developmentonanorganizationalprocessinharmonywiththeenvironment,weresuccessful · 2011. 9. 19. ·...

The Yumbos, a people whose culture flourished for more than eight centuries by basing theirdevelopment on an organizational process in harmony with the environment, were successfulfarmers and traders and experts in the use of medicinal plants. They developed an extensivenetwork of culuncos, or trails, that played an important role in the region. Traces of theYumbos become more evident in the 1200s, including those found in Tulipe and Intag. TheYumbos have left engravings in rock of their veneration for water with symbols alluding tothe cosmos as the source of life, including – among other petroglyphs – the spiral.

4 ENERGIA HIDROINTAG - COTACACHI

HydroelectricGeneration System

in the IntagRiver Basin for the

Conservation of WaterSources and for Local

Development

SEPTEMBER 2009

COTACACHI / IMBABURA

ENERGIA HIDROINTAG - COTACACHI 5

Acknowledgements:Toisán Consorcio (Women’s Coordinating Committee of Intag, Defensa and Conservationof Intag, Río Intag Artesanal Coffee Growers’ Association, Greater Valley Workshops), theParish Councils of Peñaherrera, Cuellaje, Selva Alegre, García Moreno, Plaza Gutiérrez andVacas Galindo, the autonomous local government of Cotacachi County, the Assembly ofCounty Unity of Cotacachi, CubaSolar, CCAS (social action committee of EDF, the Frenchelectric company), the French-Ecuadorian Technical Mission, the NGO Energy withoutBorders, the French Embassy in Ecuador, the Prodeci-Aid in Action Foundation, Xarxa deConsum Solidari, Sodepaz, Emelnorte, the IRD engineers, the Central University ofEcuador (School of Business Administration), the Cotacachi-Cayapas Reservemanagement committee-Cuellaje District.

COTACACHI-september 2009Copyright HIDROINTAG CEM – Apuela Office, García Moreno Street – COTACACHITelephone: (06)2 648 720, E-mail: [email protected]


Table of Contents

PresentationLetter from the founders of HidroIntag

Background information

• Environmental context• Socio-organizational context• Legal framework• Territorial planning

General description of the System• Range of the project• Selection criteria• Macroeconomic impacts• Social investment of benefits

Hydroelectric plants inventory• Chalguayaco• Nangulví• Pamplona• San Miguel• Toabunchi• San Andrés• San Joaquín• Intag

List of maps, charts and diagrams

Intag-Cotacachi Jurisdiction MapChart: Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological ReserveList of organizations with environmental activitiesGraph: Carbon stored in Intag’s forestsChart: Value of natural capitalMap: Intag’s environmental contextGraph: Integration of capital of the HidroIntag CEMMap: Toisán protected areaList of hydric reservesChart: Synergies with national initiativesTotal estimated cost of the SystemSummary of technical characteristics of the power plantsMap: Hydroelectric plantsSuture energy savings for the stateChart: HidroIntag’s Generation potentialChart: Taxes over 25 yearsChart: Reduction of Co2 emissionsGraph: Ethnic profile of population benefittingValues invested in human and local developmentChart: Jobs created, by place of origin, age, sexList and types of jobs createdList of skilled jobs for the access programPromotion of Job creation by category

78

11

12151718

2121242630

33343842464953566064

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1213131414151617181922232325262627272828282966


Sede Consorcio Toisán

LOCAL ACTORSINVOLVED

IN HIDROINTAG


Cotacachi County boundar

County seat

Parish seat

Parish boundaries

Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve

Consorcio Toisán headquarters

PresentationThe HIDROINTAG System for hydroelectric generation is a jointinitiative of organized civil society and the local governmentsof the Intag River basin: Rural Parish Councils, CountyGovernment and social organizations affiliated with the ToisánConsortium.

Project planning began in 2007 as a part of the local strategyto promote a sustainable development model, the result of a12-year process of organizing and democratic participationthat won for Cotacachi County the “City of Peace” prize(UNESCO-2002).

The project’s purpose is to use in a sustainable fashion thehydric resources of the Intag River basin to generate and sellenergy to the national grid.

The projects entails running 9 hydroelectric power plants, for atotal of 100Mw of energy, on rivers in 7 rural parishes, meetingoptimum criteria for economic, social and environmentalbenefits.

The HidroIntag System was conceived as an initiative of publicsector and the community as the legitimate manager of water,compatible with the spirit of the Republic of Ecuador’s newConstitution.

Thus, the project will contribute to the conservation of morethan 440 km2 of native forests which are the source of multiplessprings, rivers, and streams in the buffer zone of the Cotacachi-Cayapas Reserve, which is part of the Chocó-Tropical AndesBioregion, one of the most biodiverse areas on the planet.

The project will create integrated environmental management

of watershed and promote a non-extractivist local economy,compatible with the values contained in the CountyEnvironmental Plan and the strategic guidelines of ImbaburaProvince.

As local governments and community organizations own theproject, all benefits from the sale of energy will be invested inregional development, for the well-being of our population.

The System detailed below has been developed with thetechnical assistance of CUBASOLAR (a Cuban institutiondedicated to renewable energy), French aid (NGO Energie SansFrontières, CCAS – the social action committee of EDF, the stateelectric company, and engineers with vast experience inpreparing studies, building and operating power plants in anumber of countries) and of a collective of Ecuadorianprofessionals, some of whom worked for INECEL, the stateelectric entity.


Letter from the Municipality ofCotacachi – an autonomous local

government

<<>>


Letter from the ToisánConsortium and the Association

of Rural Parish Councils ofIntag

<<“Nature doesn’t belong to us.

We have it on loan from our children.”

The on-going exercise of participatory democracy hasmade it possible for local governments, together with

organized civil society, to undertake this greatchallenge. And we do so with enthusiasm and muchresponsibility. The organizations that made up the

Toisán Consortium are contributing their significantexperience in participation, development and

conservation, value added that has been forged throughyears Intag’s communities have worked together.

The HidroIntag System, in addition to being a

concrete response to the development aspiration of theregion and the energy needs of the country, is above allthe coming together and starting point of a territorialmanagement process that, together with the energetic

defense of the environment, promotes a new anddifferent development model.

This model, that we are building together, from below,at a human scale, with the power of nature and thecreativity of the people, has had significant results:community conservation of 44,000 hectares of cloud

forest and 37 water reserves, the production and exportof organic café, ecotourism, agroindustry, reforestationand the protection of watershed and water sources, aswell the membership of more than 2,500 farm familiesin 25 local organizations. This is an adequate context

for the safe use of the rarest natural resource, water, abasic human right.

Our support for community hydroelectric powergeneration once again demonstrates that alternatives areconstructed, not imposed, and in this way the conditionsof life in Intag and Cotacachi will be those we all hope

to create.

>>ENERGIA HIDROINTAG - COTACACHI 11

HYDROELECTRICGENERATION SYSTEM

IN THE INTAGRIVER BASIN FOR THE

CONSERVATION OF WATERSOURCES AND FOR LOCAL

DEVELOPMENT

BackgroundInformation


Environmental contestECO REGIONIntag, a very strategic river basinfor Ecuador and the rest of the world

Ecuador is one of the countriesknownfor itsmegadiversityduetoitsextraordinary biological and culturaldiversity, a result of the range ofaltitude in the Andes range, itsgeographic location on the equatorand the influence of marine currentson the coast.

The Intag River watershed is part ofone of the county’smost important areas in terms of biological wealth.It consists of 2 Priority Terrestrial Ecoregions (ETP)*1, known as theTumbes-Chocó-Magdalena,ontheonehand,andtheTropicalAndesontheother.

This is an extraordinary remnant of humid forests with a high level ofprecipitation, extending from eastern Panama to the coast of ManabíProvinceinEcuador,andincludingcountry’snorthwesternarea, includingtheCotacachi-CayapasReserveand thenative forestsof itsbuffer zone.

*1PRE,orHotspots, are those regions that containat least 1,500 species (more than0.5%of the world total) of endemic vascular plants (ferns and plants that reproduce throughseeds) andhave at least 30%of their original vegetation.*2ODM-Ecuador 2007, preparedbyCISMIL, FLACSOandSENPLADES.

This Bioregion is a unparalleled mosaic of animal, plant and marinespecies, saidbysomescientists tobethe lastSouthAmericanrain forestto thewest of theAndes: 160ofthe290mammalspecies inthe region have beenrecorded in the Ecuadorianportion, as have 11,000 plantspecies, of which 25% areendemic (that is, native to thisnatural region), more than900 bird species, of which 77areuniqueintheworld.A largpartof theseendemicspeciesare among the most threatened on the planet, or are nearly extinct,includingtheLeopardus tigrinus,Coenduquichua, “pacarana”Dinomysbranickii and the four primate species found in this part of the Chocó,especiallythecoastalspidermonkey (Atelesfusciceps), thoughttobethemost threatenedprimate inEcuadorandoneof themost threatened intheworld.

Unfortunately, the bisques of the Ecuadorian Chocó and the TropicalAndes are being destroyed at a high rate, expelling huge quantities ofcarbon in the atmosphere and putting at risk water sources and nativespecies of flora and fauna. In the II National Report of DevelopmentObjective for the Milennium*2, the 7th objective, on guaranteeingenvironmental sustainability, it is estimated that to maintain allrepresentative biodiversity and guarantee the viability and integrity ofecosystems, we need to protect 32% of the area (82,516 Km2) andcurrently theNorthern Sierra region has not achieved even 50%of thisgoal.

The Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve is one of 36 naturalareas within the National System of Protected Areas (NSPA),managed by the Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador (MEE).The CCER covers 243,638 hectares (2,436 km2) in the provincesof Esmeraldas and Imbabura, with a range of altitudes between38 and 4,939 masl.The human populations living in the buffer zone include:Chachi, Épera and Afro-Ecuadorian ethnic groups (in the lowerarea), Andean Kichwas and Awa (in the upper area), and settlersfrom a number of Ecuadorian provinces.The CCER includes 11 Life Zones (from the humid tropicalforest to the subalpine rain forest), the largest number in anyof the country’s protected areas, where 139 mammal specieslive (36.9% of the national total), and 124 species of amphibiansand 111 reptiles species have been identified, with a surprisingnumber of endemic species (38% for amphibians, 28% forreptiles). In like manner, scientists have listed 2,107 vascularplant species belonging to 709 genera of native plants (33.6%of the national total), 201 plant species from the Orchidaceae,149 from the Melastomataceae and 147 from the Araceaefamilies.Major threats: Expansion of logging activities, the agriculturefrontier, African palm plantations and metal mining.

The Cotacachi-Capayas Ecological Reserve (CCER)

Source:P

lande

manejo

RE

CC

/Resum

enejecutivo


Thus, initiatives that promote conservation and sustainabledevelopment in Intag are a priority.Mineral reserves in the Toisán range (copper, gold, etc.), coveted bytransnational companies, are another threat. The companies havehad to deal with resistance from residents throughout the lastdecade. Resistance to Canadian Ascendant Copper has receivedextensive coverage in the national media. As a result of MandateNo. 5, passed by the Constitutional Assembly at the endof 2008, allmetallic mineral concessions granted to mining companies in thecounty were returned to the state.

NATURAL CAPITALUnique in the northern Region,valued at more than 131 million dollars per year

The 44,000 hectares of native “cloud” forest in Intag begin at thefoot of the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and extend tothe Toisán, the Paso Alto and the Quinde ranges; these arepremontane, low montane, high montane, and rain forests, andhighlands.

These forests are home to a significant quantity of biomass. Anydestructive large-scale removal activity free carbon in theatmosphere causing considerable impacts to the region and theplanet.

Intag’s natural capital is valued atmore than 131million dollars peryear. If we also add plants from the lower stratum, the forest floor,epiphytes, parasites, as well as the value of the forest’sphysiochemical functions (direct and indirect use values, non-usevalues, optional values, near-optional values, existence and legacyvalues), the forest patrimony is invaluable, in economic terms. Source: Extrapolation from biological studies / Tipaz / Basic specific weight, 750Kg/m3

average (Methodology: International Association of Word Anatomist [IAWA]), value ofcrown50%ofwoodandroot30%, formfactor=0.6 (suggested for this typeof latifoliateforest of nearly cylindrical trees), conversion factor 0.45.


