Development and Quality of Life

http://www.slideshare.net/wong_teck_kiong_nicholas/development-pearson-2011-7786364

DevelopmentA progressive process aimed at achieving

economic growth and as a result, a conducive environment for

individuals to enjoy a decent standard of living and

quality of life

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SoL & QoLStandard of living (SoL):

Living conditions OR A measure of the quality and quantity of

resources available to people and the way these resources are distributed within a population

Quality of life (QoL):The degree of satisfaction that an individual or

a group of people have with their living conditions and lifestyle

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Indicators of Development

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Indicators of Development

Economic• Income per

capita• Employment

structure

Demographic

• Life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate

• Urban population

Social• Access to

water & sanitation

• Adult literacy rate

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Income per capitaGross National Product (GNP)

Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens of a country in a given year.

Includes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Refers to the total value of goods and services

produced by the citizens and non-citizens in a country in a given year.

Excludes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country 04/22/2023

Employment StructurePrimary Industries

Industries that extract natural resources from the Earth

Secondary IndustriesIndustries that convert natural resources into

useful productsTertiary Industries

Industries that provide services

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Life ExpectancyRefers to the average number of years a

person can expect to live in a particular country

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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)Refers to the number of deaths of children

under the age of one per 1000 live births in a year

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Urban PopulationRefers to the percentage of people living in

an urban area

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Adult Literacy RateRefers to the

percentage of population aged 15 and above who are able to read, write and understand simple statements.

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Human Development Index (HDI)Refers to a composite index that range from 0 – 1

to rank countries by level of human development and separate developed, developing and less developed countries

Combines GDP per capita, adult literacy rate and life expectancy

The closer the index is to 1, the higher the developmentLevel of Human

DevelopmentHDI Values

High 0.800 – 1.000

Medium 0.500 – 0.799

Low 0.499 and below04/22/2023

HDI 2009

Quiz 1:Describe the development of the world measured by the HDI. [?]

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Factors Affecting Development

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FactorsSocial

EducationPopulation growth

rateEnvironmental

Natural disastersClimate

Historical ReasonColonialism

EconomicRaw materialsCumulative

causationPolitical Reasons

Political conflictLeadership

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Social ~ EducationCountries with low literacy will face difficulties in

achieving development. Low literacy rates is common among LDCs as the

children have fewer opportunities for education because their parents cannot afford to send them to school OR

The number of schools may be limited or there may be a lack of teachers and inadequate facilities

This will result in slow and low development as people with little education face more difficulties learning new skills and technology, leading to a shortage of skilled labour thereby slowing down the development of higher value secondary and tertiary industries

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Social ~ Population GrowthThe lack of education

usually result in the lack of family planning which lead to large family sizes and overpopulation

Overpopulation may lead to insufficient food, housing and healthcare facilities hence resulting in undevelopment

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Environmental ~ Natural DisastersBoth DCs and LDCs are subjected to natural

disastersHowever DCs have the resources to recover

from natural disasters faster than LDCs.

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Environmental ~ ClimateCountries that experiences favorable climates

are more likely to be developed countries Cool and moist climate of Canada and USA

allowed the growing of many important crops such as wheat and oat, which can be consumed or exported

Countries that experiences unfavorable climates are more likely to be less developed countries

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Raw materialsCountries with rich raw materials tend to be

able to achieve development faster asWealth from the raw materials can be

invested to develop the country and raise the quality of life

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Political ConflictCountries with unstable environments such

as frequent wars and social unrest will deter investors, leading to lack of resources for development

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