developing products to prevent work-related ... · pdf file25/10/2017 ·...
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NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth
DevelopingProductstoPreventWork-RelatedMusculoskeletalDisordersinAgingConstructionWorkersinSmallConstructionFirmsBermangOrtiz,B.A.,PublicHealthAdvisorJuliannScholl,Ph.D.,Co-DirectorNationalCenterforProductiveAgingandWork(NCPAW)10/25/2017
Overview§ Background§ DemographicsandOSHoutcomesfor
olderworkersinconstruction.§ Needsassessmentmethodsandfindings
Background§ Inconstruction,workplacemusculoskeletaldisorders(WMSDs)areasignificantportion
ofnon-fatalinjuriesandamajorcauseoffunctionalimpairments.§ Eachyear,constructioncompanieslosehighlyskilledandexperiencedemployees.§ Smallbusinessesare80%ofconstruction(CPWR,2013).§ NationalCenterforProductiveAgingandWork(NCPAW)
– ProductstoreduceWMSDsamongconstructionworkersacrossagegroups– Meetneedsofagingconstructionworkersandberelevant/accessibletosmall
enterprises§ Startswithaneedsassessmenttodeterminegapsinresearchactivityandproduct
developmentthatbenefitagingworkforce
Between1985and2015,theaverageageincreased6.5 yearsinconstruction,and4.9 yearsforallU.S.workers
36.0
42.5
37.3
42.2
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Aver
age A
ge (i
n ye
ars)
ConstructionAll industries
Source: 1985-2015 Current Population Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.
During the past 30 days, have you had any symptoms of pain, aching, or stiffness in or around a joint?
22.0%
33.2%37.8%
54.0% 54.1%
17.8%
25.7%
37.1%
46.9%52.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Perc
ent i
n ag
e gr
oup
Age groupConstruction All industriesSource: 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center.
SafetyCultureIndicators
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Safetygoals/objectives OSHA10-hourtraining Safety/healthagendaiteminmeetings
ComparisonofLargeandSmallConstructionContractors
Large(500+) Small(1-9)
Source:CPWR(2016).2nd Quarter:SafetyManagementandSafetyCultureamongSmallConstructionFirms
TheoreticalFramework§ Work Ability 1,2: a worker’s capacity to continue working in his or her
current job, given work demands and available resources. § Four basic areas of focus:
– The work environment (e.g., ergonomics, human factors engineering)– The organization of work (e.g., job design, return to work)– The employee (e.g., chronic disease management, programs that
promote health & well-being)– Social support (e.g., community support, protection from discrimination
at work)1 Ilmarinen J. (1999). Ageing workers in the European Union: Status and promotion of work ability, employability and employment. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, 274 pages.
2 Silverstein, M. (2008). Meeting the challenges of an aging workforce. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 51, 269-280.
PreliminaryAnalysis:NeedsAssessment§ Needsassessment—Smallbusinessowners:
Health/safetyneeds,risksPerceptionsofolderworkersandgenerationaldifferencesDesiredproducts/guidancetobenefitolderworkersWhatthey’recurrentlydoingBarriersandchallengestoinformationandpractices
§ Focusgroupwith9smallbusinessowners,2fromconstruction§ ThematicanalysisutilizingtheWorkAbilitymodel§ Inductivecoding§ Intercoder assessmentrevealedsubstantialagreementinmajorthemes
identifiedandcorrespondingsubthemes.
Workenvironment§ Ergonomicriskfactors§ Slips/trips/falls§ Physicalenvironment§ Eye/vision§ Hearing/noise
Workenvironment§ Slips/trips/falls:“Wellinourspaceitisslipsandfalls.Yeahgoingdown
physically,goingdown.Theotherismovinganyweightorequipment,materialsthatmaybeatacertainweightthresholdwhereit,youknowitleavestheirhandsortheircontrolandthensomethinghappenswhenithitsthegroundorcomesup.Thatiswhatweseeoften.”
Workenvironment§ Physicalenvironment:“Fromourperspective,smallbusinessoperatingin
theolderbuildingright.There’salotofriskwiththis.There’syouknowfromleadpotentialfromeventhebuild-upofdusttoyouknow,someanimalsandallthatgoodstuffandthisisindowntownCincinnati.”
§ Adjusttheworkenvironmentforage-relatedchanges§ Work-restschedules&reductionofrepetitivetasks
Workorganizationandpsychosocialfactors§ Agestereotypes§ Adaptability§ Stress§ Workflexibility
Workorganizationandpsychosocialfactors§ Agestereotypes:“Yeah,Iwouldcomplementthataswell.Someworkthat
wedo,dowithmunicipalitiesetc.witholderormore-seasonedworkersisthatwhenaparticularsafetymeasureorpolicy isputinplaceassimpleasputtingonahardhatthatthefolkswhohavebeeninthatspacefor25/30/40yearstheydon’tseeanyreasonforthatatall.
