Nearly 15% of global electricity consumption is used for lighting (International Energy Agency, IEA/UNEP 2014), lighting is used every day, all the time, all over the world. Lighting is a huge energy consumer and emitter of carbon dioxide. As a result, introducing energy-efficiency into the lighting market has become a high priority for the European Union. Meanwhile, cities around the world are dealing with the challenges of improving accessibility and safety of outdoor spaces while minimizing the impacts of light pollution. And, the new lighting technology has an impact on environmental sustainability due to its higher efficacy of light sources, longer service life, flexible switching and better dimming posibilities.The role of outdoor lighting has increasingly gone beyond the need to fulfill the lighting function, it has given more social interactions and has even promoted the role of new economic forms.

The Ljubljana Transport District is located in the center of Ljubljana.The district is surrounded by a number of active residential neighborhoods and office buildings, neighbors use it as an important gateway to and from the city,

it is a transit point for national and international buses, and it is the first stop for national and international travelers arriving in Ljubljana by bus or train. So, this area carries many functions, it is a neighborhood for local residents, a transport point for intercity students taking buses, a gateway to the city of Ljubljana, and the first impression of Ljubljana for international tourists. It is not only a functional area during the day but also an exceptionally important one at night.

Due to the long history of the station, which has been in a state of waiting for reconstruction, its night lighting has been unmaintained and unmodified for a long time, with old and energy-consuming equipment, poor lighting continuity and functionality in some areas confusing switching systems, etc., safety hazards and unnecessary energy consumption and so need to be re-designed.

The new plan of outdoor lighting updates the lighting system for the station’s public spaces and surroundings, and provides additional lighting for areas with safety hazards. Nighttime lighting will also be expanded with new lighting forms and sculptures.

The new plan will also seek to maximise the use of existing resources, such as using existing light poles or electrical circuits where possible, and exploring the potential for lighting to impact on night-time spaces and quality of life.

• Reduce safety hazards.• Adopt new LED products and intelligent adaptive lighting system to

reduce the functional electricity consumption of lighting and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

• Create a suitable lighting atmosphere, improve the safety and comfort of urban night life and enhance the city’s night image.

• Improve the continuity of nighttime lighting between areas and improve the quality of lighting for night travel.

• Use new forms of light and human interaction to positively influence the nightlife and nighttime economy around the station.

In the area of the station and its surroundings, some parts have high lighting levels, while some parts are unilluminated. In particular, the junction area between functional areas, such as the park on the south side of the station with the connects the south square of the station and the main passage to the city center is less illuminated. The connection between the underpass and the front square is unilluminated.Some advertising lightboxes have a higher brightness level, which is not in harmony with the surrounding lighting atmosphere.In some areas the use of lamps is not standardized, causing interference to pedestrians and neighboring areas, including signs in the area in front of the car park and near the station.

The north to the south side of the station is mainly the walking area at night, while the East and west are the sidewalks and car lanes. The north underpass en-trance is close to the park and residential area, the south road intersects the park area to the city center, the west and east road extensions are the station and the surrounding area, and the south street shop area, the roadway extensions on the west and east sides are the areas where the station meets the surroundings. The safety of intersection lighting, reasonable brightness of signage lighting, and continuous and consistent pathway lighting will provide clear guidance for pedestri-ans at night. The quality of nighttime lighting in intersection areas are also an attractive factor for residents. Better lighting ambiance, comfort, and safety at night may improve the utilization of public space at night and positively affect the quality of life of the surrounding residents. At the same time, a reasonable lighting scheme will adjust the lighting on/off mode and brightness output during the longer night hours to provide adequate, safe, and appropriate lighting for different operational needs and pedestrians, allowing rational use of energy and reducing unnecessary waste.

