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HarmonAC - Vienna meeting –January 2010
Development and use of simulation toolsdedicated to energy audit of non-
residential buildingsStéphane Bertagnolio
Bertrand Fabry - Philippe André
University of Liège, Belgium
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TOC
• Introduction• Methodology• Simulation Tools• Example of application• Conclusion
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Introduction
• Initially developed in the frame of the AUDITAC project
• Development continued in the frame of the WP7 of theHarmonAC project: « Improved inspection and auditingtools »
• Simulation tools dedicated to benchmarking, inspection and audit of non-residential buildings
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TOC
• Introduction• Methodology• Simulation Tools• Example of application• Conclusion
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Methodology
• Benchmarking: first assessment of the building performance (comparison between actual and reference consumptions)
• Pre-audit (or Inspection): study of installed system, detailed analysis of global recorded energy consumption
• Detailed audit: quantitative evaluation of selected Energy Conservation Opportunities
• Investment grade audit: detailed technical and economical engineering study
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The sticky situation of the auditor
• Analysis of energyconsumption
• Identification of main energy consumers
• Identification of ECOs• Quantitative evaluation of
selected ECOs
Global and limitedinformation
• Monthly utility bills• (Uncomplete) as-built
data• On-site
measurements
Practicalconstrains
• Time• Money
Questions to answer
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Methodology
How simple simulation tools can help ?
• Benchmarking: first assessment of the building performance (comparison between actual and reference consumptions)
computation of reference performances• Pre-audit (or Inspection): study of installed system, detailed analysis
of global recorded energy consumptiondisaggregation of recorded energy consumption
• Detailed audit: quantitative evaluation of selected Energy Conservation Opportunities
comparison between ECOs, evaluation of energy savings
• Investment grade audit: detailed technical and economical engineering study
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TOC
• Introduction• Methodology• Simulation Tools• Example of application• Conclusion
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1st Simulation Tool
• SimBench• Used to compute reference performance• Mono-zone simulation of the actual building coupled to a
“typical” reference HVAC system• System characteristics based on standards :PrEN13779 /
PrEN13053
SIMBENCH
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2nd Simulation Tool
• SimAudit• Used to disaggregate recorded energy consumptions
and to evaluate the selected ECOs• Mono-zone or Multi-zone Simulation of the actual building
and the actual HVAC system• Calibration of the model to recorded energy consumptions
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Simulation Tools
• SimBench = CEN code compliant simulation of theconsidered building
• SimAudit = simplified building energy simulation tool to be calibrated
Similar modeling bases
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Building zone model
• Simple multizone building model (simple hourly methodEN 13790)
• Water capacitance method (source: Trnsys)
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Sequential solving
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TOC
• Introduction• Methodology• Simulation Tools• Example of application• Conclusion
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Case study
• Office building in Brussels (Belgium) : 26700 m²• H shape, N-S oriented• Light frontage composed of 1000 double-glazing modules• CAV system coupled to local heating/cooling induction units• Very high ventilation flow rate : 2.4 ACH• 1100 occupants : 10 hours/day and 5 days/week
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Recorded data
• 30 years monthly fuel oil consumptions
- Slope (50 kW/K) ~ Building global heat transfer coef. (52
kW/K)
- High dispersion (correlation factor: 66%)
Due to heterogeneoususe of the HVAC system(and solar gains)
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Recorded data
• 2 years monthly (total) electricity consumptions
- No seasonal effect- Impossible to identify the differentconsumers
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Use of simulation tools
• Benchmarking
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Use of simulation tools
• Model calibration
0 – 1: Parameters adjusted basingon as-built data
1 – 2: Electrical gains adjustedbasing on visual observations
2 – 3: Modification of performance of primary HVAC components
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Use of simulation tools
• Analysis and Disaggregation
- Slope (55 kW/K) ~ Recorded value (50 kW/K)- Better correlation factor: 98%
Discrepancies due to variationsin building occupancy and use
-Important part due to appliances and lighti- Chiller : about 10 % of the total
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Use of simulation tools
• Evaluation of retrofit options
1: better fresh air management (decreasing of operating timefrom 75h to 55h per week)
2: increasing of air recirculation
3: air-to-air heat recovery system
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TOC
• Introduction• Methodology• Simulation Tools• Example of application• Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Two simplified building energy simulation tools withlimited number of parameters dedicated to audit
• « Benchmark »: code-compliant tool for benchmarkingpurposes
• « SimAudit »: simulation tool dedicated to inspection andevaluation of ECOs
www.harmonac.info
www.labothap.ulg.ac.be
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