dexamethasone regulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts

1
7/22/2019 Dexamethasone Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dexamethasone-regulation-of-glycosaminoglycan-synthesis-in-cultured-human-skin 1/1 Dexamethasone Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts Similar Effects of Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormones Terry J. Smith Section of Metabolic and Endocrine Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30910  b btract. The effects of dexamethasone on glycosaminoglycan accumulation were examined in con- fluent human skin fibroblasts in vitro. The glucocorticoid consistently inhibited the incorporation of either [3H]acetate or [3H]glucosamine into hyaluronate when added to culture medium 72 h before harvest. This effect was half-maximal at -1 nM and maximal at 5-10 nM. Inhibition occurred within 5 h of hormone addition and was near maximal by 25 h. 1 la-hydrocor- tisone (10 nM), deoxycorticosterone (10 nM), and pro- gesterone (100 nM) failed to inhibit this accumulation; however, progesterone (2 uM), a known glucocorticoid antagonist at high concentration, could attenuate the response to dexamethasone by 5 7 . Cultures were pulse- labeled and then chase incubated for up to 68 h. No difference in the rate of [3H]hyaluronate degradation could be demonstrated in steroid-treated cultures. Triio- dothyronine (T3) can alsoinhibit synthesis of hyaluronate in fibroblasts (Smith, T. J., Y. Murata, A. L. Horwitz, L. Philipson, and S. Refetoff, 1982, J. Clin. Invest., 70:1066-1073). Both T3 and dexamethasone could in- hibit glycosaminoglycan accumulation in a dose-depen- dent manner. Maximal T3 effects were achieved at 1 nM and those of dexamethasone at 10 nM. Saturating concentrations of T3 and dexamethasone added alone inhibited [3H]hyaluronate by 54 and 4 9 , respectively. When both hormones were added, accumulation was inhibited by 8 4 . Dexamethasone inhibits [3H]hyal- Portions of this work were presented at the VIIth International Congress of Endocrinology, Quebec, Canada, 1-7 July 1984. Address reprint requests to Dr. Smith, Endocrine Section (11 IB), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30910. Received for publication 9 April 1984 and in revised form 9 August 1984. uronate accumulation in a time, dose-dependent, and stereo-specific manner. The rate of glycosaminoglycan degradation was unaffected, and thus, the steroid inhib- ited the rate of macromolecular synthesis. This effect was likely mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Hyaluronate synthesis in skin fibroblasts appears to be regulated by both glucocorticoids and T3 through differ- ent pathways. Introduction Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are complex sugars that comprise dermal ground substance  1). While the mechanisms involved in the synthesis and the biological role of GAG remain controversial, some human diseases are associated with an abnormal accumulation of these substances: Marfan s syndrome  2), Graves disease (3), and hypothyroidism  4). Human skin fibroblasts are easily obtained, can be propa- gated in tissue culture, and synthesize large amounts of GAG, of which hyaluronate (HA) predominates (5). Abnormal GAG accumulation has been reported in fibroblast cultures from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (6), Marfan s syndrome  7), and rheumatoid arthritis (8). My colleagues and I dem- onstrated recently that 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (T3), the biolog- ically active thyroid hormone, could inhibit accumulation of HA in skin fibroblast cultures incubated in medium supple- mented with thyroid hormone-depleted serum (9). This inhi- bition was both time- and dose-dependent, saturable at a physiologic concentration of T3, and was a consequence of a decreased rate of synthesis rather than an increased rate of GAG degradation (10). The skin fibroblast culture depleted of thyroid hormone may thus be an in vitro model of human myxedema. 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: Dex, dexamethasone (1,4 pregnadien- 9-fluoro- 16a-methyl- I I fl, 1 7a,2 I -triol-3,20-dione); DOC, 1 1 -deoxycor- ticosterone (2 1-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione); GAG, glycosamino- glycan; HA, hyaluronic acid; 1 I a-hydrocortisone, epicortisol  I1 a,17,2 1- trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione); T3, 3,3',5-L-triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine, 3,3',5,5'-L-tetraiodothyronine; Tx-Bs, serum from thyroid- ectomized calves. 2157 GlucocorticoidRegulation of Glycosaminoglycan J. Clin. Invest. © The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc. 0021-9738/84/12/2163/14  1.00 Volume 74, December 1984, 2157-2163

Upload: maria-luiza-craciun

Post on 09-Feb-2018

214 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Dexamethasone Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts

7/22/2019 Dexamethasone Regulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dexamethasone-regulation-of-glycosaminoglycan-synthesis-in-cultured-human-skin 1/1

Dexamethasone R e g u l a t i o n o f

G l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n S y n t h e s i s i n C u l t u r e d

