developing supplementary english material based on …

DEVELOPING SUPPLEMENTARY ENGLISH

MATERIAL BASED ON PROJECT BASED

LEARNING FOR NURSING STUDENTS OF

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF SMK CITRA

SEMESTA INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA

THESIS

Submitted to the Department of Language Studies,

Graduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

the degree of Master of Education

by

Hikmah Pravitasari

ID No. S 200140026

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

GRADUATE SCHOOL

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017

ii

SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM

The student submits the thesis for examination:

Name : Hikmah Pravitasari

ID Number : S 200140026

Department : Language Studies

Field of Study : English Education

Thesis title : Developing Supplementary English Material based on

Project Based Learning for Nursing Students of

Medical Department of SMK Citra Semesta Indonesia

Yogyakarta

Supervisor’s Approval:

I confirm that the thesis written by the above-named student meets the scholarly

standards for the degree and is therefore eligible to proceed to an examination by

the board of examiners of the Department of Language Studies, the Graduate

School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum.

vii

MOTTO

.....Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of people

until they change what is in themselves.....

[The Glorious Qur’an 13: 11]

Life isn’t about finding yourself, it’s about creating

yourself.

Be somebody in the eyes of Allah, even if you are

nobody in the eyes of people.

Work hard and be nice to people.

You will never know your limits unless you push

yourself to them.

Always try to do the best to get the best!

(The Writer)

viii

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

Allah SWT who always show me the way for finishing something, keep and

increase my patient, and always give me the best;

My beloved mother and father, thanks for your motivation, love, and pray;

My lovely brother; sisters; and

Everyone around me who always give motivation and pray.

ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Assalamu’alaikumWarahmatullaahiWabarakaatuh.

AlhamdulillahiRabbil ‘alamiin,all praises just for Allah SWT, the Lord of the

universe, the One who sent the Messenger Muhammad SAW to guide human to

safest religion, Islam. Thanks for blessing her in finishing this thesis entitled

“Developing Supplementary English Material based on Project Based

Learning for Nursing Students of Medical Department of SMK Citra

Semesta Indonesia Yogyakarta”. She also would like to say thank for

Muhammad Prophet, a glory person who gives his blessing to his masses in the

next day, peace be upon him.

Thus, the writer would like to express her great gratitude and appreciation to:

1. Prof. Dr. Marhamah, M. Hum., as the Head of Language Study Department

of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M. Pd., the academic supervisor and the primary

supervisor, who has given great help, guidance, advice, and correction from the

beginning up to the completion of this research paper,

3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum., as the co-supervisor who patiently gave

her guidance and motivation,

4. All lecturers of UMS especially lectures of Language Study Department of

Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who helped the

researcher as the reviewer book and gave the validation and suggestions,

x

5. Dyah Puji Lestari, S.P., as the Headmaster of SMK Citra Semesta Indonesia

Yogyakarta, who gave permission to conduct the research in CSI.

6. Her beloved mother (Uliefiyah R Dharmawaty, B.A.), father (Drs. Lanjarto,

M.H.), brother (Rifqy Baihaqi, S.Kom.), and sisters (Fahrunnisa, S.Psi and

Fahrunnida, S.Si.),who always pray, love, care, give support and motivation,

and have been a source of inspiration. It wills not enough to reveal all of their

sacrifice. May Allah SWT always love them,

7. Her cheerful friends in Language Study Program of class B,

8. Her lovely friends in Zam-Zam boarding house,

9. All of her families, friends, and teachers that cannot be mentioned one by one,

Last but not least, the writer realizes that this research paper is still far from

being perfect. Therefore, suggestion and positive criticism are hoped and needed

to make this research paper better.

The writer hopes that this research paper can contribute to useful reading for

the esteemed readers.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh.

Surakarta, 3 March 2017

The Writer,

Hikmah Pravitasari

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ............................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii

SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM ........................................................................ iii

SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM ........................................................................ iv

APPROVAL OF THESIS SUBMISSION .................................................................... v

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .............................................................................. vi

MOTTO ......................................................................................................................... vii

DEDICATION .............................................................................................................. viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................. ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... xvi

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xvii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... xix

LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................. xx

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. xxi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 1

B. Formulation of the Problems ................................................................................. 8

C. Objective of the Study ........................................................................................... 9

D. Significances of the Study ..................................................................................... 9

E. Specification of the Product ................................................................................ 10

F. Thesis Organization ............................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................... 12

A. Theoretical Review ............................................................................................. 12

1. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) ............................................................ 12

a. Definition of ESP .................................................................................. 13

b. The Needs of ESP Students .................................................................. 14

c. ESP Course Design ............................................................................... 17