Ljubljana train station

University of Ljubljana

Celje train station

My name is Janina and I live with my parents in Celje. I am an Architecture student at the University of Ljubljana. My classes

are every Monday, Tuesday and Thursday from early morning till early evening. Reaching home or my school requires me to spend time in the Station waiting for my connections, sometimes, the waiting time could be considerable long. Since I spend considerable time waiting for my connections, I was especially hoping to get to find corners or dedicated areas in the station where I can comfortable wait for my connections while I can enjoy my book or simple, warmimg up during the winter.

Ljubljana city center

Detelova ulica, Ljubljana

Ljubljana central transport district

My name is Janez and I live in Detelova Ulica, Ljubljana. My morning and evening routine often include a walking to the down-

town river pathway with my dog. I have two ways to go there, one takes the Dunajska Street but most of the time, me and my dog enjoy walking the underpass Railway station to reach the river side. When we use the underpass, we usually cross it almost 4 times a day, I prefer to do it in the morning as it helps me with the visibility. I often avoid being late in the night as I am not comfortable with the lighting. I think the lighting is not good enough to walk safely before and af-ter the entrance/exit of the underpass, as well as the station’s areas

connecting the northern park and southern park.

Paris, France

Ljubljana airport

Ljubljana central transport district

Ljubljana City Hotel Ljubljana

My mane is Romain and I live in Paris. I love travel and I of-ten come to the city for business or simply, vacations. I enjoy Lju-

bljana very much, this city is beautiful, clean, small and quiet. The easiest way to get the city from the airport is by bus, however, if one is arriving by bus at the station at night, it is not easy to get around. If you are not familiar with the city, it is hard to find the right way out because of the lack of signaling to familiarize visitors with the streets. I remember the first time I came to the city; the streets’ signs around the station were hard to read because of the poor light levels, it took me quite long time to get to my hotel. The lighting from the station to the city was not evenly distributes to identify streets and read

streets’ names properly.

1. INTRODUCTION

Luminance distribution map, main facade of the transportation services building.The mainly luminance ratio is around 1:2.

Luminance distribution map, fast food bar entrance.The average luminance of the LOGO surface is around 550 cd/m2.

Luminance distribution map, Ljubljana bus station.The mainly luminace ration is around 60:1.

Luminance distribution map, bakery entrance.The average luminance of the light box surface is around 1400 cd/m2.

Luminance distribution map, Triglav Insurance Company Palace.Average of luminance around 0.2 cd/m2.

Figure 05:The currenly lighting level in and around the district

Refer to Figure 03 for the location of the corresponding figure number .

Luminance distribution map, Addiko Bank main entrance.The average luminance of the LOGO surface is around 30 cd/m2.

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654

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Figure 02: Pedestrian routes in and around the districtFigure 01: Paths of lighting Figure 03: Lighting plan zone

100 m N

The lighting intensity of other zones are defined according to the lighting standards recommendations, in conjunction with the surrounding lighting intensity. The lighting intensity and the reasonable light transition between the different zones is the key role of safety and guidance.

HORIZONTAL PLANE

Figure 04: Three compositions of lighting

SKY PLANE

VE

RT

ICA

L P

LA

NE

VERTICAL PLANE• Station sign• Street billboard• Cultural monument• Clock tower• Main facade• Underpass• Open platform• Lighting box• Traffic signals• Bill board

HORIZONTAL PLANE• Pedestrian path lighting• Cycle way lighting• Vehicle way lighting• Public waiting area lighting• Parking lots lighting• Park lighiting• Underpass• Open platform

SKY PLANE• On a clear night, the brightness of the sky is

generally below 0.1 cd/m2.• This area has been measured several times

and the data shows the sky lumenlance be-tween 0.02 cd/m2 to 0.05 cd/m2

DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE PLAN FOR OUTDOOR LIGHTINGIN THE CENTRAL TRANSPORT DISTRICT OF LJUBLJANA (1/3)UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, FACULTY OF ARCHITECTUREMASTER’S THESIS

student name: Lanlan WEImentor: izr. prof. dr. Alenka FIKFAKco-mentor: Prof. dr. Grega BIZJAK