development of a wave energy converter - owemes sea.pdf · development of a wave energy converter...
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M. Bassetti, A. Corsini, G. Delibra, F. Rispoli, E. Tuccimei, P. Venturini
POSEIDONE projectUnder the auspicies of MATTM
Development of a wave energy converterfor Mediterranean operation
MARE X MED
FMGroup @ DMA-SapienzaCRAS Sapienza
G. Faggiolati, S. Piccinini, G. Romani, M. Ruggeri
F. Arena, P. Boccotti, S. Meduri, A. Romolo
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Outline
Motivations and aims
Description of the POSEIDONE project
Caisson concept and performance
Wells turbine design
REWEC-TW transient modeling and performance forecast
REWEC-TW test-rig & experimental validation campaigns
POSEIDONE Project
Source: based on Claesson, (1987)WEC 1996 estimate world wide
energy potential of 2.000
TWh/yr
comparable to 10% of the world energy demand on 2002
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Motivations (i), why Ocean Energy
wave energy features high specific
power
with the energy density in the range 20 to 70 kW/m for the best sea climates
more uniform day-time availability
when compared to the solar radiation peaks
POSEIDONE Project
ASME-ATI-UIT 2010
Sea state data. Hs e Tm annual distribution
Data:•Direction (Dir)•Wave height (Hs)•Wave period (Tm)
Source: APAT, www.idromare.it, 2005 data.
mHs 73.0=
sTm
18.4=
summer
period
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Motivations (i), why Ocean Energy
POSEIDONE Project
Motivations (ii), why Ocean Energy in Mediterranean sea
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Corsini A., et al Space-Time Mapping Of Wave Energy
Conversion Potential In Mediterranean Sea States. ASME-ATI-
UIT 2010
POSEIDONE Project
Motivations (iii), why Ocean Energy in Mediterranean sea
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Corsini A., et al Space-Time Mapping Of Wave Energy
Conversion Potential In Mediterranean Sea States. ASME-ATI-
UIT 2010
POSEIDONE Project
State-of-the-art class of wave energy converters
State-of-the-art Wells turbine, mono-plane
• self-rectifying turbine
• narrow operating margin
• designed for ocean conditions
above 30 kW/m
POSEIDONE Project
State-of-the-art OWC chamber
• standard OWC chamber features small period of oscillationdifficult resonance in case of near-shore waves
• reduced structural resistenceowing to the geometrical configuration
• opening in OWC attenuates energyconversion from small period waves
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
New class of wave energy converters (i)
POSEIDONE Project
POSEIDONE project
This programme of research aims at the definition of a technology standard
for on-shore WEC suited for Mediterranean sea states and port breakwater
caisson integrationin a view to develop the first Italian full-scale prototype and a open-ocean test-rig @ NOEL Lab in Reggio Calabria
The proposed WEC defines a RES for µ-power generation (1 - 100 kWe)
The WEC is based on the combination
an innovative resonant caisson (U-OWC or REWEC3) designed by
P. Boccotti and industrialized by WavEnergy.it s.r.l. (pat. n.
1332519)
Wells turbine concept tailored to cope with low-energy wave
conditions
Boccotti P., 2007. Part I: Theory. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp. 806-819.
Boccotti P., Filianoti P, Fiamma V, Arena F. 2007. Part II: A small-scale field experiment. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp. 820-841.
New class of wave energy converters (ii), turbine
Design challenges for Mediterraneanapplications
• optimization of torque @ low flow rate
• stall resistent turbine
• compact unit at high rotational speed
• extension of duty time
POSEIDONE Project
experiments
Setoguchi T. Santhakumar S. Takao M. Kim T.H. Kaneko K. 2003 “A modified
Wells turbine for wave energy conversion” Renewable Energy
New class of wave energy converters (iii), turbine
Design challenges for Mediterraneanapplications
• optimization of torque @ low flow rate
• stall resistent turbine
• compact unit at high rotational speed
• extension of duty time
POSEIDONE Project
Torque coefficient
Efficiency
3600 rpm
3000 rpm
New class of wave energy converters (iv), turbine
Design challenges for Mediterraneanapplications
• optimization of torque @ low flow rate
• stall resistent turbine
• compact unit at high rotational speed
• extension of duty time
POSEIDONE Project
NACA0015
NACA0020
Università Mediterranea RC, Wavenergy.it
REWEC (Resonant Wave Energy Converter), known also as U-OWC or J-OWC
(Oscillating Water Column with a U/J duct) is a caisson breakwater to protect a
port and to convert wave energy into electrical power.
example of REWEC breakwater
a vertical duct (1) that is connected both to the sea through an upper opening (2), and to an inner room (3) through a
lower opening (4). This inner room contains a water mass (3a) in its lower part and an air pocket (3b) in its upper part. An
air-duct (5), which connects the air pocket (3b) to the atmosphere, contains a Wells turbine (6). Waves produce a
pressure fluctuation at the outer opening (2), water oscillates up and down in the duct (1), and the air pocket alternately is
compressed and expanded. Then, an alternate air flow is obtained in the air duct, which drives the turbine (6).