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d. Vocational High School Students as ESP Learners .............................. 18

e. The Curriculum and Syllabus in Vocational High School .................... 21

2. Project-based Learning (PBL) ...................................................................... 24

a. Definition of PBL .................................................................................. 24

b. The Process of Project-based Work ...................................................... 32

c. Outlining Project Goals ......................................................................... 35

d. The Characteristics of PBL ................................................................... 37

e. The Advantage of PBL.......................................................................... 40

3. Material Development .................................................................................. 41

a. The Nature of Material Development ................................................... 41

b. The Process of Material Development .................................................. 44

c. Criteria of Good Textbook .................................................................... 45

d. Course Book Evaluation ....................................................................... 49

e. Language Skills in English Textbook ................................................... 53

f. Supplementary Material ........................................................................ 59

B. Review of Relevant Studies ................................................................................ 65

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 82

A. Research Design .................................................................................................. 82

B. Research Procedure ............................................................................................. 83

1. Exploration Stage ......................................................................................... 89

a. Purposes of the Research ...................................................................... 89

b. Research Strategy .................................................................................. 89

c. Setting of the Research.......................................................................... 89

d. Research Subject ................................................................................... 90

e. Data and Data Resource ........................................................................ 90

f. Data Collecting Technique .................................................................... 91

g. Data Validity ......................................................................................... 92

h. Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 93

i. Output .................................................................................................... 95

2. Developing Stage ......................................................................................... 95

a. Purposes of the Research ...................................................................... 95

xiii

b. Research Procedure ............................................................................... 96

c. Setting of the Research.......................................................................... 97

d. Research Subject ................................................................................... 97

e. Data and Data Resource ........................................................................ 98

f. Data Collecting Technique .................................................................... 98

g. Data Validity ......................................................................................... 99

h. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 100

i. Output .................................................................................................. 102

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................... 103

A. Research Findings ............................................................................................. 103

1. Exploration Stage ....................................................................................... 103

a. The Analysis of Existing Course Book ............................................... 105

1) Impressionistic Overview Evaluation .......................................... 106

2) In-depth Analysis Evaluation ....................................................... 108

a) Objective and Approach ....................................................... 108

b) Design and Organization ....................................................... 110

c) Language Content ................................................................. 112

d) Language Skill ...................................................................... 113

e) Topic ..................................................................................... 117

f) Methodology ......................................................................... 118

g) Teacher’s Book ..................................................................... 119

h) Practical Consideration ......................................................... 119

b. The Analysis of Syllabus Used in Nursing Skills Program ................ 122

c. Need Analysis ..................................................................................... 123

1) Goal .............................................................................................. 129

2) Input ............................................................................................. 130

3) Procedure ..................................................................................... 132

4) Student Role ................................................................................. 133

5) Teacher Role ................................................................................ 134

6) Setting .......................................................................................... 134

d. Product Planning ................................................................................. 136

xiv

1) Competence and Basic Competence ............................................ 138

2) Design .......................................................................................... 140

3) Objective and Approach ............................................................... 141

4) Organization ................................................................................. 141

5) Language Content ........................................................................ 143

6) Language Skills ............................................................................ 144

7) Topic ............................................................................................ 144

8) Methodology ................................................................................ 144

2. Development Stage .................................................................................... 145

a. Prototype Development ....................................................................... 146

1) Purpose of Prototyping................................................................. 146

2) Benefits of Prototyping ................................................................ 147

3) Prototype Design .......................................................................... 147

b. Expert Validation ................................................................................ 148

1) The Result of Expert Validation from the Expert of ELT ........... 148

2) The Result of Expert Validation from the Expert of Language ... 160

3) The Result of Expert Validation from the Expert of Nursing ...... 161

4) The Result of Expert Validation from the Expert of Layout ....... 164

c. Prototype Try Out ............................................................................... 167

1) Place ............................................................................................. 168

2) Time ............................................................................................. 168

3) Participant .................................................................................... 169

4) Try Out Implementation............................................................... 169

a) The First Try Out (Chapter 1) ............................................... 169

b) The Second Try Out (Chapter 2) .......................................... 183

c) The Third Try Out (Chapter 3) ............................................. 193

d. The Final Product of Nursing Assistant Project .................................. 201

1) Design .......................................................................................... 201

2) Objective and Approach ............................................................... 201

3) Organization ................................................................................. 202

4) Language Content ........................................................................ 202

xv

5) Language Skill ............................................................................. 202

6) Topic ............................................................................................ 203

7) Methodology ................................................................................ 203

B. Discussion ......................................................................................................... 206

