development of an integrated msw processing and...

Development of an Integrate MSW P&D facility at Maswasi Grant (V) by Saagar MSW Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Pre-Feasibility Report

Saagar MSW Solutions Private Limited

PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT

Development of an Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility

at Maswasi Grant (V) Sagar (D) by Saagar MSW Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

1. Executive Summary

The current Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management system in Sagar town and ten (10)

other surrounding Urban Local Bodies, ULBs (Makronia, Banda, Khurai, Rehli, Grahakota, Bina,

Deori, Rahatgarh, Shahgarh and Shahpur) currently does not comply with Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP), realizing the necessity of

efficient waste management system, wanted to establish an Integrated MSW processing and

Disposal Facility on Public Private Partnership (PPP) basis for management of MSW generated

in Sagar Town and 10 other surrounding ULBs.

Sagar Municipal Corporation, with an objective to set up an “Integrated Municipal Solid

Waste Management Project” on regional basis through private participation on Design Build,

part-Finance, Operate and Transfer (the “DBpFOT”) basis, adopted a one stage online

competitive bidding process, and selected “Saagar MSW Solutions Private Limited

(SMSWSPL)”, for management of MSW generated in Sagar town and 10 other surrounding

ULBs. Considering the population projection, the Project Proponent proposes to establish a

350 TPD Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility in Sagar Town with facilities such

as Composting/Dry Fermentation (for recovery of organics), Materials Recovery Facility (for

recovery of recyclables), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility for recovery of high calorific value

waste, Secured Landfill (for disposal of inerts) and Incinerator for leachate

treatment/disposal, RDF disposal, and for animal carcass.

The proposed Integrated Waste Management Facility will be established in a land of about

14.38 hectares located within Sagar town. The proposed site proves to be the best location

considering both the environmental and economical factors. Site Features are presented in

Table – 1.



Table 1: Site Features

Nature of the Project Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility

Location Maswasi Grant Village, Sagar (23o55’38.28” N, 78o43’29.88” E)

Land Area 14.38 Hectares (35.53 Acres approximately)

Nearest Town Sagar Town ( 8 km)

Nearest Railway Station Saugor railway station (8 km)

Nearest Airport Dhana Airport (22 km)

Nearest Highway AH 43 (600 m)

Sagar District is abound of Deep and Medium Black Soils. Sagar has a borderline humid

subtropical climate and tropical savana climate with hot summers, a somewhat cooler

monsoon season and cool winters. Heavy rain falls in the monsoon season in the month of

July and August.

Sagar experiences maximum precipitation (64% of the total annual) in the month of July and

August with 16.5 mm and 19.7 mm rainy days whereas March and April experience least.

Summers lasts from March to June whereas December and January are coldest months.

Based on the waste characteristics, proposed process consists of Dry Fermentation (anaerobic

digestion), Compost Plant (aerobic digestion), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Facility, and Material

Recovery Facility (MRF) etc. The flow chart of the process is shown in figure below.



The water requirement for operating the proposed facility is about 10 KLD. It is expected that

Sagar Municipal Corporation would supply water to this facility. Otherwise, water

requirement would be met through tankers. The energy requirement for operating the

proposed facility is about 0.5 MW which will be fulfilled by MPTRANSCO. Sufficient capacity

DG Sets (750 KVA) are proposed for power backup.

Adequate measures are proposed to be taken up for leachate management. Since the plant is

designed with a closed windrow, and best practices are followed during landfill operation,

minimum quantity of leachate will be generated which either will be circulated to landfill,

sprayed on landfill for dust control, use to keep the windrows moist. Any excess leachate that

accumulates after following the before mentioned steps will be evaporated by excess heat

from the bio-gas plant operations with proper air pollution control measures. More details on

leachate management presented in the PFR.

It is estimated that it will take up to 15 months for execution of the proposed project

(Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility) with all the facilities proposed. Operations

will continue for a minimum of about 17.5 years at this facility and will be further extended by

another 5 to 10 years. The approximate cost estimate for the proposed facility is about INR

49.5 Crores. About 25 full time employees and 30 contractual employees will be employed for

project operation. About 200 indirect employment will be generated for primary/secondary

collection, transportation etc.