Human S k i n F i b r o b l a s t sS i m i l a r E f f e c t s o f G l u c o c o r t i c o i d

and T h y r o i d Hormones

T e r r y J . S m i t h

S e c t i o n o f M e t a b o l i c a n d E n d o c r i n e D i s e a s e , D e p a r t m e n t o fM e d i c i n e , M e d i c a l C o l l e g e o f G e o r g i a a n d V e t e r a n sA d m i n i s t r a t i o n M e d i c a l C e n t e r , A u g u s t a , G e o r g i a 3 0 9 1 0

 bb t r a c t . T h e e f f e c t s o f d e x a m e t h a s o n e on

g l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a na c c u m u l a t i o n were e x a m i n e d i n c o n -

f l u e n t h u m a n s k i n f i b r o b l a s t s i n v i t r o . T h e g l u c o c o r t i c o i dc o n s i s t e n t l y i n h i b i t e d t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f e i t h e r[ 3 H ] a c e t a t e o r [ 3 H ] g l u c o s a m i n e i n t o h y a l u r o n a t e w h e n

a d d e d t o c u l t u r e m e d i u m 7 2 h b e f o r e h a r v e s t . T h i s

e f f e c t w a s h a l f - m a x i m a l a t - 1 n M a n d m a x i m a l a t5 - 1 0 n M . I n h i b i t i o n o c c u r r e d w i t h i n 5 h o f h o r m o n e

a d d i t i o n a n d w a s n e a r m a x i m a l b y 2 5 h . 1 l a - h y d r o c o r -t i s o n e ( 1 0 n M ) , d e o x y c o r t i c o s t e r o n e ( 1 0 n M ) , a n d p r o -g e s t e r o n e ( 1 0 0 n M ) f a i l e d t o i n h i b i t t h i s a c c u m u l a t i o n ;h o w e v e r , p r o g e s t e r o n e ( 2 u M ) , a k n o w n g l u c o c o r t i c o i da n t a g o n i s t a t h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n , c o u l d a t t e n u a t e t h er e s p o n s e t o d e x a m e t h a s o n e b y 5 7 . C u l t u r e s w e r e p u l s e -

l a b e l e d a n d t h e n c h a s e i n c u b a t e d f o r u p t o 6 8 h . Nod i f f e r e n c e i n t h e r a t e o f [ 3 H ] h y a l u r o n a t e d e g r a d a t i o nc o u l d b e d e m o n s t r a t e d i n s t e r o i d - t r e a t e d c u l t u r e s . T r i i o -d o t h y r o n i n e ( T 3 ) c a n a l s o i n h i b i t s y n t h e s i s o f h y a l u r o n a t ei n f i b r o b l a s t s ( S m i t h , T . J . , Y . M u r a t a , A . L . H o r w i t z ,L . P h i l i p s o n , a n d S . R e f e t o f f , 1 9 8 2 , J . C l i n . I n v e s t . ,7 0 : 1 0 6 6 - 1 0 7 3 ) . B o t h T 3 a n d d e x a m e t h a s o n e c o u l d i n -h i b i t g l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n a c c u m u l a t i o n i n a d o s e - d e p e n -d e n t m a n n e r . M a x i m a l T 3 e f f e c t s w e r e a c h i e v e d a t 1nM a n d t h o s e o f d e x a m e t h a s o n e a t 1 0 n M . S a t u r a t i n gc o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f T 3 a n d d e x a m e t h a s o n e a d d e d a l o n ei n h i b i t e d [ 3 H ] h y a l u r o n a t e b y 5 4 a n d 4 9 , r e s p e c t i v e l y .When b o t h h o r m o n e s w e r e a d d e d , a c c u m u l a t i o n w a s

i n h i b i t e d b y 8 4 . D e x a m e t h a s o n e i n h i b i t s [ 3 H ] h y a l -P o r t i o n s o f t h i s w o r k w e r e p r e s e n t e d a t t h e V I I t h I n t e r n a t i o n a lC o n g r e s s o f E n d o c r i n o l o g y , Q u e b e c , C a n a d a , 1 - 7 J u l y 1 9 8 4 .

A d d r e s s r e p r i n t r e q u e s t s t o D r . S m i t h , E n d o c r i n e S e c t i o n ( 1 1 I B ) ,V e t e r a n s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n M e d i c a l C e n t e r , A u g u s t a , GA 3 0 9 1 0 .

R e c e i v e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n 9 A p r i l 1 9 8 4 a n d i n r e v i s e d f o r m 9 A u g u s t1 9 8 4 .

u r o n a t e a c c u m u l a t i o n i n a t i m e , d o s e - d e p e n d e n t , a n d

s t e r e o - s p e c i f i c m a n n e r . T h e r a t e o f

g l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a nd e g r a d a t i o n w a s u n a f f e c t e d , a n d t h u s , t h e s t e r o i d i n h i b -i t e d t h e r a t e o f m a c r o m o l e c u l a r s y n t h e s i s . T h i s e f f e c tw a s l i k e l y m e d i a t e d t h r o u g h g l u c o c o r t i c o i d r e c e p t o r s .H y a l u r o n a t e s y n t h e s i s i n s k i n f i b r o b l a s t s a p p e a r s t o b e

r e g u l a t e d b y b o t h g l u c o c o r t i c o i d s a n d T 3 t h r o u g h d i f f e r -e n t p a t h w a y s .