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ............... 216

A. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 216

B. Implication ........................................................................................................ 219

C. Suggestion ......................................................................................................... 221

BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 224

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 229

xvi

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Standard Competence and Basic Competence of Tenth Grade Student of

Vocational High School ............................................................................. 23

Table 2.2 The Differences between the Previous Studies and the Current Study ...... 81

Table 3.1 Modified R & D Procedures Compared to the Procedures by Borg and Gall

(1983), and Sugiyono (2012) ...................................................................... 88

Table 3.2 Quantitative Data Conversion .................................................................. 101

Table 4.1 Summary of Book Analysis based on Cunningsworth Model (1995) ...... 120

Table 4.2 Checklist of Syllabus Analysis based on Permendiknas 20/2005 ............ 122

Table 4.3 Need Analysis Result of Goal Aspect ...................................................... 129

Table 4.4 Need Analysis Result of Input Aspect ..................................................... 131

Table 4.5 Need Analysis Result of Procedure Aspect .............................................. 133

Table 4.6 Need Analysis Result of Student and Teacher Role Aspect..................... 134

Table 4.7 Need Analysis Result of Setting Aspect ................................................... 134

Table 4.8 Standard Competence and Basic Competence Taken to be Develop for

Learning Material ..................................................................................... 139

Table 4.9 Example of the Developing Course Grid Chapter 1 ................................. 140

Table 4.10 Result of Expert Validation from Expert of ELT ..................................... 149

Table 4.11 Standard of Evaluation ............................................................................. 149

Table 4.12 Result of Expert Validation from Expert of Language ............................ 160

Table 4.13 Result of Expert Validation from Expert of Nursing ............................... 162

Table 4.14 Result of Expert Validation from Expert of Layout ................................. 164

Table 4.15 Summary of Expert Validation ................................................................. 165

Table 4.16 The Teacher’s Response to Try Out 1 ...................................................... 176

Table 4.17 Students’ Response to Try Out 1 .............................................................. 177





Table 4.22 Revision from Try Out 1 – 3 ................................................................... 200

xvii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Project Based Learning at a Glance (Yusoff, 2006: 5) ............................... 30

Figure 3.1 Borg and Gall’s Research and Development Cycle (1983)........................ 84

Figure 3.2 Sugiyono’s Research and Development Cycle (2012) ............................... 86

Figure 3.3 Stages of Designing Supplementary Project Book ..................................... 88

Figure 3.4 Data Validity in Exploration Stage ............................................................ 93

Figure 3.5 Components in Analysing Data (Interactive Model) by Miles and Huberman

(1984) in Sugiyono (2012: 338) ................................................................ 95

Figure 3.6 The Cycle of Try Out ................................................................................. 97

Figure 3.7 Data Validity in Development Stage .......................................................... 99

Figure 3.8 Data Analysis Technique .......................................................................... 101

Figure 4.1 Book Cover of “English for Vocational Schools IA” .............................. 107

Figure 4.2 SK and KD used in the book .................................................................... 109

Figure 4.3 Table of Content ....................................................................................... 110

Figure 4.4 Unclear Illustrations of the Pictures in Chapter 2 .................................... 111

Figure 4.5 Unclear Illustrations of the Pictures in Chapter 3 .................................... 112

Figure 4.6 Practices for Grammar in Chapter 8 ......................................................... 114

Figure 4.7 Materials for Speaking Skill in Chapter 9 ................................................ 115

Figure 4.8 Materials for Listening Skill in Chapter 1 ................................................ 115

Figure 4.9 Materials for Reading Skill in Chapter 8 .................................................. 116

Figure 4.10 Materials for Writing Skill in Chapter 2 .................................................. 117

Figure 4.11 Topic of Chapter 4 and 5 .......................................................................... 118

Figure 4.12 Revision of Label Names (Project to Activity) ........................................ 153

Figure 4.13 Cover Book Revision ............................................................................... 154

Figure 4.14 Topic Selection Image Revision ............................................................... 154

Figure 4.15 Vocabulary List Revision ......................................................................... 156

Figure 4.16 Phonetic Transcription ............................................................................. 157

Figure 4.17 Revision of Activity Instruction ............................................................... 157

Figure 4.18 Rubric Assessment ................................................................................... 159

xviii

Figure 4.19 Revision of Project Instruction ................................................................. 160

Figure 4.20 Listening Script Revision ......................................................................... 161

Figure 4.21 Cover Book Revision ............................................................................... 163

Figure 4.22 Revision of Subtitle Draft Book Chapter 4 .............................................. 163

Figure 4.23 Revision of Website Standard APA Citations ......................................... 164