2. Introduction

2.1. Current Situation of MSW Management in Sagar

The current municipal waste management practice in Sagar and surrounding ULBs does

not comply with Solid Waste Management Rules 2016. Non-compliance(s) to SWM Rules

include: (a) unmanaged and insufficient primary and secondary collection; (b) there is no

segregation of waste; (c) most waste dumped in open areas; (d) there is no recovery of

resources from waste before disposal; and (e) indiscriminate dumping and no sanitary

landfill.

2.2. Need for the Proposed Project

Indiscriminate and open burning of wastes results in air pollution. Indiscriminate

dumping of waste and leachate from waste dumpsites, and contaminated lands leads to



land pollution, surface water contamination, and ground water contamination. Also, a

significant delay between waste generation and final disposal results in odour nuisance,

environmental degradation, fly and rodent infestation etc.

It is highly necessary to establish an Integrated MSW Management Facility with

provisions such as recovery of organics (Composting), recovery of recyclables (Materials

Recovery Facility, MRF), recovery of high calorific value waste (Refuse Derived Fuel,

RDF), and disposal of inerts (Secured Landfill). Animal carcass incineration shall also be

included in the integrated facility.

2.3. Location Map of Sagar and Participating ULBs (MSW Service Area)

As per MoEF norms and MSW rules, it is mandatory to set up an efficient management

of Municipal Waste including: (1) Waste Collection (2) Transportation (3) Processing and

(4) Disposal of Inert Waste through Sanitary Land Fill by each ULB but the proposed

ULB’s does not have technical and financial strength to set up the Integrated system on

their own, hence to make SWM services financially sustainable and efficient, the project

is designed on cluster approach i.e. one common integrated waste processing and

disposal facility at Sagar Town (where waste generation is more and is located in the

middle).

All the participating towns (Makronia, Banda, Khurai, Rehli, Grahakota, Bina, Deori,

Rahatgarh, Shahgarh and Shahpur) are within a radius of 75 km of Sagar City and all

these towns are connected to Sagar through all-weather roads. Figure 1 shows the

location of ULBs along with approximate distances of each ULB from Sagar town.



Figure 1: Map showing proposed ULBs with distances from Sagar

2.4. Current Waste Generation

Sagar Municipal Corporation estimates that the current total waste geration

(considering Sagar Town and 10 surrounding ULBs together) to be about 180 TPD.

However, considering the population projection and the waste generation forecast, it is

proposed to establish the Integrated Waste Management Facility to handle about 350

TPD (Design Capacity). Table 2 presents the waste generation forecast from the project

area (as estimated by Sagar Municipal Corporation).



Table 2: Waste Generation Forecast from the Project Area Y

ear

ULB Wise Population and Waste Generation Forecast Total

Sagar and Surrounding Areas

Bina Khurai Rahatgarh Rehli Deori Garhakota Banda Shahpur Shahgarh Sagar and

10 Participating ULBs P

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2014 393,467 115 68,766 16 54,557 13 33,132 6 31,562 6 27,112 5 34,729 7 32,501 6 14,353 3 17,035 3 707,214 180

2015 400,271 118 70,240 17 55,758 13 33,681 6 31,985 6 27,624 5 35,424 7 33,045 6 14,589 3 17,288 3 719,905 184

2016 407,134 122 71,539 17 56,813 14 34,205 7 32,393 6 28,127 5 36,132 7 33,514 7 14,850 3 17,509 3 732,216 191

2017 414,055 125 72,862 18 57,889 14 34,738 7 32,807 7 28,638 6 36,855 7 33,991 7 15,116 3 17,734 4 744,685 198

2018 421,036 129 74,210 18 58,985 15 35,279 7 33,226 7 29,159 6 37,592 7 34,474 7 15,386 3 17,961 4 757,308 203

2019 428,075 133 75,583 19 60,101 15 35,829 7 33,651 7 29,690 6 38,344 8 34,964 7 15,661 3 18,191 4 770,089 209

2020 435,173 137 76,981 20 61,239 16 36,387 8 34,081 7 30,230 6 39,111 8 35,460 7 15,941 3 18,424 4 783,027 216