13.654.338

21.205.60025.000.00020.000.00015.000.00010.000.0005.000.000

VBiomass volume (m3) Carbon stores (MT)

Carbon stores in 44,000 hectares of cloud forest

ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY INTAG’S FOREST PATRIMONYGOOD or SERVICE DESCRIPTION VALUE (*) TOTAL VALUE

$/ha/year $/year

Commercial 673,94 29.653.399,78Regulation of GreenhouseGases (CarbonSequestration)Production of Raw Materialsand FoodNon CommercialClimate Regulation

Soil Formation and ErosionControl

Water Services

Nutrient Cycling and WasteTreatmentGenetic Resources

Recreation and CulturalActivitiesBiological Control and HabitatFormation

Regulaction of the chemical composition of the atmosphere toreduce climate change

Production of products including lumber, fish and fruit

Regulation of temperature, precipitation and other local andglobal climate processes

Processes of soil formation and retention, including flood andstorm control

Provision and retention of wáter, greater regulation ofhydrological currentsStorage and processing of nutrients, including the eliminationof undesirable nutrientsSource of unique biological materials and products

Opportunities for recreational activities; aesthetic, educationaland spiritual valueRegulation of populations, provisión of hábitat, pollinization services

190,00 8.360.000,00

483,94 21.293.399,78

2.316,50 101.926.043,35311,01 13.684.230,99

362,61 15.954.708,77

19,52 859.099,70

1.407,19 61.916.542,89

57,18 2.515.934,84

Value unknown

158,99 6.995.526,15

2.990,44 31.579.443,13ANNUAL TOTAL

Source

Costanza

etal.1997.Thevalue

ofthew

orldsecosystem

servicesand

naturalcapital.Nature

387,253-260/Valorreferencialpara

bosquesde

tipotropical

CONSERVATION RECORDInnovating public & community managmentof natural ressources

Twenty of the major reserves*3 making up this forest patrimonyare managed by communities, Parish Councils and/or socialorganizations, and some belong to private parties interested in

conservation.Some have Protected Foreststatus; these includeCambugán, Los Cedros,Chontal, La Florida, SiempreVerde, Siempre Vida, Pajasde Oro. At the end of 2008,to provide greater protectionfor these forests, the ToisánArea was created through a

municipal ordenance in the upper parts of García Moreno andPeñaherrera parishes.Organized civil society, together with local governments, havebeenworking formore than 10 years on the conservation of forestpatrimony, based on the participation of the local population inenvironmental management. An example is the work promotedby DECOIN (Defense and Conservation of Intag), the majorenvironmental movement, through numerous activities in theareas of education, promotion, lobbying, the defense of the rightsof people and nature, the strengthening of sustainable productiongroups and the creation of a network of 37 communityhydrological reserves, covering approximately 900 hectares, in thehands of and benefitting communities through providing waterfor human consumption.Below we provide examples of efforts by Intag’s environmental,productive and social organizations:• Reforestation and forestation with 30,000 trees representing 39

species (tura, alpaguayacán, yalomanes, guandera, etc.)• Agroforestry associated with coffee• Management plan for a number of community reserves (PasoAlto, Quinde, Chontal, Junín, etc.)

• Protected forest declaration for the Toisán Reserve, municipalordinance declaring Cotacachi an ecological county

• Promotion of integral parcels and gardens• Creation of groups of environmental outreachworkers and forestranger committees

• Environmental module for high school juniors and seniors• Creation of the district management committee for the CCERand participation in writing the 2008 management plan

• Ecological song, poem and art contest• Field trips and links with Latin American environmental defensenetworks

• Purchase of 37 forests for community hydrological reserves(human consumption)

• Paper for water concessions• Legal defense of community leaders• Multiple events on the state of the environment (Water Forum,annual Agro-Ecological Fair, protest marches, “The Ecuador WeWould Like toSee” Forum, forumsonminingand related laws, etc.)

• Anti-burning campaign through street theater• Creation of materials on the environment• Campaign in the communicationmedia and a radio programonnature

• Strengthening of the local Intag newspaper• Promotion of agricultural and livestock raising activities withgood practices that respect the habitat

• Growing, processing and distribution of coffee with organiccertification

• Recovery of ancestral knowledge (medicinal plants, traditionalculture)

*3 Map and list of reserves below.

DECOIN (Defense andConservation of Intag)AACRI (Río IntagAgroartesanal CoffeeGrowers’ Association)ACAI (Association ofAgro-Ecological Farmers of Intag)TOISÁNCONSORTIUM (social and sustainable development)Member groups of theWOMEN’S COORDINATING COMMITTEE OFINTAGCOMMUNITY COUNCIL of GarcíaMorenoFlor deMayo and other forest ranger groupsCotacachi-Cayapas Reserve Committee for the Cuellaje DistrictJUNÍN EcotourismGroupCTGV (Greater ValleyWorkshopCorporation)LOSCEDROS FoundationManduriacos TourismCommitteeYOUNGPEOPLE’S COORDINATINGCOMMITTEEOF INTAGRAINFOREST CONCERNNGOZOOBREVIVENPRODECI-AYUDA ENACCIÓNPRODERENA, ECOPAR, FBU, XCS, USAIDChalguayacoAlto Farming and Livestock AssociationAUCC (EnvironmentalManagement Council CGAMRN)

LISTOFORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED INENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONACTIVITIES


Socio-organizationalcontext

PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY:

In 1966, Cotacachi County began a process ofparticipatorydemocracy thatwaskeywhen it cametocreating the socio-organizational network that exists

today in Intag: the Assembly for County Unity, a space in which localgovernments and organized civil society come together, which hasbecome a point of reference nationally as regards the exercise ofdemocracy and the participatory creation of territorial developmentstrategies. Through committees representing various sectors (Health,Education, Environmental Management, Production, Tourism,Chindren), the four areas of the country (urban, Andean, Intag andManduriacor) have had influence in the creation of local policies;examples include the ordinance declaring Cotacachi an ecologicalcountry, passed in 2000; the participatory county budget; and thedecentralized health system.

ORGANIZATIONS AND ECONOMIC DIVERSITY:

In themid-1990s, the firstorganizationsdedicated to theconservationof the natural habitat, such as DECOIN (Defense and Conservation ofIntag)were founded.This coincidedwith risingawarenessof thesocialand environmental impact due to the presence of the Japanesetransnational Bishi-Metals, interested in exploring a copper deposit inJunín.Othercollective initiativescameintobeingtodevelopproduction

alternativeswithin thecontextofaneconomicandpolitical crisis at thenational level; these included AACRI (Río Intag Agroartesanal CoffeeGrowers’ Association) and CTGV (Greater Valley WorkshopCorporation).

Today there are some 43 groups and organizations dedicated tosustainabledevelopment in the IntagRiverbasin, addingvalue to localagricultural and livestock resources, and offering activities for tourists,based on principles of environmental conservation, gender equity,involvement of local talent and youth, participation and social justice,with the direct involvement of 1,000 families from Intag’s 7 parishes.

Skin care articles(sponges), itemsfor home andChristmas

decoration, slippers

Jams made fromfruits grown in

Intag (five flavors)and blackberry

pulp

Río Intag organiccoffee, green forexport or roasted,excellent in

organoleptic qualities

Cosmetics (soap,moisturizing cream,

slug cream,shampoo), mini-soaps for hotels

“La Peña” liqueursin fruit flavors, sixvarieties (275mland 750ml bottles)

Roasted, saltedpeanut snackscoated in brownsugar coated orsesame seed

Costume jewelry(necklaces,

bracelets, rings,pendants) andkeyrings

Trout and tilapiaready to prepare(fresh or frozen,whole or filets)

Export quality selectbeans in five varieties(red, black, alegre,bayo and bolón) and

maiz

Bags, hats, articlesfor the home, mats,complements for

furniture

Candles, essences,medicinal herbs

Fresh milk deliveredto Agso, Rey andNestle collectioncenters


Raw material: lufa, abacá, seeds Raw material: blackberry, guava, papaya Raw material: coffee

Raw material: aloe vera, papaya, herbs Raw material: cane liquor, fruit Raw material: peanuts, brown sugar, sesame

Raw material: vegetable ivory, seeds, palmetto fiber Raw material: trout, tilapia Raw material: beans, maiz

Raw material: sisal, leather, vegetable ivory Raw material: various medicinal herbs Raw material: milk

The chart below illustrates Intag’s most outstanding products.

WOMEN’S COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF INTAG (CMI)Founded in 2000 for the purpose of contributing togender equity (defense of women’s rights,consciousness raising campaigns, participation insocio-political decision-making spaces, etc) and toaccess for women to production activities. The CMI(Spanish acronym) includes 9 groups with a total of140 members who create and sell agricultural andcraft products through the networks of local stores,in the national market and in the United States,CanadaandSpain (cosmetics, crafts, textileproducts,products made of blackberry, medicinal herbs,

flours).

YOUTHCOORDINATINGCOMMITTEEOFINTAG:Made up of 10 groups with a total of 300 members, theorganization was founded in 2003. Members work inactivities aims at youth, especially in the area of tourism(rafting, tubing, rockclimbing, trekking). TheCommittee is in charge ofthe Nangulví Eco TourismComplex (mineral baths),owned by the County.

GREATER VALLEY WORKSHOP CORPORATION (CTGV):Dedicated to the development of an economy based on

solidarity in the Manduriacos Valley (thewestern portion of García Moreno parish),the CTGV was created in 1998 with theparticipation of leaders from 8communities. Currently, it works with 6small businesses: a lufa craft workshopunique in the world, the export of beans,objects made from natural fibers andvegetable ivory, processing of tilapia,sugar cane liquor, peanut snacks, HormigaVerde tourism. 120 families participate incraft, crop and livestock production,

exporting 75% of production to Europe through the FairTrade network.

DEFENSE AND CONSERVATION OF INTAG (DECOIN):Working for “productive, green Intag free of miningwhose residents work in solidarity,” DECOIN wasfounded in 1995. It has created 40 communityhydrological and forest reserves reserves coveringmore than 3,000 hectares. The organization alsosponsors environmental education, reforestationcampaigns (tree planting, tree nurseries), sustainabledevelopment (AACRI, community ecological tourism,fish farming), environmental studies (biodiversity,water, forests) and legal defense for communityleaders sued by transnational mining companies.

TOISÁN CONSORTIUM (CT):Created in 2005 by 4 organizations (CME, DECOIN, CTGV, AACRI) inorder to promote social and sustainable development with identity,free of mining, members work to strengthen production initiatives inIntag, lead the “consume our own products”campaign, works on joint sales andcooperation projects. Received the first prizein the Quito-based Andean Universitysustainable activities contest in 2008.

INTAG MILK:Amilk collection center created in 2004,with 66 members and another 150livestock raisers from 5 parishes whodeliver 20,000 liters of fresh milk perweek. The organizations is allied withAGSO, the Association of LivestockProducers of the Sierra.

ECOTOURISM NETWORK OF INTAG:Recognized by CODENPE, theNetwork is a member of FEPTCE(Plurinational CommunityTourism Federation of Ecuador).It is made up of 13organizations based in Intag’sparishes, dedicated toagricultural, adventure, ecological and medicinal (mineralbaths) tourism. The goal is to promote Intag as a provincial,national and international tourist destination.

RÍO INTAG AGROARTESANAL COFFEE GROWERSASSOCIATION (AACRI)

Founded in 1998, AACRI is made up of 420 small-scale farmers from 49communities dedicated to the production of one of Ecuador’s finest coffees,grown organically in associationwith endemic tree species. Currently 92 farms

have organic certification from BCS and 120 arein the process of certification. AACRI sells itsproduct according to the principles of fair trade(IFAT). The Association exports to Japan, Spain,Franceand theUnitedStates.Membersproduceup to 70 tons annually, with technical assistancefrom 8 professionals and 12 outreach workers.

AGROECOLOGICAL FARMERSASSOCIATION OF INTAG (ACAI)

Since 1995, themembersof ACAI have beenworking with farmers tointegrate practicesassociated with foodsovereignty, a healthyand safe diet, andappreciation for the ruralculture.Members include64 farm families.

CORPAIS:Some 25 beangrowers aremembers ofCORPAS, whichcollects and sells200 tons of beansper year, especiallythe red calimavariety. The

organization sellsits product to thegovernment’s “Let’sEat, Ecuador”program.


Legal frameworkHIDROINTAG CEM:

HIDROINTAG is a public-private company registered with theBusiness Superintendent’s Office; associates include Intag’s 6rural parish councils (Garacía Moreno, Peñaherrera, Seis deJulio Cuellaje, Vacas Galindo, Plaza Gutiérrez, Selva Alegreparishes), Cotacachi County Government, and the ToisánConsortium, made up of four of Intag’s major socialorganizations (Río Intag Agroartesanal Coffee Growers’Association, Conservation and Defense of Intag, Women’sCoordinating Committee of Intag, Greater Valley WorkshopCorporation): 51% of the company is controlled by publicentities and 49% by private community organizations, in accordwith constitutional norms that prioritize public and communitymanagement of water over all private projects.

CURRENT LEGISLATION:

Norms established by 2008 ConstitutionThe current Constitution includes obligatory principles andguarantees of utmost importance as regards natural resources,mitigation y preventive measures, especially in relations to theuse of water:

1. Art. 3, numeral 7 of the Constitution, affirms that amongthe duties of the State is the protection of the country’snatural and cultural patrimony.

2. Among the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, thesecond clause of Art. 10 states: Nature will be subject to

those rights recognized by the Constitution.

3. As regards the rights necessary to a good life, Art. 12states: The human right to water is fundamental andcannot be waived. Water constitutes the strategic nationalpatrimony for public use; it is inalienable, imprescriptible,cannot be seized or embargoed, and is essentialfor life.

4. The second clause of Art. 14, in reference to ahealthy environment, states: The preservationof the environment, the conservation ofecosystems, biodiversity and the integrity of the country’sgenetic patrimony, the prevention of harm to theenvironment and the recovery of degraded naturalspaces are declared of public interest.