Figure 4.24 Cover Book Revision .............................................................................. 165

Figure 4.25 Revision of Activity 1 in Chapter 1 ......................................................... 182

Figure 4.26 Revision of Activity3 in Chapter 1 .......................................................... 182

Figure 4.27 Revision of Activity3a and 3b in Chapter 2 ............................................ 192

Figure 4.28 Revision of Activity3c in Chapter 2 ........................................................ 193

xix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AEC : ASEAN Economic Community

BSNP : BadanStandarNasionalPendidikan

CLT : Communicative Language Teaching

CSI : Citra Semesta Indonesia

ELT : English Language Teaching

ESP : English for Specific Purposes

FGD : Focus Group Discussion

KD : KompetensiDasar

KTSP : Kurikulum Tingkat SatuanPendidikan

LP2IP : LembagaPemacuPrestasiBidangIlmuPengetahuan

MGMP : Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran

PBL : Project-based Learning

SCANS : Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills

SK : StandarKompetensi

SKL : StandarKompetensiLulusan

SMK : SekolahMenengahKejuruan

R&D : Research and Development

xx

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 : Document Analysis..................................................................... 230

a. Course Book Evaluation Guideline .................................... 231

b. Syllabus Evaluation Guideline ............................................ 233

c. Lesson Plan Evaluation Guideline ...................................... 235

Appendix 2 : Interview for Need Analysis ....................................................... 237

a. Interview Guideline ............................................................ 238

b. Interview Transcript ............................................................ 240

Appendix 3 : Observation in Exploration Stage ............................................... 244

a. Observation Guideline ........................................................ 245

b. Field Note of Observation ................................................... 248

Appendix 4 : Questionnaire for Need Analysis ................................................ 251

a. Questionnaire Guideline ..................................................... 252

b. Questionnaire Form ............................................................ 253

c. The Result of Questionnaire ............................................... 260

Appendix 5 : Expert Judgment ......................................................................... 269

a. Instrument of Expert Validation Form ................................ 270

b. The Result of Expert Judgment ........................................... 279

Appendix 6 : Classroom Observation of Try Out ............................................ 287

a. Checklist of Classroom Observation .................................. 288

b. Field note of Try Out .......................................................... 290

Appendix 7 : Focus Group Discussion (FGD) ................................................. 297

a. Interview Guideline for FGD .............................................. 298

b. Transcript of FGD ............................................................... 299

c. Conclusion of FGD ............................................................. 303

Appendix 8 : Questionnaire after Try Out ........................................................ 304

a. Questionnaire Guideline ..................................................... 305

b. Questionnaire Form ............................................................ 306

c. The Result of Questionnaire ............................................... 310

Appendix 9 : Syllabus ...................................................................................... 312

Appendix 10 : Course Grid................................................................................. 314

Appendix 11 : Permission Letter ........................................................................ 317

Appendix 12 : Prototype Design ........................................................................ 321

Appendix 13 : Final Product............................................................................... 323

xxi

ABSTRAK

Hikmah Pravitasari. S 200140026. DEVELOPING SUPPLEMENTARY

ENGLISH MATERIAL BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR

NURSING STUDENTS OF MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF SMK CITRA

SEMESTA INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA. Thesis. Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2017.

Penelitian ini bertujuan pada pengembangan materi ajar tambahan bahasa

inggris untuk memenuhi kebutuhan siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran di

sekolah menengah kejuruan menggunakan pendekatan Project-based Learning

(PBL). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi kualitas dari buku teks

bahasa inggris yang tersedia dan digunakan di SMK Citra Semesta Indonesia

(CSI) Yogyakarta, dan untuk mengembangkan materi ajar tambahan bahasa

inggris berbasis proyek di SMK CSI Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini dikategorikan kedalam penelitian dan pengembangan atau

yang lebih dikenal dengan R&D. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahapan yaitu

tahap eksplorasi dan tahap pengembangan. Tahap eksplorasi berupa: (1) deskripsi

dari buku teks bahasa inggris yang tersedia dan digunakan di SMK CSI

Yogyakarta, dan (2) analisa kebutuhan dari materi pembelajaran bahasa inggris

kejuruan untuk siswa program pembelajaran keperawatan. Sedangkan pada tahap

pengembangan berupa: (1) deskripsi dari konsep buku tambahan bahan ajar

bahasa inggris berbasis proyek yang dikembangkan peneliti, dan (2) hasil dari uji

coba konsep buku tambahan bahan ajar bahasa inggris berbasis proyek yang diuji

cobakan di kelas, dan (3) hasil akhir dari produk buku yang dikembangkan

tersebut.