2021 442,330 141 78,405 20 62,398 16 36,953 8 34,516 7 30,780 6 39,893 8 35,964 8 16,226 3 18,661 4 796,126 221

2022 449,545 145 79,855 21 63,579 17 37,529 8 34,957 7 31,339 7 40,691 9 36,475 8 16,516 3 18,900 4 809,386 229

2023 456,820 149 81,332 22 64,783 17 38,113 8 35,404 8 31,910 7 41,504 9 36,994 8 16,811 4 19,142 4 822,813 236

2024 464,155 154 82,836 22 66,009 18 38,707 8 35,856 8 32,490 7 42,335 9 37,519 8 17,112 4 19,387 4 836,406 242

2025 471,548 158 84,369 23 67,259 18 39,310 9 36,315 8 33,081 7 43,181 9 38,053 8 17,418 4 19,636 4 850,170 248

2026 479,000 163 85,685 24 68,329 19 39,873 9 36,705 8 33,649 7 44,045 10 38,524 9 17,746 4 19,843 4 863,399 257

2027 486,512 168 87,022 24 69,416 20 40,444 9 37,099 8 34,226 8 44,926 10 39,002 9 18,081 4 20,053 5 876,781 265

2028 494,083 172 88,380

25 70,520 20 41,024 9 37,498 9 34,813 8 45,824 10 39,485 9 18,421 4 20,265 5 890,313 271

2029 501,714 177 89,759 26 71,642 21 41,612 10 37,901 9 35,411 8 46,741 11 39,974 9 18,769 4 20,479 5 904,002 280

2030 509,404 182 91,160 27 72,782 21 42,208 10 38,308 9 36,019 8 47,676 11 40,470 10 19,122 4 20,696 5 917,845 287

2031 517,153 188 92,582 28 73,940 22 42,813 10 38,720 9 36,637 9 48,629 11 40,971 10 19,483 5 20,914 5 931,842 297

2032 524,917 193 94,027 28 75,116 23 43,426 11 39,136 10 37,265 9 49,602 12 41,479 10 19,850 5 21,135 5 945,953 306

2033 532,739 198 95,494 29 76,311 23 44,049 11 39,557 10 37,905 9 50,594 12 41,993 10 20,224 5 21,359 5 960,225 312

2034 540,619 204 96,984 30 77,525 24 44,680 11 39,982 10 38,555 9 51,606 13 42,514 11 20,605 5 21,584 5 974,654 322

2035 548,559 210 98,948 31 78,759 25 45,320 11 40,412 10 39,217 10 52,638 13 43,040 11 20,994 5 21,812 6 989,699 332



2.5. Waste Characterization

Based on the physical composition analysis of waste, it has been found out that about

57% of the waste is biodegradable, 33% are recyclables with very low inert content of

only 10%. Such kind of waste has very good potential for recovery of recyclables.

Table 3: Physical Composition of Waste

Waste component % share

Food, vegetable& other organic waste

56.6

Textile 4.5

Paper, cardboard 6.6

Glass & Ceramic 18.7

Rubber & Leather 1.5

Wood 1.5

Stones & Bricks 7.5

Metal 0.3

Total 100

Table 4: Chemical Characterization of Waste

No. Item Unit Result

1 pH (5% solution) - 8.01

2 EC(5% solution) µSiemens/cm 1108

3 Total Waste Soluble mg/gm 3.4

4 Moisture content % 38.9

5 Total organic Carbon % 18.4

6 C/N Ratio (Dry) - 25.5

7 Calorific Value Kcal/kg 980

8 Total Phosphorus % 0.76

9 Total Potassium as K mg/gm 0.92

10 Total Nitrogen as N % 0.72

11 Arsenic as As2O3 mg/kg BDL

12 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg 2.3

13 Chromium as Cr mg/kg 16.4

14 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 8.6

15 Lead as Pb mg/kg 17.2

16 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 36.8

17 Copper as Cu mg/kg 91.6



2.6. Employment Generation Due to the Proposed Project

About 25 full time employees and 30 contractual employees will be employed for

project operation. About 200 indirect employment will be generated for

primary/secondary collection, transportation etc.