Workorganizationandpsychosocialfactors§ Adaptability:“Moderator:okay,anyoneelse?Whataboutneedsinthose
ofyouwhoworkintheconstructionindustry?Thatisaveryphysicallydemandingjob.Whathappensasyourworkersage?
§ Iwouldsaytheylookformoreofa,amorewelldefinedjobdescriptionwithsomeparameters.Youknow,wherethere’salotofphysicalactivity,youbettermakesurethatyou’vegottheup-to-dateandnecessaryequipmenttoassistthemtohelpthemdotheirjob.
Workorganizationandpsychosocialfactors§ Stress:WhenIthinkaboutit,ourgreatestriskisaccumulatedstressbecause
we’renotmovingaroundalotandwe’redealingwithtightschedulesandhavingtobecreativeinstantlyandpullarabbitoutofyourhatallthetime.AndI’mkindofcuriousaboutthatendofit.Whatisthelong-termimpactofstress?Although,IguessIcouldbeanexampleofit.
§ Workorganizationandpsychologicalfactors§ Agestereotypesinfluenceattitudestowardolderworkers§ Olderworkersareperceivedasbeinglessadaptable
Individualemployeeneeds§ Chronicdisease§ Training§ Disability§ Age-relateddeclines
Individualemployeeneeds
§ Chronicdisease:“But,wehaveanumberoffolkswhohaveterminalillnessesandyouknowtheyhavetotakemedicationandthingsofthatnatureandIguess,Idon’taskthemiftheyareokaybecauseIseethemandIknowtheyaremedicatingfortheirownsafety.Right.”
Individualemployeeneeds§ Training:“…We’vedonetraining andthat’saroundawareness,butthe
individualshavetoactuallypracticewhattheylearntochangethebehaviortowardmoresafeandsafetybehavior.Andthat’sachallengewherewethink,youknowyoucanteacholddognewtricksbutsomeoftheolddogssay,youknowinthelast60/65/70years,I’mgood.”
§ Chronicdiseasemanagement§ Healthcareandwellnessprograms§ Designandframingoftraining§ Ageandspecificapproachestotraining
Socialsupport§ Informationseeking§ Protectionfromdiscrimination§ Non-workfactors
Socialsupport§ Informationseeking:Wellinthespecifictacticalno.Inastrategicsensemeaning
whatItryanddoiscompareourclaim’sdataonpropertyandcasualtyandourworkerscompensationtopeersintheindustry.Arewehigher,lower,average,andifIknowI’mhigherorIknowI’maverageIhavesomeroomforimprovement.ThingsthatareworkingifI’mbelowbenchmarkareprobablyprettygood,butthedataisnoteasytoobtain. Soiftheansweris,IhaveaproblembasedonthatbenchmarkingIknowIneedtodosomemorediggingonthelevelofwhatisit?Isiteyesafety?Isitheadsafety?Isithowwedigtrenches?Whatisitthat’stheproblem
Socialsupport§ Protectionfromdiscrimination:…we’reinHRaspartofourbusinessandsowedirectlydealwith
agediscrimination,wherebyemployersorco-workersmayhavemoreofanegativeconnotationbasedonaperceivedageofsomeone.Theircapacity,theirabilityorinability,thereisalotofperceptionsaroundthisspaceandunfortunatelywe’recalledintodefendtheagingemployeewhenthereis,whentheydecidetoomittheirbirthdateorgraduationdatefromhighschoolorcollegefromtheresume.Whenthatcomesup,it’sso,didyoujustgraduateordidyougraduatein’74,right.We’vegotit,saywellyeahgraduatedin’72.Youknow,you’renotsnappyenoughtodothiswork,right.Andwe’vegottenthat.
§ Incentivizedtrainingformanagement.§ Healthandsafetyinformationthat’salignedwithreductionofworkers’comp
costs
Conclusion§ Jobdesignandredesignthatbenefitsallworkers.§ Countermisunderstandingsamongorganizationsandmanagersregarding
theabilitiesandskillsofolderworkers(e.g.,adaptingtonewtechnologies).
§ LeveragesocialsupportmechanismsusedbysmallbusinessestodisseminateOSHtoolsandguidance.
NextSteps§ Project:SuiteofproductstoreduceWMSDsamongconstructionworkers
acrossagegroups§ Insightswillincludebutnotbelimitedtothosefromsmallbusiness
employeesandowners§ Phase1:ExperienceswithandknowledgeofWMSDsinconstruction§ Phase2:Needsandpreferencesregardingdisseminationofmaterialson
constructionWMSDs§ Phase3:ProductdevelopmentinformedbyPhase1&2§ Phase4: Usertestingbyemployersandemployees
Acknowledgements§ JamesGrosch,NCPAWCo-Director§ HarpriyaKaur,Epidemiologist
§ [email protected]§ http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/productiveaging/
Questions