5. The fifth chapter on strategic sectors, Art. 318, states:Water is a strategic national patrimony for public use, underthe state’s inalienable and imprescriptible domain, andconstitute a vital element for nature and for the existence ofhuman beings. Any form of privatization of water isprohibited.

Municipalityof

COTACACHI

7%

Social Organiza-tionsMembersof the TOISÁNCONSORTIUM

51 %Parish Councilof CUELLAJE

7%

7%

Parish Council ofGARCÍAMORENO

7%

Parish Council ofPLAZA

GUTIÉRREZ 7%

JParish Council ofVACASGALINDO

7%

ParishCouncil ofSELVAALEGRE

Junta ParroquialPEÑAHERRERA

7%


Legislation governing the nation’s electricity sector: TheLaw governing the electricity sector (1996), the substituteregulatory framework (1997) and the general regulatoryframework of the electricity sector (2006), the environmentalregulations for electricity-related activities (2001) and thereforms to the latter (2007).

Municipal ordinance (I) declaring Cotacachi an “ecologicalcounty” (2000 ordinance, substitute ordinance 2008), states inChapter I that “The Municipality of Cotacachi – LocalGovernment declares the conservation and sustainable

management of the soil, hydrological sources, hydrographicbasins, native forests and the biodiversity of the County to bea priority interest. The native forests of Cotacachi countyproduce goods and services that are fundamental for a widesector of society. Thus, they may not be felled or degraded togive way to industrial activities, such as forestry plantation,flower, palm, timber, mineral or similar activities…”

Municipal ordinance (II) that declares under municipalregulation the “Toisán Area,” the upper portions of GarcíaMoreno and Peñaherrera parishes.

Territorial planningNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1.1. Objective of the National Development Plan

The HidroIntag project contributes, above all, to objective No.04 of the National Development Plan (PND), which states:“Promote a healthy and sustainable environment andguarantee safe access to water, air and soil.”

It also contributes to objective No. 11, which states: “Establisha sustainable economic system characterized by solidarity.”

1.2 Policies of the National Development Plan

The HidroIntag project is related to policy No. 4.1. of the PND,which states: “Conserve biodiversity and use it in a sustainablemanner through the strengthening of territorial planning andof protected areas, the control and supervision of extractiveactivities and the development of initiatives for the alternativeand sustainable use of biodiversity.”

It is also related to policy No. 11.14., which states: “Develop asustainable electrical energy system based on the use ofavailable renewable energy sources, that guaranteeeconomical, reliable, and quality delivery.”

1.2. Goals of the National Development Plan

The project contributes to the following goals of the PND:• No. 4.4., which states: “Promote non-oil and non-large-scaleextractive activities.”

• No. 4.7, white states: “Guarantee the collective rights ofindigenous peoples and Afro-Ecuadorian communities(guarantee the participation of the population inenvironmental management).”

• No. 11.15., which states: “Promote local economicdevelopment.”

SECTORIAL CLASSIFICATION: According to national budgetary guidelines for 2009 (Senplades), the HidroIntag project pertains to sector no. 14 /Natural Resources and Energy, and corresponds to the most important intervention category, known as E / Environmental Protection.


TOISÁN RESERVE AREA

NATIONAL WATER PLAN

The National Secretariat for Water (SENAGUA), created in Mayof 2008, proposes a National Water Plan which puts “specialemphasis on the integral management of hydrologicalresources, based on participatory, community conservationand protection of water sources and sensitive areas, such ashighlands, forests and mountainsides…”

Unlike hydroelectric projects which take water to be a simpleresource, unconnected to its surroundings, the systemproposed by HidroIntag is based on a vision of thehydrographic basin (the basin of the Intag River and the micro-basin of each river associated with its respective community),in which the forest plays a primordial role in assuring theexistence of waters sources, together with an informed andempowered population.

PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

This project is in accord with the vision of the ProvincialGovernment of Imbabura, which states: “We are a provincecommitted to nature and to life, which maintains in asustainable fashion its micro-basins, and conserves itsecological reserves and protected forests.”

STRAGEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN OF THE COUNTY

Beginning in 1996, Cotacachi County hasimplemented a process of participatorydemocracy that has led to the creationof the Assembly of County Unity(AUCC), a space for genuine debate andthe construction of a local development

strategy. The AUCC’s intersectorial

committees include the Committee for the Management of theEnvironment and Natural Resources, perhaps the most solid,with broad participation by organized civil society from theurban, Andean and subtropical areas of the county. With theparticipation of more than 40 community actors (communities,the Union of Farms Organizations of Cotacachi, localgovernments, the Neighborhood Federation, AACRI, agro-ecological groups, CJAC, water councils, RECC, the Ministry ofthe Environment, NGOs, high schools, etc.), the CountyEnvironmental Plan was published in 2004.

The HidroIntag proposal is a response to one of the guidelinesin this document, which states: “Efforts will be made … tostrengthen and diversify sustainable initiatives for theprotection of water sources as well as environmentalmanagement of the county’s territory.”

SYNERGY WITH OTHER NATIONAL INITIATIVES:THE CASE OF HIDROEQUINOCCIO.

In mid-2008, the Provincial Government of Pichincha, CONELEC and the NationalGovernment decided to undertake one of the country’s largest energy-generation projects,the “Integrated Guayllabamba Hydroelectric System,” with more than 1,670Mw of installedpotential in 11 hydroelectric plants on the Guayallabamba River. The rivers in the Intagbasin, together with 5 tributaries of the Guayllabamba with their headwaters in Imbaburafrom the right bank supply the Guayllabamba with abundant clean wáter. Thus, theenvironmental conservation of Intag and the very role of HidroIntag in this respect isprimordial for the sustainability of this great project. Early conversations withHIDROEQUINOCCIO, the company undertaking the system, and HIDROINTAG have madeclear the possibility of joint work agreements and pacts related to a human developmentprogram, environmental conservation activities and even synergies in the technical field.

PRODERENA:Since 2007, the Program for theDecentralization of Natural ResourceManagement for Ecuador ’s northernregion has implemented 3 projects inIntag (community conservation of theQuindeand Cordillera de Toisán forestsand an agroforestry systems project inIntag), with the Parish Councils,PRODECI and other allies. Theseprojects contribute to thestrengthening of local actions focusedon the decentralization ofconservation and reservemanagement, as well as territorialmanagement capacity of organizationsand local governments.





DEVELOPMENT

GeneralDescription


Scope of the projectGeneral Objective:Contribute to the sustainable management of natural resourcesand the promotion of the economy in northern Ecuador.Specific Objectives:Promote the generation of renewable hydroelectric energy forsocial ends and the conservation of the native forest and itswater sources in the buffer zone of the Cotacachi-CayapasEcological Reserve.

Implementation Time-Span:Duration of the entire project: 8 years2009-2017

State of the Project:The project is in the stage dedicated to prefeasibility studiesand the definition of alliances for the financing of the plan for9 small and medium hydroelectric plants with a total capacityof 100Mw.

Estimated Cost:The project has an estimated cost of 175,291,151 US dollars forfull implementation.

This includes investment costs generated by the study andconstruction phase, as well as a line-item for small works tocontribute to the value of the plants (catwalk, aquatic games,museum, tourist paths,…), a special program for the training ofthe local population and a study of the integral developmentof Intag’s hydrographic basin, with regional allies (Cubasolar,CATIE).

Budget Summary:

Detailed Budget:

INVESTMENT BUDGET (detailed)

ITEM DESCRIPTION VALUE1 CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS 53,901,496.252 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 3,630,000.003 ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 11,187,500.004 GENERATION EQUIPMENT 55,353,150.005 TRANSMISSION LINE 11,385,000.006 ENVIRFONMENTAL MITIGATION 2,018,450.007 COMMUNITY APPRECIATION WORKS 300,000.00

TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS 137,775,596.25

8 STUDIES AND DESIGN 2,187,000.009 PERMITS AND LICENSES 675,000.0010 ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS 1,155,000.00

PREINVESTMENT COST 4,017,000.00

11 ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRATION 7,766,525.0012 INTEGRAL BASIN STUDY 482,000.0013 PROGRAM FOR LOCAL ACCESS TO SKILLED JOBS 890,550.0014 UNFORSEEN (4%) 5,998,229.8115 SALES TAX (IVA) 18,361,250.00

ENGINEERING, TRAINING, MANAGEMENT, IVA COSTS 33,498,554.81

TOTAL PROJECT COST 175,291,151.06

INVESTMENT BUDGET (Major Line Items)

TOTAL CONSTRUCCION COST 137,775,596.25PREINVESTMENT COST 4,017,000.00ENGINEERING, TRAINING, MANAGEMENT, SALES TAX COSTS 33,498,554.81

TOTAL COST OF PROJECT 175,291,151.06


Description of power plants:The HidroIntag System includes 9 power plants: 4 between 0and 5Mw, 4 between 6 and 10Mw and one med-size plant of60Mw, distributed throughout the Intag River basin in the 7parishes of the area.

Location:The coordinates of the area at a scale of 1:50,000 in which thevarious plants will be located are as follows:A / 0046.000 m N and 751.000 m EB / 0055.000 m N and 788.000 m EC / 0023.500 m N and 751.000 m ED / 0028.000 m N and 788.000 m E

Technical support team:March 2007: As a result of a cooperation agreement betweenthe Municipality of Cotacachi and the government of Cuba, atechnical mission from CUBASOLAR (Cuban institutionspecializing in renewable energy) confirmed the hydrological

potential of the county’s subtropical area, for the generationof clean electricity. Team members met with local authoritiesand actors to socialize interest locally managed micro-hydroelectric plants in the basin.

July 2007: A collective of Ecuadorian engineers joins the effort.Members of the group, headed by engineer Ricardo Buitrón,have extgensive experience in preparing studies and buildinghydroelectric plants in Ecuador. Some have worked asprofessionals with INECEL in the construction of Paute and instudies for small and medium power plants, such as theintegrated system on the Guayllabama River. They lead theprocess of optimization of the plants and the prefeasibilitystudy (hydroelectricity, civil engineering, environment,hydrology and geology).

October 2007: Through the French syndicate of electricalprofessions, a cooperative relationship begins with a group of6 engineers sponsored by the NGO Energy Without Borders,

with extensive experience in studies, building and theoperation of power plants with ties to EDF, the state electriccompany (one of a group of the E8 – the 8 largest energymultinationals in the world). The first inspection of Intag takesplace in mid-2008 under the supervision of engineer BriceWong (experience in preparing studies and the construction ofa number of hydroelectric plants in China, Africa and France,such as the Roselend dam). They participate as advisors in thepreparation of the HidroIntag System (hydroelectricity,geology, topography, financial plan, environment, hydrology).

Institutional contacts:HidroIntag has informed a number of institution about thescope of the Plan for Hydroelectric Generation in the IntagBasin, especially the Ministry of Electricity and RenewableEnergy, the National Electricity Council (CONELEC), theNational Water Secretariat (SENAGUA), the Ministry of Minesand Petroleum, the National Planning Secretariat (SENPLADES),EMELNORTE, the Provincial Government of Imbabura, theGovenor’s Office of Imbabura, HIDROEQUINOCCIO/ProvincialGovernment of Pichincha,CENACE, CORDELIM, the Central University of Ecuador (UCE).


Selection criteriaApplying the precautionary principle in cultural andenvironmental mattersWhen selecting the power plants that would be part of theHidroIntag System, the priority was those that would generatethe greatest environmental and social benefit. To this end:

• The precautionary principle was applied: since there was noway to guarantee completely that opening a tunnel wouldnot affect thermal waters, a plant was not proposed for that

site (Nangulví River);• The site of a plant waschanged in order to respectthe cultural relationbetween a community’sschool and the river (SanJoaquín);

• The generating potential ofa plant was reduced tomaintain the ecological flowbeyond the 10% requiredby the law (ToabunchiRiver).

Prioritizing harmony with existing tourist andagricultural activities

• The landscape interest of a waterfall (Balsapamba ravine) ora fast-flowing river (Magdalena River) was given priority overthe economic interest of a small hydroelectric plant in orderto avoid impacts on tourist activities at the river;

• The construction of plants was discarded in places where thererouting or reduction of a river’s flow represented a risk forthe sustainability of existing tourist installations (lodging,

restaurants, water sports such as rafting, tubing and fishing).Thus is was that the “Vacas Galindo” project, proposed by aprivate company for the Intag River, and considered unviable.The project would reroute the river in the very heart of atourism area, where the county’s Nangulví Ecotourism Complexis located, managed by the Young People’s CoordinatingCommittee. The complex offers thermal baths and is a well-known recreation area for many people from Imbabura.

Technology in the service of local job creation

In addition to the fact that the technical options selected givepreference to construction methodologies that combine theuse of light machinery and labor (channeling water in PRV –plastic reinforced fiberglass – 3 times lighter than steel tubing,short tunnes that can be opened with semi-automatic tools,jobs in direct administration, etc.), there will also be specialemphasis on providing the residents of Intag with jobsrequiring mid- and high-level skills, in positions such assupervision, construction professions, etc.



Elementos deimpacto social & ambiental Chalguayaco Nangulví Pamplona San Miguel Toabunchi San Andrés San Joaquín Intag

1How many landowners are directly affected by the project? What would be theconsequences for their current way of life?