3. Project Description

3.1. Location of the Project and Project Boundary

The proposed Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility will be established in an

area of 14.38 hectares located in Sagar town (google map coordinates: 23° 55’ 38.28” N

78° 43’ 29.88” E). Figure 2 shows the ‘Project Location’, Figure 3 shows Topographical

Map of the Proposed Project (10 km radius) and Figure 4 shows the ‘Project Boundary’

on Google map. The proposed layout is presented in Figure 5 and the description of

various components of the layout is presented in the following sections.



Figure 2: Location/Satellite View of the Proposed Site



Figure 3: Topographical Map (10 km radius) of the Proposed Site



Proposed

Project location

Figure 4: Project Boundary on Google Map



Figure 5: Proposed Layout



3.2. Alternative Sites Considered and the Basis for Selection of the Proposed Site

No alternative sites were considered for development of the Integrated MSW facility.

Table-5 below shows the brief of the location analysis of the site.

Table 5: Location Analysis for the Proposed Site

S.no Parameter Criteria Observation

1. Lake or pond (Distance from SW body)

Should not be within 200 m

There are no lake or pond within 200m of project boundary

2. River


There is no river within 100m from the project boundary

3. Flood plain Should not be within 100 year flood plain

Not in the flood plain area

4. High way – State or National


National Highway Srinagar to Kanyakumari is 600 m South from project site boundary

5. Habitation – Notified habituated area


Maswasi Grant is located about 1 km North from project site boundary. Gadapahra Raiyatwari located about 1.2 km South-east from project site boundary.

6. Public Parks Should not be within 200 m

There are no public parks within 200m

7. Critical habitat area – area in which one or more endangered species live

Not suitable Not in critical habitat area

8. Reserved Forest area

Not suitable Ranipura Reserved Forest located at 1 km North-west from project site boundary

9. Wet lands Not suitable Nill

10. Air Port or Airbase

Should not be within 20 km

Nill

11. Water supply No Water supply well within 200 m

Nill

12. Coastal Regulation Area

Not suitable Nill

13. Ground Water Table level

GW table should be >2m from the base of the landfill

Water level, BGL is more than 5m

14. Sensitive eco- Not suitable Nill



S.no Parameter Criteria Observation

fragile areas

15. Earthquake zone (Fault Line Zone)

500 m Geological Lineament (Fault Line) not observed 500m from project site boundary.

3.3. Size of the Facility

The current MSW waste generation from Sagar and surrounding ULBs is about 180 TPD.

Considering some factor of safety, the proposed Integrated MSW Processing and

Disposal Facility will be established to handle about 350 tons of MSW per day (350 TPD).

3.4. Selection of Technologies

Municipal Solid Waste is highly heterogeneous and diverse in shape, density, size, and

other physical and chemical parameters. Hence a simple or single method of screening

will not help in separation of constituents. Besides, the time lag between generation and

delivery will initiate decaying process leading to foul odor making it difficult to handle in

normal course. Hence multilevel and multistage separation will have to be adopted

using appropriate machinery.

Though MSW contains valuable constituents, the task of recovering the same is

complicated and complex. The envisaged recoverable are Bio-gas, compost from organic

fractions, Refuse Derived Fuel and recyclables like plastics, glasses, metals etc. The

Technology selected should facilitate maximum recovery of these resources effectively

and economically. Compost being the main resource, the process conditions should

ensure acceptable quality for the end product at affordable cost.

There are several MSW processing technologies, which are being followed in various

parts of the world. Besides source reduction, reuse and recycling, broad categories of

available technologies for processing MSW are mentioned below:

Thermal Processing Technologies, Biological Processing Technologies

Physical Processing Technologies



Waste Processing Technology/Group Waste Processing Technology

Thermal Processing Technologies Incineration (Massburn)

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis/Gasification

Plasma Arc Gasification

Biological Processing Technologies Aerobic Digestion (Composting)

Anaerobic Digestion (Biomethanation)

Landfillas Bioreactor (Bioreactor Landfill)

Physical Processing Technologies Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)

Densification/Pelletisation

Mechanical Separation

Size reduction

After evaluating the techno-commercial feasibility of each of the above technologies, it

is identified that the most suitable technologies for small tier two towns are Biological

processing and physical processing technologies due to high fraction of food waste in

the mixed garbage.

