development from the bottom of the pyramid: an analysis of the development innovation ventures...
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Development from the Bottom of the Pyramid: An Analysis of the Development Innovation Ventures Program. Julian Leland American Society of Mechanical Engineers Swarthmore College August 4 th , 2011. Outline. Definition Technology-Based Development Today Global Development Policy Directive - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Development from the Bottom of the Pyramid:An Analysis of the Development Innovation Ventures Program
Julian LelandAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersSwarthmore CollegeAugust 4th, 2011
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Outline• Definition
• Technology-Based Development Today– Global Development Policy Directive– Development Innovation Ventures (DIV) Program
• Problems in Technology-Based Development– Current Funding Climate
• Policy Recommendations
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Definition• Technology-Based Development
– Achievement of development outcomes through innovative technological means
– Not basic science research– Emphasis on producing immediate development outcomes– Targeting Individuals– Targeting the “bottom of the pyramid” (BOP)
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Definition• Why technology-based
development?
– Leverage of existing technologies (cellphones)
http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/PD-AA003_STRAW_20080616161258.jpg
LifeStraw Water Filter Pen
http://www.skipumps.com/images/moneymaker-1.png
Kickstart Super Moneymaker Pump
http://listverse.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/nokeron100-light-bulb-small.jpg?w=196&h=350
Nokero N100 Solar Bulb
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Technology-Based Development Today
• The Global Development Policy Directive
– Emphasis on Science, Technology and Innovation in Development
“In FY 2012, in support of the President’s Global Development Policy, the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) will enhance the use of science, technology, and innovation to achieve global development goals.”
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Technology-Based Development Today
• Programs at USAID– The DIV Program
http://www.usaid.gov/div/model.html
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Evaluation• Methodology
– Interviews• Technology-Based Development
Practitioners• Funding Organizations• Relevant Experts• Government Representatives
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Evaluation• Current Funding Climate: Public Funding
– Excludes DIV
– Problems• Grants are limited in applicability• Grant-making process is resource-intensive,
inflexible and slow
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
USDA NSF USAID - DGP Grand Challenges
Single Grant Amount, USD
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Evaluation• Current Funding Climate: Private
Funding
– Problems• Not enough money at the bottom
1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000
Social Entrepreneur Incubators Social Enterprise Investors
Crowdsourced Funding Coordinators Philanthropies
Contest Organizers
Single Grant Amount, USD
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Evaluation• Current Funding Climate: DIV
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Evaluation• Other Notes
– Implementing programs takes time – level of scaling is not feasible
– Visibility is important
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Recommendations• Short Term:
– Keep funding focused on Tier 1
– Increase visibility of DIV program
– Modify definition of “innovative” programs• Support for non-internet & communications
technology (ICT)/business programs• Increase emphasis on sustainability of solutions
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Recommendations• Long Term
– Create small-scale funding opportunities
– Pursue alternative grant systems for small grants• Facilitate crowdsourced funding for small grants• Low/zero-interest loans• Low overhead traditional grants
– Pursue intergovernmental partnerships to leverage other government assets
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Conclusion• Thanks to…
– WISE: Melissa Carl, Sandy Yeigh, fellow WISE interns– Noha El-Ghobashy, Ian Hoffbeck, Jeff Brown, Hillary
Chen, John Buydos– Interviewees at organizations
Questions?