REsonant Wave Energy Converter
POSEIDONE Project
REsonant Wave Energy Converter
POSEIDONE Project
Main featuresThe plant is able to convert up to the 100% of the energy of swells (low
frequency waves) into the energy of a water column, then to wire (P. Boccotti)
The propagation speed of the wave energy reflected by an U-OWC can
approach zero.
Validation carried out @ NOEL (Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory –
www.noel.unirc.it) 16 m long U-OWC was built on 2 m water depth “Ocean
Engineering” (Vol. 34 , Issues 5-6, 2007)
Main innovationssuper-amplification of swells is not dangerous for the stability of the caisson:
wind waves of severe sea storms remain, by far, more critical for the stability;
an U-OWC reduces the height of reflected wind waves, being able to absorb a
great share of the energy of wind waves (even if not the 100% in this case);
U-OWC candidates itself as the power plants being able to produce electrical
power from a renewable source with the greatest continuity
Design data requirements
Blade profile: NACA 0015Configuration: Monoplane
Outer diameter: 0.5 m
Rotational frequency: 3000 to 36000 rpm
Bulk velocity (design): 9.1 m/s
FMGroup @ DIMA-Sapienza
Target peak turbine power 2 kW
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
Aerodynamic design process
Solidity checkCaisson hydrodynamic interface
Torque & power
Self-starting
Hub design
CFD-aided IGV-OGV design
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Sensitivity to solidity
Solidità palare (σ) 0.64/0.5
Numero di pale (z) 3/4/7/8/9
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Sensitivity to solidity
Hub to tip ratio (÷) 0.75/0.5
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Rotor configuration & performance
shub c z L (m) T (N m) Paer(W) Pmecc (W) ηηηη
BEM simulation
5.25
BEM simulation
2237.74
BEM simulation
1979.06
BEM simulation
0.7370.64 0.75 7 0.108
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Self-starting
shub c z L (m) T (N m) Paer(W) Pmecc (W) ηηηη
BEM simulation
5.20
BEM simulation
2215.00
BEM simulation
1960.00
BEM simulation
0.80.64 0.75 7 0.117
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine, CFD based design of IGV-OGV
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
500000 nodes – 2700000 cells
Average aspect ratio 1.23
Max aspect ratio 15
Min aspect ratio 1
Wall distance 2.4×10-3
Inflow velocity radial profile
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine, CFD based design of IGV-OGV
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
CFD based design of IGV-OGV
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza A. Corsini, OWEMES2012, Rome, Italy, Sept 2012
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
CFD based design of IGV-OGV performance
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
DIMAFP-TW1.5CFD rotor only
DIMAFP-TW1.5design
DIMAFP-TW1.5field data
(NOEL Lab)
Q [m3/s] 1.0178 0.948
∆∆∆∆p [Pa] 2679 2578 2707
Cm [Nm] 4.48 5.07
P [W] 1408 1592 1401
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
CFD based design of IGV-OGV performance
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0,000 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000
Pressure in the REWEC chamber (Pa)
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
Transient performance simulation
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
Data measured @ NOEL Reggio Calabria – typical winter sea state, Arena et al. (2011)
The wave power behaviour analysis was performed in a time-dependent fashion
TRNSYS 15 with IISiBat3 software
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
Transient performance simulation
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
-0,002
0
0,002
0,004
0,006
0,008
0,01
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
DIMA-FP TW pressure-power curve
(Corsini. Rispoli and Pesci, OWEMES 2006)
Transient modelling of WEC
Waveclimate
REWECchamber
Wellsturbine
Hs. Tm. h → Pw
POWC
Electric
load data
Control
system
PD
Aux gen-set
RES power system
Conventional power system
Electric grid
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
0,0000
0,5000
1,0000
1,5000
2,0000
2,5000120,000 130,000 140,000 150,000 160,000 170,000 180,000
time (s)
(kW)
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
Transient performance simulation
-0,5000
0,0000
0,5000
1,0000
1,5000
2,0000
2,5000
0 20 40 60 80 100
p (
kW
)
% time
POSEIDONE Project
FMGroup @ DMA-Sapienza
DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine
Transient performance simulation
Il test rig Poseidone
anemometro e manometro
ventilatore
centrifugo
inverter e chopper di frenatura
raddrizzatore
Le curve caratteristiche
guide vanes
Le misure acustiche
Sono state condotte misure a regime stazionario in mandata per il rotore isolato
regime di rotazione: n = 2500 rpm
4 portate: Q1 = 1000 Nm3/h, Q2 = 2000 Nm3/h, Q3 = 3000 Nm3/h, Q4 = 4000 Nm3/h (stallo)
4 posizioni per il microfono: A, B, C, D
setup misure acustiche
Confronto dei livelli di pressione sonora al variare della portata
I livelli di pressione sonora crescono con la portata a tutte le frequenze
POSEIDONE consortium
An integrated procedure for the design of a wave energy converter developed for Mediterranean operation
FMGroup @ DMA-SapienzaCRAS Sapienza