Any technology selection for MSW processing, most critical factors are quantities,

climatic conditions, waste characterization and also availability of resources. Based on

the waste characterization at Sagar, the processing technology proposed is of anaerobic

digestion, aerobic composting. Bio-gas, Compost and RDF are bye products.

3.5. Project Description with Process Details

Based on the waste characteristics, proposed process consists of dry fermentation

(Anaerobic digestion), Composting (Aerobic digestion), RDF and Material (Recyclables)

recovery facilities. The waste received to the facility will be taken at waste receiving

platform after its weightment and inspection process. At the waste receiving platform,

bulky / large articles like tyres, boulders etc. will be separated and the same will be sent

for further process and the rejects / inert material will be sent for disposal into sanitary

landfill.

From there the waste will be mechanically segregated using a Trommel / Screens with

screen hole size of 100 mm into organic fraction (<100 mm in size) and RDF (>100 mm in

size). The organic fraction of waste will be processed through dry fermentation process

to recover bio-gas followed by aerobic composting process in the windrow platform.



Upon completion of these anaerobic and aerobic decomposition processes the waste

will be routed for coarse segregation / primary screening and segregated into

components by size, manual separation of waste components, and separation of ferrous

and non-ferrous metals. The segregated materials will be sent for further processing.

The final products from the proposed processing plants will be Bio-gas, Compost,

Recyclables and RDF. The quantity of the final products resulting from processing facility

may vary depending on the characteristics of incoming waste. The quantity of inert /

process rejects sent to landfill will be restricted to less than 20%.

The process flow diagram is shown in Figure 6.



Figure 6: Process Flow Diagram



3.6. Water Requirement and its Availability

The water requirement for operating the proposed Integrated MSW Processing and

Disposal Facility is about 10 KLPD. The water requirement during construction is

expected to be about 25 KLPD. It is expected that Sagar Municipal Corporation would

supply water to this facility. Otherwise, water requirement would be met through

tankers.

3.7. Energy and Power Requirement and its Source

The energy requirement for operating the proposed Integrated MSW Processing and

Disposal Facility is about 0.5 MW. The electricity requirement will be fulfilled by

MPTRANSCO. Sufficient capacity DG Sets (750 KVA) are proposed for power backup.

3.8. Leachate Management

Leachate will be generated from the MSW in the decomposition (Anaerobic and Aerobic)

process and from Landfill. The proper management of leachate is essential in waste

management as the untreated leachate discharges will lead to water and as well as soil

contamination. The proper management of leachate requires managing the collection

process from the generation source, storage and treatment before its disposal.

In the proposed integrated facility the leachate will be managed by proper collection,

storage and treatment. At the generation points proper drainage / collection network

will be provided to prevent contamination due to overflows. Also the collection system

will be provided with intermediate storage tanks based on the generation quantity.

From there the leachate will be routed to storage tanks before its treatment.

The options to be considered for leachate management are;

• Discharge to Lined Drains: This option is usually not feasible. It can only be adopted if

the leachate quality is shown to satisfy all waste water discharge standards for lined

drains, consistently for a period of several years.

• Re-circulation: One of the methods for treatment of leachate is to re-circulate it

through to the windrows or landfill. This has two beneficial effects: (i) the process of

landfill stabilization is accelerated and (ii) the constituents of the leachate are

attenuated by the biological, chemical and physical changes occurring with the landfill.



Re-circulation of leachate requires the design of a distribution system to ensure that the

leachate passes uniformly throughout the entire waste. Since gas generation is faster in

such a process, the landfill should be equipped with a well-designed gas removal system.

• Evaporation of Leachate: One of the techniques used to manage leachate is to spray it

in lined leachate ponds and allow the leachate to evaporate. Such ponds have to be

covered with geo-membrane during the high rainfall periods. The leachate is exposed

during the summer months to allow evaporation. Odour control has to be exercised at

such ponds. As a standby, this proposal envisages construction of leachate evaporation

ponds as a buffer.