[1] – 30% in cropland for one farm onbroken topography

[1-5] - [1-5] – reduction in cropland due to risingwáter level / dammed water

[6-10] - [6-10] - [1-5] - [6-10] - menoración de superficiede cultivo en lotes pequeños

[6-10] -

2

Lugares o actividades de turismo posiblemente afectados? (Ej.: cascada, piscinanatural, sendero, pesca, aguas termales, pesca deportiva…)

ninguno Existe una pequeña cascada algo visitadapor turistas cerca del puente en la víaNangulví-Peñaherrera, desaparecería,excepto en época de invierno.

ninguno ninguno No hay peces migratoriosconocidos, algo de pescadeportiva. El sector esconocido por su apuesta alturismo que es una prioridad.

Existe pesca por parte dehabitantes (zabaleta). Lacascada en la desemboca-dura del río Guayllabambaes inaccesible sin posibleprovechamiento turístico

Existe una pequeña cascada aunos pocos metros aguas arribadel puente, la cual desaparece-ría. El lugar del puente esusado para natación. Haypesca, trucha introducida

Poco transito enesta parte delrío, debido a en-cañonado. Si haypesca por partede comuneros

3

Usos del río aguas abajo y aguas arriba posiblemente afectados? (Ej. Ganado,riego, toma de agua potable, piscicultura, pesca de subsistencia

Ninguno, el tramo de río afectado estáencañonado y de difícil acceso. No haypeces debido a salto de agua alto queimpide remontar el río

No hay toma de agua para consumo aguasabajo. No se practica pesca, hay señales detrucha, introducida en el río años atrás.Ningún otro uso conocido

Solamente pesca (Liza + trucha) quesuben el río Intag. Los flujosmigratorios de los peces ya no seráposible.

Actualmente el sector de latoma es usado parabebedero del ganado, hayuna toma para agua potableperoaguasarribadelatoma.NohaypecesquesubendelIntagpor salto alto No hay

captación de agua para usohumano aguas abajo, sí paraganadería.

Ninguno conocido Abajo de la toma, existe uncaptación de agua vía canalabierto para uso agrícola yconsumo para 7 familias. El canales inestable y crea problemas alos cultivos

Ningunoconocido

4 Existe algún valor afectivo, alguna relación especial con el tramo del ríoafectado? (Ej. Ecosistema, relación cultural, creencias populares,…)

Este tramo de 700m antes delGuayllabamba no presenta ningunoatractivo relevante entre la población

Hay varias pequeños saltos de agua, unotras otro, aguas abajo de la toma de agua.Especie de pájaro "gallodelapeña" recorre lacuenca del río.

ninguno ninguno Existe interés conservacionistapor parte depropietarios a lo largodel tramoafectado. Zonaconrelaciónafectiva fuertecomunidad-naturaleza.Tramoafectadomás largodel sistema

Ninguno conocido Es lugar de una antigua centralhidroeléctrica. Relación cercanade la comunidad al río.

A este nivel delestudio, seconsidera que nohay necesidad

5 Se requiere aumentar el caudal más allá del mínimo legal de 10%?A este nivel del estudio, se considera que no hay necesidad

Ninguna necesidad identificada. El sectores poco transitado

A este nivel del estudio, se considera que nohay necesidad

No. Y existe una quebrada quecompletará el 10% luego de la toma deagua

Sí (inclusonoturbinarenépocasecaparagarantizarcaudalnatural).Hay

afluyentesabajo A este niveldel estudio, se considera queno hay necesidad

No,aesteniveldeestudio.Existeunpequeñoafluyenteenelmargenderecho Aesteniveldelestudio, seconsideraquenohaynecesidad

6

Cual es el uso del suelo en el lugar de las obras? (Ej. Cultivos, bosques,vegetación secundaria,…)

Cultivo de ciclo corto (fréjol, maíz) yvegetación secundaria en el sitio de toma,casa de máquinas y vía de acceso.

Bosque natural en área de toma de agua ladoizquierdo, cultivos en laderas lado derecho.Bosques resembrados en sitio de la tubería ybosque en sitio casa de máquinas

agricultura extensiva, vegetaciónsecundaria alta

Apartirdelatoma,elríofluyeenunlechoestrechoentre3y5m,poco accesible y riverasabruptas, no circula la gentesalvoagricultoresque transitanhaciasusfincas

La toma está ubicada en unapropiedad con trayectoriaconservacionista, incluidobosque natural y conperspectiva turística. Zonas decultivo de ciclo corto en elsector de casa de máquinas

Cultivos de ciclo corto en lazona de la toma y tubería.Bosque secundario en laparte baja, casa demáquinas.

Cultivo de ciclo corto, vegetaciónsecundaria alta, camino a lo largodel canal abierto

Existebosqueprimarioenlasladerasdeambosladosdelembalseaguasarribadelapresa,queseríainundados.Zonasdecultivoenlatomaycasademáquinas,defincasagrícolasgrandes.

7

Existen impactos ambientales provisionales durante la obra? (Ej. Topografía,excavaciones, terraplén, explosivos, escombrero, hormigón, vías,...)

El impacto principal proviene de las vías deacceso, debido a pendientes fuertes de losterrenos, toca limitar ancho a 5m. El uso deexplosivos en el túnel deberá ser reguladocon normas de trabajo específicas

Explosivos para el túnel, deforestación en elsitio de la tubería y de la casa de máquinas.Construcción de vías de acceso.Deterioración de carretera actual por paso devehículos pesados

Rameo, picas, creación de áreas paraalmacenar tierra y rocas, de formaprovisional. Es posible evitar talarárboles

Hay área de pasto en el sitio dela toma. La mayoría de latubería cruzaría zonas de pocavegetación, excepto una zonaboscosa rala. Si hay algunosterrenos con cultivos seránatravesados por la tubería.

Explosivos para laconstrucción del túnel. Existecarretera cercana para accesoal sitio de toma y entrada deltúnel. Hay zonas no boscosaspara trabajos de construcción.

La vía de acceso a la casade máquinas afectaría unazona de bosque en laderasobre todo. Para la toma, lanueva carretera construidapermite un acceso directo.

Uso de explosivos para adecuar rocasen la toma, vía de acceso a la tomapuede ser evitada con tarabita verticaldesde la carretera existente, transito demaquinaria liviana a lo largo del canalhasta enterrar la tubería, fácil acceso a

casaImpactode lavíadeaccesoa lacasademáquinasy tomaafectacultivos.Cuidarloscortesparacarreteradeaccesoy

evitarderrumbes.

8

Existen impactos ambientales de carácter permanente? (Ej.Afectación a paisajes, inestabilidad luego de movimiento de tierra,...)

La inestabilidad de las laderas, luego demovimientos de tierra, deberá ser objetode medidas de prevención (talud,

contención, etc.) Carreterade acceso a la casa de máquinas y al azuden terrenos con mucha pendiente, posibleinestabilidad de los suelos a posteriori

Paisaje afectado, derrumbes ydeslizamientos posibles debidos a laconstrucción de la carretera de acceso a lacentral, se aprovechará un tramo existente

Toca privilegiar la instalaciónmanualoconmaquinaria livianade la tubería para no crearimpactosconvíaenladeramuyaccidentada. Está cerca de lafutura sub-estaciónEmelnorte

El impacto principal consisteen lo largo del río desviado, ydisminución de caudal,particularmente en época deverano.

Desaparece la cascada,algunos terrenos cultivadosserían inundados a altura delmini-embalse dedesarenado.

Ver acuerdo con propietarios paramantener zonas de cultivo una vezenterrada la tubería, paisaje noafectado.

Cambio paisajísticototal por embalsegrandeenestaparteencañonada.Riesgos vinculadospresencia embalseaprevenir.

9

Cuales son las obras complementarias que valorizarían e acoplarían la centralal plan de desarrollo parroquial?

La presa serviría de puente para la vía, asíse reduce el largo de carretera de accesoy facilita el paso dentro de la finca

Interés para que se construya carreteradesde el puente aguas abajo, así comoapertura de un sendero turístico a lo largo delos saltos de agua

Aprovechar el embalse paraactividades recreativas, sistema dedepuración aguas servidas de laParroquia

Está por determinar Implementar una pasarela en laobra de toma para crear accesopermanente entre las 2 riveras.Adecuación posible del sector delatomaparaactividad dediversiónturística vinculadaal agua

Está por determinar Implementación de un sistema deagua potable para familiasafectadas, cambio del canalabierto por manguera sanitaria,pasarela sobre el río en el azud.

Partedelembalsetendríausoturístico(navegacióndeocio,pescadeportiva,yotrasatraccionestipoYaguarcocha).Seimplementaríalasinstalacionescorrespondientes.

10 Las técnicas de construcción permiten priorizar el empleo local? Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí sí,aunqueenmenorproporciónportamañodeobra

Elementos de Riesgos técnicos Chalguayaco Nangulví Pamplona San Miguel Toabunchi San Andrés San Joaquín Intag1 Estado actual de la cuenca aportante? Excelente Buena Excelente Regular Excelente Mala Buena Buena

2Existen riesgos de derrumbes o equivalente que ponen en riesgo la central? Sí - zona de de fuertes pendientes sujeta a

derrumbesSí, en la parte de vías sobre todo. Una parte de ladera sobre el embalse Sí, en las laderas donde

estará colocada la tuberíaSí, en las laderas donde estarácolocada la tubería

No No- excepto 2 pasos para tubería bajapresión (8% del largo total)

Sí

3El flujo de sedimentos y materiales sólidos representa un riesgo de taponamientoo daño ?

Toca calcular bien el volumen del mini-embalse desarenador

Poco Poco No No Según estabilidad luego de pasonueva carretera

No Sí, crecidas fuertes conalta cantidad desedimentos


Macroecomic impactNational benefit1/ The replacement of thermal or imported energy – currentlyvery costly for the county – with renewable hydroelectricenergy creates a savings in the energy bill of betweenUS$30,000 and US$67,961,713 per year for the state (accordingto the price of oil) through the HidroIntag System (installedremunerable potential of 100Mw and net average annualenergy of 582.42GWh).

2/ On putting the hydroelectric generation proposed byHidroIntag on line in the national’s grid, there will be areduction of energy loss that currently represents a largeexpense for distributors and for the State.

3/ In addition, the diversification of energy supply, amongsmall, medium and large plants, is considered a strategicadvantage in creating energy sovereignty for the county, as itallows for minimizing dependence on large-scale electricitygenerators, as is the case with the concentration in a few units,and avoids a portion of the cost that the lack of energyrepresents for the national economy when there is accidentaldamage in one of these generators.

a) National Electrification Plan 2007, (b) Medium to high output for diesel

plants, (c) Ref .Pascuales Gas Plant

4. With 100Mw of installed potential, the project allows for thegeneration of 584.4Gwh of net energy on average per year,complementing the hydroelectric plants that, currently, areconcentrated on the slopes of the Amazonas River basin,whose dry (or diminished flow) period corresponds with themonths of September through March, when the Pacific Oceanbasin, to which the Intag River pertains, offers peakhydrological conditions. HidroIntag contributes to the knownnecessity of using hydrological resources to the west of theAndes to optimize national energy production.

GENERATION OF POWER AND ENERGY

Average daily gross power (MW) 70.75Average remunerable gross power (MW) 100Average annual gross energy (MWh) 619,600.00

Net remunerable power (MW) 94Average annual net energy (MWh) 582,424.24Average annual net energy (GWh) 582.42

Savings for the State (US$/year) Up to 67,961,712.53

DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE

EnergyConsumption of diesel for electricity (year 2006) *(a) Gallon 163,000,000.00Price of a gallon of diesel for the el RGP (Referential Generation Price) *(a) US$/Gallon 0.82Price of imported diesel *(a) US$/barrel 90.00Barrel vs Gallons 42.00Price of importing US$/gallon 2.14Consumption of diesel for generation *(b) kWh/gallon 12.00Average Annual Net Energy HidroIntag GWh 582.42Equivalent in gallons Qui 48,535,000.00Annual savings on imported diesel US$ 104,003,571.43Subsidy for diesel US$ 1.32State savings on subsidies for diesel generation US$ 64,190,310.93

PowerInstalled power MW 94.00Unit cost of a gas plant *(c) US$/kW 500.00Cost of a 94 Mw gas-powered termal plant US$ 47,000,000.00Life span Years 25.00Updating rate % 5.00Annual investment cost US$/year 3,771,401.60Annual unit costUS$/Kw/year 40.12Savings from power to be installed US$/year 3,771,401.60

SAVINGS ON THE STATE’S ENERGY BILL US$/year 67,961,713

TaxesThe implementation of the HidroIntag System (studies, construction and operation) willgenerate approximately 112 million US dollars in various taxes for the state over the course ofthe coming 25 years.

This table does not include values associated with local development activities financed with profits from the project, such as the productionand sale of lumber, agroindustry, tourism, infrastructure

Reduction of CO2 emissionsThe generation of hydroelectric energy contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissionsat the rate of 365,052 tons of CO2 per year.

Contribution to food sovereigntyThe project aims to improve living conditions of 2,555 farm families in Intag and its area ofinfluence (northwestern Pichincha, other counties in Imbabura) with an increase in economicincome and the level of public service infrastructure in the rural area, a prior condition formaintenance of agricultural and livestock production levels necessary to provide food to theurban area, benefitting provincial and national food security.

