developing reading and writing fluency. fluency “fluency is the ability to read effectively, and...
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Developing Reading and Writing Fluency
Fluency“Fluency is the ability to read effectively, and it involves three components: 1) reading rate, word recognition and prosodyReading rate-refers to speedWord recognition-instantly recognize most wordsProsody-expression, phrasing, and intonationFluent readers comprehend more of what they are reading because they recognize and identify words easilyMost students gain reading fluency by third grade (at least 100 wpm)
Promoting Reading Fluency
Repeated readingsChoral ReadingEcho ReadingBuddy ReadingModel chunking and phrasing Frequent reading practiceReading stamina-(reading silently)
Round-Robin Reading-no longer recommended
Word Recognition
Sight words-words that students recognize on “sight”
Through repeated readings, students develop automaticity, the ability to quickly recognize words without analyzing the word or word parts
Word Recognition
Teach:Sight WordsHigh Frequency Words
By:Posting word wallsMaking WordsMinilessonsRepeated readings readingClapping Chanting
Word Identification Strategies
Strategies to identify words that student’s don’t recognize immediately
Phonic Analysis
Analogies
Syllabic Analysis
Morphemic Analysis
Figure 6--6 Word Identification Strategies
Gail E. TompkinsLiteracy for the 21st Century, 3e
Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Phonic Analysis
Students use knowledge of sound symbol relationships
Phonic generalizations-blends, cvce patterns, digraphs, etc.
By Analogy
Student use knowledge of rhyming words
Students use knowledge of onsets and rimes (word families)
Bat, that, chat, mat, rat, slat, etc.
Syllabic Analysis
Breaking words in to syllables can often help with pronunciationA syllable is a group of letters that forms a pronunciation unitEvery syllable contains a vowel soundDiphthongs are treated as single unitsA syllable may have more than one vowel letterOpen syllables- end in vowel soundsClosed syllables- end in consonant sounds
Try these words: turtle, tiger, giraffe, zebra, alligator, elephant, zookeeper, monkey, facilitate, transportation
Morphemic Analysis
Root words- a morpheme to which affixes are added Ex. port – report, reporter, transport, portable, deport
Affixes: Prefixes and Suffixes-Letters or sequences of letters that are added to root words to Good readers learn to recognize common prefixes and suffixesKnowledge of prefixes/suffixes helps readers decode words as well as decipher meanings Suffixes- ex. –able (able to), -er (one who), -tion/sion (state of being), -ous (full of)Prefixes- ex. un-(not), pre-(before), bi (two), in-(not), dis-(not), bio (life)
Venn Diagram for trans and port
transport
Assessment of Reading
Reading Speed Phrasing Prosody Automaticity
Figure 6--11 Guidelines for Teaching Students to Identify Words
Gail E. TompkinsLiteracy for the 21st Century, 3e
Copyright ©2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.