I n t r o d u c t i o n

G l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n s ( G A G ) a r e c o m p l e x s u g a r s t h a t c o m p r i s e

d e r m a l g r o u n d s u b s t a n c e   1 ) . W h i l e t h e m e c h a n i s m s i n v o l v e d

i n t h e s y n t h e s i s a n d t h e b i o l o g i c a l r o l e o f GAG r e m a i n

c o n t r o v e r s i a l , some human d i s e a s e s a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a n

a b n o r m a l a c cu m ul a t i o n o f t h e s e s u b s t a n c e s : M a r f a n s s y n d r o m e  2 ) , G r a v e s d i s e a s e ( 3 ) , a n d h y p o t h y r o i d i s m   4 ) .

Human s k i n f i b r o b l a s t s a r e e a s i l y o b t a i n e d , c a n b e p r o p a -

g a t e d i n t i s s u e c u l t u r e , a n d s y n t h e s i z e l a r g e a m o u n t s o f GAG,

o f w h i c h h y a l u r o n a t e ( H A ) p r e d o m i n a t e s ( 5 ) . A b n o r m a l GAG

a c c u m u l a t i o n h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d i n f i b r o b l a s t c u l t u r e s f r o m

p a t i e n t s w i t h o s t e o g e n e s i s i m p e r f e c t a ( 6 ) , M a r f a n s s y n d r o m e

  7 ) , a n d r h e u m a t o i d a r t h r i t i s ( 8 ) . My c o l l e a g u e s a n d I d e m -

o n s t r a t e d r e c e n t l y t h a t 3 , 3 ' , 5 t r i i o d o t h y r o n i n e ( T 3 ) , t h e b i o l o g -i c a l l y a c t i v e t h y r o i d h o r m o n e , c o u l d i n h i b i t a c c u m u l a t i o n o f

HA i n s k i n f i b r o b l a s t c u l t u r e s i n c u b a t e d i n medium s u p p l e -

m e n t e d w i t h t h y r o i d h o r m o n e - d e p l e t e d s e r u m ( 9 ) . T h i s i n h i -b i t i o n w a s b o t h t i m e - a n d d o s e - d e p e n d e n t , s a t u r a b l e a t a

p h y s i o l o g i c c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f T 3 , a n d w a s a c o n s e q u e n c e o f a

d e c r e a s e d r a t e o f s y n t h e s i s r a t h e r t h a n a n i n c r e a s e d r a t e o fGA G d e g r a d a t i o n ( 1 0 ) . T h e s k i n f i b r o b l a s t c u l t u r e d e p l e t e d o f

t h y r o i d h o r m o n e may t h u s b e a n i n v i t r o m o d e l o f humanm y x e d e m a .

1 . A b b r e v i a t i o n s u s e d i n t h i s p a p e r : D e x , d e x a m e t h a s o n e ( 1 , 4 p r e g n a d i e n -9 - f l u o r o - 1 6 a - m e t h y l - I I f l , 1 7 a , 2 I - t r i o l - 3 , 2 0 - d i o n e ) ; DOC, 1 1 - d e o x y c o r -t i c o s t e r o n e ( 2 1 - h y d r o x y - 4 - p r e g n e n e - 3 , 2 0 - d i o n e ) ; GAG, g l y c o s a m i n o -

g l y c a n ; H A , h y a l u r o n i c a c i d ; 1 I a - h y d r o c o r t i s o n e , e p i c o r t i s o l   I 1 a , 1 7 , 2 1 -

t r i h y d r o x y - 4 - p r e g n e n e - 3 , 2 0 - d i o n e ) ; T 3 , 3 , 3 ' , 5 - L - t r i i o d o t h y r o n i n e ; T 4 ,t h y r o x i n e , 3 , 3 ' , 5 , 5 ' - L - t e t r a i o d o t h y r o n i n e ; T x - B s , s e r u m f r o m t h y r o i d -e c t o m i z e d c a l v e s .

2 1 5 7 G l u c o c o r t i c o i d R e g u l a t i o n o f G l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n

J . C l i n . I n v e s t .© T h e A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r C l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n , I n c .0 0 2 1 - 9 7 3 8 / 8 4 / 1 2 / 2 1 6 3 / 1 4   1 . 0 0V o l u m e 7 4 , D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 , 2 1 5 7 - 2 1 6 3