Improvement in provincial electricity serviceWith HidroIntag, the Province’s self-generating capacity currently available through EMELNORTEis doubled and the quality and stability of electricity provision, subject to reduction in tensionand blackouts in rural areas of Imbabura, is improved.

Local benefit

Direct beneficiaries: These are the 13,696 residents of 7 parishes, 49% women, 51% men,mestizo (95%), black (4%), indigenous (1%)

Characteristics of beneficiaries: In large part, most residents’ socio-economic situation is basedon agriculture and livestock raising. There are other activities such as tourism services, salesand other community production agro-artisanal activities.

Type of benefits: Jobs generated during the study, construction, and operational andhydrological basin management phases; benefits due to a healthy environment, the use ofinstallations and works connected to the power plants (catwalk, reservoir for fishing andrecreation, treatment of sewage, tourism), programs for the creation of local capacities,empowerment of the local population in territorial and hydrological basin management, aninclusive activity that values the existing farmingculture.

Indirect (county) beneficiaries: These are 37,215 residents of the country, 18,770 men (51%)and 18,445 women (49%), of whom 80% live in rural areas (8 rural parishes and the surroundingsof the 2 urban parishes) and the remaining 20% in urban areas. Children and adolescents (0-18 years) make up 48% of the county total.

REDUCTION OF CARBON EMISSIONS– CORDELIM Methodology (ACM002) – 2008

DESCRIPTION VALUE

FACTOROF EMISSIONOF THE ECUADORIAN ELECTRICALNETWORK O.6268AVERAGENETANNUAL ENERGY (MWh) 582,424.24REDUCTION INCARBONEMISSIONS (Tons CO2) 365.052SALEOF “CERS” – LOWERRANGE (dollars x year) 4,380,622SALEOF “CERS” –UPPERRANGE (dollars x year) 7.301,037

TAXES OVER 25 AÑOS

PHASE DESCRIPTION VALUESALES TAX (IVA) – COST OF THE PROJECT 18,361,250.00INCOME TAX 88,931,202.19IVA – OPERATION COST 4,902,589.00OTHER TAXES 150,000.00VALUE OF NET TAXES 112,345,041.19

CONSTRUCTION,OPERATION ANDADMINISTRATIONOF THE 9HYDROELECTRICPLANTS



Characteristics of beneficiaries:The county’s economically active population, according to activity, is as follows: agriculture andlivestock raising 51%, industry and manufacture 13% and construction 7%; 60% of males workin agriculture and livestock raising, 12% in industry and manufacture and 9% in construction;24% of women work in agriculture and livestock raising,15% in industry and manufacture and12% in wholesale and retail sales.

Type of benefit:All net benefits generated by the hydroelectric projects which are not reinvested in the same willbe used to finance works and process of a social nature (universal health insurance,improvements in the education system, environmental education, infrastructure and roads, goodpractices in participatory democracy, development and strengthening of sustainable production

alternatives to extractivista mega projects, agro-ecology, initiatives in favor of local employmentand entrepreneurship for young people), maintenance of water sources and environmentalequilibrium of county and national interest.

Job creationThe system will directly create a total of 1,206 permanent jobs, related to construction, operationand administration of the hydroelectric projects as well as the development of the localeconomy through the use of benefitsf obtained from the production of energy.

Relation with local EAP

The project’s impact on the EAP (economically active population) of the area benefitting: jobscreated directly connected to the project represent 10.7% of the total EAP for the 7 parishes(4,725). In addition, the project will have a positive impact on the sale of ordinary goods andservices (sales of food, lodgings, transportation, communication, specialized sales), benefitting28 businesses, 44% of these local.

INVESTMENT IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE LOCAL ECONOMYEstimate for the next 25years

AGROFORESTRY (forestation, reforestation, coffee growing) 56,000,000.00PROMOTION OF SMALL-SCALE AGROINDUSTRY 25,000,000.00PROMOTION OF TOURISM 12,972,341.15INFRAESTRUCTURE 64,490,822.36SOCIAL SERVICES (health, education) 25,796,328.94

TOTAL (25 year) 184,259,492.45

JOB ACCESS CHARACERISTICS

JOBS GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINCREATED Local National Foreignr

Nº OF JOBS 475 30 2PERCENTAGE 93,6% 6,0% 0,4%

JOBS CREATED GENDER & GENERATIONALMen Women < 25 years

PERCENTAGE 74% 26% 53%

COUNTY POPULATION ACCORDEING TO ETHNIC SELF-DEFINITION

MESTIZO INDIGENOUS BLACK WHITE OTHER

Además se impulsará la prestación de servicios ordinarios

(Venta de alimentación, servicios de hospedaje, transporte,

comunicación, comercios especializados) en beneficio de 28

empresas o negocios, en un 44% de origen local.

Access of young people to skilled jobs

The creation of jobs will be accompanied by a support

program, valued at 890,550 USD, through long-term non

refundable aid to guarantee access by at least 107 local young

people to medium and highly skilled jobs:

For this purpose, a scholarship program and agreement with

the Central University of Ecuador and the National Polytechnic

University will be implemented, including distance university

modules, complementary secondary education and review

courses, courses in professional orientation and promotion of

local jobs, courses in technical skills such as those offered by

SECAP, permanent training, opportunities for thesis while

working with local organizations that include HidroIntag,

training exchanges with international schools (hydroelectricity,

management of hydrological basins), a module in

environmental training for high school students, courses for

young entrepreuneurs based on the local job market and

business opportunities in Intag, university training specialized

in integral basin management and the carbon market.


CREACION DE EMPLEOS DE CONSTRUCCION, OPERACIÓN Y ADMINISTRACION

ITEM TYPOLOGY LABOR DURATION TOTALHighly skilled Medium skilled Unskilled (years) (persons)

1 STUDIES & PRELIMINARY WORKS 9 3 33 4 452 CIVIL WORKS 6 50 280 7 3363 ENGINEERING WORK 3 - - 7 35 PLANT OPERATION 10 15 27 > 25 76 ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE OF BASINS 2 18 9 > 25 297 DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 2 8 15 > 18 258 CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION 5 2 4 > 25 119 OUTSIDE SERVICES 6 - - > 25 6

TOTAL No. OF JOBS CREATED 43 96 368 507

ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO SKILLED LOCAL JOBS

WORKS SUPERVISOR (OVERSIGHT)HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATORCONSTRUCTION SPECIALIST (LEVEL I)CONSTRUCTION SPECIALIST (LEVEL II)PLANT MAINTENANCE OPERATORELECTROMECANICAL TECHNICIALPLANT SUPERVISORENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERENVIRONMENTAL OUTREACH WORKERDEVELOPMENT PROJECT COORDINATORTECHNICIAN IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENTADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARYHYDROELECTRIC ENGINEERENGINEER IN ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCESTOTAL SKILLED JOBS

TYPOLOGY

TYPE OF TRAINING

Highlyskilled

Mediumskilled

Persons


Social investment of benefitsDescription of jobs

With the benefits generated through the saleof energy, the HidroIntag System willcontribute to the development of the localeconomy through promotion of existingagriculture, livestock raising and craftactivities, according to strategic axes with thegreatest impact in terms of employment:

a) Organic coffee production inagroforestry systems,

b) Reforestation and forestation to assure thedelivery of environmental services and/orlumber production,c) Agro-industries (milk products, fruit, sugarcane, fibers, fish farming, etc.)d) Various types of tourism (familyagricultural, adventure, ecological, groups).The potential for regional developmentincludes Intag and its direct area ofinfluence (northwestern Pichincha, other counties of Imbabura).

REFORESTATION & FORESTATIONReference for 25,000 hectáreas - 30% lumber /Benefitting area: Intag, Imbabura and Northwest

JOB TOTALHighly skilled Medium skilled Unskilled persons

TECHNICAL TEAM 10 50 - 60FORESTRY AND PROCESSING OPERATOR - 10 35 45OTHER OPERATORS - 10 10 20ADMINISTRATION 5 7 - 12TOTAL Nº OF JOBS CREATED 15 77 45 137

FARMER, LANDOWNER - - 2,500 2,500FARMERS INVOLVED - - 2,500 2,500

COFFEE GROWINGReference for 3,000 hectáreas – 75,000QQ / year Benefitting area: Intag

JOB TOTALHighly skilled Medium skilled Unskilled persons

TECHNICAL TEAM 10 40 - 50POST-HARVEST AND PROCESSING OPERATOR - 10 240 250OTHER OPERATORS - 10 - 10ADMINISTRATION 10 5 - 15TOTAL No. OF JOBS CREATED 20 65 240 325

COFFEE GROWERS - 140 1,360 1,500COFFEE GROWERS INVOLVED - 140 1,360 1,500

AGROINDUSTRIESEnlarging milk collection, sugar production, fish farming, transformation of products and crafts / Area benefitting: Intag

JOBS TOTALHighly skilled Medium skilled Unskilled Persons

ILK COLLECTION PLANT OPERATOR 2 5 2 9TRUCK DRIVERS - 7 - 7POST-HARVEST AND PROCESSING OPERATORS 8 10 - 18CRAFTSPERSONS 7 40 47TECHNICAL TEAM 4 4 - 8ADMINISTRATION - - - -TOTAL Nº OF JOBS CREATED 14 33 42 89

LIVESTOCK RAISER - 20 80 100FARMER / LIVESTOCK RAISER - - 176 176FARMERS INVOLVED - 20 256 276

TOURISMExpansion of Thermal Baths, Cuicocha Complex,national and international environmental and agro tourism / Area benefitting: Intag, Cotacachi, Imbabura

JOB TOTALHighly skilled Medium skilled Unskilled Persons

GUIDE 16 16OPERATOR – TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE 5 52 57ALLIED SERVICES 6 23 29OPERATORS – RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES 1 8 10 19TECHNICAL TEAM 2 2ADMINISTRATION 11 14 25TOTAL Nº OF JOBS CREATED 14 49 85 148

FARMER / LIVESTOCK PRODUCER - - 35 35FARMERS INVOLVED - - 35 35





DEVELOPMENT

Inventoryof hydroelectric

plants


ChalguayacoHidroelectric plant, 7Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This project will take advantage not only of the steep slopecharacterizing the Chalguayaco River over its final 650mstretch, before it flows into the Guayllabamba River, but willalso cut across the river’s final curve through a short tunnel.And in spite of the fact that the Chontal plant, part of theintegrated hydroelectric system on the Guayllabamba, removesalmost 25m of the project’s fall in order to maintain water level

at the tail of the reservoir, we still have a very interesting ratioof adduction longitude L of 400m over the height of “natural”fall H of some 107m (L/H=4).

This project benefits from the new Otavalo-Selva Alegre-Quinindé highway that passes near the plant, as well as thespread of the national interconnected electrical system to theChontal hydroelectric plant, which will make it possible to sendthe energy to the Electric Company of Quito (EEQ).

The provider basin is one of the largest in Intag, coveringalmost 90km2, beginning the top of the Toisán range with awell-conserved forest cover that maintains the river’s flow atmore than 4,5m3/s, on average. The river tends to be highlyturbid during when it rains, especially due to small landslideswhich are very frequent in the area. The plant will thus requirea serious filtration system.

Intake: The intake structure will be located some 3 to 4m overthe riverbed, with a diversion dam of some 10-12m which willallow for a small reservoir for daily regulation some 100m long,that will also fill the role of a good filtration system, with itsbottom floodgates of at least 2m2 each, located some 2 meters

from the bottom, in order to evacuate the greatest amount ofsediment possible collected in the reservoir. The dam, made ofreinforced concrete, will be relatively thick, in the form of anarc, with weight-wings on the banks to ensure betteradaptation to the topography and the geology.

There is a small channel on the right bank that, widened andwith a few adjustments, could allow for flow during the lowwater of the dry season, while construction work on thediversion dam is underway, at least the lower part, includingthe installation of the floodgates.

GALLERY/PIPES: The entire structure is located on a rockygranadiorita massif that appears to be of excellent quality, asfar as we have been able to determine. It is estimated that thetunnel can be left in rock. The pressure pips of some 2m indiameter, of PRV (polyester reinforced with glass fiber) and 200m long will allow for a 107m fall.

ENGINE ROOM: This will be equipped with two FrancisTurbines and fused to the rocky platform that make up theGuayllabamba canyon.


Proyecto CHALGUAYACO

Information on the basin:PARISH: TheChalguayaco powerplant is located inGarcía MorenoParish.

García Moreno, landof dreams andenchantmentThe parish,established onFebruary 16, 1940,is the largest inCotacachi County(682.4km2); itcurrently has 5,500residents. The

parish’s northern boundary is the Toisán Range; to the south isthe Guallabamba River; the Aguagrum River is the easternboundary while to the west is Esmeraldas Province. The climateis subtropical with heavy rainfall during the rainy seasonmaking this a land of humid primary subtropical forest, butthere is also a large deforested area used for agriculture andlivestock raising. Residents are engaged especially inagriculture and livestock raising, and the extensive forests andrivers are part of community tourism project. Though thecopper deposits that exist in the upper portion of theChalguayaco River have been coveted by transnationalcorporations since the 1990s, they have yet to be exploited due

to resistance by the local population.

