Development of Philippine

Nationalism

CAUSES OF

FILIPINO REVOLTS

The Desire to regain our lost Freedom

• The Spanish Abuses/Oppression

The loss of Filipino Lands.

Two reasons why the revolts against the Spain failed:

Absence of Nationalism.

Lack of National Leaders.

Nationalism

Love of Country.People of the nation become united and work together for common aims.

Devotion to one’s country or fighting for it’s independence.

In the 19th Century, Philippine Nationalism was born.

People of a Nation become united and work together for common aims.

They wanted to be independent of Spain.

Liberalism from Europe

Origins of 19th Century LiberalismThe word was first used when the term was

adopted by the Spanish political party, the Liberales, in 1812.

1868-1870- the revolt in Spain, which had deposed Isabella II, succeeded in establishing a Provisional Republic, which for about two years put liberalism in control.

General Carlos Maria de la Torre, a fierce liberal, brought liberalism in the Philippines and was appointed to be the Governor-General.

Factors that contributed to the birth of Philippine

Nationalism

Mexico

In 1821, Spain has lost their precious trade jewel in the Pacific, Mexico.

A revolution erupted and independence was declared.

The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) was the first and largest provider of resources for the Spanish Empire.

The Opening of Philippines to the World Trade in 1834

The Philippines was opened by Spain to the World Trade.

The Influx of liberal ideas from Europe

Liberal ideas contained in books and newspaper, shipped from Europe and America.

It also contained the thoughts of different political philosophers.

The Opening of Suez Canal

Built by Ferdinand De LessepsIt made the Philippines closer to the World

trade, communications, and travel. The Canal is 103 miles long, and connects the

Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

Secularization MovementTwo kinds of priests that served the

Catholic Church in the Philippines Regular Priest - • A priest that belongs to religious order• A priest living according to a ruleSecular Priest –• A priest that does not belong to any

religious order.• A priest who does not live according to any

rule of a religious order, society , or congregation of priests.

Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Gov-General Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutierrez replaced Gov. de la Torre in 1871 .

He discarded the liberal measures by restoring the “old order” of the Philippines.

January 20, 1872

About 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of Sergeant La Madrid, Mutinied and killed their Spanish Officers.

It was suppressed and La Madrid and 41 others were executed in Bagumbayan (present- Luneta) .

The Martyrdom of GOM-BUR-ZA

Father’s Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were accused of treason to Spain and tried in an unfair trial.

They were sentenced to death by Garrote on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan (Luneta)

The Filipino people deeply resented the unjust execution of GOM-BUR-ZA

Father’s Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora was acclaimed to be the true Martyr’s of their Fatherland.

The execution of GOMBURZA speed up the development of Philippine Nationalism.

The demanded reforms were:

1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law;

2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain;

3. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes (the Parliament);

4. Filipinazation of Parishes;5. Human Rights for Filipinos.

The Leading

Propagandists

Jose Rizal – Dimasalang & Laong Laan

Marcelo del Pilar – Plaridel

Mariano Ponce –Naning

Antonio Luna – Tagalog

Jose Maria Panganiban – Jomapa

• Graciano Lopez Jaena

In 1889, he established La Solidaridad in Barcelona, Spain.

He died of tuberculosis.

La Solidaridad

Organ of the Propaganda Movement

was established in February 15, 1889 – October 13, 1889

On December 1889, M.H del Pilar became the editor of La Solidaridad

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda

Jose P. Rizal The most

outstanding among the propagandists.

Rizal was shot by firing squad at Bagumbayan (Luneta) on Dec. 30, 1896.

Rizal was the greatest writer of the propaganda movement.

Noli me TangereEl Filibusterismo

La Liga Filipina

In 1892, Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and proposed the establishment of an organization called “La Liga Filipina.”

On July 3, 1892, the following were elected as its officers:

Ambrosio Salvador as president: Agustin dela Rosa, fiscal; Bonifacio

Arevalo, as treasurer; and Deodato Arellano, as secretary. Rizal as its adviser.

“La Liga Filipina” aimed to:1. Unite the whole country2. Fight Violence and Injustice3. Support Education, and implement

reforms “La Liga Filipina” had no intention of

rising up in arms against the Spanish Government, but the Spanish Officials still felt threatened.

On July 6, 1892, Jose Rizal was arrested and was deported to Dapitan, where he would stay until 1896, shortly before the outbreak of the revolution

With the failure of the Propaganda Movement, the Filipinos gave up the last hope to peaceful means.

Andres Bonifacio, led the Filipinos to a new phase of Social and Political awareness marked by the founding of KATIPUNAN