developmental psychology = 7- 9% of ap exam. development includes the processes and stages of growth...
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Developmental Psychology = 7-9% of AP Exam
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Development includes the processes and stages of growth from conception across the lifespan. Includes changes in physical, cognitive, moral and social behaviors.
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Pre-Natal Development
• Germinal Stage = 1-2 wks (Zygote)
• Embryonic Stage = 2 months Fetal Stage = remainder of pregnancy
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Risks During Pregnancy
-ILLNESSES
-RUBELLA
-TERATOGENS
-DRUGS
-ALCOHOL
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Video: The Biology of Prenatal DevelopmentTake notes as you view the video:
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Infancy
INFANCY
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Infancy--Physical Development
Growth rate declines but is faster than any other post-natal period
Neo-Natal Reflexes (until about 4 months) such as:
Babinski (big toe moves toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked)
Startle Reflex Grasping, Stepping, Rooting, Withdrawal
from pain
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Infancy - Cognitive Development
Preference for face-like patterns
6-12 mo = remember, recognize, & react
12 mo = reasoning & higher level cognitive functions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o-VplYrqBs
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Development of Knowledge Theory = Piaget
Building blocks of human dev = SCHEMAS Generalized mental
representationAssimilation = using
existing schemas & apply to new info
Accommodation = change schema (ex: butterfly flies, but is not a bird)
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Four Stages1. Sensorimotor birth – 2
yrs2. Preoperational 2-7 yrs3. Concrete Operational
7-11 yrs4. Formal Operational 11
into adulthood
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•Infant = learn about the world through senses and body movements
• 1 to 4 mo = Learn to combine two reflexes
• 4 to 8 mo = Improve hand-eye coordination
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8 to 12 months
• Intentional behavior
• Learn certain actions lead to certain results
• Imitates others
• Love playing Peek-A-Boo
• Learn Object Permanence
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12 to 18 mo =
• Trial and error: Ex= Push a cracker off a high chair and watch it fall to the floor. Then does it again
• Can find hidden objects
• Understands that objects exist independently
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18 to 24 mo= experiment mentally as well as physically• They think about what they
are going to do before they do it
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• Ages 2 to 7
•Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn
•Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
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I “eated” my apple
No, it’s ate
Then I “ated” my apple
Children learn mostly by language and mental images
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Everyone views the world like I do
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I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired!
He hurt my feelings so I hit him!
Use feeling to
solve problems
rather than logic
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•learning multiple classification–ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category•learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things
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•They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass.
•To them taller means more!
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My birthday is before Christmas
and after Halloween
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•Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe
http://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think?language=en#