There is direct highway access to Quito from García Morenovia the Calacalí-Nanegal-Selva Alegre highway; the trip fromthe capital to the parish sea takes 3 hours.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION: With 88km2, theChalguayaco River basin is emblematic of Intag: on the onehand, this is due to the environmental consciousness that themajority of residents of five community have demonstratedthroughout 12 years of resistance to open-pit mineral miningprojects, as well as to conservation efforts on behalf of 2community forests covering 10,400 hectares with tremendousvalue in terms of biodiverfsity (Junín Reserve and ChontalProtected Forest) where sustainable activities, includingagroforestry, coffee growing and ecological tourism, havepriority. These forests, with the endemic species of flora andfauna, some in danger of extinction, border on the Cotacachi-Cayapas Reserve and are part of the Toisán area, whoseprotection is regulated by a municipal ordinance since 2008.The protected status guarantees water sources, among these,5 community hydrological reserves managed by the residentswho depend on them for domestic consumption.


ChalguayacoRiver Basin

Community

Cotacachi County limits

Parish BoundariesSupply basinRoads

Protected Forest

100% Natural Forest or highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

100%NaturalForestorhighlands70%NaturalForest50%NaturalForest

DESCRIPTION OF FEEDER BASIN

FOREST COVER VALUESTOTAL SURFACE OF BASIN (Hectares) 8,800RANKING DE BASIN BASED ON SURFACE AREA (1st to 9th) 2nd / 9% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface arrea) 49%FOREST CLASSIFIED AS “PROTECTED FOREST” YESFOREST PROTECTED VIA MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE YESBIODIVERSITY RATE HIGHTYPOLOGY OF BASIN FOREST PRE-MONTANE/MONTANE/HIGHPLUVIALSHARES BOUNDARIES WITH COTACACHI-CAYAPAS ECOLOGICAL RESERVE YESPART OF THE CHOCO BIOREGION YES

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 5INHABITANTS (Nº) 1,080COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 2COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVED (Nº) 2SURFACE AREA OF COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVES (Hectares) 10,400COMMUNITY HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES – WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (Nº) 5PRIVATE FOREST WITH OWNERS INTERESTED IN CONSERVATION YESENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS UNDERWAYINSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION RainforestConcern,PRODECI,AACRI,DECOIN,CIVIL SOCIETY INVOLVEMENT IN CONSERVATION HIGH

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALORACIONMAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LIVESTOCK RAISING - AGRICULTUREMAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT MININGOTHER RISKS IN THE BASIN SALE OF LUMBER

PRINCIPLE PROJECT DATA:Hydrology:- Name of River: Chalguayaco- Basin area (km2) 88- Average flow (m3/s) 4,5m3/s- Design flow (m3/s) 9m3/s- Project swelling flow:

Tr 100 anos (m3/s) 180m3/s

Reservoir- Type: daily regulation- Maximum normal level (masl) 807- Minimum normal level 795- Available volume (m3) 100,000

Dam- Type: arc and gravity concrete- Crowning elevation 810- Length (m) 120- Maximum height (m) 10-12- Elevation, top of spillway 807- Length (m), top of spillway 50- Bottom drains 2- Radial floodgates BxH (m) 2x2.5

1.4 Conduction Tunnel- Diameter (m) 2.5- Length (m) 200

1.5 Equilibrium Chimney- Underground- Height (m) 35

1.6 Pressure Pipes- Surface in PRV- Diameter (m) 2-Length (m) 300

1.7 Engine Room- Above ground- Installed power (Mw) 7

1.8 Turbines 2 Francis- Net fall of design (m) 107


Nangulví Hidroelectricplant 4,5Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The 26km2 of the Nangulví River feeder basin make possible aflow design of 2.m3/s for the rainy season, for this projectwhich will make use of an advantageous 215m fall, a horizontallength not more than 700m and the possibility of short-circuiting the river’s curve by means of a tunnel.

WATER UPTAKE: Topographical conditions do not provide foran ideal reservoir; instead a simple diversion dam will be builtover a good strait of pure rock that will, nevertheless, makepossible the creation of a espejo de agua sufficient to functionas a filter by means of a diversion dam 7-8 meters high andtaking advantage of a natural ford of considerable width. Onthe right bank, a small rocky pass could easily be widened inorder to reroute the riverbed temporarily during constructionand installation of a sluice gate (sector – 2x2.5m) at the bottomof the riverbed. The intake structure would be of the classictype, but alargado a lo ancho (4x3) para evitar una presa alta,with preference for an intake system known as “coanda”. Asmall tributary creates a lovely waterfall a few metersdownwater from the intake system, and this could be addedto the ecological flow foreseen.

PIPES: While at first an underground gallery was discussed,reduced to the minimum length (300m) and emptying on ahillside with a moderate slope followed by steel pressure pipe,a detailed examination of the landscape and its very brokentopography led to the decision to lengthn the tunnel to themaximum to reduce pressure pipes to the minimum, followinga very steep but uniform hillside. The use of PRV pipe couldfacilitate the job.

MACHINE ROOM: The machine room will be built on thesurface or half-buried if final studies confirm appropriateconditions. Maximum installed power corresponds to theaverage flow during the rainy season and would be around4,5Mw.


NANGULVÍ Project

Information on the basinPARISH: The Nangulví plant is located in Peñaherrera Parish.

Green Heart of the WorldEstablished on August 13, 1920, the parish’s northernboundary extends to the Toisán range (Esmeraldas Province)and Cuellaje Parish, the Intag River (Vacas Galindo Parish) andthe Aguagrum River (García Moreno Parish) form the southern

boundary, the Intag River is also the parish’s eastern boundaryand the Toisán range forms the western limits. Peñaherrera’sresidents work in agriculture, livestock raising, industrialproduction of jams and jellies, medicinal herbs, granulatedunrefined sugar and crafts, as well as in ecotourism. The bestknown tourist attractions include the thermal baths Eco-Tourism Complex at Nangulví, the Gualimán ArchaeologicalCenter, Nangulví Alto’s Cock-of-the-Rock waterfall, the look-out point at Las Palmas and Peñaherrera’s local band. Residentshave created a number of social and farmer organizations thatplay a key role in the sustainable development of Intag and inthe participatory democratic process (production groupsassociated with the Women’s Coordinating Committee of Intag,the Association of Agro-Ecological Farmers of Intag-ACAI, theDelicacies of Nangulví Association, etc.).

Radio Intag, 96.7FM, transmitting from the parish center,reaches an audience throughout Intag; programming isdesigned to appeal to a majority of Intag’s residents, with anemphasis on community service.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION:The hydrological basin of the torrential Nangulví River flowfrom the boundary of the Toisán range, through 2,300hectares of which 60% are forested (between 100 and 70%).The basin is surrounded by the San Pedro and San Joaquín(tributary of the Cristopamba) rivers, is less than 2 kilometersfrom the Pajas de Oro protected forest, and is located in anarea with abundant water sources, characterized by goodenvironmental conservation practices.


Feeder Basin

Community

Cotacachi County Limits

Parish LimitsRoads

Protected Forest

100%Natural Forest or highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

100%NaturalForestorhighlands

70%NaturalForest

50%NaturalForest


FOREST COVER VALUESTOTAL SURFACE AREA OF BASIN (Hectares) 2,300RANK OF THE BASIN ACCORDING TO SURFACE AFEA (1st to 9th) 6th / 9100% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface) 25%70% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface) 35%FOREST CATAGORIZED AS "PROTECTED FOREST" NOFOREST WITH PROTECTED STATUS THROUGH MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NORATE OF BIODIVERSITY MEDIUMTYPE OF FOREST IN THE BASIN PRE-MONTANE/MONTANE/HIGHPLUVIALBORDERS ON THE CCEC COTACACHI CAYAPAS YESPART OF THE CHOCO BIOREGION YES

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 4INHABITANTS (Nº) 890COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 2RESERVES MANAGED BY THE COMMUNITY (Nº) -SURFACE AREA OF RESERVES MANAGED BY COMMUNITIES (Hectares) -HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES PROVIDING WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (Nº) 1PRIVATE FOREST WITH OWNERS COMMITTED TO CONSERVATION YESPROGRAMS FAVORING THE ENVIRONMENT ONGOINGINSTITUTIONES INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION FBU, ACAI, AACRI, DECOININVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN CONSERVATION MEDIUM

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALUESDOMINANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LIVESTOCKMAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT DEFORESTATIONANDILLEGALTIMBERACTIVITIESOTHER RISKS AFFECTING THE BASIN AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER

PRINCIPAL DATA

1.1. Hydrology:- Name of the river: Nangulví- Basin area (km2) 28- Average flow (m3/s) 1,4- Design flow (m3/s) 2,8- Project swelling flow Tr 100 years (m3/s) 60

1.2 ReservoirFilter- Height (masl) 1630

1.3 Dam- Reinforced concrete- Height 7-8m- Base drain 1- Radial floodgate BxH 2x2.5

1.4 Flow tunnel- Diameter (m) 3- Length (m) 5

1.5 Equilibrium chimney- Subterranean- Height (m) 10

1.6 Pressure pipes- Surface (PRV)- Diameter (m) 1.4- Length (m) 350

1.7 Engine room- Above ground or underground- Installed power (Mw) 4.5Turbines 2 Francis/PeltonDesign fall (m) 215L/H=700/215=3.25


Pamplona Hidroelectricplant, 8Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This plant project stands out as a result of its ample feederbasin covering 87km2 with significant forest cover providingan abundant flow of crystalline water (4,5m3/s at average flow).It requires rerouting the Pamplona River through anunderground tunnel 700 meters in length, followed by 650meters of high pressure pipes to the Intag River, upriver fromthe current outlet, which will create a fall of 110m. The projectincludes a good sized reservoir of 400,000m3 that will providefor daily regulation. The absence of a well marked closing inthe river bed will make the cost of the dam somewhat high.Some tributaries of the Pamplona River, such as the Meridiano

River downstream from the planned intake point, will providefor the maintenance – over a large part of the 4,700 meters ofthe section affected – a flow beyond the ecological minimumrequired by law. The fact that this river borders on otherparishes in the neighboring Pichincha province must be takeninto account.

INTAKE: Various options should be studied based on thequality of the rock, especially for the swelling spillway:• Standard weight dam with cyclopean concrete• Empty weight dam or weight dam with buttresses• Multiple arc damIn order to reduce the investment cost, wings could beconsidered, especially on the right bank, made with smallearthen dikes.

The water intake facility could be of the standard trompe/towertype, placed 2/3 m from the bottom of the river and as clase aspossible to the floodgates (radial type), in order to evacuatesediments before they solidify. The implementation of the

screen for this intake point at a sufficient depth will avoidblockage by branches and leaves.

TUNNEL: Visible rock outcroppings in the river bed suggestthat the rock is good quality, which means that the tunnel wallscan be of rock or protected by a simple “gunitage” the lengthof the 700 meters. If the tunnel is 3m in diameter, for cleaningand worker security purposes, gravity-propelled flows up to10m3/s will be possible.

The subterranean equilibrium chimney will be of the classictype, some 30m high.

HIGH PRESSURE PIPE: We will use PRV surface pipes 2 to 3m indiameter.

ENGINE HOUSE: This could be an engine house of the half-subterranean type, a decision to be made when the site’stopography and geology have been confirmed.The installed power is estimated at 8Mw.


Information on the basin:PARISH: The Pamplona plant is located in the Selva AlegreParish, but borders on the San José de Minas Parish (PichinchaProvince).

Part of Otavalo CountySelva Alegre was legallyestablished as a parish onOctober 26, 1937, and takesits name from Juan PíoMontúfar, Marquis of SelvaAlegre. This is the only parishpertaining to Intag that isunder the jurisdiction ofOtavalo County. The altitudein the lower part of valleys is1,300masl and reaches up to2,500masl in the mountain ranges. The climate is humidsubtropical. The parish, with a population of about 1,800inhabitants who live in ten rural communities, covers 113km2.The parish economy is based on agriculture and livestockraising, the major sources of income (sugar cane, beans, maize,cassava, plantain, citrus and a wide variety of fruits areproduced).

Some of the mines of the Selva Alegre Cement Company, nowpart of the French Lafarge group, are located in this parish.

The new paved Otavalo-Selva Alegre road is currently underconstruction.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION:The Pamplona River’s hydrological basin is the largest of the 8basins of rivers flowing into the Intag River. It is characterized byforests with high biodiversity value (endemic fauna and flora,mammals in danger of extinction, pristine forests, rain forests inthe upper part of the Cambugán range) and an interestinghistory of protection and conservation of the forest patrimony.

Of special note are the Quinde,Pamplona-Daule and Cambugán(established protected forests or inthe process) include almost 150km2of primary vegetation whosemanagement is being led byorganizations based in Intag, such asAACRI, the Río Intag Artisanal CoffeeGrowers Association, along withenvironmental NGOs, communitiesand parish councils.

This forested area is part of the biological corridor that joinsthe Cotacachi-Cayapas Reserve and the ecosystem of theMindo region, a well-known tourist destination and ecologicalarea in Ecuador’s Northwest.


