useful skills, and in so doing gain knowledge that persists beyond the course experience in which it was acquired (Allen & Tanner 2003).
• Connect Abstract Ideas
Definition of Active learning
• Active Learning is comprised of a student centered environment which raises student’s motivational level to stimulate thinking and go beyond facts and details (Brody 2009).
• Stimulate Thinking.
Definition of Active learning
• Construct interesting “problem spaces” that serve to really engage the learner’s interest, and, hence, to motivate them in ways that are authentic
(Carson 2009).
• Motivate the students.
Cognitivism and Active LearningActive Learning Techniques in the Classroom
Terminology:
Cognitive StrategyCognitive DomainsMeta Cognition
ScaffoldingPair ShareCooperativeCollaborativeActiveReflective
“COGNITIVE TOOLSMEDIATE THOUGHT”
Perception organizes visual data
Cognitive DomainsKNOWLEDGE TYPESWhat the mind sees
• Our cultural systems are not made of absolute truths.
• Our cultural systems are made from
different types of knowledge.
Empirical PsychomotorConventional AffectiveRational NarrativeConceptual ReceivedCognitive Routines
1st Cognitive Strategy Activators
Oriented Strategies – Attention is drawn to a task
Elaboration – Expand target information by adding to it.
Transformation – Convert information to be more easily understood.
Mnemonics – Relate a word or phrase to the information
Meta Cognition
2nd Active Learning TechniquesIndividuals:
Minute Papers
Writing Activities
Muddiest Point
Affective Response
Daily journal
Reading quiz
Concept Maps
Poster/Drawing/Display
Scaffolding
Active Learning Techniques Individual: Scaffolding
Oriented Strategies – Attention is drawn to a task
Elaboration – Expand taget information by adding to it.
Transformation – Convert information to be more easily understood.
Mnemonics – Relate a word or phrase to the information
Concept Maps – Mind Mapping
Concept mapping
Active Learning TechniquesGroup:
Think-pair-share
Brainstorming
Games
Debates
Student do Teaching
Jig-saw
Demonstrations
Active Learning TechniqueGroup: Think Pair Share - OH Cards
He was ashamed talking abouthis habit with people who were joyful .
OH Cards
Before the Pedagogy
• Specific type of social learning by a specific type of communication
Increase student participation
Increase student engagement
Increase student retention
More student ownership in course
Less lecturing by instructor
More exciting classroom experience
Higher level thinking
Pedagogy for Active Learning
PAL
• Step one: Design a cognitive routine • Step two: Select an active learning
technique • Step three: Build the lesson using
Cognitive Analogies • Step four:
Design an evaluation and testing format.
Developing Cognitive Routines
• Utilize a person’s memory.
• Demand the use of inductive reasoning.
• Require quickness of response.
• Use mentally stimulating suggestions.
• Puzzles of all kinds. • Board games and card
games. • Reading and writing.
The Future of Learning
• Universal Libraries• Natural Language
Search engines• Decision search
engine
Natural Language Search Engine
• Search engine
Strategies• Ability to ask a
question:
• What is the circumference of the earth?
Natural Language Search Engine
• Unit conversions:
24 901.47 miles
4.007504x10^7 meters
21 638.79 nmi (nautical miles)
0.1336759 light seconds
• Corresponding quantity:
Light travel time t in vacuum from t=x/c:\n | 134 ms (milliseconds)
• Choose
• Find
• Locate
• Refine
• Organize
• Think
• Repeat
• Write
Dedicated E-book Readers
• Dedicated readers – about 100,000
• Palm devices – 6,000,000• PC’s – hundreds of millions• “For people accustomed to
reading text on a computer for hours at a time, e-book screen clarity is a non-issue.”
• 20 hours of video are uploaded every minute on
You tube.
Education – Global Search Engines
Real-time Engineering Science Business
3 Ls of Learning1. Face-to-Face Lectures2. Virtual Labs3. Universal Digital Library
Universities CollegesSchools
Information ModelingAdult – Spacial Inteligence
Relevance
Relationships
Connectivity
Mapping
Linking
Inference
3-D Visualization of text Adulthood– Spacial Inteligence
Extrapolate
Inference
Visualize text fields
Concept weighting
The Road Ahead
ScientificCalculations
Data Analysis
Expert Systems
SuperHumans
Poor
Medium
Rich
Brilliant
KnowledgeContent
Emulating HumanPerformance:
See, Hear, Talk, and “Think”
Evolution
Nanosystems