Persistent and Emerging Challenges

Jorge Carrillo-Rodriguez18th December 2012

Economic growth Centralized/market economies Political regimes Role of agriculture Export-oriented Developmental state Productivism

Gini Differential access to benefits Poverty:

Lack of income and productive assets

Lack of access to services and information

Lack of voice in decision-making

Barriers

Financial: fees, opportunity cost

Legal: registrations, legal access

Socio-cultural: discrimination because of gender, ethnicity, physical ability, age, etc.

Political: political decisions that exclude social groups/individuals

Socialexclusion

Inequalities• Financial: fees, opportunity

cost• Legal: registrations, legal

access• Socio-cultural:

discrimination because of gender, ethnicity, physical ability, age, etc.

• Political: political decisions that exclude social groups/ individuals

SocialProtection

SocialJustice

Context/Tools• Citizenship• Legal empowerment• Rights-based

approach• Rule of law

VulnerabilityRisks

Temporality• Transient/crisis• Chronic

Middle-income farmers Civil society movements Digital identities Regional citizenships Multiculturalism

Ageing Fertility/marriage Family size Youth bulge

National Rural-urban The new “extended” households Circular migration Intra-urbanInternational ASEAN Supranational issues

Speed of change Urban primacy/megacities White collar/graduate unemployment Divided cities Engaged urban citizenships Slums/Informal housing Urban safety

Employment

Jobless growth

Vulnerabilities

Universal protection vs targeted

Shadow/illegal

Gender Climate change IT/Digital innovation Middle-income trap Regional integration vs. national priorities Globalization

Economic instability

China

development as structural transformation development as human development development as democratic participation and

good governance development as sustainability

Development as a technical problemDevelopment as a political problem

Political economy Human capital Institutional change

Depoliticization of development The role of evidence Policy vs academic

Thank you