• Treatment of Leachate: Leachate treatment requirements depend on the final disposal

of the leachate. Since the plant is designed with a closed windrow, and best practices

are followed during landfill operation, minimum qty of leachate will be generated which

either will be circulated to landfill, sprayed on landfill for dust control, use to keep the

windrows moist. Any excess leachate that accumulates after following the before

mentioned steps will be evaporated by excess heat from the bio-gas plant operations

with proper air pollution control measures.

4. Site Analysis

4.1. Connectivity

The proposed site is well connected. The site is located 0.6 km from AH – 43. All the

participating towns (Makronia, Banda, Khurai, Rehli, Grahakota, Bina, Deori, Rahatgarh,

Shahgarh and Shahpur) are within a radius of 75 km of Sagar City and all these towns are

connected to Sagar through all-weather roads. Nearest Railway station is Saugor Railway

station located in 8 km South East direction from site.

4.2. Land Form, Land Use, and Land Ownership

Currently the land is owned by Sagar Municipal Corporation and it will be continued to

be owned by Sagar Municipal Corporation.

4.3. Existing Infrastructure

Local road network is available for transporting the MSW



4.4. Soil Classification

Sagar District is abound of Deep and Medium Black Soils. Soil distribution in Sagar

district presented in Figure 7 below.

Figure 7: Soil Map (Spatial) of Sagar District

Source: NBSS & LUP, Nagpur

4.5. Climatic Data from Secondary Sources

Sagar has a borderline humid subtropical climate and tropical savana climate with hot

summers, a somewhat cooler monsoon season and cool winters. Heavy rain falls in the

monsoon season in the month of July and August.

Sagar experiences maximum precipitation (64% of the total annual) in the month of July

and August with 16.5 mm and 19.7 mm rainy days whereas March and April experience

least. Summers lasts from March to June whereas December and January are coldest

months.

Figure 8 presents ‘Average Temperature Graph’ for Sagar based on readings from Year

2000 to 2012. Figure 9 presents ‘Average Rainfall’ for Sagar based on readings from Year

2000 to 2012.



Figure 8: Average Temperature (oC) Graph for Sagar

Figure 9: Average Rainfall (mm Graph for Sagar)

4.6. Social Infrastructure Available

All infrastructure facilities such as education, health facilities and other social facilities

are adequate at district headquarter as well as in surrounding villages and habitations.

4.7. Eco sensitivity

There are no wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks within 10 km radius of the project

site. Few Reserved forest and Protected Forest identified in 15 km radius of the project

site. Sensitive map is shown in Figure 10.



Figure 10: Sensitivity Map 15 km radius



5. Planning Brief

5.1. Layout Planning

The layout of the facility is designed to have maximum logistical economy, ease of

operation and maximum landfill capacity. The capacities of equipment’s are well

balanced to have maximum plant utilization factor. Automation is planned wherever

possible and feasible to restrict human intervention and to ensure trouble free high

volume operation for long hours. Land usage is also optimized.

5.2. Population Projection

Projection of population was carried out for Sagar and the 10 other participating ULBs.

The details of population projection are presented in Table – 6 below.

Table 6: Population Projections of ULB’s

Name of the

ULB

Year

2011 2021 2031 2035

Sagar 274556 321446 370075 390338

Makronia 61821 85003 116879 160709

Bina 64529 78405 92582 98498

Khurai 51108 62398 73940 78759

Rahatgarh 31537 36953 42813 45320

Rehli 30329 34516 38720 40412

Deori 25632 30780 36637 39217

Grahakota 32726 39893 48629 52638

Banda 30923 35964 40971 43040

Shahpur 13668 16226 19483 20994

Shahgarh 16300 18661 20914 21812

Total 633129 760245 901643 991737

5.3. Amenities/Facilities

All the necessary facilities such as access roads, internal roads (paved and unpaved,

depending on the necessity), parking area, green belt, transformer yard, washrooms,

security rooms, administration building, stores etc. are planned in addition to all the

infrastructure related to Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility (example:

Composting Plant, RDF Plant, MRF Plant, etc.)



5.4. Land Breakup Details

The land breakup details along with area statement are presented in Table 7. Individual

unit sizes (for example: compost plant, secured landfill etc.) are also specified in Table 5.

The same table also specifies the space allocated for green belt, parking, transformer

yard etc.