Data penelitian pada tahap eksplorasi dikumpulkan melalui analisa

dokumen, observasi, pembagian kuisioner, dan melakukan interview. Hal tersebut

dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data kualitas dari buku teks bahasa inggris yang

tersedia dan digunakan di SMK CSI Yogyakarta dan kebutuhan siswa akan materi

ajar tersebut. Hasil dari tahap eksplorasi menyatakan bahwa buku teks bahasa

inggris yang tersedia dan digunakan di SMK CSI Yogyakarta berisi materi

pembelajran bahasa inggris yang masih umum dan kurang spesifik untuk

digunakan siswa jurusan keperawatan. Oleh sebab itu, hasil dari tahap eksplorasi

menyatakan bahwa buku tambahan bahan ajar bahasa inggris berbasis proyek

perlu dikembangkan dengan mempertimbangkan pada kebutuhan guru dan siswa.

Buku tambahan bahan ajar bahasa inggris berbasis proyek tersebut dikembangkan

dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek. Aspek tersebut berupa teori-teori

teoritis dari English for Specific Purposes (ESP) dan Project-based Learning

(PBL). Kemudian Buku tambahan bahan ajar bahasa inggris berbasis proyek

tersebut dinilai dan dikoreksi oleh beberapa pakar ahli dari English Language

Teaching (ELT), pakar ahli keperawatan, pakar ahli bahasa, dan pakar ahli

rancangan buku. Setelah mendapatkan masukan dari para pakar ahli, peneliti

xxii

merevisi model produk buku tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan produk buku yang

sesuai, produk buku tersebut diuji cobakan tiga kali berturut-turut di kelas.

Dengan melakukan observasi, pembagian kuisioner, dan melakukan focus grup

diskusi yang melibatkan peneliti, guru, dan siswa, konsep buku tambahan bahan

ajar bahasa inggris berbasis proyek tersebut direvisi hingga didapat hasil akhir

dari produk buku yang dikembangkan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, setelah melalui

tahap tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa konsep produk buku tersebut sesuai untuk

digunakan sebagai bahan ajar tambahan untuk mengajar siswa jurusan

keperawatan di sekolah menengah kejuruan. Produk buku tersebut diharapkan

dapat memberi beberapa kontribusi dan kemajuan untuk pengajaran dan

pembelajaran bahasa inggris.

Kata Kunci: ESP, R&D, PBL, buku ajar tambahan, sekolah kejuruan

xxiii

ABSTRACT

Hikmah Pravitasari. S 200140026. DEVELOPING SUPPLEMENTARY

ENGLISH MATERIAL BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR

NURSING STUDENTS OF MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF SMK CITRA

SEMESTA INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA. Thesis. Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2017.

This research aims at developing Supplementary English Material to fulfil

the students’ need toward the material at vocational high school using Project-

based Learning (PBL). It was conducted to investigate (1) the quality of the

existing course book used in SMK Citra Semesta Indonesia (CSI) Yogyakarta,

and (2) the development of the Supplementary Project book in SMK CSI

Yogyakarta.

This research was categorized into Research and Development (R & D). It

was conducted in two steps, they were exploration and development. The

exploration step revealed: (1) the description of the existing course book used in

SMK CSI Yogyakarta and (2) the need analysis of the ESP learning material for

students of nursing study program. While the development step explained: (1) the

description of the draft of supplementary project book, (2) the result of the trial of

the draft, and (3) the final draft of supplementary project book.

The data in the exploration stage were collected through conducting

document analysis, observation, questionnaire, and having interview. It was

carried out to reveal the quality of existing course book used in SMK CSI

Yogyakarta and the learner’s need toward the material. The findings show that the

existing course book contains general English material and it is less specific to be

used for the students of nursing skill program. Hence, the findings imply the

supplementary project book was needed to be developed by considering the need

of the teacher and the students. The supplementary project book was developed by

considering some aspects. It contains theoretical theories of ESP and PBL. Then,

it was validated and reviewed by some experts in English Language Teaching

(ELT), expert of Nursing, and expert of layout. After obtaining the feedback from

the experts, then the researcher revised the prototype. To get the feasible product,

the prototype was implemented three times in the classroom. Through conducting

observation, distributing questionnaire, and having focus group discussion that

involved the researcher, the teacher, and students, the draft was revised to be the

final draft of supplementary project book. Therefore, after going through the

stages, it could be said that the draft is feasible to be applied as supplementary

material to teach students of nursing skill program in vocational high school. It is

expected that the book can give some contribution and improvement for English

teaching and learning.

Keywords: ESP, R&D, PBL, Supplementary book, Vocational School

developing supplementary english material based on …

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