developmental victimology: uniting to make the …...developmental victimology: uniting to make the...
TRANSCRIPT
Developmental Victimology:
Uniting to Make the Case to
End All Violence Against Children
David Finkelhor
Crimes against Children Research Center
University of New Hampshire
March 22 2018
Mt Sinai Hospital
NY
Children most exposed demographic group
Children experience ALL the same forms of
crime, violence and abuse that adults do
Assault, rape, property crime, war
PLUS
Victimizations specific to childhood
Neglect, sexual abuse
Children More Victimized than Adults,
General Crime
Agg.
Assault
Simple
Assault
Rape Robbery
National Crime Victimization Survey, 2000
0
1
2
3
4
You
th R
isk
- A
du
lt R
isk
(12-1
7)
2.0 x
2.9 x
2.3 x
1.9 x
Youth More Victimized
Children More Victimized than Adults,
Family Violence
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.3 x
3.1 x
Any Violence Severe Violence
National Family Violence Survey, 1975
Child
Ris
k -
Adult R
isk
(0-1
8)
Why are Children So Victimized?
Small, inexperienced, dependent, fewer conflict
resolution strategies
Weak protective norms and sanctions
Lack of choice over associates
Juvenile Victimization Fragmentation
????:
(Juvenile Victimization)
Underage
Drinking
Truants Runaways
Vagrancy
Violent
Assaulters
Property
Offenders
Sexual
Assaulters
Ungover-
nable
Drug
Abusers
Field: Juvenile Delinquency
Perils of Fragmentation
Underestimates true scope of victimization
Obscures interconnections
Fails to identify most victimized children
Unnecessary competition for scare resources
Reduces policy influence
Reinforces arbitrary distinctions
Ignores children’s own perspective
Bullying and Maltreatment: effect on adverse outcomes
at age 23-24
Price-Robertson, R., Higgins, D. J., & Vassallo, S. (2013). Multi-type maltreatment and ploy-victimisation: A Comparison of two research frameworks. Family Matters, 93, 84-98.
Finkelhor, D. (2008). Childhood victimization: Violence,
crime, and abuse in the lives of young people. Oxford
University Press.
Major Types
Family
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Neglect
Peers
Bullying & peer assault
Dating violence & Rape
Gang violence
Property crime
Community
Armed conflict
Commercial sex exploitation
Hate crime
Developmental Victimology
Developmental changes in risk
Developmental factors in impact
Developmental Aspects of Violence Risk
0 18 Age
Gender
Differences
Family
Weapon
Lethality
Stranger/
Acquaintance
Major Areas of Identified
Developmental Impact
Younger Older
Attachment
Emotional Regulation
Cognitive Development
Memory Storage & Processing
Social Withdrawal
Inhibition of Aggression
Moral Development
Friendship Formation & Acceptance
Attributional Biases
Academic Performance
Self-Esteem
Pessimism
Social Competence
Antisocial Behavior
JVQ Logo
Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S. L., Ormrod, R., & Turner, H.
(2005). The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability,
validity, and national norms. Child abuse & neglect, 29(4),
383-412.
Victimization in Last Year (2014)
US National (Children 0-17, N=4549)
61
46
6 10
25 25
NATSCEV PY weighted
ANOVA includes sex, age, race/ethnicity, family structure and SES.
Poly-victims
“Poly-Victims” – Most affected 10% of children
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A.
(2007). Polyvictimization and trauma in a national
longitudinal cohort. Development and
psychopathology, 19(1), 149-166.
“Poly Victim” – much more impact than single type victimization
Peer-Sib Victims
Sexual Victims
Maltreatment Victims Property Victims
Witness Community Viol Victims
Witness Family Viol Victims
Other Key Developmental Findings
Peer victimization more frequent than
adult/caregiver victimization
Peer victimization just as impactful as
adult/caregiver victimization
Emotional/psychological abuse (by both peers and
caregivers) very high impact
Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2013). Improving the adverse
childhood experiences study scale. JAMA pediatrics, 167(1), 70-75.
World Health Organization and Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children
“PeSeLaw”
PE – Parent Education
SE – School Environment
Law - Law enforcement training and support
Key Targets
Parent education
Non-violent, attachment-promoting child management
Programs that engage, adapted to parent schedule and
learning style
Engaging men
School environment
Law enforcement
Key Targets
Parent education
School environment
Bullying prevention, conflict resolution, prosocial
climate
Comprehensive curriculum
Complements, integrates other learning objectives
Law enforcement
Key Targets
Parent education
School environment
Law enforcement training and support
Commitment to child safety priorities
Child friendly, child sensitive response system
Collaborates with other professions
Integrates women
Physical and Sexual Abuse Have Been Declining
Murders of Juveniles Have Been Declining
Overall Serious Violent Offending
By Juveniles Is Declining
- 60% 1992-2011
Rape by Juveniles
- 72% 1992-2011
School Violence Has Been Declining
Intimate Partner Violence Has Been Declining
1
4
7
10
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2007 2009
Source: National Crime Victimization Survey Data.
IPV-NCVS
68% decline
1993-2010
Conclusion
Mobilization is growing
Evidence-based programs exist
Trends show improvement
Expanded participation, particularly schools and
primary care
More evidence –based programs
Comprehensive, using technology, well-disseminated
For more information contact:
David Finkelhor
http://www.unh.edu/ccrc