Table 7: Land Breakup Details/Area Statement

6. Proposed Infrastructure

6.1. Bio-gas by Dry Fermentation

The rich organic fraction of MSW received in the facility will be processed for Bio-gas by

Dry Fermentation. Controlled batch anaerobic digestion is the method proposed to be

adopted for optimum results. The biological cycles of controlled anaerobic digestion

extend up to 3 to 4 weeks.

6.2. Compost

The other organic fraction of MSW received in the facility will be processed for compost

generation through windrow/aerated bays process. Controlled aerobic composting is the

method proposed to be adopted for optimum results. The biological cycles of controlled



aerobic composting extend up to 4 to 8 weeks. It will be achieved in two stages. The first

stage is planned in the windrow yard for four to six weeks and second stage is planned

for another one / two weeks after primary screening. The final compost generation will

be generated after various levels of screening to segregate hard to degrade materials

like fibrous material, non-degradable, combustible fractions, recyclable materials, inerts

etc.

6.3. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Facility

The MSW mainly consists with wet and dry fractions. The majority wet fractions are the

compostable and the dry fractions are combustible, Recyclable and inert material. The

combustible materials will be segregated through screening after first stage

decomposition process of mixed waste. Based on the end user requirement the

segregated material will be shredded for further size reduction. The shredded material

will be screened to separate the inert matter.

6.4. Material (Recyclable) Recovery

A mixed waste stream consists with various types of recyclables materials like plastics,

metals, tyres etc. These recyclables will be extracted by use of mechanical manual

sorting techniques. The bulky material like tyres etc. will be separated upon receipt of

material at waste receiving platform. The material will be passed through over band

magnetic separator placed over the conveyer to recover the metal content. There will

typically be a significant element of hand-sorting of materials also.

6.5. Animal Carcass Incineration

Disposal of dead livestock has long been a challenge for livestock producers. As

rendering costs rise and risk for liability increases - incineration has become a cost

effective solution to this long existent problem. In the proposed methodology controlled

incineration methodology will be used to incinerate the animal carcass. The flue gasses

will be treated before sending into atmosphere as per the norms provided by central

and state bodies. The generated ash will be carted to landfill for disposal. The dead

animal will be picked up and transported in a separate vehicle and will be brought to the

facility and directly sent to the animal carcass incinerator. The process rejects / inerts

from the compost process, RDF process and other processes will be carted to the

Sanitary Landfill. The sanitary landfill will be designed constructed and operated as per

the norms prescribed in MSW Rules 2000 and subsequent amendments.



6.6. Leachate Management & Treatment

Leachate is generated through composting process and from the sanitary landfill

operations. This will be managed by providing drain network to pass into leachate

collection tanks and will be avoided to flow on to soil surfaces to protect contamination

of surface / storm water and ground water and would be treated appropriately.

7. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan

No Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) is required to establish the proposed facility.

8. Project Schedule and Cost Estimates

It is estimated that it will take up to 15 months for execution of the proposed project

(Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility) with all the facilities proposed. Operations

will continue for a minimum of about 17.5 years at this facility. The approximate cost estimate

for the proposed facility is about INR 49.5 Crores.

9. Benefits of the Proposed Project (Final Recommendation)

The proposed Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal facility brings in a lot of financial and

social benefits. Especially this project will be very beneficial for the local people. From so

many years, the MSW generated in Sagar and all the participating towns (Makronia, Banda,

Khurai, Rehli, Grahakota, Bina, Deori, Rahatgarh, Shahgarh and Shahpur) is being disposed of

improperly. Indiscriminate and open burning of wastes results in air pollution. Indiscriminate

dumping of waste and leachate from waste dumpsites, and contaminated lands leads to land

pollution, surface water contamination, and ground water contamination. Also, a significant

delay between waste generation and final disposal results in odour nuisance, environmental

degradation, fly and rodent infestation etc.

It is highly necessary to establish an Integrated MSW Management Facility with provisions

such as recovery of organics (Composting), recovery of recyclables (Materials Recovery

Facility, MRF), recovery of high calorific value waste (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF), and disposal

of inerts (Secured Landfill). With establishment of this facility, it is expected that environment

(especially groundwater) will be protected in addition to improvement in general public

health.

development of an integrated msw processing and...

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