PAMPLONA RIVERFEEDER BASIN


Parish limits

Community

Roads

Feeder Basin

Protected Forest

100% Natural Forest or highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

PRINCIPLE DATA

1.1 Hydrology

- Name of River Pamplona

- Basin Area (km2) 87

- Average flow (m3/s) 4,5

- Flow design (m3/s) 9

- Swelling flow (m3/s)

Tr 1000 years 250

1.2 Reservoir:

- Daily/weekly regulation

- Maximum level (masl) 1,160

- Volume (m3) 400,000

1.3 Dam:

- Gravity concrete

- Height (m) 20

- Bottom drain

Radial floodgate BxH=2x2.5m

1.4 Conduction tunnel:

- Diameter (m) 3

- Length (m) 700

1.5 Equilibrium chimney:

- Subterranean

- Height (m) 30

1.6 Pressure pipe

Subterranean / surface: PRV

- Diameter (m) 2

- Length (m) 650

1.7 Engine house:- Subterranean- Fall degisn (m) 110- 2 Francis Turbines- Power (Mw) 8


FOREST COVER VALUESTOTAL SURFACE AREA OF BASIN (Hectares) 8,700RANK OF BASIN ACCORDING TO SURFACE AREA (1 to 9) 3rd / 9100% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surfacel) 55%FOREST WITH “PROTECTED FOREST” STATUS YESFOREST PROTECTED VIA MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NOBIODIVERSITY INDEX HIGHTYPE OF FOREST IN THE BASIN MONTANEFOREST/HIGHMONTANERAINFORESTBORDERS ON CCER ECOLOGICAL RESERVE YESPART OF THE CHOCO BIOREGION YES

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 6INHABITANTS (Nº) 1,100COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 1COMMUNITY-MANAGED RESERVES (Nº) 3SURFACE AREA OF COMMUNITY-MANAGED RESERVES (Hectares) 14,700HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES WITH WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (Nº) -PRIVATE FORESTS OWNED BY PERSONS COMMITTED TO CONSERVATION YESENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS UNDERWAYINSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION RAINFORESTCONCERN,AACRI,PRODECI,INVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN CONSERVATION HIGH

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALUESDOMINANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AGRICULTURE-LIVESTOCKRAISINGPRINCIPLE THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT ILLEGALTIMBEREXTRACTIONOTHER RISKS SPECIFIC TO THE BASIN AGRICULTUREFRONTIER


San Miguel Hidroelectricplant, 0,6Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The San Miguel River has a small feeder basin of barely 5km2and, thus, a scant flow design (0.5m3/s). However, this fact iscompensated for, in part, by an appreciable fall of some 180m,with an interesting an L/H ratio of 4… The installed power couldreach 0.6Mw. This is the project with the highest cost perinstalled Kw (low power potential, difficult access).

INTAKE: Built of cyclopean concrete and on the basis of thesimplest design possible, it will be sufficiently large to create asmall water mirror to act as a filter, with a loading tank fed

through a grate of the perforated plate type with a drain viafloodgates measuring 1m2.

PIPE: This will be between 900 and 1000m long, and willconnect the intake point directly to the engine house, followingthe river bed or, alternatively, will consist of 450m of lowpressure pipe fixed throughout to the hillside, before thedescent which will consist of high pressure pipe.

ENGINE HOUSE: This will be built on a alluvial platform and, ifpossible, incrusted into the rock located at the foot of the rockand out of reach of the swelling of the Intag River. The heightof the 180m fall makes possible the use of a 0,6Mw Peltonturbine, profitable for a wide range of flow (10 to 100%).

PRINCIPLE DATA

1.1 Hydrology:- Name of the river San Miguel- Basin surface area (km2) 5- Average flow (m3/s) 0.25- Flow design (m3/s) 0.50- Swell flow (m3/s) 12

1.2 Reservoir:- Filter- Level (masl) 1,420

1.3 Dam:- Diversion dam concrete- Height (m) 6- Bottom drain 1x1m

1.4 Pressure pipe:- Surface (PRV)- Diameter (m) 0.5- Length (m) 1,000

1.5 Engine house:- Above ground- Fall (m) 180- L/H=4- Pipe: 1 Pelton- Power (Mw) 0.6


San Miguel – Vacas GalindoProject

Information on the basin:PARISH: The San Miguel plant is located in the parish of VacasGalindo.

A small parishVacas Galindo was legally recognized as a parish on February16, 1940. According to data from the 2001 census, thepopulation is 846. The parish borders to the north withPeñaherrera Parish, from which it is separated by the IntagRiver. Theparish center is located at an altitude of 1,570 masl.The average temperature is 25 degrees, due to the moderatesubtropical climate. The population works in agriculture,primarily, and livestock raising, and has 7 communities and/orneighborhoods. The parish is reached via the Apuela-GarcíaMoreno road to which it is connected by a bridge over theIntag River.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION:The hydrological basin of the San Miguel River is the smallest,in terms of area, of all the basins in the HidroIntag system, buthalf is covered by forests that are 100% natural, all of thembelonging to private parties. These are montane and pre-montane forests, with a medium biodiversity index. It does notborder on the CCER-Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve.

The basin also includes a reserve managed by the communitycreated to assure water for human consumption.

The Balsapamba waterfall is one of Intag’s tourist attractionsand is visible from the main road.

The Vacas Galindo hydroelectric plant project, which takes itsname from that of the parish, was identified when INECEL wasin operation as a possibility as a possible source of power.

Creation of the plant has led since 2007 to opposition fromlocal governments (parish councils and Cotacachi MunicipalGovernment), social organizations and owners of hotels andland on the banks of the Intag River, because it would reroutethe water from that river in the heart of the tourist district ofIntag. Tourism has been identified as a priority in developmentplants drawn up during the last decade, at the parish, countyand provincial levels.


SAN MIGUELRIVER FEEDER

BASINFeeder basin

Community


Roads

Protected Forest100%Natural Forest or highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

100%NaturalForestorhighlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

Toabunchi Hidroelectricplant, 8Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

A feeder basin that ends at a good height and with a significantsurface area of 35km2 should give a module of 1.7m3.s andallow for a design flow of 3.5m3/s.

The project will reroute water from the Toabunchi Riverthrough a subterranean tunnel some600m in length, returningthe water to the Apuela River upstream from the currentmouth, after taking advantage of a significant fall of 290m, and

obtaining a correct L/H ration of 5. The presence of a numberof tributaries downstream from the intake point will allow forconserving the correct flow along the 7,500m affected byrerouting. However, during the 3 months of the dry period, itwould be possible to shut down the plant if more importantinterests (agricultural, ecological, touristic) so require.

INTAKE: The topography of the site only allows for a smallstructure for filtering water. The spillway for swelling, ofcyclopean concrete, could be lengthened toward the left bankby a dirt dyke. The bottom drain will be equipped with a radialfloodgate for greater security. The internal loading tank to the

weight-dam will be protected by a perforated metal sheet.

GALLERY/PRESSURE PIPE: There are two possible solutions:A short horizontal gallery (600m) and a long pressure tube(1,100m), which would be interesting if the rock is not idealand taking into account the ease of adaptation of PRV pipeto the relief problems on the left bank of the Apuela River.A gallery as long as possible (1,100m, if the rock turns out tobe excellent), which would allow for minimizing the lengthof the pipe (700m) and anchoring it to a much morehomogenous gradient.

The final decision will be made on the basis of costs.


Information on the basin:PARISH: TheToabunchi plantis located in thePlaza GutiérrezParish.

Friend of peaceand natureThis is Intag’soldest parish.The firstresidents beganto arrive around 200 years ago, though the parish was legallyfounded 107 years ago. It was first called Calvario, but the namewaschangedonMarch9, 1901, thedateof itsofficial creation. Theoriginalname reflects the difficultymuleteers experienced carrying productsfrom the area to the city and then returning with subsistence itemsfor families. The parish was definitively named after the presidentserving at the time, Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez, who donated the firsttelephone to the area.

The parish covers 80km2, with temperature fluctuating between 10and 16 degrees. It includes four communities with around 700inhabitantswhoare involved in crafts, community tourism, agriculture(especially the growing of agave as well as beans, tree tomatoes,blackberries, cassava, plantain…). It’s organizing history includes the

creationof productiongroups suchasWomenand the Environmentand Flower of the Chocó, whose members make crafts from theagave fiber and leather, in harmonywith thenatural habitat. Theareais known for its warm people who welcome both national andinternational tourists, and who love of peace and defend theirbirthplace.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION:The parish has a significant forest patrimony which extends beyondits borders into the parish of Apuela, with private and/or communityreserves created for the purpose of conservation; these include LaFloridaprotected forest covering600hectares. TheToabunchi River’sfeeder basin measures 35km2, and has, in relative terms, the largest100% natural forest cover (71%) of all the basins included in theHidroIntagplan. Twoprotected forestsmeritingmention are located

upriver (Siempre Vida andSiempre Verde). These arecloud forests, highmontaneforest types with a highindex of biodiversity(endemicbirds,mammals indanger of extinction, floraspecies of great biologicalvalue, trees with specialcharacteristics); they includethe headwaters of theToabuchi River’s tributries.The forests border on theCotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and also include a highlandsarea in the upper part.


DESCRIPTION OF THE FEEDER BASINFOREST COVER VALUES

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF THE BASIN (Hectares) 3,400RANK OF THE BASIN, ACCORDING TO SURFACE AREA (1 to 9) 4º / 9100% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface area) 1FOREST WITH “PROTECTED FOREST” STATUS YESFOREST PROTECTED VIA MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NOBIODIVERSITY INDEX HIGHTYPE OF FOREST IN THE BASIN CLOUDFOREST / HIGHMONTANE /HIGHLANDSBORDERS ON CCER ECOLOGICAL RESERVE YESPERTAINS TO THE CHOCO BIOREGION YES

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 3INHABITANTS (Nº) 925COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 2COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVES (Nº) 2SURFACE AREA OF COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVES (Hectares) 500HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES PROVIDING WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (Nº) 2PRIVATE FOREST OWNED BY INDIVIDUALS COMMITTED TO CONSERVATION YESENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS ONGOINGINSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION DECOIN, Rainforest Concern, Zoobreviven,AACRI,INVOLVEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN CONSERVATION HIGH

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALUESMAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LIVESTOCKRAISING-AGRICULTUREPRINCIPLE THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT BURNING OR HIGHLANDSOTHER RISKS SPECIFIC TO THE BASIN AGRICULTURE FRONTIER

PRINCIPAL DATA

Hydrology- Name of River Toabunchi- Basin area (km2) 35- Average flow (m3/s) 17- Design flow (m3/s) 3,5- Swelling flow (m3/s) 75


1.3 Dam:- Gravity concrete- Height (m) 7/8-Bottom drain- Radial floodgate BxH=2x2.5

1.4 Conduction tunnel:- Diameter (m) 3- Length (m) 600/1,100

1.5 Equilibrium chimney:- Subterranean (PRV)- Diameter (m) 1.7- Length 1,100/700

1.8 Engine house- Above ground- Design fall (m) 200- Turbines: 2 Peltons – Power (Mw) 8


San Andrés Hidroelectricplant, 2MwGENERALDESCRIPTIONThe feeder basin for thissmall riverwasextensivelydeforested somedecadesagoandrequiresa sustained reforestationeffort to maintain andincrease thecurrent scantflow of 0,8m3/s. Theproject is a relativelysimple one in terms ofexecution,withaL/Hratioof 2.5 and a fall of 180mwhich will allow for some2Mwof installed power.

INTAKE: The initial sitechosen for intake will bereconsidered whenpreliminary work(wideningandbuildingofa bridge for vehicles)related to the newOtavalo-Selva Alegre-Quinindé road is finished.

PIPES:200 to300metersof lowpressurepipeswill be installedalong

agentlegradient, followedbysome250mofhighpressurepipe, 0.8min diameter, placed almost verticalloy. The use of PRV technology,some 3 times lighter than steel, will facilitate instllation which willrequire rail (via train)methodology for placement and anchorage.

ENGINEHOUSE:Thiswill beabovegroundor semi-buried, fused intothe rockandatasafedistance fromtheGuayllabambaRiver’s swelling,although the swelling will be strongly buffered by the large Villadoradamof the integratedGuayllabamba hydroelectric system. The plantwill be equippedwith a Pelton turbine (2Mw).

PRINCIPLE DATAHydrology- Name of River: San Andrés- Average flow (m3/s) 17- Design flow (m3/s) 0.8- Swelling flow (m3/s) 45

1.2 Reservoir- Filter

- Level (masl) 1,910

1.3 Dam:- Gravity concrete- Height (m): 6- Bottomdrain- Floodgate BxH=2x2.5m

1.3 Pressure pipe- Surface (PRV)- Diameter (m): 0.8- Length (m): 350

1.4 Engine house- Above ground- Fall (m): 180- L/H=4- Turbine: 1 Pelton- Power (Mw): 2


Informationon the basin:PARISH: The San Andrés power plant is located inGarcía Moreno Parish (see page____).

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION: The1,700 hectares of the San Andrés River basin havebeen seriously deforested, with an 8% remnant of100% natural forest. The soil has been used,

essentially, for livestock and agricultural activities.This is the only basin in the HidroIntag system withthese characteristics, and it will thus undergo aspecific campaign of reforestation andagroforestry activities with property owners in thecommunities of Magnolia, Villadora, Limones andthe western part of Rosal, in order to recreateconditions for a larger, more permanent flow.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEEDER BASIN

FOREST COVER VALUESTOTAL SURFACE AREA OF BASIN (Hectares) 1,700RANK OF BASIN ACCORDING TO SURFACE (1 to 9) 7º / 9100% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface area) 8%FOREST WITH "PROTECTED FOREST" STATUS NOFOREST PROTECTED VIA MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NOBIODIVERSITY INDEX LOWTYPE OF FOREST IN THE BASIN DEFORESTEDANDNATURALLYGENERATEDVEGETATIONBORDERS ON CCEC ECOLOGICAL RESERVE NOPERTAINS TO THE CHOCO BIOREGION YES

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 5INHABITANTS (Nº) 2,090COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 2COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVES (Nº) -SURFACE AREA OF COMMUNITY MANAGED RESERVES (Hectares) -HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES PROVIDINGWATER FORHUMANCONSUMPTION 2PRIVATE FORESTSOWNEDBY INDIVIDUALS COMMITTED TOCONSERVATION YESENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM NOINSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION -CIVIL SOCIETY INVOLVEMENT IN CONSERVATION LOW

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALUESMAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LIVESTOCK - AGRICULTUREPRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT MININGOTHER RISKS SPECIFIC TO THE BASIN BAD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES


SAN ANDRESFEEDER BASINCotacachi County limits

Parish limits

CommunityRoads

Feeder BasinProtected Forest100%Natural Forest or highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

SanJoaquínHidroelectricplant, 1,6Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This project will be simple to build, as it involves nounderground work or dams, while topographical andgeological conditions are favorable.

INTAKE: This could be of the self-cleaning “coanda” type,adapted to a plant of this size, to be located in a rockyenclosure on the river, measuring 1,5m wide and 2m high,perfectly symmetrical, which will allow for the placement of agood-sized floodgate. A provisional detour could be easilycreated on the southern, or right, bank, and could serve for the

definitive pipe feeder phase. The only problem with this site isthe relatively high dam (7-8m) and significant excavation tocreate the provisional detour. The building of a standard filtercould be studied for the left bank of the river, making use of anarrow ford.

PIPE: The site’s topography has made it possible to determinethe exact length of pipe, some 1,100m of PRV, placed andburied following the axis of the current open channel used byresidents of the area, some 20m above, on a piece of land thathas demonstrated a satisfactory degree of stability over theyears. The last section of 150m would be high pressure pipewith an angle of 35-40%, until arriving at the engine room.According to the performance of this PRV tube, we couldconsider directly conducting the water, without high pressurepipes. A small equilibrium chimney could provide protectionfor these pipes.

ENGINE ROOM: This would be built above ground, on thebanks of the river, some 100m upstream from the small bridgeon the road to Cuellaje, making use of a platform ofappropriate size. Con a flow of 2,5m3/s that should guarantee

afeeder basin of almost 26km2, with good forest cover, weestimate an an installed potential of 1.6Mw, for a net fall ofsome 80m.In principle, 2 groups of Francis type will be installed, whichcould be done in 2 phases, in case of doubt regarding thebasin’s hydrology.


Information on thebasin:

PARISH: The SanJoaquín plant is locatedin the parish of Seis deJulio de Cuellaje.

Fertile landCuellaje, the youngestparish in Intag, is blessedwith fertile land. It wasofficially established onAugust 5, 1964. In thenorth and water, itborders on theCotacachi-CayapasEcological Reserve

(CCER), to the south with the parish of Peñaherrera, and to theeast with the parish of Apuela. It has a population of some3,000 residents, the majority involved in agriculture andlivestock activities. Due to the variable climate, both coastaland sierra crops grow well. Tourism is just beginning, withhopeful results. Cuellaje can be reached via the Pueblo Viejoroad or driving through Peñaherrera.Many years ago, before electricity reached the parish, there wasone of the first attempts at small-scale hydroelectric generationon the San Joaquín River.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION:The office of the CCERManagement Committee –Cuellaje District, is located in theparish, proof of the primordialrole of this area of Intag inconserving the existing naturalheritage. In addition to forestsbelonging to families committedto conservation, a reservecovering more than 11,000hectares is managed by theParish Council and surrounding

communities; the reserve has a high level of biodiversity (faunaand flora) an stored carbon.

The San Joaquín basin has a good forest cover, with 44% of its2,600 hectares containing a cover of 50%, 70% and up to 100%.There are three hydrological reserves providing water forhuman consumption, managed bythe communities of the parish.

The mining concessions in theupper part (Magdalena sector) thatwere in the hands of a miningtransnational until recently,reverted to the State after theimplementation of the miningmandate passed by theConstitutional Assembly at the endof 2008.


SAN JOAQUÍNFEEDER BASIN

Feeder Basin

CommunityCotacachi County limits

RoadsProtected Forest

100%Natural Forest or Highlands

70% Natural Forest

50% Natural Forest

100%NaturalForestorHighlands70% Natural Forest50% Natural Forest

PRINCIPAL DATA

1.1 Hydrology:- Name of the river San Joaquín- Bain area (km2) 26- Average flow m3/s) 1.25- Design flow (m3/s) 2.5- Swelling flow 65


1.3 Dam:- Reinforced concrete- Height (m) 6- Type: coanda

1.4 Low pressure pipe:- Surface – buried (PRV)- Diameter (m) 1.2- Length (m) 950

1.5 Pressure pipe:- Surface – buried (PRV)- Diameter (m) 1- Length (m) 150

1.6 Engine house:- Above ground- Fall (m): 80- Turbine: 2 Francis- Power (Mw) 1.6

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEEDER BASINFOREST COVER VALUES

TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF THE BASIN (Hectares) 2,600RANK OF BASINS ACCORDING TO SURFACE AREA (1 to 9) 5º / 9100% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface) 12%70% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface) 18%50% NATURAL FOREST (% of total surface) 14%FOREST CATEGORIZED AS “PROTECTED FOREST" NOFOREST PROTECTED VIA MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NOBIODIVERSITY INDEX HIGHTYPE OF FOREST IN THE BASIN PRE-MONTANE /MONTANE /HIGHPLUVIALBORDERS ON THE CCER ECOLOGICAL RESERVE SIPART OF THE CHOCO BIOREGION SI

COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORY VALUESCOMMUNITIES (Nº) 4INHABITANTS (Nº) 1,980COMMUNITIES WITH LEGAL STATUS (Nº) 1RESERVES MANAGED BY COMMUNITIES (Nº) 1SURFACE AREA OF COMMUNITY-MANAGED RESERVES (Hectáreas) 1,100HYDROLOGICAL RESERVES PROVIDING WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (Nº) 3FORESTS WITH OWNERS COMMITTED TO CONSERVATION YESPROGRAMAA FAVOR DEL MEDIOAMBIENTE ONGOINGINSTITUCIONES INVOLUCRADAS EN LA CONSERVACION FBU, ACAI, Parish Council, AACRIIMPLICACION DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL EN LA CONSERVACION HIGH

CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK VALUESMAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LIVESTOCK-AGRICULTUREMAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT MININGOTHER THREATS TO THE BASIN AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER


Intag Hidroelectricplant, 60Mw

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This project is located on the Intag River, upriver from themega-power plant known as Villadora, which is part of theGuayllabamba integrated hydroelectric system, with whichpossible synergies are proposed as regards, for example,hydrological and geological study data, and also theevacuation of energy via a common electrical network.

DAM: While 3 possible sites have been identified on this partof the Intag River, the most interesting option is located at ahigh of 910m, near the far end of the Villadora reservoir, whichwould allow for taking maximum advantage of the Intag Riverbasin to a height of 1050m, corresponding to the return of thewaters by the plant on the Pamplona River. The narrowest pointof this stretch of the river is used (300-320m), with a ration ofl/H=1.9, interesting for a arc dam with a thin wall. A part of therelief on the right bank facilitates an very short undergroundgallery (250m) for provisional rerouting of the flow, that wouldalso serve as a base drain and loading gallery to anunderground engine house. The dam of the narrow arc typewould be of classic conception, of double curvature, self-stabilizing during construction, with a reasonable work index of50 to 60 kg/cm2.

GALLERY: The temporary rerouting gallery will be convertedinto a base facility for draining and evacuation of swells,through a security floodgate and a floodgate regulation sector.For security, to prevent all risks, however minimal, of blockage

of this gallery due to a significant landslide, another semi-basefloodgate could be installed through the dam and close towhere this is located on the right bank. Finally, a securityspillway of free plates some-hundred meters long will beplaced in the central part of the top of the arc.

The loading gallery will be the same tunnel as the base drain,which should facilitate constant evacuation of sedimentsthrough the action of the turbine, before they collect in thereservoir. This could include supplementary pressure pipethrough the arc, on the right side, if this would be useful.

INTAKE: Of the “Wheel” or “Top” type, located at the level ofthe temporary rerouting-drain and/or close to the minimumlevel of exploitation at 925.

ENGINE HOUSE: This would be underground, downstreamfrom the temporary rerouting/drain/high pressure conduit, andequipped with two Francis groups.


Principle data

Hydrology- Name of river Intag- Basin area (km2) 1.000- Average flow (m3/s) 25- Design flow (m3/s) 70- Swelling flow (m3/s Tr 1000 years :

800

Reservoir:- Annual regulation- Maximum normal level (masl)1055-1060- Minimum level 1025

- Total volume (Hm3) 30-40- Usable volume (Hm3) 20-30

Rerouting of river- Guide and Tunnel- Length (m) 250- Diameter (m) 7- Flow (m3/s) 300

Dam :-Concrete arch-Height (m) 160-165-Length (m) 350-370-Free surface outlet-Base drain:2 radial compartments BxH (m)2,2x3,1Capacity (m3/s) 2x550

Flow tunnel :- After rerouting tunnel

Pressure pipe crossing dam :- Diameter (m) 4,5

Engine house:1. At the foot of the dam, underground (pump-turbine)Maximum fall (m) 1553. 2 Francis, turbines= 2x304. Power (Mw) 60

INFORMATION ON THE BASIN:Region: This project is related to the entire sub-basin of theIntag River, which includes seven parishes with 13,696inhabitants, 49% women, 51% men, mestizos (95%), Afro-Ecuadorians (4%), indígenous (1%), living in some 60 ruralcommunities.


ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Because it is located at the lower end of the river, before it flowsinto the Guayllabamba, this project is related to a feeder basinof more than 1,050km2, which has as tributaries the majority ofsources of water in the subtropical region, including part of thehigh lands.

With 44,000 hectares of native “cloud” forest located betweenthe Toisan range, bordering on the Cotacachi-CayapasEcological Reserve, and the Paso Alto and Quinde ranges, theIntag region is part of two ecoregions, the Choco and theTropical Andes, remanents of almost uninterrupted biodiversityfrom Panama to northwestern Ecuador, of recognized nationaland international interest, especially within the current contextof global warming.



Pilchihuaica Hidroelectricplant, 9M

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This hydroelectric project is located downwater from theconfluence of the Pilchihuaica and Pitura, small, crystallinerivers the begin in the highlands in the Piñan area, in theCotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve, within a feeder basin ofclose to 160km2.

INTAKE: On the plain close to an altitude of 2220 masl, theinfrastructure will be built, taking advantage of a rocky strait,with a dam between 5 and 10 m high, of reinforced concrete

(including the holding tank and the “coanda” intake, with aperforated cover that will be used to empty swellings the entirelength of the dam) in order to create a reservoir that will fulfillthe role of filter. A temporary bypass (a lateral type of ditch inthe rock) for the dry season flow will allow for the installationof the radial drain compartment of 1.5x2m.

PIPE: We have selected PRV (polyesther reinforced withfiberglass), easy to install, due to its light weight; some 3,000meters of pipe, 1.8 meters in diameter, will be used. The pipewill be buried where topography permits. A balance chimneywill probably be needed.

ENGINE ROOM: The building housing the machines will belocated on the surface, on the right bank of the Apuela River,right before it flows into the Pitura River, at an altitude above1,925m, in order to prevent possible swellings of the Apuela

River. It wil be near the access road to the community of Irubi.

With an average flow of 4m3/sf, installed power would be9Mw, with 2 Pelton or Francis turbines to make use of an a fallof some 300 meters.

PHOTOS:The photos used in the publication were supplied by Carlos Zorrilla, Manuel Baño, JoséRivera, Luis Robalino, Denis Laporta, Nuria Castelló, Brice Wong, Marjorie Chopin, Jac-ques Fort, Denis Hakenholz, Periódico Intag, Consorcio Toisán.


Plaza Gutiérrez Selva Alegre Vacas Galindo

An initiative of:

With the collaboration of:

logo del munici-pio no vale laimagen

García Moreno

Juntas Parroquiales Rurales

Seis de LulioCuellaje

Peñaherrea

Asamblea deUnidad Cantonal

developmentonanorganizationalprocessinharmonywiththeenvironment,weresuccessful · 2011. 9. 19. ·...

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